EP0077308A2 - Vehicle for loading, excavating, transportation over short distances and for unloading materials at variable heights - Google Patents

Abstract

The bucket can be lifted from its work position, during which it is immediately above the front axle of the vehicle, as far as the maximum height while its inclination w.r.t. a horizontal axis remains unchanged. It can move forward and downward while its initial position w.r.t. a horizontal axis remains unchanged and can also tip forward by rotation w.r.t. a horizontal axis. The third movement is obtained by expansion of an hydraulic jack whose shaft (17a) is attached to the top edge of the bucket (1) and whose cylinder (17) is pivoted horizontally on a brace which comprises a pair of L-shaped arms (2).

Description

The present patent application for industrial invention relates to a utility vehicle mainly used on construction sites, intended either for digging, or for transport over short distances or for the unloading of inert materials (earth, gravel, pedestal, sand ... ), characterized by the widest possible range of universal joints available to the bucket, which can thus act either as a mechanical shovel or as a tipping bucket with a front tilting adjustable height.

About the above-mentioned grab, it is more precisely its capacity, from its rest position and therefore from the walking position of the machine, position during which it parks above and in the vicinity of the front axle of the vehicle, as in any other traditional dumper, its ability to be lowered forward to the ground or to be lifted upwards while always maintaining the same inclination with respect to an axis horizontal.

During its vertical evolution, the bucket can therefore be stopped at any height and can therefore tilt forwards to perform unloading in the case of the raised bucket or, in the case of the lowered bucket to perform the frontal clearing on the ground.

The present invention therefore makes it possible, with the moven of a single machine, to carry out a series of operations, either of loading, or of transport, or of variable height unloading of inert materials, operations which hitherto required the use of various specific equipment, such as mechanical shovels and dumpers with reverse variable height front.

To be more clear, the description will continue with reference to the accompanying drawings, drawings which are given for illustration only and not for indication, drawings in which a preferred form of embodiment of the invention.

Drawing No. 1 is a side view of the machine according to the invention with the bucket in the rest position which is also the running position of the machine.

Drawing No. 2 is a side view of the machine according to the invention with the bucket lowered to the ground.

Drawing No. 3 is a side view of the machine according to the invention with the bucket raised to its maximum height and not overturned frontally.

Drawing No. 4 is a side view of the machine according to the invention with the bucket raised to its maximum height and also overturned frontally.

Drawing No. 5 is a top view of the machine according to the invention with the bucket lowered forward to the ground and overturned frontally until it lands on the ground itself.

With reference to the above drawings, and assuming that any mechanism has a vertical plane of symmetry perpendicular to the longitudinal axis of the bucket, the bucket itself consists of a body (1), which has an almost triangular cross section, provided with three attachment points, which consist of pairs of trunnions, two of which are symmetrical (1a) placed below the body and the third, intermediate (1b) is projecting externally along the rear edge of the body itself.

On each of the pairs of lower trunnions (1a) there are horizontally fixed, by hinges, a square at "L" (2) and a rocker (3).

Each angle bracket "L" (2) pivots, from the terminal part opposite the end of a horizontal pivot (4) on which are fixed two flails (5) op placed and slightly spaced, which together form a single lever, capable, at the opposite end on a horizontal pivot (6) provided on the chassis, formed by two identical and opposite plates (7), spaced in it in the measure which allows them to contain exactly the pair of plagues (5) above.

Such a chassis is therefore fixed by hinges on a horizontal pivot (8) bordering on the outside at the top of a long lifting arm (9) supported at the base on a supporting structure (10) securely attached to the chassis of the contraption.

The internal plates of each pair of plates (7) are integral with a spacer (11) which has in the center line, two pins (11a), between which is attached a tie rod (12), pivoted at the other end , to the aforementioned supporting structure (10), so as to allow the latter to function as a chassis in an articulated quadrilateral which is made up of two rockers, respectively constituted by the pair of arms (9) and by the tie rod (12 ) as well as by a connecting rod, composed of two plate chassis (7) joined by the spacer (11).

The pair of arms (9) can pivot relative to the chassis (10) thanks to the action of a hydraulic cylinder (13), the chamber of which pivots on the supporting structure (10) and the rod (13) of which is attached in the middle of the spacer which unites the two arms (9).

In this regard, it should be pointed out that it is precisely thanks to the quadrilateral thus designed (articulated quadrilateral) that it is possible to lift the bucket from its rest position while maintaining its inclination relative to an unchanged horizontal axis.

The above-mentioned rockers (3), pivoted at one end to the lower journals (la), as already described, pivot at the opposite end, to a pivot (14), fixed between each pair of plates (7) and to which the rod (15a) of a hydraulic cylinder is attached, the chamber (15) of which is voted horizontally, in the tilting position, inside and at the mid-length approximately of the pair of rods (5) above.

In this regard, it is specified that, when the bucket is in the rest position - operating position of the machine - the said hydraulic cylinder (15) is in full expansion, and its retraction therefore comprises, since the plates (7) cannot rotate on the pivot (8) because they are blocked by pulling (12) the forward oscillation of the levers (5) around the pivot (6) with a consequent displacement towards the front and at the bottom of the body (1), which maintains its initial inclination almost unchanged by relative to the horizontal axis.

During this evolution of the bucket, the plates (7) are found to act as a frame in an articulated quadrilateral which consists of two rockers, which consist respectively of the double rods (5) and the rod (3) as well as 'a connecting rod formed by the square at "L" (2).

The "L" brackets (2) are integral with a spacer (16), in the center line of which horizontally pivots a hydraulic cylinder (17), the rod (17a) of which is attached to the pair of pins (1b), on the rear part of the body.

It is obvious that the expansion of the hydraulic cylinder causes a frontal overturning of the bucket (1) having been provided with a maximum rotation of 90 °.

In drawing No. 1 the position of the bucket has been represented by a hatched line, position of the bucket (1) when the jack (17) is fully expanding.

The position drawn with a continuous line in drawing No. 2 is obtained by starting from the rest position or the operating position of the machine, by simply actuating the hydraulic cylinders (15) until their complete contraction.

The positions indicated by means of a hatched line in drawing No. 2, correspond, on the contrary, to two particular positions of the bin not overturned frontally: in one case, the front edge of the front wall of the body coincides with the ground, ie in the front load position by crawling, while in the other case, the front edge of the bucket is pressed into the ground, position suitable for a hollow frontal.

In this regard, we emphasize the possibility of self-loading that has the box (1) because, after having collected the material, the bucket can withdraw and be housed again on the front of the machine, by constantly maintaining during this evolution its own horizontal position and thus avoiding the exit of the material which was loaded.

In drawings 3 and 4 is shown by means of a hatched line the position occupied by the bucket in both cases following the start of the hydraulic cylinders (15), with a consequent forward recall of the two levers (5).

• - un levier de mise en marche du vérin hydraulique (17) pour conduire les opérations de déchargement, d'auto-chargement et de creusement;
• - un levier de mise en marche des vérins hydrauliques (15) pour incliner la benne vers l'avant et vers le bas en maintenant la même inclina tion initiale par rapport à un axe horizontal;
• - un levier de mise en marche du vérin hydraulique (13) pour soulever la benne de sa position de repos et de mise en marche de l'engin, en maintenant inchangée l'inclination initiale par rapport à un axe horizontal.

Instead of the operator of the machine, three levers have been provided for starting the hydraulic cylinders:

• - a lever for starting the hydraulic cylinder (17) to conduct the unloading, self-loading and digging operations;
• - a lever for switching on the hydraulic cylinders (15) to tilt the bucket forward and down while maintaining the same initial inclination with respect to a horizontal axis;
• - A lever for starting the hydraulic cylinder (13) for lifting the bucket from its rest position and for starting the machine, keeping the initial inclination unchanged with respect to a horizontal axis.

It is also specified that all the hydraulic cylinders are double-acting and it is therefore possible to stop the bucket in any intermediate position between the two extreme positions provided for any evolution of the bucket itself.

After all that has been explained with reference to the illustrations shown, it is obvious to consider the machine examined as having, on the one hand, all the characteristics of a traditional dumper, ie reduced dimensions and extreme maneuverability during the transport phases. and on the other hand, as having a very large articulation of the body, which is the characteristic of the mechanical shovel and loader with respect to which, the skip in question also deploys a movement of retraction on the front of the machine.

It is understood that the present description has been made with reference to a preferred embodiment of the invention, and therefore that the technicians of the sector will be able to improve it by means of numerous variants and modifications especially as regards the details of construction, without departing from the limits of the present invention, described above, illustrated and finally claimed.

Claims (4)

1) Machine suitable for self-loading, digging, transport over short distances and variable height unloading of inert materials, characterized in that the bucket can make the following movements, all hydraulically controlled with cylinders double acting: a) lifting the bucket from its driving position, during which it is stationed immediately above the anterior axis of the vehicle, up to the maximum height, maintaining its inclination unchanged with respect to a horizontal axis ; b) moving the bucket forward and down, keeping its initial position almost unchanged with respect to a horizontal axis; c) frontal overturning of the bucket by rotation relative to a horizontal axis; 2) Machine suitable for self-loading, digging, transport over short distances and variable height unloading of inert materials, characterized in that the front overturning of the bucket of which in point c) of claim 1 ) is obtained by means of the expansion of a hydraulic cylinder (17), the rod (17a) of which is attached to the upper edge of the body (1), while the chamber of the cylinder (17) is pivoted horizontally on a spacer (16) which joins the two "L" brackets (2), symmetrical and united by hinges, at one end, on two pairs of pins (la) provided under the body (1). 3) Machine suitable for self-loading, digging, transport over short distances and variable-height unloading of inert materials, characterized in that the movement forwards and downwards, of which at point b ) of claim 1) is obtained by using two articulated, identical, opposite and symmetrical quadrilaterals, each of which made of: - a frame, formed by two opposite plates (7); - a rocker, formed by two opposite rods (5), slightly distanced, pivoted internally to the pair of plates (7) above, on a horizontal pivot (6); - a second rocker which consists of a rod (3) pivoted inside the pair of plates (7), on a horizontal pivot (14), on the one hand and to the pair of trunnions (1a) of somewhere else; - a connecting rod formed by one of the two "L" brackets (2) above, pivoted on the one hand, to a couple of pins (la) and on the other hand, on a horizontal pivot (4) projecting outside the rocker formed by the two opposite rods (5) mentioned above. The forward rotation of the rockers (3) and (5) is obtained by means of the retraction of a hydraulic cylinder (15), the rod of which is fixed to the chassis (7) in correspondence with the pivot (14 ) above, while the chamber is pivoted horizontally, about half the length, between the two opposite rods (5) above. 4) Machine suitable for self-loading, digging, transport over short distances and variable height unloading of inert materials, characterized in that the lifting of the bucket of which in point a) of claim l) is obtained using an articulated quadrilateral which includes: - A chassis constituted by a carrying structure (10), fixed securely to the chassis of the machine; - two rockers, constituted respectively by a pair of arms (9) and by the tie rod (12); - A connecting rod formed by two pairs of plates (7), made integral by a spacer (11), in the middle of which attaches a bottom culeur (12) above, while the two pairs of plates (7) above are pivoted each on a horizontal pivot (8) projecting externally, at the top of each rocker (9). The upward rotation of the pair of rockers (9) is obtained by the expansion of a hydraulic cylinder (13), the chamber of which is pivoted horizontally ment to the fixed supporting structure (10) when its rod (13a) is attached to the middle of a spacer which unites the pair of arms (9).

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