EP0076036A1 - Verfahren und Vorrichtung zum Verbrennen von Brennstoff in Stufen - Google Patents

Verfahren und Vorrichtung zum Verbrennen von Brennstoff in Stufen Download PDF

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Publication number
EP0076036A1
EP0076036A1 EP82304508A EP82304508A EP0076036A1 EP 0076036 A1 EP0076036 A1 EP 0076036A1 EP 82304508 A EP82304508 A EP 82304508A EP 82304508 A EP82304508 A EP 82304508A EP 0076036 A1 EP0076036 A1 EP 0076036A1
Authority
EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
reaction zone
fuel
air
primary
burner
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Granted
Application number
EP82304508A
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English (en)
French (fr)
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EP0076036B1 (de
Inventor
Richard R. Martin
Kurt S. Jaeger
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Zinklahoma Inc
Original Assignee
John Zink Co
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Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by John Zink Co filed Critical John Zink Co
Publication of EP0076036A1 publication Critical patent/EP0076036A1/de
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Publication of EP0076036B1 publication Critical patent/EP0076036B1/de
Expired legal-status Critical Current

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    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
    • F23D—BURNERS
    • F23D14/00—Burners for combustion of a gas, e.g. of a gas stored under pressure as a liquid
    • F23D14/20—Non-premix gas burners, i.e. in which gaseous fuel is mixed with combustion air on arrival at the combustion zone
    • F23D14/22—Non-premix gas burners, i.e. in which gaseous fuel is mixed with combustion air on arrival at the combustion zone with separate air and gas feed ducts, e.g. with ducts running parallel or crossing each other
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
    • F23C—METHODS OR APPARATUS FOR COMBUSTION USING FLUID FUEL OR SOLID FUEL SUSPENDED IN  A CARRIER GAS OR AIR 
    • F23C6/00—Combustion apparatus characterised by the combination of two or more combustion chambers or combustion zones, e.g. for staged combustion
    • F23C6/04—Combustion apparatus characterised by the combination of two or more combustion chambers or combustion zones, e.g. for staged combustion in series connection
    • F23C6/045—Combustion apparatus characterised by the combination of two or more combustion chambers or combustion zones, e.g. for staged combustion in series connection with staged combustion in a single enclosure
    • F23C6/047—Combustion apparatus characterised by the combination of two or more combustion chambers or combustion zones, e.g. for staged combustion in series connection with staged combustion in a single enclosure with fuel supply in stages
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
    • F23C—METHODS OR APPARATUS FOR COMBUSTION USING FLUID FUEL OR SOLID FUEL SUSPENDED IN  A CARRIER GAS OR AIR 
    • F23C2201/00—Staged combustion
    • F23C2201/20—Burner staging
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
    • F23C—METHODS OR APPARATUS FOR COMBUSTION USING FLUID FUEL OR SOLID FUEL SUSPENDED IN  A CARRIER GAS OR AIR 
    • F23C2201/00—Staged combustion
    • F23C2201/30—Staged fuel supply

Definitions

  • This invention relates to a method and apparatus for burning fuel resulting in low NO formation. More specifically, this invention relates to a staged fuel and air injection burner.
  • Staged fuel also has been suggested wherein all of the air and some of the fuel is burned in the first zone and then the remaining fuel is added in the second zone.
  • the presence of an over abundance of air in the first reaction zone acts as a diluent thus lowering the temperature and suppressing formation of NO x . It has also been proposed to recirculate flue gas to accomplish the lowering of the flame temperature.
  • the low NO forming burner of the present invention comprises:
  • the present invention further provides for the fuel to be proportioned from about 40% to 60% to the primary reaction zone and then from about 60% to 40% to the second reaction zone while the air is proportioned from about 80% to 95% to the primary zone (preferably 90%) and from about 20% to 5% to the secondary zone (preferably 10%).
  • the invention further provides for the primary reaction zone to involve at least one injection nozzle within a centrally located chamber and a secondary reaction zone to involve at least one nozzle and preferably a plurality of nozzles surrounding the outlet of the primary reaction zone. Accordingly, the fuel is supplied to the injection nozzles from a single source with the orifices of the nozzles being sized to proportion the fuel between the primary and secondary reaction zones.
  • the burner is indicated generally by the numeral 10.
  • This particular embodiment involves a primary burner tube 12 leading to a T-bar primary nozzle 14 along with a pair of secondary burner tubes 16 and secondary burner nozzles 18 all being supplied hydrocarbon fuel from a common source through tube 20.
  • the fuel exiting primary nozzle 14 enters the primary combustion zone 22 wherein it is burned in the presence of a significant stoichiometric excess of air flowing through the interior 24 of the burner and entering the primary reaction zone 22 through an annular space 26 surrounding the primary nozzle 14, as indicated by the presence of arrows.
  • the effluent from the primary reaction zone 22 enters a larger secondary reaction zone 28. Simultaneously, the fuel exiting the secondary nozzle 18 is mixed with air from the interior 24 of the burner 10 passing through annular conduits 30 surrounding burner tubes 16 and is then burned in the secondary reaction zone 28 in the presence of the effluent from the first reaction zone 22.
  • the orifices of the respective T-bar nozzle 14 and secondary nozzles 18 are sized such that the fuel is proportioned between the primary reaction zone and the secondary reaction zone. Preferably from about 40 to about 60% of the fuel is directed through the primary nozzle 14 and the remaining fuel is directed to the secondary nozzles 18.
  • the cross-sectional area of the annular space 26 and the annular conduits 30 for conducting air to primary and secondary reaction zones are selected such as to deliver about 80% to 95% of the total air to the primary reaction zone 22 and the remaining 20% to 596 of the total air to the secondary reaction zone 28.
  • Fig.4 illustrates the directional characteristics of the orifices of each secondary nozzle 18. As illustrated, the five fuel ports 32 will issue a fan like sheet of fuel directed towards the effluent of the primary combustion zone.
  • FIG. 5 an alternate forced draft burner 10 is illustrated involving a single gas nozzle 34 that directs the fuel delivered through conduit 36 into the primary combustion zone 38 defined by the refractory walls 40 of the burner.
  • Riser pipes 42 fitted with orifice tips 44 extend through this refractory wall 40 such as to deliver the secondary fuel to the secondary combustion zone 46.
  • combustion air flows through the interior 48 of burner 10 into the primary zone 38 by way of annular conduit 49 and into secondary combustion zone 46 through annular openings 50.
  • Figs. 6, 7 and 8 illustrate the basic orifice or port configuration 52 of the secondary nozzles 44 including alternate angles of inclination (Fig.7) towards the axial direction of the flow in the primary reaction zone 38.
  • Fig.9 illustrates another alternate embodiment of a staged fuel and air burner 10 of the present invention wherein the particular burner is a flat flame design involving a pair of primary nozzles 54 and 56 each essentially adjacent to the refractory walls forming the primary reaction zone 58.
  • secondary fuel conduits 60 and 62 pass through the refractory material such as to deliver fuel to the secondary reaction zone 64.
  • a series of tests were conducted using a burner configuration as illustrated in Fig.5.
  • the burner was of a forced draft design using natural gas.
  • a center mounted gas gun was mounted to fire inside a refractory chamber.
  • Four riser pipes fitted with orifice tips were installed through the refractory wall of the combustion chamber parallel to the center line of the burner.
  • Three sets of tips were tested, each having orifices discharging at different angles to the tiro centerline.
  • the burner was tested by firing vertically upward into a furnace.
  • the tip drillings included three orifices and were oriented in the first series discharging vertically upward (parallel to the centerline of the burner), in the second series discharging at a small angle, e.g. 15 off vertical (towards the burner centerline) and in the third series discharging 30 0 off vertical (towards the burner centerline).
  • Each test series of each set of tips included variations of primary/secondary fuel ratio and turned down tests.
  • Fig.lO shows the graphs plotted as a result of the tests.
  • the burner was also fired on center gas only to establish the base point for non-staged operation of 80 ppm NO x .
  • the lowest NO levels were obtained with secondary orifices discharging parallel to the burner axis, but this set of tips also produces the highest level of combustibles.
  • Turn down on 30° tips was about 3:1 on a fifty/fifty fuel split and turn down on 15° tips was about 2:1 on a forty/sixty split. Flame appearance was generally good on all arrangements.
  • staged air and fuel combustion is capable of producing NO x levels significantly lower than conventional combustion.
  • test results have also established that these low NO levels are achieved in the absence of significant soot formation or flame instability. Additional advantages of the present invention include the fact that the NO levels achieved are lower than those associated with staged air combustion and the fact that the basic concept of staged air and-fuel is compatible with a wide variety of types of burners.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Combustion & Propulsion (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
EP82304508A 1981-09-28 1982-08-26 Verfahren und Vorrichtung zum Verbrennen von Brennstoff in Stufen Expired EP0076036B1 (de)

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
US30641281A 1981-09-28 1981-09-28
US306412 1981-09-28

Publications (2)

Publication Number Publication Date
EP0076036A1 true EP0076036A1 (de) 1983-04-06
EP0076036B1 EP0076036B1 (de) 1987-04-29

Family

ID=23185184

Family Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
EP82304508A Expired EP0076036B1 (de) 1981-09-28 1982-08-26 Verfahren und Vorrichtung zum Verbrennen von Brennstoff in Stufen

Country Status (4)

Country Link
EP (1) EP0076036B1 (de)
JP (1) JPS5875606A (de)
CA (1) CA1212617A (de)
DE (1) DE3276191D1 (de)

Cited By (14)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
FR2551532A1 (fr) * 1983-09-05 1985-03-08 Steinmueller Gmbh L & C Procede pour reduire les emissions de nox lors de la combustion de combustibles contenant de l'azote
FR2625295A1 (fr) * 1987-12-24 1989-06-30 Gaz De France Procede et appareil destines a assurer la combustion etagee d'un melange combustible-comburant diminuant la production d'oxydes d'azote
EP0333239A2 (de) * 1988-03-16 1989-09-20 Bloom Engineering Company, Inc., Regenerativbrenner mit einer Vorrichtung zur Unterdrückung der NOx-Bildung
GB2217829A (en) * 1988-04-05 1989-11-01 Nordsea Gas Tach Combination burner assembly
WO1990004740A1 (en) * 1988-10-20 1990-05-03 Airoil-Flaregas Limited Improvements in burner assemblies
EP0430376A2 (de) * 1989-12-01 1991-06-05 International Flame Research Foundation Verbrennungsverfahren für Brennstoff mit gestufter Brennstoffzufuhr und Brenner dafür
WO1992016792A1 (en) * 1991-03-15 1992-10-01 Radian Corporation Apparatus and method for combustion within porous matrix elements
EP0565196A2 (de) * 1992-04-09 1993-10-13 Shell Internationale Researchmaatschappij B.V. Vormischbrenner mit Hochgeschwindigkeits-Brennstoffstrahl und geringer NOx-Bildung
EP0573300A2 (de) * 1992-06-05 1993-12-08 Nippon Furnace Kogyo Kaisha Ltd. Verbrennungsverfahren mit niedrigem NOx-Gehalt und Brennervorrichtung zur Durchführung des Verfahrens
US5441404A (en) * 1993-01-29 1995-08-15 Gordan-Piatt Energy Group, Inc. Burner assembly for reducing nitrogen oxides during combustion of gaseous fuels
US6685463B2 (en) * 1999-12-16 2004-02-03 Bloom Engineering Co., Inc. Air and fuel staged burner
DE19923219B4 (de) * 1998-05-20 2011-05-05 Selas Heat Technology Company, LLC Bodenbrenner mit geringer NOx-Emission und Heizverfahren
US8172567B2 (en) * 2006-06-09 2012-05-08 Aga Ab Lancing of oxygen
EP3078910A1 (de) * 2015-04-08 2016-10-12 Vysoké Ucení Technické V Brne Gasbrenner mit gestufter verbrennung

Families Citing this family (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
RU2534189C2 (ru) * 2010-02-16 2014-11-27 Дженерал Электрик Компани Камера сгорания для газовой турбины(варианты) и способ эксплуатации газовой турбины

Citations (5)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
DE1229229B (de) * 1963-07-18 1966-11-24 Zink Co John Brenner fuer gasfoermige und fluessige Brennstoffe
US4004875A (en) * 1975-01-23 1977-01-25 John Zink Company Low nox burner
EP0006358A1 (de) * 1978-06-19 1980-01-09 John Zink Company Brenner mit reduzierter NOx-Emission und Regelung der Flammenlänge und Flammenbreite
EP0007697A1 (de) * 1978-06-19 1980-02-06 John Zink Company Brennersystem für gasförmige und/oder flüssige Brennstoffe mit minimaler NOx-Produktion
EP0017429A2 (de) * 1979-04-02 1980-10-15 John Zink Company Brenner mit reduzierter Stickstoffoxydbildung

Patent Citations (5)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
DE1229229B (de) * 1963-07-18 1966-11-24 Zink Co John Brenner fuer gasfoermige und fluessige Brennstoffe
US4004875A (en) * 1975-01-23 1977-01-25 John Zink Company Low nox burner
EP0006358A1 (de) * 1978-06-19 1980-01-09 John Zink Company Brenner mit reduzierter NOx-Emission und Regelung der Flammenlänge und Flammenbreite
EP0007697A1 (de) * 1978-06-19 1980-02-06 John Zink Company Brennersystem für gasförmige und/oder flüssige Brennstoffe mit minimaler NOx-Produktion
EP0017429A2 (de) * 1979-04-02 1980-10-15 John Zink Company Brenner mit reduzierter Stickstoffoxydbildung

Cited By (24)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
FR2551532A1 (fr) * 1983-09-05 1985-03-08 Steinmueller Gmbh L & C Procede pour reduire les emissions de nox lors de la combustion de combustibles contenant de l'azote
FR2625295A1 (fr) * 1987-12-24 1989-06-30 Gaz De France Procede et appareil destines a assurer la combustion etagee d'un melange combustible-comburant diminuant la production d'oxydes d'azote
EP0323299A1 (de) * 1987-12-24 1989-07-05 Gaz De France (Service National) Vorrichtung für eine Stufenverbrennung einer Brennstoff-Oxydationsmittelmischung zur Verringerung der NOx-Bildung
US4925387A (en) * 1987-12-24 1990-05-15 Philippe Locanetto Process and apparatus intended to effect staged combustion of a mixture of fuel and comburent to reduce the production of nitrogen oxides
EP0333239A2 (de) * 1988-03-16 1989-09-20 Bloom Engineering Company, Inc., Regenerativbrenner mit einer Vorrichtung zur Unterdrückung der NOx-Bildung
EP0333239A3 (de) * 1988-03-16 1990-07-18 Bloom Engineering Company, Inc., Regenerativbrenner mit einer Vorrichtung zur Unterdrückung der NOx-Bildung
GB2217829A (en) * 1988-04-05 1989-11-01 Nordsea Gas Tach Combination burner assembly
GB2217829B (en) * 1988-04-05 1992-10-21 Nordsea Gas Tach Combination burner assembly
WO1990004740A1 (en) * 1988-10-20 1990-05-03 Airoil-Flaregas Limited Improvements in burner assemblies
EP0430376A2 (de) * 1989-12-01 1991-06-05 International Flame Research Foundation Verbrennungsverfahren für Brennstoff mit gestufter Brennstoffzufuhr und Brenner dafür
EP0430376A3 (en) * 1989-12-01 1992-01-15 International Flame Research Foundation Method for the combustion of fuel by stepped fuel feed and burner for use with it
WO1992016792A1 (en) * 1991-03-15 1992-10-01 Radian Corporation Apparatus and method for combustion within porous matrix elements
EP0565196A2 (de) * 1992-04-09 1993-10-13 Shell Internationale Researchmaatschappij B.V. Vormischbrenner mit Hochgeschwindigkeits-Brennstoffstrahl und geringer NOx-Bildung
EP0565196A3 (en) * 1992-04-09 1993-12-08 Shell Int Research Premixed/high-velocity fuel jet low no x burner
EP0573300A2 (de) * 1992-06-05 1993-12-08 Nippon Furnace Kogyo Kaisha Ltd. Verbrennungsverfahren mit niedrigem NOx-Gehalt und Brennervorrichtung zur Durchführung des Verfahrens
EP0573300A3 (de) * 1992-06-05 1994-01-12 Nippon Furnace Kogyo Kaisha Ltd. Verbrennungsverfahren mit niedrigem NOx-Gehalt und Brennervorrichtung zur Durchführung des Verfahrens
US5403181A (en) * 1992-06-05 1995-04-04 Nippon Furnace Kogyo Kaisha, Ltd Method of low-NOx combustion and burner device for effecting same
US5441403A (en) * 1992-06-05 1995-08-15 Nippon Furnace Kogyo Kaisha, Ltd. Method of low-NOx combustion and burner device for effecting same
US5441404A (en) * 1993-01-29 1995-08-15 Gordan-Piatt Energy Group, Inc. Burner assembly for reducing nitrogen oxides during combustion of gaseous fuels
US5722821A (en) * 1993-01-29 1998-03-03 Gordon-Piatt Energy Group, Inc. Burner assembly for reducing nitrogen oxides during combustion of gaseous fuels
DE19923219B4 (de) * 1998-05-20 2011-05-05 Selas Heat Technology Company, LLC Bodenbrenner mit geringer NOx-Emission und Heizverfahren
US6685463B2 (en) * 1999-12-16 2004-02-03 Bloom Engineering Co., Inc. Air and fuel staged burner
US8172567B2 (en) * 2006-06-09 2012-05-08 Aga Ab Lancing of oxygen
EP3078910A1 (de) * 2015-04-08 2016-10-12 Vysoké Ucení Technické V Brne Gasbrenner mit gestufter verbrennung

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
JPS5875606A (ja) 1983-05-07
CA1212617A (en) 1986-10-14
DE3276191D1 (en) 1987-06-04
EP0076036B1 (de) 1987-04-29

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