EP0075118B1 - Installation for feeding fine-grained materials to a calcining zone - Google Patents

Installation for feeding fine-grained materials to a calcining zone Download PDF

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Publication number
EP0075118B1
EP0075118B1 EP82107649A EP82107649A EP0075118B1 EP 0075118 B1 EP0075118 B1 EP 0075118B1 EP 82107649 A EP82107649 A EP 82107649A EP 82107649 A EP82107649 A EP 82107649A EP 0075118 B1 EP0075118 B1 EP 0075118B1
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EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
duct
air duct
nozzle
air
section
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Expired
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EP82107649A
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German (de)
French (fr)
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EP0075118A1 (en
Inventor
Otto Ing. Grad. Heinemann
Heinz-Dieter Ing. Grad. Baldus
Heinz-Herbert Ing. Grad. Schmits
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ThyssenKrupp Industrial Solutions AG
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Krupp Polysius AG
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    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F27—FURNACES; KILNS; OVENS; RETORTS
    • F27B—FURNACES, KILNS, OVENS OR RETORTS IN GENERAL; OPEN SINTERING OR LIKE APPARATUS
    • F27B7/00—Rotary-drum furnaces, i.e. horizontal or slightly inclined
    • F27B7/20—Details, accessories or equipment specially adapted for rotary-drum furnaces
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
    • B01F—MIXING, e.g. DISSOLVING, EMULSIFYING OR DISPERSING
    • B01F25/00—Flow mixers; Mixers for falling materials, e.g. solid particles
    • B01F25/30—Injector mixers
    • B01F25/31—Injector mixers in conduits or tubes through which the main component flows
    • B01F25/314—Injector mixers in conduits or tubes through which the main component flows wherein additional components are introduced at the circumference of the conduit

Definitions

  • the invention relates to a device according to the preamble of claim 1.
  • a device of this type is known from EP-A-0 002 054.
  • the downward sloping part of the air line is designed as a simple cylindrical tube.
  • the prior art also includes a device for introducing fine-grained solids into an air stream (US Pat. No. 3,245,725), in which a streamlined installation body is provided in the air line, narrowing the air passage cross section, through which the solid enters the air stream is introduced.
  • the invention has for its object to provide a device of the type mentioned in the preamble of claim 1 so that the fines on the short distance available (between the confluence of the pipe and the combustion zone) is triggered properly and reliably introduced into the combustion zone.
  • the increased flow rate still prevailing at this point can also be used for the entry of the fuel.
  • the arrangement of the burner at this point also ensures that the entire length of the diffuser can be used to dissolve the fuel in the fine-air mixture.
  • a combustion zone 1 is formed by the exhaust pipe 2 of a rotary kiln (not shown).
  • the exhaust gas from this rotary kiln flows to the combustion zone 1 from below (arrow 3) and, after passing through the combustion zone 1, reaches the bottom stage of a (also not shown) multi-stage cyclone preheater (arrow 4).
  • Two lines 5, 5 ′ which are two partial lines of an air line and which are connected to a cooler connected downstream of the rotary kiln and feed the exhaust air of this cooler as so-called tertiary air to the combustion zone 1, open into the exhaust gas line 2 at approximately opposite circumferential locations.
  • the system described so far can be used in particular for the precalcination of preheated cement raw material, as is explained in detail in DE-OS 27 52 323.5.
  • the raw material preheated in the cyclone preheater is heated and largely calcined in the combustion zone 1 by the hot furnace exhaust gases and by the fuel additionally introduced via the burners 9, 9 'before it is discharged in the bottom stage of the cyclone preheater separated and fed to the rotary kiln for final firing.
  • the air lines 5, 5 'in the region of the confluence of the good line 6, 6' have a nozzle-like constriction which increases the flow velocity and which in this exemplary embodiment (FIG. 1) is in the form of a Venturi tube. Since both parts of the system arranged in mirror image are of the same design, the description of the Venturi pipe belonging to the line suffices below.
  • the venturi tube contains an inflow cone 10, a nozzle part 11 of a narrow cross section and a diffuser 12.
  • the burner 9 is arranged in the first region of the nozzle part 11 of a narrow cross section, for example in the zone of the wall of the venturi tube opposite the gutter line 6 .
  • the longitudinal axis 13 of the Venturi tube is inclined at an angle a of 20 to 70 ° with respect to the horizontal, while the pipe 6 forms an angle ⁇ of approximately 70 to 20 ° with the longitudinal axis 13 of the Venturi tube in the region of its junction.
  • the venturi tube is provided with a symmetrical inflow cone 10 and a symmetrical diffuser 12.
  • FIGS. 2 and 3 Two variants of the embodiment shown in FIG. 1 (with Venturi tube) are illustrated in FIGS. 2 and 3.
  • the Venturi tube has an asymmetrical inflow cone 10a (with a one-sided opening angle of 10 to 30 °) and a symmetrical diffuser 12a (with a half opening angle of 10 to 30 °).
  • the longitudinal axis 13a of the Venturi tube is here inclined at an angle of approximately 30 ° with respect to the horizontal.
  • the axis 14a of the burner (cf. burner 9 in FIG. 1) runs approximately horizontally.
  • the dimension b corresponds approximately to half the value of d m (diameter of the good line 6a), while the dimension d (cf. FIG. 2) is greater than 0.
  • the good line 6a forms an angle of approximately 60 ° with the longitudinal axis 13a of the venturi tube and thus runs approximately vertically.
  • the venturi tube is provided with an asymmetrical inflow cone 10b (with a one-sided opening angle from 10 to 30 °) and an asymmetrical diffuser 12b (with a one-sided opening angle from 0 to 30 °).
  • the longitudinal axis 13b of the venturi tube is inclined at an angle of 40 to 60 ° with respect to the horizontal in the area of the narrowest nozzle part.
  • the burner axis 14b also runs approximately horizontally here.
  • Gutgut 6b runs approximately vertically and thus opens into the Venturi tube at an angle of 30 to 50 °.
  • the minimum length I of the nozzle part 11 b of the narrowest cross section is approximately three times the value of the diameter d m of the good line 6b.
  • the dimension b corresponds to approximately 1/2 d m .
  • the dimension a is greater than 0.
  • the operating conditions during exemplary embodiment s D iel aezess Fia. 3 can be like folate:
  • the device can have essentially the same basic structure as was explained with reference to FIG. 1. Accordingly, the device contains a combustion zone 21, which is formed by the exhaust line 22 of a rotary kiln, not shown, the exhaust gas of which flows from below into the combustion zone 21 (arrow 23) and, after passing through this combustion zone 21, reaches the bottom stage of the multi-stage cyclone preheater, which is again not shown (Arrow 24). At opposite circumferential points of the exhaust gas line 22, two sub-lines 25, 25 ′ open, which are connected to a cooler connected downstream of the rotary kiln and whose exhaust air leads to the combustion zone 1 as tertiary air.
  • a good line 26, 26 ' (from the second lowest cyclone preheater stage) in turn opens into the lines 25, 25', the good flows through arrows 27, 27 'and the air flow into the Lines 25, 25 'are indicated by the arrows 28, 28'.
  • each air line 25, 25 ' provided in the region of the confluence of the good line 26, 26' is formed by a nozzle 30 with an adjustable double wing plate 31 .
  • the two nozzles 30 are of identical design and are arranged in mirror image to one another, so that the description of the nozzle 30 for the line 25 is sufficient in the following.
  • the nozzle 30 can have a substantially straight piece of pipe, the cross section of which can preferably be rectangular, but possibly also suitably round (circular or elliptical), but otherwise corresponds approximately to the cross-sectional size of the line 25.
  • the approximately vertical gutter 26 is connected to this straight pipe section of the nozzle 30 from above.
  • a diffuser 32 is provided between the end of the nozzle 30 adjacent to the exhaust line 22 and the combustion zone 21 or the exhaust line 22, and can be designed in the same way as is explained with reference to FIGS. 1 to 3; 8, the diffuser 32 is asymmetrical.
  • the flap wings 33 of the double-wing flap 31 lie in approximately vertical planes and can be pivoted about axes 34 which are in the same planes as the flap flaps 33 and run perpendicular to the longitudinal axis 35 of the line 25.
  • This flap wing 33 of the double wing flap 31 can be adjusted synchronously or asynchronously, depending on the need or application, either by hand or - as indicated in the drawing - with the aid of a servomotor 36 which enables automatic control or remote control.
  • the free wing end edges 33a pointing in the direction of air flow extend approximately to the area where the good line 26 opens into the nozzle 30. If one considers the plan projection according to FIG. 9, the free wing end edges 33a of the flap wings 33 are spaced apart A to the point of intersection of the longitudinal axis 26a of the good line with the longitudinal axis 35 of the air line 25, the distance A being a measure which lies between 0 and D, at most corresponding approximately to the clear diameter D of the air line 25.
  • each burner 29, 29 ' is mounted at a point slightly downwards compared to FIG. 1, in the region of the upper end of the diffuser 32 in such a way that the burner axis 29a or 29'a is the lower extension of the Longitudinal axis 35 or 35 'of the associated lines 25, 25' intersects at a point which lies at the junction of the associated air line 25, 25 'in the combustion zone 21 or exhaust gas line 22. It should be emphasized at this point that FIGS.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
  • Furnace Details (AREA)
  • Feeding, Discharge, Calcimining, Fusing, And Gas-Generation Devices (AREA)

Description

Die Erfindung betrifft eine Vorrichtung entsprechend dem Oberbegriff des Anspruches 1.The invention relates to a device according to the preamble of claim 1.

Eine Vorrichtung dieser Art ist durch die EP-A-0 002 054 bekannt. Der nach unten geneigte Teil der Luftleitung ist hierbei als einfaches zylindrisches Rohr ausgebildet.A device of this type is known from EP-A-0 002 054. The downward sloping part of the air line is designed as a simple cylindrical tube.

Im praktischen Betrieb einer derartigen Vorrichtung zeigt sich, dass die Einführung des vorgewärmten Feingutes in die die Brennzone bildende Abgasleitung Schwierigkeiten bereiten kann. Da man einerseits mit einer möglichst geringen Luftmenge und demgemäss mit einer hohen Gutbeladung des Luftstromes arbeitet und da andererseits das Feingut in Form eines verhältnismässig kompakten Materialstromes aus der Gutleitung austritt, besteht - insbesondere bei wechselnden Betriebsverhältnissen - die Gefahr, dass das Gut nicht einwandfrei vom Luftstrom erfasst wird und in einem nicht vollständig aufgelösten Zustand bzw. in ungleichmässiger Verteilung in die Brennzone gelangt. In extremen Fällen kann dies dazu führen, dass ein beträchtlicher Teil des Gutes die Brennzone nicht ordnungsgemäss durchsetzt (d.h. von den Abgasen des Drehrohrofens mit nach oben in die unterste Stufe des Zyklonvorwärmers geführt wird), sondern aus der Brennzone direkt in den Drehrohrofen fällt.The practical operation of such a device shows that the introduction of the preheated fine material into the exhaust line forming the combustion zone can be difficult. Since on the one hand you work with the smallest possible amount of air and therefore with a high load of the air flow and because on the other hand the fine material emerges from the feed line in the form of a relatively compact material flow, there is a risk - especially in changing operating conditions - that the goods are not properly removed from the air flow is detected and reaches the firing zone in a not fully resolved state or in an uneven distribution. In extreme cases, this can result in a considerable part of the material not properly passing through the combustion zone (i.e. being carried upwards by the exhaust gases from the rotary kiln to the lowest stage of the cyclone preheater), but falling directly from the combustion zone into the rotary kiln.

Zum Stand der Technik gehört weiterhin eine Vorrichtung zur Einführung von feinkörnigem Feststoff in einen Luftstrom (US-A-3 245 725), bei der in der Luftleitung ein den Luftdurchtritts-Querschnitt verengender, stromlinienförmiger Einbaukörper vorgesehen ist, durch den der Feststoff in den Luftstrom eingeführt wird.The prior art also includes a device for introducing fine-grained solids into an air stream (US Pat. No. 3,245,725), in which a streamlined installation body is provided in the air line, narrowing the air passage cross section, through which the solid enters the air stream is introduced.

Der Erfindung liegt die Aufgabe zugrunde, eine Vorrichtung der im Oberbegriff des Anspruches 1 genannten Art so auszubilden, dass das Feingut auf der kurzen zur Verfügung stehenden Wegstrecke (zwischen der Einmündung der Gutleitung und der Brennzone) einwandfrei ausgelöst und zuverlässig in die Brennzone eingeführt wird.The invention has for its object to provide a device of the type mentioned in the preamble of claim 1 so that the fines on the short distance available (between the confluence of the pipe and the combustion zone) is triggered properly and reliably introduced into the combustion zone.

Diese Aufgabe wird erfindungsgemäss durch die kennzeichnenden Merkmale des Anspruches 1 gelöst.According to the invention, this object is achieved by the characterizing features of claim 1.

Zweckmässige Ausgestaltungen der Erfindung sind Gegenstand der Unteransprüche.Appropriate embodiments of the invention are the subject of the dependent claims.

Durch die Verengung des nach unten geneigten Teiles der Luftleitung wird eine Erhöhung der Strömungsgeschwindigkeit der Luft an der Einmündung der Gutleitung erzielt, was ein sicheres Erfassen und Auflösen des Gutstromes gewährleistet. Dadurch werden die Betriebsverhältnisse vor allem auch bei Teillastbetrieb der Anlage wesentlich verbessert. Hierbei wird nämlich die im allgemeinen niedrigere Gasgeschwindigkeit in der Luftleitung durch die Verengung an der Einmündung der Gutleitung jedenfalls so weit vergrössert, dass zumindest die bei Teillast geringere Gutmenge einwandfrei erfasst und in die Brennzone transportiert wird.By narrowing the downward sloping part of the air line, an increase in the flow velocity of the air at the mouth of the good line is achieved, which ensures reliable detection and dissolution of the good flow. This significantly improves the operating conditions, especially when the system is operated at partial load. This is because the generally lower gas velocity in the air line is in any case increased to such an extent by the constriction at the mouth of the good line that at least the lower quantity of good at partial load is correctly detected and transported into the combustion zone.

Die Ausbildung eines Diffusors zwischen der Verengung und der die Brennzone bildenden Abgasleitung ergibt unmittelbar nach dem Erfassen des Gutes durch den Luftstrom eine für die vollständige Auflösung des Gutes im Luftstrom sehr erwünschte Verringerung der Strömungsgeschwindigkeit. Zugleich wird durch den Diffusor das Gut-Brennstoff-Luft-Gemisch auf einen vergrösserten Querschnitt verteilt, was die Zündverhältnisse beim unmittelbar nachfolgenden Eintritt des Gemisches in die Brennzone begünstigt.The formation of a diffuser between the constriction and the exhaust gas line forming the combustion zone immediately after the material is caught by the air flow results in a very desirable reduction in the flow velocity for the complete dissolution of the material in the air flow. At the same time, the good-fuel-air mixture is distributed over an enlarged cross section through the diffuser, which favors the ignition conditions when the mixture immediately enters the combustion zone.

Durch die Anordnung des Brenners in der Verengung oder am oberen (d.h. eintrittsseitigen) Ende des Diffusors wird die an dieser Stelle noch herrschende erhöhte Strömungsgeschwindigkeit auch für den Eintrag des Brennstoffes nutzbar gemacht. Da Anordnung des Brenners an dieser Stelle gewährleistet ferner, dass die ganze Länge des Diffusors für die Auflösung des Brennstoffes im Feingut-Luft-Gemisch nutzbar gemacht wird.By arranging the burner in the constriction or at the upper (i.e. inlet-side) end of the diffuser, the increased flow rate still prevailing at this point can also be used for the entry of the fuel. The arrangement of the burner at this point also ensures that the entire length of the diffuser can be used to dissolve the fuel in the fine-air mixture.

Einige Ausführungsbeispiele der Erfindung sind in der Zeichnung veranschaulicht. Es zeigen:

  • Fig. 1 einen Vertikalschnitt durch die für die Erfindung wesentlichen Teile einer Vorrichtung zur Wärmebehandlung von Feingut;
  • Fig. 2 und 3 Schemadarstellung von zwei Varianten der als Venturi-Rohr ausgebildeten Verengung der Luftleitung;
  • Fig. 4a bis 7b Querschnittsformen unterschiedlicher Luftleitungen;
  • Fig. 8 einen Vertikalschnitt durch eine Brennzone gemäss einer weiteren Ausführungsform der Erfindung, bei der die Verengung der Luftleitung durch eine Düse mit Doppelflügelklappe gebildet wird;
  • Fig. 9 eine Schnittansicht etwa entlang der Linie IX-IX in Fig. 8.
Some embodiments of the invention are illustrated in the drawing. Show it:
  • 1 shows a vertical section through the parts of an apparatus for the heat treatment of fine material which are essential for the invention;
  • Fig. 2 and 3 schematic representation of two variants of the constriction of the air line designed as a Venturi tube;
  • 4a to 7b cross-sectional shapes of different air lines;
  • 8 shows a vertical section through a combustion zone according to a further embodiment of the invention, in which the narrowing of the air line is formed by a nozzle with a double-wing flap;
  • 9 is a sectional view taken approximately along the line IX-IX in FIG. 8.

Im Ausführungsbeispiel gemäss Fig. 1 wird eine Brennzone 1 durch die Abgasleitung 2 eines (nicht dargestellten) Drehrohrofens gebildet. Das Abgas dieses Drehrohrofens strömt der Brennzone 1 von unten her zu (Pfeil 3) und gelangt nach Durchsetzen der Brennzone 1 zur untersten Stufe eines (gleichfalls nicht dargestellten) mehrstufigen Zyklonvorwärmers (Pfeil 4).In the exemplary embodiment according to FIG. 1, a combustion zone 1 is formed by the exhaust pipe 2 of a rotary kiln (not shown). The exhaust gas from this rotary kiln flows to the combustion zone 1 from below (arrow 3) and, after passing through the combustion zone 1, reaches the bottom stage of a (also not shown) multi-stage cyclone preheater (arrow 4).

In die Abgasleitung 2 münden an einander etwa gegenüberliegenden Umfangsstellen zwei Leitungen 5, 5' ein, die zwei Teilleitungen einer Luftleitung sind, die an einen dem Drehrohrofen nachgeschalteten Kühler angeschlossen sind und die Abluft dieses Kühlers als sog. Tertiärluft der Brennzone 1 zuführen.Two lines 5, 5 ′, which are two partial lines of an air line and which are connected to a cooler connected downstream of the rotary kiln and feed the exhaust air of this cooler as so-called tertiary air to the combustion zone 1, open into the exhaust gas line 2 at approximately opposite circumferential locations.

In die Leitungen 5, 5' mündet von oben her je eine Gutleitung 6, 6' ein, über die das aus der zweituntersten Stufe des Zyklonvorwärmers ausgetragene, vorgewärmte Gut der Brennzone 1 zugeführt wird (die Gutströme sind durch die Pfeile 7, 7' und die Luftströmung in den Leitungen 5, 5' durch die Pfeile 8, 8' gekennzeichnet).In the lines 5, 5 'a good line 6, 6' opens from above, via which the discharged from the second lowest stage of the cyclone preheater, the preheated material is fed to the combustion zone 1 (the material flows are indicated by the arrows 7, 7 'and the air flow in the lines 5, 5 'indicated by the arrows 8, 8').

In den Leitungen 5, 5' befindet sich je ein Brenner 9, 9', durch den zusätzlicher Brennstoff, der in der Brennzone 1 verbrannt wird, eingeführt wird.In the lines 5, 5 'there is a burner 9, 9', through which additional fuel which is burned in the combustion zone 1 is introduced.

Die bisher beschriebene Anlage kann insbesondere zur Vorcalcination von vorgewärmtem Zementrohmaterial dienen, wie dies im einzelnen in der DE-OS 27 52 323.5 erläutert ist. Das im Zyklonvorwärmer vorgewärmte Rohmaterial wird in der Brennzone 1 durch die heissen Ofenabgase sowie durch den über die Brenner 9, 9' zusätzlich eingeführten Brennstoff hoch erhitzt und weitgehend calciniert, ehe es in der untersten Stufe des Zyklonvorwärmers abgeschieden und dem Drehrohrofen zum Fertigbrennen zugeführt wird.The system described so far can be used in particular for the precalcination of preheated cement raw material, as is explained in detail in DE-OS 27 52 323.5. The raw material preheated in the cyclone preheater is heated and largely calcined in the combustion zone 1 by the hot furnace exhaust gases and by the fuel additionally introduced via the burners 9, 9 'before it is discharged in the bottom stage of the cyclone preheater separated and fed to the rotary kiln for final firing.

Erfindungsgemäss weisen nun die Luftleitungen 5, 5' im Bereich der Einmündung der Gutleitung 6, 6' eine die Strömungsgeschwindigkeit erhöhende, düsenartige Verengung auf, die in diesem Ausführungsbeispiel (Fig. 1) jeweils in Form eines Venturi-Rohres ausgebildet ist. Da beide spiegelbildlich angeordneten Anlagenteile gleichartig ausgebildet sind, genügt im folgenden die Beschreibung des zur Leitung gehörenden Venturi-Rohres.According to the invention, the air lines 5, 5 'in the region of the confluence of the good line 6, 6' have a nozzle-like constriction which increases the flow velocity and which in this exemplary embodiment (FIG. 1) is in the form of a Venturi tube. Since both parts of the system arranged in mirror image are of the same design, the description of the Venturi pipe belonging to the line suffices below.

Das Venturi-Rohr enthält einen Einströmkegel 10, einen Düsenteil 11 von verengtem Querschnitt sowie einen Diffusor 12. Der Brenner 9 ist im ersten Bereich des Düsenteiles 11 von verengtem Querschnitt, etwa in der Einmündung der Gutleitung 6 gegenüberliegenden Zone der Wandung des Venturi-Rohres angeordnet. Die Längsachse 13 des Venturi-Rohres ist um einen Winkel a von 20 bis 70° gegenüber der Horizontalen geneigt, während die Gutleitung 6 im Bereich ihrer Einmündung einen Winkel β von etwa 70 bis 20° mit der Längsachse 13 des Venturi-Rohres bildet.The venturi tube contains an inflow cone 10, a nozzle part 11 of a narrow cross section and a diffuser 12. The burner 9 is arranged in the first region of the nozzle part 11 of a narrow cross section, for example in the zone of the wall of the venturi tube opposite the gutter line 6 . The longitudinal axis 13 of the Venturi tube is inclined at an angle a of 20 to 70 ° with respect to the horizontal, while the pipe 6 forms an angle β of approximately 70 to 20 ° with the longitudinal axis 13 of the Venturi tube in the region of its junction.

Bei dem in Fig. 1 dargestellten Ausführungsbeispiel ist das Venturi-Rohr mit einem symmetrischen Einströmkegel 10 und einem symmetrischen Diffusor 12 versehen.In the embodiment shown in FIG. 1, the venturi tube is provided with a symmetrical inflow cone 10 and a symmetrical diffuser 12.

Zwei Ausführungsvarianten des in Fig. 1 dargestellten Ausführungsbeispieles (mit Venturi-Rohr) sind in den Fig. 2 und 3 veranschaulicht.Two variants of the embodiment shown in FIG. 1 (with Venturi tube) are illustrated in FIGS. 2 and 3.

Fig. 2 zeigt eine Variante, bei der das Venturi-Rohr einen asymmetrischen Einströmkegel 10a (mit einem einseitigen Öffnungswinkel von 10 bis 30 °) und einen symmetrischen Diffusor 12a (mit einem halben Öffnungswinkel von 10 bis 30°) aufweist. Die Längsachse 13a des Venturi-Rohres ist hier um einen Winkel von etwa 30° gegenüber der Horizontalen geneigt. Die Achse 14a des Brenners (vgl. Brenner 9 in Fig. 1) verläuft etwa horizontal.2 shows a variant in which the Venturi tube has an asymmetrical inflow cone 10a (with a one-sided opening angle of 10 to 30 °) and a symmetrical diffuser 12a (with a half opening angle of 10 to 30 °). The longitudinal axis 13a of the Venturi tube is here inclined at an angle of approximately 30 ° with respect to the horizontal. The axis 14a of the burner (cf. burner 9 in FIG. 1) runs approximately horizontally.

Das Mass b (vgl. Fig. 2) entspricht etwa dem halben Wert von dm (Durchmesser der Gutleitung 6a), während das Mass d (vgl. Fig. 2) grösser als 0 ist. Die Gutleitung 6a bildet bei diesem Ausführungsbeispiel mit der Längsachse 13a des Venturi-Rohres einen Winkel von etwa 60° und verläuft damit annähernd vertikal.The dimension b (cf. FIG. 2) corresponds approximately to half the value of d m (diameter of the good line 6a), while the dimension d (cf. FIG. 2) is greater than 0. In this exemplary embodiment, the good line 6a forms an angle of approximately 60 ° with the longitudinal axis 13a of the venturi tube and thus runs approximately vertically.

Durch die erläuterte Dimensionierung erreicht man eine optimale Auflösung des Gutes in dem durch die düsenartige Verengung beschleunigten Gasstrom.Due to the dimensioning explained, an optimal dissolution of the material in the gas flow accelerated by the nozzle-like constriction is achieved.

Bei der in Fig. 3 dargestellten weiteren Ausführungsvariante ist das Venturi-Rohr mit einem asymmetrischen Einströmkegel 10b (mit einem einseitigen Öffnungswinkel von 10 bis 30°) und einem asymmetrischen Diffusor 12b (mit einem einseitigen Öffnungswinkel von 0 bis 30°) versehen. Die Längsachse 13b des Venturi-Rohres ist im Bereich des engsten Düsenteiles um einen Winkel von 40 bis 60° gegenüber der Horizontalen geneigt. Die Brennerachse 14b verläuft auch hier etwa horizontal. Die Gutleitung 6b verläuft etwa vertikal und mündet damit unter einem Winkel von 30 bis 50° in das Venturi-Rohr ein.In the further embodiment variant shown in FIG. 3, the venturi tube is provided with an asymmetrical inflow cone 10b (with a one-sided opening angle from 10 to 30 °) and an asymmetrical diffuser 12b (with a one-sided opening angle from 0 to 30 °). The longitudinal axis 13b of the venturi tube is inclined at an angle of 40 to 60 ° with respect to the horizontal in the area of the narrowest nozzle part. The burner axis 14b also runs approximately horizontally here. Gutgut 6b runs approximately vertically and thus opens into the Venturi tube at an angle of 30 to 50 °.

Die minimale Länge I des Düsenteiles 11 b von engstem Querschnitt beträgt etwa den dreifachen Wert des Durchmessers dm der Gutleitung 6b. Das Mass b (vgl. Fig. 3) entspricht etwa 1/2 dm. Das Mass a ist grösser als 0.The minimum length I of the nozzle part 11 b of the narrowest cross section is approximately three times the value of the diameter d m of the good line 6b. The dimension b (see FIG. 3) corresponds to approximately 1/2 d m . The dimension a is greater than 0.

Die Betriebsverhältnisse beim Ausführungsbei- sDiel aemäss Fia. 3 können etwa wie folat sein:

Figure imgb0001
The operating conditions during exemplary embodiment s D iel aemäss Fia. 3 can be like folate:
Figure imgb0001

In den Fig. 4a bis 7b sind einige Ausführungsbeispiele von Querschnittsformen des Venturi-Rohres veranschaulicht.

  • Fig. 4a zeigt einen kreisförmigen Querschnitt, Fig. 4b einen kreisabschnittförmigen Querschnitt mit ebenem Boden. Diese Ausführung ergibt ein einfaches und stabiles Mauerwerk, wobei keine Verrippung der Blechrohrleitung erforderlich ist.
  • Fig. 5a zeigt einen elliptischen Querschnitt des Venturi-Rohres, Fig. 5b einen abgeschnitten-elliptischen Querschnitt mit ebenem Boden. Mit einer solchen Ausführung lassen sich Anschlüsse an schmale Gaskanäle durchführen, wobei auch hier keine Verrippung der Blechrohrleitung erforderlich ist.
  • Fig. 6a zeigt einen rechteckförmigen Querschnitt, Fig. 6b einen auf der Oberseite leicht gerundeten Rechteck-Querschnitt. Eine solche Ausführung eignet sich wegen ihrer Einfachheit vor allem für kleinere Anlagen.
  • Fig. 7a und 7b zeigen zwei Varianten von Venturi-Rohren mit prismatischem Querschnitt. Der ebene Boden begünstigt dabei das Auflösen von durchgefallenem Feingut, was vor allem für den Anfahrbetrieb wichtig ist, bei dem noch keine Tertiärluft durch das Venturi-Rohr strömt.
4a to 7b illustrate some exemplary embodiments of cross-sectional shapes of the venturi tube.
  • FIG. 4a shows a circular cross section, FIG. 4b shows a circular cross section with a flat bottom. This design results in simple and stable masonry, with no ribbing of the sheet metal pipeline being necessary.
  • Fig. 5a shows an elliptical cross section of the Venturi tube, Fig. 5b shows a cut-off elliptical cross section with a flat bottom. With such a design, connections to narrow gas ducts can be made, whereby ribbing of the sheet metal pipeline is also not necessary here.
  • FIG. 6a shows a rectangular cross section, FIG. 6b shows a rectangular cross section slightly rounded on the top. Because of its simplicity, such a design is particularly suitable for smaller systems.
  • 7a and 7b show two variants of venturi tubes with a prismatic cross section. The level floor favors the dissolving of fine material that has fallen through, which is particularly important for start-up operation, in which no tertiary air flows through the Venturi tube.

Anhand der Fig. 8 und 9 sei nun ein weiteres Ausführungsbeispiel erläutert, bei der die Vorrichtung im wesentlichen den gleichen Grundaufbau besitzen kann, wie er anhand der Fig. 1 erläutert worden ist. Demnach enthält die Vorrichtung eine Brennzone 21, die durch die Abgasleitung 22 eines nicht dargestellten Drehrohrofens gebildet wird, dessen Abgas von unten her in die Brennzone 21 strömt (Pfeil 23) und nach Durchsetzen dieser Brennzone 21 zur untersten Stufe des wiederum nicht dargestellten mehrstufigen Zyklonvorwärmers gelangt (Pfeil 24). An einander gegenüberliegenden Umfangsstellen der Abgasleitung 22 münden zwei Teilleitungen 25, 25' ein, die an einen dem Drehrohrofen nachgeschalteten Kühler angeschlossen sind und dessen Abluft als Tertiärluft der Brennzone 1 führen.Another exemplary embodiment will now be explained with reference to FIGS. 8 and 9, in which the device can have essentially the same basic structure as was explained with reference to FIG. 1. Accordingly, the device contains a combustion zone 21, which is formed by the exhaust line 22 of a rotary kiln, not shown, the exhaust gas of which flows from below into the combustion zone 21 (arrow 23) and, after passing through this combustion zone 21, reaches the bottom stage of the multi-stage cyclone preheater, which is again not shown (Arrow 24). At opposite circumferential points of the exhaust gas line 22, two sub-lines 25, 25 ′ open, which are connected to a cooler connected downstream of the rotary kiln and whose exhaust air leads to the combustion zone 1 as tertiary air.

Von oben her mündet wiederum je eine Gutleitung 26, 26' (von der zweituntersten Zykionvorwärmerstufe) in die Leitungen 25, 25' ein, wobei die Gutströme durch Pfeile 27, 27' und die Luftströmung in den Leitungen 25, 25' durch die Pfeile 28, 28' angegeben sind.From the top, a good line 26, 26 '(from the second lowest cyclone preheater stage) in turn opens into the lines 25, 25', the good flows through arrows 27, 27 'and the air flow into the Lines 25, 25 'are indicated by the arrows 28, 28'.

Auch in den Leitungen 25, 25' befindet sich je ein Brenner 29, 29', durch den zusätzlicher Brennstoff eingeführt wird, der in der Brennzone 21 verbrannt wird.There is also a burner 29, 29 'in each of the lines 25, 25', through which additional fuel is introduced, which is burned in the combustion zone 21.

Auch diese Anlage gemäss Fig. 8 dient insbesondere für die Vorcalcination von vorgewärmtem Zementrohmaterial, wie es weiter oben anhand der Fig. 1 erläutert worden ist.8 also serves in particular for the precalcination of preheated cement raw material, as has been explained above with reference to FIG. 1.

Im Gegensatz zu der Ausführungsform gemäss Fig. 1 wird bei diesem Ausführungsbeispiel gemäss den Fig. 8 und 9, die im Bereich der Einmündung der Gutleitung 26, 26' vorgesehene düsenartige Verengung jeder Luftleitung 25, 25' durch eine Düse 30 mit verstellbarer Doppelflügelplatte 31 gebildet. Die beiden Düsen 30 sind gleichartig ausgebildet und spiegelbildlich zueinander angeordnet, so dass im folgenden die Beschreibung der Düse 30 für die Leitung 25 genügt.In contrast to the embodiment according to FIG. 1, in this embodiment according to FIGS. 8 and 9, the nozzle-like narrowing of each air line 25, 25 'provided in the region of the confluence of the good line 26, 26' is formed by a nozzle 30 with an adjustable double wing plate 31 . The two nozzles 30 are of identical design and are arranged in mirror image to one another, so that the description of the nozzle 30 for the line 25 is sufficient in the following.

Die Düse 30 kann ein im wesentlichen gerades Rohrstück aufweisen, dessen Querschnitt vorzugsweise rechteckig, gegebenenfalls jedoch auch in geeigneter Weise rund (kreisförmig oder elliptisch) sein kann, ansonsten aber etwa der Querschnittsgrösse der Leitung 25 entspricht. An dieses gerade Rohrstück der Düse 30 ist die etwa vertikal verlaufende Gutleitung 26 von oben her angeschlossen. Zwischen dem der Abgasleitung 22 benachbarten Ende der Düse 30 und der Brennzone 21 bzw. der Abgasleitung 22 ist auch in diesem Falle ein Diffusor 32 vorgesehen, der in gleicher Weise ausgebildet sein kann, wie es anhand der Fig. 1 bis 3 erläutert ist; in Fig. 8 ist der Diffusor 32 asymmetrisch ausgebildet.The nozzle 30 can have a substantially straight piece of pipe, the cross section of which can preferably be rectangular, but possibly also suitably round (circular or elliptical), but otherwise corresponds approximately to the cross-sectional size of the line 25. The approximately vertical gutter 26 is connected to this straight pipe section of the nozzle 30 from above. In this case too, a diffuser 32 is provided between the end of the nozzle 30 adjacent to the exhaust line 22 and the combustion zone 21 or the exhaust line 22, and can be designed in the same way as is explained with reference to FIGS. 1 to 3; 8, the diffuser 32 is asymmetrical.

Die Klappenflügel 33 der Doppelflügelklappe 31 liegen in etwa vertikalen Ebenen und können dabei um Achsen 34 geschwenkt werden, die in den gleichen Ebenen wie die Klappenflügel 33 liegen und senkrecht zur Längsachse 35 der Leitung 25 verlaufen. Diese Klappenflügel 33 der Doppelflügelklappe 31 können je nach Bedarf oder Einsatzfall synchron oder asynchron verstellt werden, und zwar entweder von Hand oder - wie in der Zeichnung angedeutet - mit Hilfe eines Stellmotors 36, der eine automatische Regelung bzw. Fernbedienung ermöglicht.The flap wings 33 of the double-wing flap 31 lie in approximately vertical planes and can be pivoted about axes 34 which are in the same planes as the flap flaps 33 and run perpendicular to the longitudinal axis 35 of the line 25. This flap wing 33 of the double wing flap 31 can be adjusted synchronously or asynchronously, depending on the need or application, either by hand or - as indicated in the drawing - with the aid of a servomotor 36 which enables automatic control or remote control.

Die in Luftströmungsrichtung (vgl. Pfeil 28) weisenden freien Flügelendkanten 33a reichen bis etwa in den Bereich der Einmündung der Gutleitung 26 in die Düse 30. Betrachtet man dabei die Grundrissprojektion gemäss Fig. 9, dann weisen die freien Flügelendkanten 33a der Klappenflügel 33 einen Abstand A zu dem Schnittpunkt der Längsachse 26a der Gutleitung mit der Längsachse 35 der Luftleitung 25 auf, wobei der Abstand A ein Mass ist, das zwischen 0 und D liegt, als höchstens etwa dem lichten Durchmesser D der Luftleitung 25 entspricht.The free wing end edges 33a pointing in the direction of air flow (see arrow 28) extend approximately to the area where the good line 26 opens into the nozzle 30. If one considers the plan projection according to FIG. 9, the free wing end edges 33a of the flap wings 33 are spaced apart A to the point of intersection of the longitudinal axis 26a of the good line with the longitudinal axis 35 of the air line 25, the distance A being a measure which lies between 0 and D, at most corresponding approximately to the clear diameter D of the air line 25.

Die sonstige Anordnung der Teilleitungen 25, 25' sowie deren Zusammenordnung mit der Abgasleitung 22 und den zugehörigen Gutleitungen 26, 26' können den obigen Beispielen gemäss Fig. 1 bis 3 entsprechen. Dies gilt im Prinzip auch für die Anordnung der Brenner 29, 29' an den Leitungen 25, 25'. In Fig. 8 ist jedoch jeder Brenner 29, 29' an einer gegenüber Fig. 1 leicht nach unten versetzten Stelle, und zwar im Bereich des oberen Endes des Diffusors 32 so angebracht, dass die Brennerachse 29a bzw. 29'a die untere Verlängerung der Längsachse 35 bzw. 35' der zugehörigen Leitungen 25, 25' an einem Punkt schneidet, der an der Einmündungsstelle der zugehörigen Luftleitung 25, 25' in die Brennzone 21 bzw. Abgasleitung 22 liegt. Es sei an dieser Stelle betont, dass die Fig. 1 und 8 Anordnungen für die Einmündungen der Brenner 9, 9' bzw. 29, 29' in die zugehörigen Leitungen 5, 5' bzw. 25, 25' Bereiche zeigen, zwischen denen die günstigsten Anordnungsmöglichkeiten für die genannten Brenner liegen, um den Brennstoff für die Vorcalcinierung - zusammen mit dem vorgewärmten Gut - in die Brennzone 21 einzubringen.The other arrangement of the partial lines 25, 25 'and their arrangement with the exhaust line 22 and the associated good lines 26, 26' can correspond to the above examples according to FIGS. 1 to 3. In principle, this also applies to the arrangement of the burners 29, 29 'on the lines 25, 25'. In FIG. 8, however, each burner 29, 29 'is mounted at a point slightly downwards compared to FIG. 1, in the region of the upper end of the diffuser 32 in such a way that the burner axis 29a or 29'a is the lower extension of the Longitudinal axis 35 or 35 'of the associated lines 25, 25' intersects at a point which lies at the junction of the associated air line 25, 25 'in the combustion zone 21 or exhaust gas line 22. It should be emphasized at this point that FIGS. 1 and 8 show arrangements for the junctions of the burners 9, 9 'and 29, 29' in the associated lines 5, 5 'and 25, 25' areas between which the The cheapest arrangement options for the burners mentioned are to bring the fuel for the pre-calcination - together with the preheated material - into the combustion zone 21.

Claims (13)

1. Apparatus for heat treatment of fine material, especially cement raw material, comprising
a) a multi-stage cyclone preheater,
b) a rotary kiln,
c) an exhaust gas duct (2, 22) connecting said rotary kiln with the lowest stage of said cyclone preheater and forming a combustion zone (1,21) for precalcining the prehated fine material,
d) a cooler arranged after said rotary kiln,
e) an air duct (5, 5', 25, 25') connecting said cooler with said combustion zone (1, 21), the part of said air duct opening into said exhaust gas duct (2, 22) being inclined downwardly - in the direction of gas flow - with respect to a horizontal plane,
f) a material duct (6, 6', 26, 26') connected with the second stage - from below - of the cyclone preheater which opens into the downwardly inclined part of said air duct (5, 5', 25, 25') at the periphery of said air duct,
g) a burner (9, 9', 29, 29') for the combustion of solid, liquid or gaseous fuel, said burner being provided in the downwardly inclined part of said air duct (5, 5', 25, 25'),
characterised by the following feature:
h) the downwardly inclined part of said air duct (5, 5', 25, 25') is provided with a nozzle portion (11, 30) increasing the air velocity at the point where the material duct (6, 6', 26, 26') opens into the gas duct,
i) the air duct (5, 5', 25, 25') is formed as a diffusor (12a, 12b, 32) between the nozzle portion (11, 30) and the exhaust gas duct (2, 22) forming the combustion zone (1, 21)
j) the burner (9, 9', 29, 29') is provided in the nozzle portion (11) or at the upper end of the diffuser (32).
2. Apparatus according claim 1, characterised in that the downwardly inclined part of the air duct (5) comprises a Venturi tube with an inlet cone (10), a nozzle part forming the nozzle portion (11) and a diffuser (12).
3. Apparatus according claim 2, characterised in that the Venturi tube has a symmetrical inlet cone (10) with a half angular aperture of 10 to 30°.
4. Apparatus according claim 2, characterised in that the Venturi tube has an asymmetrical inlet cone (10a, 1 Ob) with a single-sided angular aperture of 10 to 30°.
5. Apparatus according claim 1, characterised in that the nozzle portion of the air duct (25) is formed by a nozzle (30) with an adjustable double-flap valve (31
6. Apparatus according claim 1, characterised in that a symmetrical diffuser (12a) with a half angular aperture of 10 to 30° is provided.
7. Apparatus according claim 1, characterised in that an asymmetrical diffuser (12b) with a single-sided angular aperture of 0 to 30° is provided.
8. Apparatus according claim 1, characterised in that the Venturi tube has a circular cross-section, a cross-section in the form of a circular segment wit a flat base, an elliptical cross-section, a cut-off elliptical cross-section with a flat base, a rectangular cross-section or a prismatic cross-section.
9. Apparatus according claim 1, characterised in that the longitudinal axis of the nozzle portion is inclined by an angle of 20 to 70° relative to the horizontal and the material duct forms an angle of 70 to 20° with a longitudinal axis of the nozzle portion in the region of its junction.
10. Apparatus according claim 5, characterised in that the nozzle forming the nozzle portion (30) has a substantially straight pipe section with a rectangular or round cross-section and the free ends (33a) of the flaps of the double-flap valve (31) pointing in the direction of air flow (28) extend approximately into the region where the material duct (26) opens into the nozzle.
11. Apparatus according claim 10, characterised in that - viewed in the plan projection - the distance (A) between the point of intersection of the longitudinal axis (26a) of the material duct and the longitudinal axis (35) of the air duct and the free ends (33a) of the flap of the double-flap valve (31) pointing in the direction of air flow (28) correspond at most approximately to the diameter (D) of the air duct (25).
12. Apparatus according claim 2, characterised in that the burner (9) is arranged in the first region of the nozzle part forming the narrowing and preferably in the zone of the wall of the Venturi tube opposite the junction with the material duct (6).
13. Apparatus according claim 1, characterised in that the air duct (5) is dimensioned so that the rate of flow of the air in the region of the nozzle-like narrowing is 20 to 40 m/s.
EP82107649A 1981-09-16 1982-08-20 Installation for feeding fine-grained materials to a calcining zone Expired EP0075118B1 (en)

Applications Claiming Priority (4)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
DE3136766 1981-09-16
DE3136766 1981-09-16
DE3147374 1981-11-30
DE19813147374 DE3147374A1 (en) 1981-09-16 1981-11-30 "DEVICE FOR INTRODUCING FINE GOODS INTO A COMBUSTION ZONE"

Publications (2)

Publication Number Publication Date
EP0075118A1 EP0075118A1 (en) 1983-03-30
EP0075118B1 true EP0075118B1 (en) 1985-11-06

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Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
EP82107649A Expired EP0075118B1 (en) 1981-09-16 1982-08-20 Installation for feeding fine-grained materials to a calcining zone

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US (1) US4464112A (en)
EP (1) EP0075118B1 (en)
BR (1) BR8205409A (en)
DE (2) DE3147374A1 (en)
ES (1) ES515742A0 (en)
GR (1) GR78051B (en)

Families Citing this family (8)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
DE3436687A1 (en) * 1984-10-05 1986-04-10 Krupp Polysius Ag, 4720 Beckum DEVICE FOR HEAT TREATMENT OF FINE GOODS
DE3442806A1 (en) * 1984-11-23 1986-06-05 Krupp Polysius Ag, 4720 Beckum DEVICE FOR EXCHANGING HEAT BETWEEN GAS AND FINE-GRAINED GOODS
DE19917310A1 (en) * 1999-04-16 2000-10-19 Krupp Polysius Ag Material treatment equipment, especially for cement raw material calcination, has a flow diversion chamber with an impact wall transverse to material flow entering from a rising pipe branch
US6696116B2 (en) * 1999-10-26 2004-02-24 Cary Bigman Device and method for flowing pellets
DE10155407B4 (en) * 2001-11-10 2010-02-18 Khd Humboldt Wedag Gmbh Method and apparatus for introducing solid, flyable fuel into the calciner of a cement production line
JP6396433B2 (en) * 2014-04-14 2018-10-03 太平洋エンジニアリング株式会社 Powder disperser
CN111349470B (en) * 2018-12-24 2021-04-13 国家能源投资集团有限责任公司 Burner and gasification furnace with same
CN111349469B (en) * 2018-12-24 2021-04-23 国家能源投资集团有限责任公司 Burner, feeding device, gasification furnace and gasification system

Family Cites Families (8)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CH83684A (en) * 1918-12-07 1920-01-16 Henri Quiby Process for the continuous production of chemical reactions between fine particulate solid bodies and fluid bodies
FR524611A (en) * 1920-03-24 1921-09-08 Charles Candlot Improvements to rotary kilns
US3245725A (en) * 1963-11-07 1966-04-12 Phillips Petroleum Co Solids handling
FR1491215A (en) * 1965-09-21 1967-08-11 Bertin & Cie Improvements to ejectors-mixers or tubes
JPS5347497Y2 (en) * 1974-02-19 1978-11-14
GB1506733A (en) * 1974-03-29 1978-04-12 Lafarge Sa Method of treating raw material for producing cement
DE2752323A1 (en) * 1977-11-23 1979-06-07 Polysius Ag METHOD AND INSTALLATION FOR THE HEAT TREATMENT OF FINE GRAIN GOODS
US4310299A (en) * 1980-05-05 1982-01-12 Coen Company, Inc. Method for firing a rotary kiln with pulverized solid fuel

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
BR8205409A (en) 1983-08-23
DE3267302D1 (en) 1985-12-12
GR78051B (en) 1984-09-26
ES8306404A1 (en) 1983-06-01
DE3147374A1 (en) 1983-03-24
EP0075118A1 (en) 1983-03-30
ES515742A0 (en) 1983-06-01
US4464112A (en) 1984-08-07

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