EP0074567A1 - Axially movable electrode holder for use in fused salt electrolysis - Google Patents
Axially movable electrode holder for use in fused salt electrolysis Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- EP0074567A1 EP0074567A1 EP82108049A EP82108049A EP0074567A1 EP 0074567 A1 EP0074567 A1 EP 0074567A1 EP 82108049 A EP82108049 A EP 82108049A EP 82108049 A EP82108049 A EP 82108049A EP 0074567 A1 EP0074567 A1 EP 0074567A1
- Authority
- EP
- European Patent Office
- Prior art keywords
- electrode holder
- holder according
- contact points
- segments
- electrode
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Granted
Links
Images
Classifications
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H05—ELECTRIC TECHNIQUES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- H05B—ELECTRIC HEATING; ELECTRIC LIGHT SOURCES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS FOR ELECTRIC LIGHT SOURCES, IN GENERAL
- H05B7/00—Heating by electric discharge
- H05B7/02—Details
- H05B7/10—Mountings, supports, terminals or arrangements for feeding or guiding electrodes
- H05B7/101—Mountings, supports or terminals at head of electrode, i.e. at the end remote from the arc
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C25—ELECTROLYTIC OR ELECTROPHORETIC PROCESSES; APPARATUS THEREFOR
- C25C—PROCESSES FOR THE ELECTROLYTIC PRODUCTION, RECOVERY OR REFINING OF METALS; APPARATUS THEREFOR
- C25C3/00—Electrolytic production, recovery or refining of metals by electrolysis of melts
- C25C3/06—Electrolytic production, recovery or refining of metals by electrolysis of melts of aluminium
- C25C3/08—Cell construction, e.g. bottoms, walls, cathodes
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C25—ELECTROLYTIC OR ELECTROPHORETIC PROCESSES; APPARATUS THEREFOR
- C25C—PROCESSES FOR THE ELECTROLYTIC PRODUCTION, RECOVERY OR REFINING OF METALS; APPARATUS THEREFOR
- C25C7/00—Constructional parts, or assemblies thereof, of cells; Servicing or operating of cells
- C25C7/02—Electrodes; Connections thereof
- C25C7/025—Electrodes; Connections thereof used in cells for the electrolysis of melts
Definitions
- the invention relates to an axially displaceable electrode holder for use in melt flow electrolysis made of metal, in particular copper or copper alloy for active parts made of consumable or slowly consumable material, which can be attached by a screw nipple or the like, the electrode holder being a cooling device with a flow channel and a return channel and at least partially, preferably in its lower area, can have a protective coating and a contact arrangement is provided on its outer surface, via which the electrode holder can be detachably connected to the power supply, and its use.
- combination electrodes which consist of an electrode holder with an attached active part made of carbon material, for operation in melt flow electrolysis is known.
- the one made of metal or Electrode holders made of alloys are not only used for mechanical fastening of the active part, but also as a power supply.
- DE-OS 24 25 136 describes an electrode for melt flow electrolysis which has an upper metallic electrode holder, for example a so-called Thermax rod. Electrode sections made of oxide ceramic are attached to its lower part. There is largely no comment on the special design of the electrode holder.
- OE-PS 339 061 already describes electrodes for the melt flow electrolysis of aluminum oxide, in which the metal shaft of the electrode holder holding the active part is provided with channels for the passage of gas.
- the targeted flow around the electrode with protective gas is intended to counteract the corrosive influence of contaminants in the melt.
- the present invention has for its object to provide an electrode holder of the type mentioned, which allows the power supply in a simple manner and has a large axial displacement during furnace operation with high operational reliability.
- the electrode holder should be held in spite of the required clamping forces without damaging the metallic jacket surface and should be able to be handled safely during operation.
- an electrode holder of the type mentioned at the outset which is characterized in that a plurality of electrical and / or mechanical contact points made of pressure-resistant material are detachably attached to the electrode holder and extend over at least part of the range of the axial displacement of the Extend electrode holder.
- the pressure-resistant material used according to the invention is preferably graphite or graphite-containing composite materials. However, it is also possible to use other pressure-resistant contact materials which, in addition to the required excellent conductivity, have high temperature resistance.
- contact point designates a possible current transition area which is approximately the width or more of the usually in the. Arc furnace operation in the electrical steel production used holding jaws of clamping devices, which also serve as a power supply.
- axial displacement of the electrode holder denotes the stroke distance that the electrode has to be adjusted, e.g. within the melt to reduce the consumption of the active part, insofar as this is consumable, except for a remaining "safety remnant” e.g. a size of about 0.4 to 0.7 m, with an approximately constant arc distance.
- This definition therefore refers in particular to the furnace operation, in which consumable active parts are used.
- the electrode holder according to the invention, it has at least two discrete, mutually separated contact points.
- the electrode holder it is also possible for the electrode holder to be subjected to a continuous sequence of contact points.
- the contact points preferably represent rings, half-shells or segments made of highly conductive material which are in contact with the metal jacket surface, the individual segments in turn being able to produce ring switching.
- circular segments of approximately 120 of the circumference of the water-cooled metal shaft, etc., can be used, so that in this case a circumferential ring which forms the contact point is formed by three such segments.
- the elements forming the contact points lie snugly against the outer surface of the electrode.
- an intermediate, highly conductive, possibly deformable, material is provided between the detachably placed contact points and the metal jacket surface, which material can serve as a contact improver and at the same time "buffer substance" in the event of possible electrode vibrations or mechanical stress.
- the contact points are in the upper region of the Sheathed surface of the electrode holder arranged that a power supply is possible approximately over the area of the upper third of the electrode holder. It is particularly preferred if the current supply can take place over the area of the upper half of the electrode holder, the contact points then being arranged in this area of the upper half or surrounding the upper half of the lateral surface of the metal shaft continuously or discontinuously.
- a length of 0.6 to 2.5 m, preferably 0.8 to 1.8 m, is covered continuously or semi-continuously in the upper region of the electrode holder, so that this region can be used completely as a holding and contact zone.
- Cut-outs in the center of the individual contact segments are advantageously provided with recesses into which the conductive cover elements can be introduced in a simple manner.
- the same material is usually used for the contact segment and cover. This is pressure-resistant, highly electrically conductive and preferably also resistant to high temperatures, but it may also be desirable to design the covers from less highly conductive material (in comparison to the actual contact points) so that they do not become preferred current paths in the event of current flashovers.
- At least two contact points are placed in the upper region of the lateral surface, the middle of two arranged one below the other wide contact jaws is shifted by about 0.5 to 0.9 m against each other.
- connection points between the outer surface of the electrode holder and the segments forming the contact points may be preferred.
- Corresponding sealing compounds are known, reference being made to carbon-containing compounds only by way of example.
- the design according to the invention enables the electrode holder to absorb the electrical current over a considerable area of its metallic outer surface, the current supply line often being combined with the mechanical fastening of the electrode holder. Since the internally cooled metal shaft of the electrode holder can thereby be exposed to considerable pressure, it has proven to be particularly advantageous if the electrode holder is supported at least in the area of the contact points by internal, mechanically resistant struts which counteract mechanical deformation of the electrode holder by holding or power supply elements .
- These struts can be formed, for example, from high-strength tubes, steel rods, etc.
- the struts can be conveniently attached to the internal cooling pipes, be it the inlet or the return duct or both.
- the struts can be led directly to the inner lateral surface of the metal shaft or can also keep a certain small distance therefrom, so that a limited deformation of the metal shaft is possible.
- the struts made of high-strength, hard material By attaching the struts made of high-strength, hard material, the mechanically less good properties of the highly conductive copper or alloys thereof, which usually form the jacket of the electrode holder, can be compensated for.
- the electrode holder According to a preferred embodiment of the electrode holder according to the invention, its lower region following the contact points is surrounded by high-temperature resistant protective elements. These protect the electrode holder against heat, which should lead to the melting of the holder metal. Such exposure to heat can e.g. due to slag splashes occurring in the bath, short circuits, etc.
- the protective elements advantageously consist of high-temperature-resistant, electrically conductive material.
- two broad contact points which are axially offset from one another, are followed in the lower region of the electrode holder by a series of protective segments, the fastenings of which are possibly covered by conductive covers, the last protective ring applied at the lower end of the electrode holder an internal thread is screwed directly onto the Maritel surface.
- protective elements or protective segments reference is made to the applicant's German patent application P 31 02 776.8, the complete content of which in this regard is also to be considered as introduced.
- the contact points on the one hand and the protective elements on the other hand are essentially flush with one another. This enables the electrode holder to be moved axially in a particularly flexible manner.
- the electrode holder can for hospital external power supply over a considerable portion of its length to move axially without constructive amendments g s are required.
- the consumption of the active part can be continuously compensated for due to the easy axial displacement of the electrode holder during melting furnace operation. It is also not necessary to make the length of the electrode holder relatively short compared to that of the active part, since the heat protection provided in the lower region of the electrode holder allows it to be at least partially introduced into the furnace atmosphere itself. This makes it large even dimensioned melting furnaces possible to keep the length of the active part in the optimal range.
- the electrode holder can be largely offset axially by a suitable design of the electrode holder. As a result, it is also possible to avoid too frequent nippling processes, each of which necessitates an interruption in operation.
- the inventive design of the electrode holder also makes it possible to use normal lengths of graphite electrodes as active parts. These can be, for example, in the range from 1.8 to 2.2 m in length, to which residual pieces of the previously used electrode can be nippled, for example in the range from 0.4 to 0.8 m in length.
- the electrode holders according to the invention have a special application for high-temperature processes.
- Applications of the electrode holder according to the invention are particularly suitable for the extraction of metals by melt flow electrolysis.
- the contact points, as well as any protective elements present are locked in a gas-tight and / or liquid-tight manner in the lower region of the electrode holder. This can be done with high temperature resistant putties etc.
- Fig. 1 the contact points 1 surrounding the lateral surface 2 of the electrode holder are clearly visible. These are two contact points that are discretely separated from one another and are axially offset from one another. They are placed on the lateral surface 2 in the middle and above and below by holding elements 3. Inside the electrode holder, cooling tubes 4 and 5 are designated, which receive the inlet and outlet of the cooling medium. As such, for example, water, gas, such as air, argon, but also liquid metal (eg sodium) serve. Protective segments 7 follow in the lower region of the electrode holder, the last protective segment 8 being screwed onto the lateral surface 2 of the metal shaft with an internal thread. The electrode holder is screwed to the active part 9 via a nipple 6.
- FIG. 2 schematically shows the formation of an individual segment 7, the sequence and attachment of which can be seen from FIG. 3.
Landscapes
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Materials Engineering (AREA)
- Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
- Electrochemistry (AREA)
- Metallurgy (AREA)
- Organic Chemistry (AREA)
- Plasma & Fusion (AREA)
- Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
- Electrolytic Production Of Metals (AREA)
- Electrodes For Compound Or Non-Metal Manufacture (AREA)
- Lining Or Joining Of Plastics Or The Like (AREA)
- Vertical, Hearth, Or Arc Furnaces (AREA)
- Furnace Details (AREA)
- Electrolytic Production Of Non-Metals, Compounds, Apparatuses Therefor (AREA)
Abstract
Description
Die Erfindung betrifft einen axial verschiebbaren Elektrodenhalter zum Einsatz bei der Schmelzflusselektrolyse aus Metall, insbesondere Kupfer bzw. Kupferlegierung für Aktivteile aus sich verbrauchendem bzw. langsam sich verbrauchendem Material, die durch.einen Schraubnippel oder dergleichen anfügbar sind, wobei der Elektrodenhalter eine Kühleinrichtung mit einem Vorlaufkanal und einem Rücklaufkanal und zumindest teilweise, vorzugsweise in seinem unteren Bereich, einen Schutzüberzug aufweisen kann und an seiner Mantelfläche eine Kontaktanordnung vorgesehen ist, über die der Elektrodenhalter an die Stromzuführung lösbar anschliessbar ist, sowie dessen Anwendung.The invention relates to an axially displaceable electrode holder for use in melt flow electrolysis made of metal, in particular copper or copper alloy for active parts made of consumable or slowly consumable material, which can be attached by a screw nipple or the like, the electrode holder being a cooling device with a flow channel and a return channel and at least partially, preferably in its lower area, can have a protective coating and a contact arrangement is provided on its outer surface, via which the electrode holder can be detachably connected to the power supply, and its use.
Der Einsatz von Kombinationselektroden, die aus einem Elektrodenhalter mit angefügtem Aktivteil aus Kohlenstoffmaterial bestehen, für den Betrieb bei der Schmelzflusselektrolyse ist bekannt. Der aus Metall oder Legierungen bestehende Elektrodenhalter dient nicht nur zur mechanischen Befestigung des Aktivteils, sondern auch als Stromzuführung. So ist in der DE-OS 24 25 136 eine Elektrode für die Schmelzflusselektrolyse beschrieben, die einen oberen metallischen Elektrodenhalter, z.B. einen sogenannten Thermaxstab, aufweist. An dessen unterem Teil sind Elektrodenabschnitte aus Oxidkeramik angebracht. Ausführungen über die spezielle Ausbildung des Elektrodenhalters fehlen weitgehend.The use of combination electrodes, which consist of an electrode holder with an attached active part made of carbon material, for operation in melt flow electrolysis is known. The one made of metal or Electrode holders made of alloys are not only used for mechanical fastening of the active part, but also as a power supply. For example, DE-OS 24 25 136 describes an electrode for melt flow electrolysis which has an upper metallic electrode holder, for example a so-called Thermax rod. Electrode sections made of oxide ceramic are attached to its lower part. There is largely no comment on the special design of the electrode holder.
In der OE-PS 339 061 sind bereits Elektroden für die Schmelzflusselektrolyse von Aluminiumoxid beschrieben, bei denen der Metallschaft des das Aktivteil haltenden Elektrodenhalters mit Kanälen zur Durchleitung von Gas versehen ist. Durch die gezielte Umströmung, der Elektrode mit Schutzgas soll dem korrodierenden Einfluss von Verunreinigungen in der Schmelze entgegengewirkt werden.OE-PS 339 061 already describes electrodes for the melt flow electrolysis of aluminum oxide, in which the metal shaft of the electrode holder holding the active part is provided with channels for the passage of gas. The targeted flow around the electrode with protective gas is intended to counteract the corrosive influence of contaminants in the melt.
Schliesslich ist durch die Anmelderin in der europäischen Patentanmeldung 80 106 580.6 bereits vorgeschlagen worden, an der äusseren Mantelfläche des Elektrodenhalters Anschlussbacken vorzusehen, die über Taschenhalterungen befestigt sein können. Eine derartige Kontaktstelle in einer Länge von ca. 0,2 bis 0,5 m am oberen Endteil des Metallschaftes ergibt zwar Vorteile, führt aber noch nicht in allen Fällen zu der gewünschten Einsatzflexibilität der Elektrode.Finally, it has already been proposed by the applicant in European patent application 80 106 580.6 to provide connecting jaws on the outer surface of the electrode holder, which can be fastened via pocket holders. Such a contact point with a length of approx. 0.2 to 0.5 m at the upper end part of the metal shaft gives advantages, but does not in all cases lead to the desired flexibility of use of the electrode.
Der vorliegenden Erfindung liegt die Aufgabe zugrunde, einen Elektrodenhalter der eingangs genannten Art zu schaffen, der die Stromzuführung auf einfache Weise gestattet und eine weitgehende axiale Verschiebbarkeit beim Schmelzofenbetrieb bei hoher Betriebs- sicherheit aufweist. Insbesondere soll der Elektrodenhalter trotz der erforderlichen Klemmkräfte ohne Beschädigung der metallischen Mantelfläche gehalten und im laufenden Betrieb sicher handhabbar sein.The present invention has for its object to provide an electrode holder of the type mentioned, which allows the power supply in a simple manner and has a large axial displacement during furnace operation with high operational reliability. In particular, the electrode holder should be held in spite of the required clamping forces without damaging the metallic jacket surface and should be able to be handled safely during operation.
Diese Aufgabe wird durch die Bereitstellung eines Elektrodenhalters des eingangs, genannten Typs gelöst, der dadurch gekennzeichnet ist, dass an dem Elektrodenhalter eine Mehrzahl elektrischer und/oder mechanischer Kontaktstellen aus druckfestem Material lösbar aufgesetzt ist, die sich mindestens über einen Teil des Bereiches der Axialverschiebung des Elektrodenhalters erstrecken.This object is achieved by the provision of an electrode holder of the type mentioned at the outset, which is characterized in that a plurality of electrical and / or mechanical contact points made of pressure-resistant material are detachably attached to the electrode holder and extend over at least part of the range of the axial displacement of the Extend electrode holder.
Das erfindungsgemäss eingesetzte druckfeste Material stellt vorzugsweise Grafit oder grafithaltige Verbundwerkstoffe dar. Es ist aber auch möglich, andere druckfeste Kontaktwerkstoffe einzusetzen, die neben der geforderten, ausgezeichneten Leitfähigkeit eine hohe Temperaturbeständigkeit besitzen.The pressure-resistant material used according to the invention is preferably graphite or graphite-containing composite materials. However, it is also possible to use other pressure-resistant contact materials which, in addition to the required excellent conductivity, have high temperature resistance.
Mit dem Begriff "Kontaktstelle" ist ein möglicher Strom- übergangsbereich bezeichnet, der etwa die Breite oder mehr der üblicherweise im. Lichtbogenofenbetrieb bei der Elektrostahlerzeugung eingesetzten Haltebacken von Klemmvorrichtungen, die auch als Stromzuführung dienen, aufweist.The term “contact point” designates a possible current transition area which is approximately the width or more of the usually in the. Arc furnace operation in the electrical steel production used holding jaws of clamping devices, which also serve as a power supply.
Mit dem Begriff "Axialverschiebung des Elektrodenhalters" ist die Hubstrecke bezeichnet, die'die Elektrode nachgesetzt werden muss, z.B. innerhalb der Schmelze, um den Verbrauch des Aktivteils, soweit dieses verbrauchbar ist, bis auf ein verbleibendes "Sicherheitsreststück" z.B. einer Grösse von etwa 0,4 bis 0,7 m, bei etwa gleichbleibender Lichtbogenstrecke auszugleichen. Diese Definition bezieht sich daher insbesondere auf den Schmelzofenbetrieb, bei dem verbrauchbare Aktivteile zum Einsatz gelangen.The term "axial displacement of the electrode holder" denotes the stroke distance that the electrode has to be adjusted, e.g. within the melt to reduce the consumption of the active part, insofar as this is consumable, except for a remaining "safety remnant" e.g. a size of about 0.4 to 0.7 m, with an approximately constant arc distance. This definition therefore refers in particular to the furnace operation, in which consumable active parts are used.
Nach einer bevorzugten Ausführungsform des erfindungsgemässen Elektrodenhalters weist dieser mindestens zwei diskrete, voneinander abgesetzte Kontaktstellen auf. Es ist aber auch möglich, dass der Elektrodenhalter mit einer kontinuierlichen Folge von Kontaktstellen beaufschlagt ist.According to a preferred embodiment of the electrode holder according to the invention, it has at least two discrete, mutually separated contact points. However, it is also possible for the electrode holder to be subjected to a continuous sequence of contact points.
Die Kontaktstellen stellen bevorzugt an der Metallmantelfläche anliegende Ringe, Halbschalen oder Segmente aus hochleitfähigem Material dar, wobei die Einzelsegmente wiederum Ringschalten ergeben können. Beispielsweise können Kreissegmente von ca. 120 des Umfangs des wassergekühlten Metallschaftes,, etc., eingesetzt werden, so dass in diesem Fall ein Umfangsring, der die Kontaktstelle ausbildet, durch drei derartige Segmente gebildet ist.The contact points preferably represent rings, half-shells or segments made of highly conductive material which are in contact with the metal jacket surface, the individual segments in turn being able to produce ring switching. For example, circular segments of approximately 120 of the circumference of the water-cooled metal shaft, etc., can be used, so that in this case a circumferential ring which forms the contact point is formed by three such segments.
Es ist besonders günstig, wenn die die Kontaktstellen ausbildenden Elemente, insbesondere die Einzelsegmente, satt an der Mantelfläche der Elektrode anliegen. Es wird aber auch in Betracht gezogen, dass zwischen den lösbar aufgesetzten Kontaktstellen und der Metallmantelfläche noch ein zwischenliegendes, hochleitfähiges, gegebenenfalls deformierbares, Material vorgesehen ist, das als Kontaktverbesserer und gleichzeitig "Puffersubstanz" bei eventuellen Schwingungen der Elektrode oder mechanischer Beanspruchung dienen kann.It is particularly advantageous if the elements forming the contact points, in particular the individual segments, lie snugly against the outer surface of the electrode. However, it is also considered that an intermediate, highly conductive, possibly deformable, material is provided between the detachably placed contact points and the metal jacket surface, which material can serve as a contact improver and at the same time "buffer substance" in the event of possible electrode vibrations or mechanical stress.
Nach einer bevorzugten Ausführungsform der Erfindung sind die Kontaktstellen derart im oberen Bereich der Mantelfläche des Elektrodenhalters angeordnet, dass eine Stromzufuhr etwa über den Bereich des oberen Drittels des Elektrodenhalters möglich ist. Besonders bevorzugt ist es, wenn die Stromzuführung über den Bereich der oberen Hälfte des Elektrodenhalters erfolgen kann, wobei die Kontaktstellen dann in diesem Bereich der oberen Hälfte angeordnet sind, bzw. die obere Hälfte der Mantelfläche des Metallschaftes kontinuierlich oder diskontinuierlich umgeben.According to a preferred embodiment of the invention, the contact points are in the upper region of the Sheathed surface of the electrode holder arranged that a power supply is possible approximately over the area of the upper third of the electrode holder. It is particularly preferred if the current supply can take place over the area of the upper half of the electrode holder, the contact points then being arranged in this area of the upper half or surrounding the upper half of the lateral surface of the metal shaft continuously or discontinuously.
Bei Verwendung von Grafit-Kontaktsegmenten, die zwei voneinander getrennte Kontaktstellen ausbilden, können diese beispielsweise in folgender Art befestigt werden: Es werden zwischen den zueinander axial verschobenen Kontaktstellen mittig Befestigungselemente, z.B. Verschraubungen, vorgesehen, die die oben- und untenliegenden Grafitsegmente gleichzeitig halten, die zusätzlich noch von jeweils unten und oben durch eine gleiche oder andere Befestigung gehalten sind. Bei Ausbildung von Ringen, die aus jeweils drei Segmenten gebildet sind, sind demnach neun Halteelemente für die sechs Grafit-Kontaktsegmente erforderlich. Bei der hier beschriebenen, besonders günstigen Ausführungsform des erfindungsgemässen Elektrodenhalters ist es auch möglich, die beiden diskreten Kontaktstellen bzw. Kontaktbereiche in eine kontinuierliche Halte- und Kontaktzone-umzuwandeln. Dies kann z.B. dadurch erfolgen, dass auf die Halteelemente leitfähige Abdeckungen aufgesetzt werden. Hierdurch kann trotz segmentierter und in der Länge begrenzter Einzelelemente beispielsweise eine Länge von 0,6 bis 2,5 m, bevorzugt 0,8 bis 1,8 m, im oberen Bereich des Elektrodenhalters kontinuierlich oder halbkontinuierlich überdeckt werden, so dass dieser Bereich vollständig als Halte-und Kontaktzone eingesetzt werden kann.When using graphite contact segments that form two separate contact points, these can be attached, for example, in the following way: Fastening elements, for example screw connections, are provided in the center between the axially displaced contact points, which hold the graphite segments above and below at the same time, which are additionally held from below and above by an identical or different attachment. When rings are formed, which are each formed from three segments, nine holding elements are required for the six graphite contact segments. In the particularly favorable embodiment of the electrode holder according to the invention described here, it is also possible to convert the two discrete contact points or contact areas into a continuous holding and contact zone. This can be done, for example, by placing conductive covers on the holding elements. In this way, despite segmented and limited in length individual elements For example, a length of 0.6 to 2.5 m, preferably 0.8 to 1.8 m, is covered continuously or semi-continuously in the upper region of the electrode holder, so that this region can be used completely as a holding and contact zone.
Für die z.B. mittig aufgesetzten Halteelemente der Einzelkontaktsegmente werden mit Vorteil Aussparungen vorgesehen, in die die leitfähigen Abdeckelemente auf einfache Weise eingebracht werden können. Dabei wird üblicherweise für Kontaktsegment und Abdeckung das gleiche Material herangezogen. Dieses ist druckfest, hoch elektrisch leitfähig und bevorzugt auch hochtempereturbeständig.Es kann aber auch wünschenswert sein, die Abdeckungen aus weniger gut leitfähigem Material (im Vergleich zu den eigentlichen Kontaktstellen) auszubilden, damit diese bei eventuellen Stromüberschlägen nicht zu bevorzugten Strompfaden werden.For e.g. Cut-outs in the center of the individual contact segments are advantageously provided with recesses into which the conductive cover elements can be introduced in a simple manner. The same material is usually used for the contact segment and cover. This is pressure-resistant, highly electrically conductive and preferably also resistant to high temperatures, but it may also be desirable to design the covers from less highly conductive material (in comparison to the actual contact points) so that they do not become preferred current paths in the event of current flashovers.
Nach einer bevorzugten Ausführungsform des erfindungsgemässen Elektrodenhalters sind mindestens zwei Kontaktstellen im oberen Bereich der Mantelfläche aufgesetzt, wobei die Mitte von zwei untereinander angeordneten breiten Kontaktbacken um etwa 0,5 bis 0,9 m gegeneinander verschoben ist.According to a preferred embodiment of the electrode holder according to the invention, at least two contact points are placed in the upper region of the lateral surface, the middle of two arranged one below the other wide contact jaws is shifted by about 0.5 to 0.9 m against each other.
Im Hinblick auf den jeweiligen Anwendungszweck des Elektrodenhalters kann es bevorzugt sein, die Verbindungsstellen zwischen der Mantelfläche des Elektrodenhalters und den die Kontaktstellen ausbildenden Segmenten mit Kitt zu verriegeln. Entsprechende Dichtmassen sind bekannt, wobei lediglich beispielhaft auf kohlenstoffhaltige Massen hingewiesen sei.In view of the particular application of the electrode holder, it may be preferred to lock the connection points between the outer surface of the electrode holder and the segments forming the contact points with cement. Corresponding sealing compounds are known, reference being made to carbon-containing compounds only by way of example.
Durch die erfindungsgemässe Ausführung wird der Elektrodenhalter über einen erheblichen Bereich seiner metallischen Mantelfläche befähigt, den elektrischen Strom aufzunehmen, wobei die Stromzuleitung häufig mit der mechanischen Befestigung des Elektrodenhalters kombiniert wird. Da der innengekühlte Metallschaft des Elektrodenhalters hierdurch erheblichen Pressdrucken ausgesetzt sein kann, hat es sich als besonders vorteilhaft erwiesen, wenn der Elektrodenhalter zumindest im Bereich der Kontaktstellen durch innenliegende, mechanisch resistente Verstrebungen abgestützt ist, die einer mechanischen Verformung des Elektrodenhalters durch Halte- oder Stromzuführungselemente entgegenwirken. Diese Verstrebungen können beispielsweise aus hochfesten Rohren, Stäben aus Stahl, etc., gebildet sein. Die Verstrebungen lassen sich zweckmässig an den innengeführten Kühlrohren, sei es dem Zulauf-, sei es dem Rücklaufkanal oder beiden, befestigen. Die Verstrebungen können dabei bis unmittelbar an die innere Mantelfläche des Metallschaftes geführt sein oder auch hiervon einen gewissen geringen Abstand halten, so dass eine begrenzte Deformation des Metallschaftes möglich ist. Durch die Anbringung der Verstrebungen aus hochfestem, harten Material können die mechanisch weniger guten Eigenschaften des hochleitfähigen Kupfers oder Legierungen hiervon, die im Regelfall den Mantel des Elektrodenhalters ausbilden, kompensiert werden.The design according to the invention enables the electrode holder to absorb the electrical current over a considerable area of its metallic outer surface, the current supply line often being combined with the mechanical fastening of the electrode holder. Since the internally cooled metal shaft of the electrode holder can thereby be exposed to considerable pressure, it has proven to be particularly advantageous if the electrode holder is supported at least in the area of the contact points by internal, mechanically resistant struts which counteract mechanical deformation of the electrode holder by holding or power supply elements . These struts can be formed, for example, from high-strength tubes, steel rods, etc. The struts can be conveniently attached to the internal cooling pipes, be it the inlet or the return duct or both. The struts can be led directly to the inner lateral surface of the metal shaft or can also keep a certain small distance therefrom, so that a limited deformation of the metal shaft is possible. By attaching the struts made of high-strength, hard material, the mechanically less good properties of the highly conductive copper or alloys thereof, which usually form the jacket of the electrode holder, can be compensated for.
Nach einer bevorzugten Ausführungsform des erfindungsgemässen Elektrodenhalters ist dessen auf die Kontaktstellen folgender, untere Bereich durch hochtemperaturbeständige Schutzelemente umgeben. Diese schützen den Elektrodenhalter vor allem gegen Hitze, die zur Aufschmelzung des Haltermetalles führen müsste. Derartige Hitzeeinwirkung kann sich z.B. durch innerhalb des Bades auftretende Schlackenspritzer, erfolgende Kurzschlüsse, etc., ergeben. Die Schutzelemente bestehen vorteilhaft aus hochtemperaturbeständigem, elektrisch leitfähigen Material. Nach einer bevorzugten Ausführungsform folgen bei einem erfindungsgemässen Elektrodenhalter auf zwei breite Kontaktstellen, die gegeneinander axial versetzt sind, im unteren Bereich des Elektrodenhalters eine Reihe von Schutzsegmenten, deren Befestigungen gegebenenfalls durch leitfähige Abdeckungen überdeckt sind, wobei der am unteren Ende des Elektrodenhalters aufgebrachte letzte Schutzring durch ein Innengewinde an die Maritelfläche direkt angeschraubt ist. Im Hinblick auf die Ausbildung von Schutzelementen bzw. Schutzsegmenten wird auf die deutsche Patentanmeldung der Anmelderin P 31 02 776,8 Bezug genommen, deren diesbezüglicher vollständiger Inhalt hiermit ebenfalls als eingeführt gelten soll.According to a preferred embodiment of the electrode holder according to the invention, its lower region following the contact points is surrounded by high-temperature resistant protective elements. These protect the electrode holder against heat, which should lead to the melting of the holder metal. Such exposure to heat can e.g. due to slag splashes occurring in the bath, short circuits, etc. The protective elements advantageously consist of high-temperature-resistant, electrically conductive material. According to a preferred embodiment, in the case of an electrode holder according to the invention, two broad contact points, which are axially offset from one another, are followed in the lower region of the electrode holder by a series of protective segments, the fastenings of which are possibly covered by conductive covers, the last protective ring applied at the lower end of the electrode holder an internal thread is screwed directly onto the Maritel surface. With regard to the formation of protective elements or protective segments, reference is made to the applicant's German patent application P 31 02 776.8, the complete content of which in this regard is also to be considered as introduced.
Es ist auch möglich, dass zwischen den im unteren Bereich des Elektrodenhalters gegebenenfalls aufgebrachten Schutzsegmenten und der Mantelfläche des innengekühlten Metallschaftes hochtemperaturbeständige, deformierbare oder elastische Zwischenmaterialien vorgesehen sind. Als solche Zwischenmaterialien sind insbesondere solche bevorzugt, die elektrisch leitfähig sind, z.B. Grafitfolie oder Grafitvliese. Es ist aber auch möglich, weniger gut leitende Materialien, wie Keramikpapier, einzubringen. Nach einer besonderen Ausführungsform der Erfindung kann auch die Zwischenlegung von Kupfergeweben, Kupferlitzen, etc., vorgesehen sein.It is also possible that between those applied in the lower area of the electrode holder, if necessary Protective segments and the outer surface of the internally cooled metal shaft high temperature resistant, deformable or elastic intermediate materials are provided. As such intermediate materials, those are particularly preferred which are electrically conductive, for example graphite foil or graphite fleece. However, it is also possible to introduce less conductive materials, such as ceramic paper. According to a special embodiment of the invention, the interposition of copper fabrics, copper strands, etc. can also be provided.
Bei einigen Ausführungsformen der Erfindung hat es sich als günstig erwiesen, wenn die Kontaktstellen einerseits und die Schutzelemente andererseits im wesentlichen zueinander bündig sind. Hierdurch ist die axiale Verschiebbarkeit des Elektrodenhalters in besonders flexibler Weise möglich.In some embodiments of the invention, it has proven to be advantageous if the contact points on the one hand and the protective elements on the other hand are essentially flush with one another. This enables the electrode holder to be moved axially in a particularly flexible manner.
Durch die erfindungsgemässe Ausbildung des Elektrodenhalters werden eine Reihe von Vorteilen erzielt. Der Elektrodenhalter kann auch bei stationärer äusserer Stromzuführung über einen erheblichen Bereich seiner Länge axial verschoben werden, ohne dass konstruktive Änderun- gen erforderlich sind. Durch die leichte axiale Verschiebbarkeit des Elektrodenhalters im Schmelzofenbetrieb kann der Verbrauch des Aktivteils laufend kompensiert werden. Es ist auch nicht erforderlich, die Länge des Elektrodenhalters gegenüber der des Aktivteils relativ gering zu bemessen, da durch den im unteren Bereich desElektrodenhalters vorgenommenen Hitzeschutz dieser zumindest teilweise in die Ofenatmosphäre selbst eingeführt werden kann. Hierdurch ist es selbst bei gross dimensionierten Schmelzöfen möglich, die Länge des Aktivteils im optimalen Bereich zu halten. Befindet sich nämlich eine zu grosse Strecke einesKohlenstoffstranges im Schmelzofen, tritt ein relativ hoher Kohlenstoffmaterialverbrauch auf, der über den durch den Elektrodenbetrieb vorgegebenen theoretischen Wert weit hinausgeht. Es ist daher günstig, wenn durch eine geeignete Ausbildung des Elektrodenhalters die Möglichkeit zu einer weitgehenden axialen Versetzung des Elektrodenhalters gegeben ist. Dadurch ist es auch möglich, zu häufige Annippelungsvorgänge zu vermeiden, die jeweils eine Unterbrechung des Betriebes bedingen. Auch ist es durch die erfindungsgemässe Ausbildung des Elektrodenhalters möglich, als Aktivteile Normallängen von Grafitelektroden einzusetzen. Diese können beispielsweise im Bereich von 1,8 bis 2,2 m Länge liegen, an die Reststücke der zuvor eingesetzten Elektrode, z.B. Im Bereich von 0,4 bis 0,8 m Länge, angenippelt werden können.A number of advantages are achieved by the inventive design of the electrode holder. The electrode holder can for hospital external power supply over a considerable portion of its length to move axially without constructive amendments g s are required. The consumption of the active part can be continuously compensated for due to the easy axial displacement of the electrode holder during melting furnace operation. It is also not necessary to make the length of the electrode holder relatively short compared to that of the active part, since the heat protection provided in the lower region of the electrode holder allows it to be at least partially introduced into the furnace atmosphere itself. This makes it large even dimensioned melting furnaces possible to keep the length of the active part in the optimal range. If there is too much of a carbon strand in the melting furnace, a relatively high consumption of carbon material occurs, which goes far beyond the theoretical value specified by the electrode operation. It is therefore advantageous if the electrode holder can be largely offset axially by a suitable design of the electrode holder. As a result, it is also possible to avoid too frequent nippling processes, each of which necessitates an interruption in operation. The inventive design of the electrode holder also makes it possible to use normal lengths of graphite electrodes as active parts. These can be, for example, in the range from 1.8 to 2.2 m in length, to which residual pieces of the previously used electrode can be nippled, for example in the range from 0.4 to 0.8 m in length.
Die erfindungsgemässen Elektrodenhalter besitzen eine besondere Anwendungsmöglichkeit für Hochtemperaturprozesse. Insbesondere kommen Anwendungen des erfindungsgemässen Elektrodenhalters bei der Gewinnung von Metallen durch Schmelzflusselektrolyse in Betracht. In diesem Falle sind die Kontaktstellen, wie auch eventuell vorhandene Schutzelemente im unteren Bereich des Elektrodenhalters gas-'und/oder flüssigkeitsdicht verriegelt. Dies kann durch hochtemperaturbeständige Kitte etc. erfolgen.The electrode holders according to the invention have a special application for high-temperature processes. Applications of the electrode holder according to the invention are particularly suitable for the extraction of metals by melt flow electrolysis. In this case, the contact points, as well as any protective elements present, are locked in a gas-tight and / or liquid-tight manner in the lower region of the electrode holder. This can be done with high temperature resistant putties etc.
Lediglich beispielhaft für derartige Schmelzflusselektrolysen sollen die Gewinnung von Natrium, Magnesium und Aluminium hier erwähnt werden. Bei der Durchführung solcher Elektrolysen ist es naturgemäss auch möglich, den Aktivteil aus einem nicht-verbrauchbaren oder sich nur wenig verbrauchenden elektrisch leitfähigen Material zu wählen. Als solche kommen keramische Materialien, wie z.B.Zinnoxide, etc., in Betracht.The extraction of sodium, magnesium and aluminum should only be mentioned here by way of example for such melt flow electrolysis. When carrying out such electrolysis, it is naturally also possible to choose the active part from a non-consumable or only slightly consumable electrically conductive material. As such, ceramic materials, such as tin oxides, etc., come into consideration.
Einige Ausführungsformen der Erfindung werden in den beiliegenden Figuren erläutert. Es zeigen:
- Fig. 1 einen Längsschnitt durch einen schematisch skizzierten Elektrodenhalter,
- Fig. 2 ein Einzelsegment, aus welchen die Kontaktstelle zusammengesetzt werden kann,
- Fig. 3 und 4 eine Draufsicht der Befestigung mehrerer aufeinanderfolgender Einzelsegmente, sowie eine Abdeckung hierfür.
- 1 shows a longitudinal section through a schematically sketched electrode holder,
- 2 shows a single segment from which the contact point can be composed,
- 3 and 4 a plan view of the attachment of several successive individual segments, and a cover therefor.
In Fig. 1 sind die die Mantelfläche 2 des Elektrodenhalters umgebenden Kontaktstellen 1 deutlich sichtbar. Es handelt sich hierbei um zwei diskret voneinander abgesetzte Kontaktstellen, die axial gegeneinander versetzt sind. Sie werden durch Haltelemente 3 mittig und oben und unten jeweils auf die Mantelfläche 2 aufgesetzt. Innerhalb des Elektrodenhalters sind Kühlrohre 4 und 5 bezeichnet, die den Zulauf und Ablauf des Kühlmediums aufnehmen. Als solches kann beispielsweise Wasser, Gas, wie Luft, Argon, aber auch flüssiges Metall (z.B. Natrium) dienen. Im unteren Bereich des Elektrodenhalters folgen Schutzsegmente 7, wobei das letzte Schutzsegment 8 mit einem Innengewinde auf die Mantelfläche 2 des Metallschaftes aufgeschraubt ist. Über einen Nippel 6 ist der Elektrodenhalter mit dem Aktivteil 9 verschraubt.In Fig. 1, the contact points 1 surrounding the
In Fig. 2 ist schematisch die Ausbildung eines Einzelsegmentes 7 dargestellt, wobei aus Fig. 3 deren Aufeinanderfolge und Befestigung erkennbar ist.2 schematically shows the formation of an individual segment 7, the sequence and attachment of which can be seen from FIG. 3.
In Fig. 4 ist schliesslich die Aufbringung von Abdeckungen auf die Verschraubungselemente gezeigt. Hierbei ist es normalerweise bevorzugt, für die Abdeckungsmaterialien ein elektrisch schlechter leitfähiges Material zu verwenden, als dies für die Schutzelemente selbst der Fall ist, damit sich im Kurzschlussfall hier kein bevorzugter Stromweg ergibt.4 finally shows the application of covers to the screw elements. In this case, it is normally preferred to use an electrically poorer conductive material for the cover materials than is the case for the protective elements themselves, so that there is no preferred current path in the event of a short circuit.
Claims (20)
Priority Applications (1)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
AT82108049T ATE24208T1 (en) | 1981-09-10 | 1982-09-01 | AXIALLY MOVABLE ELECTRODE HOLDER FOR USE IN MOLTEN ELECTROLYSIS. |
Applications Claiming Priority (2)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
DE3135912 | 1981-09-10 | ||
DE19813135912 DE3135912A1 (en) | 1981-09-10 | 1981-09-10 | AXIAL SLIDING ELECTRODE HOLDER FOR USE IN MELT FLOW ELECTROLYSIS |
Publications (2)
Publication Number | Publication Date |
---|---|
EP0074567A1 true EP0074567A1 (en) | 1983-03-23 |
EP0074567B1 EP0074567B1 (en) | 1986-12-10 |
Family
ID=6141341
Family Applications (1)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
---|---|---|---|
EP82108049A Expired EP0074567B1 (en) | 1981-09-10 | 1982-09-01 | Axially movable electrode holder for use in fused salt electrolysis |
Country Status (11)
Country | Link |
---|---|
US (1) | US4447300A (en) |
EP (1) | EP0074567B1 (en) |
JP (1) | JPS5855583A (en) |
AT (1) | ATE24208T1 (en) |
BR (1) | BR8205276A (en) |
CA (1) | CA1187840A (en) |
DD (1) | DD203753A5 (en) |
DE (2) | DE3135912A1 (en) |
ES (1) | ES8306193A1 (en) |
HU (1) | HU184022B (en) |
NO (1) | NO157184C (en) |
Families Citing this family (2)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
DE3215537A1 (en) * | 1982-04-26 | 1983-10-27 | C. Conradty Nürnberg GmbH & Co KG, 8505 Röthenbach | USE OF TEMPERATURE- AND CORROSION-RESISTANT GAS-TIGHT MATERIALS AS A PROTECTIVE COATING FOR THE METAL PART OF COMBINATION ELECTRODES FOR THE MELTFLOW ELECTROLYSIS TO RECOVER METALS AND THEIR DEVELOPMENT |
US20050090303A1 (en) * | 2002-02-21 | 2005-04-28 | Richard Dillhoff | Card game for learning |
Citations (6)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
AT329890B (en) * | 1971-09-07 | 1976-06-10 | Aluminum Co Of America | LADDER ARRANGEMENT |
AT339061B (en) * | 1973-10-16 | 1977-09-26 | Alusuisse | METHOD AND ANODE FOR MELT FLOW ELECTROLYSIS OF ALUMINUM OXIDE WITH UNUSABLE ANODES |
US4145564A (en) * | 1978-01-30 | 1979-03-20 | Andrew Dennie J | Non-consumable electrode with replaceable graphite tip |
US4247381A (en) * | 1979-02-16 | 1981-01-27 | Swiss Aluminum Ltd. | Facility for conducting electrical power to electrodes |
EP0050681A1 (en) * | 1980-10-27 | 1982-05-05 | C. CONRADTY NÜRNBERG GmbH & Co. KG | Electrode for igneous electrolysis |
DE3102776A1 (en) * | 1981-01-28 | 1982-08-26 | C. Conradty Nürnberg GmbH & Co KG, 8505 Röthenbach | ELECTRODE FOR ARC FURNACE |
Family Cites Families (8)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
US3046213A (en) * | 1959-06-15 | 1962-07-24 | Tejas Plastics Materials Suppl | Anode assembly for cathodic protection |
US3497444A (en) * | 1967-04-14 | 1970-02-24 | Sinclair Research Inc | Anode structure |
US3718571A (en) * | 1971-06-30 | 1973-02-27 | Magnode Prod Inc | Anode fitting |
US3745107A (en) * | 1971-09-07 | 1973-07-10 | Aluminum Co Of America | Protected electrode lead for use in a corrosive environment |
US3891530A (en) * | 1972-11-29 | 1975-06-24 | Perfection Corp | Anode-fitting assembly |
CH575014A5 (en) * | 1973-05-25 | 1976-04-30 | Alusuisse | |
FR2441313A1 (en) * | 1978-11-10 | 1980-06-06 | Siderurgie Fse Inst Rech | COOLED ELECTRODE FOR CONTACT WITH FUSED METAL |
US4280891A (en) * | 1979-05-17 | 1981-07-28 | Amax Magnesium Corporation | Electrode assembly for melt cell |
-
1981
- 1981-09-10 DE DE19813135912 patent/DE3135912A1/en not_active Withdrawn
-
1982
- 1982-08-25 US US06/411,433 patent/US4447300A/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
- 1982-08-26 CA CA000410330A patent/CA1187840A/en not_active Expired
- 1982-09-01 DE DE8282108049T patent/DE3274657D1/en not_active Expired
- 1982-09-01 ES ES515437A patent/ES8306193A1/en not_active Expired
- 1982-09-01 AT AT82108049T patent/ATE24208T1/en not_active IP Right Cessation
- 1982-09-01 EP EP82108049A patent/EP0074567B1/en not_active Expired
- 1982-09-03 HU HU822832A patent/HU184022B/en unknown
- 1982-09-08 DD DD82243117A patent/DD203753A5/en unknown
- 1982-09-09 NO NO823057A patent/NO157184C/en unknown
- 1982-09-09 BR BR8205276A patent/BR8205276A/en unknown
- 1982-09-10 JP JP57157971A patent/JPS5855583A/en active Pending
Patent Citations (6)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
AT329890B (en) * | 1971-09-07 | 1976-06-10 | Aluminum Co Of America | LADDER ARRANGEMENT |
AT339061B (en) * | 1973-10-16 | 1977-09-26 | Alusuisse | METHOD AND ANODE FOR MELT FLOW ELECTROLYSIS OF ALUMINUM OXIDE WITH UNUSABLE ANODES |
US4145564A (en) * | 1978-01-30 | 1979-03-20 | Andrew Dennie J | Non-consumable electrode with replaceable graphite tip |
US4247381A (en) * | 1979-02-16 | 1981-01-27 | Swiss Aluminum Ltd. | Facility for conducting electrical power to electrodes |
EP0050681A1 (en) * | 1980-10-27 | 1982-05-05 | C. CONRADTY NÜRNBERG GmbH & Co. KG | Electrode for igneous electrolysis |
DE3102776A1 (en) * | 1981-01-28 | 1982-08-26 | C. Conradty Nürnberg GmbH & Co KG, 8505 Röthenbach | ELECTRODE FOR ARC FURNACE |
Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
---|---|
US4447300A (en) | 1984-05-08 |
ATE24208T1 (en) | 1986-12-15 |
ES515437A0 (en) | 1983-05-01 |
DE3274657D1 (en) | 1987-01-22 |
CA1187840A (en) | 1985-05-28 |
ES8306193A1 (en) | 1983-05-01 |
BR8205276A (en) | 1983-08-16 |
JPS5855583A (en) | 1983-04-01 |
EP0074567B1 (en) | 1986-12-10 |
NO157184B (en) | 1987-10-26 |
HU184022B (en) | 1984-06-28 |
DD203753A5 (en) | 1983-11-02 |
NO823057L (en) | 1983-03-11 |
DE3135912A1 (en) | 1983-03-24 |
NO157184C (en) | 1988-02-03 |
Similar Documents
Publication | Publication Date | Title |
---|---|---|
DE69022377T2 (en) | Electrode for plasma torch with extended service life. | |
DE3435680A1 (en) | PLASMA TORCH | |
DE60206162T2 (en) | PLASMA TORCH | |
EP0010305A1 (en) | Liquid-cooled support for the head of an electrode | |
DE7727148U1 (en) | COMPOSED ELECTRODE FOR ARC FURNACES | |
CH629056A5 (en) | ELECTRODE FOR ARC FURNACE. | |
DE2532619B2 (en) | FURNACE FOR MELTING GLASS AND OTHER HIGH-MELTING MATERIALS | |
EP0422406B1 (en) | Anode for direct current arc furnace | |
EP0074567B1 (en) | Axially movable electrode holder for use in fused salt electrolysis | |
EP0446238A1 (en) | Fluid cooled plasma burner with transferred arc. | |
EP0050681B1 (en) | Electrode for igneous electrolysis | |
EP0057012A2 (en) | Electrode for molten salt electrolysis | |
DE3135960A1 (en) | AXIAL SLIDING ELECTRODE HOLDER FOR USE IN ELECTRIC STEEL PRODUCTION | |
DE4335065C2 (en) | Bottom electrode for a metallurgical vessel operated with direct current | |
EP0071107B1 (en) | Arrangement for connecting a graphite electrode to a permanent electrode of an electric furnace | |
DD201835A5 (en) | ELECTRODE FOR LIGHT BOW OUTS | |
EP0050679B1 (en) | Electrode for igneous electrolysis | |
DE2643369A1 (en) | ELECTRODE UNIT OF AN ELECTRIC DISCHARGE DEVICE | |
DE269069C (en) | ||
DE3144437A1 (en) | Electrode holder for an arc furnace | |
DE1565207A1 (en) | Electrode for electric arc furnaces | |
AT374506B (en) | HIGH TEMPERATURE, TUBULAR ELECTRIC HEAT TREATMENT DEVICE | |
DE3433053A1 (en) | Electrode protection | |
DE10237759A1 (en) | Electrode and method for arranging it in electric arc furnaces | |
EP0050680A1 (en) | Electrode for igneous electrolysis |
Legal Events
Date | Code | Title | Description |
---|---|---|---|
PUAI | Public reference made under article 153(3) epc to a published international application that has entered the european phase |
Free format text: ORIGINAL CODE: 0009012 |
|
AK | Designated contracting states |
Designated state(s): AT BE CH DE FR GB IT LI LU NL SE |
|
17P | Request for examination filed |
Effective date: 19830810 |
|
ITF | It: translation for a ep patent filed |
Owner name: BARZANO' E ZANARDO MILANO S.P.A. |
|
GRAA | (expected) grant |
Free format text: ORIGINAL CODE: 0009210 |
|
AK | Designated contracting states |
Kind code of ref document: B1 Designated state(s): AT BE CH DE FR GB IT LI LU NL SE |
|
REF | Corresponds to: |
Ref document number: 24208 Country of ref document: AT Date of ref document: 19861215 Kind code of ref document: T |
|
REF | Corresponds to: |
Ref document number: 3274657 Country of ref document: DE Date of ref document: 19870122 |
|
ET | Fr: translation filed | ||
PG25 | Lapsed in a contracting state [announced via postgrant information from national office to epo] |
Ref country code: AT Effective date: 19870901 |
|
PG25 | Lapsed in a contracting state [announced via postgrant information from national office to epo] |
Ref country code: SE Effective date: 19870902 |
|
PG25 | Lapsed in a contracting state [announced via postgrant information from national office to epo] |
Ref country code: LU Free format text: LAPSE BECAUSE OF NON-PAYMENT OF DUE FEES Effective date: 19870930 Ref country code: LI Effective date: 19870930 Ref country code: CH Effective date: 19870930 Ref country code: BE Effective date: 19870930 |
|
PLBE | No opposition filed within time limit |
Free format text: ORIGINAL CODE: 0009261 |
|
STAA | Information on the status of an ep patent application or granted ep patent |
Free format text: STATUS: NO OPPOSITION FILED WITHIN TIME LIMIT |
|
26N | No opposition filed | ||
BERE | Be: lapsed |
Owner name: C. CONRADTY NURNBERG G.M.B.H. & CO. K.G. Effective date: 19870930 |
|
PG25 | Lapsed in a contracting state [announced via postgrant information from national office to epo] |
Ref country code: NL Effective date: 19880401 |
|
GBPC | Gb: european patent ceased through non-payment of renewal fee | ||
NLV4 | Nl: lapsed or anulled due to non-payment of the annual fee | ||
PG25 | Lapsed in a contracting state [announced via postgrant information from national office to epo] |
Ref country code: FR Free format text: LAPSE BECAUSE OF NON-PAYMENT OF DUE FEES Effective date: 19880531 |
|
REG | Reference to a national code |
Ref country code: CH Ref legal event code: PL |
|
PG25 | Lapsed in a contracting state [announced via postgrant information from national office to epo] |
Ref country code: DE Effective date: 19880601 |
|
REG | Reference to a national code |
Ref country code: FR Ref legal event code: ST |
|
PG25 | Lapsed in a contracting state [announced via postgrant information from national office to epo] |
Ref country code: GB Free format text: LAPSE BECAUSE OF NON-PAYMENT OF DUE FEES Effective date: 19881121 |
|
EUG | Se: european patent has lapsed |
Ref document number: 82108049.6 Effective date: 19880907 |