EP0074076A1 - Silo, especially for slowly flowing bulk material - Google Patents

Silo, especially for slowly flowing bulk material Download PDF

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Publication number
EP0074076A1
EP0074076A1 EP82108035A EP82108035A EP0074076A1 EP 0074076 A1 EP0074076 A1 EP 0074076A1 EP 82108035 A EP82108035 A EP 82108035A EP 82108035 A EP82108035 A EP 82108035A EP 0074076 A1 EP0074076 A1 EP 0074076A1
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EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
silo
wall
friction brake
angle
bulk material
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Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Granted
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EP82108035A
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German (de)
French (fr)
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EP0074076B1 (en
Inventor
Hans Gessler
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Schwaebische Huettenwerke Automotive GmbH
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Schwaebische Huettenwerke Automotive GmbH
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Priority to AT82108035T priority Critical patent/ATE25510T1/en
Publication of EP0074076A1 publication Critical patent/EP0074076A1/en
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    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B65—CONVEYING; PACKING; STORING; HANDLING THIN OR FILAMENTARY MATERIAL
    • B65D—CONTAINERS FOR STORAGE OR TRANSPORT OF ARTICLES OR MATERIALS, e.g. BAGS, BARRELS, BOTTLES, BOXES, CANS, CARTONS, CRATES, DRUMS, JARS, TANKS, HOPPERS, FORWARDING CONTAINERS; ACCESSORIES, CLOSURES, OR FITTINGS THEREFOR; PACKAGING ELEMENTS; PACKAGES
    • B65D88/00—Large containers
    • B65D88/54—Large containers characterised by means facilitating filling or emptying
    • B65D88/64—Large containers characterised by means facilitating filling or emptying preventing bridge formation

Definitions

  • the invention relates to a silo for in particular poorly flowing bulk goods.
  • a silo of the type mentioned is known from DE-AS 19 51 754.
  • the friction brake of this silo consists of several wedges which, in a plan view of the silo, form three groups arranged one behind the other in the circumferential direction, each of which has a central angle of less than 120 °. Within each group, the wedges are offset from one another with increasing ground clearance, whereby there are three wedges at the same height of the silo, each of which is a different one which belongs to three groups.
  • special measures must be taken to avoid jamming and sticking of silo material between the wedges adjacent in the circumferential direction.
  • the slanted side surfaces provided for this on the wedges are effective for many difficult-to-flow bulk materials, but cannot always prevent bridging under particularly difficult conditions.
  • silo with a friction brake which consists of several cone-shaped internals, which are arranged one above the other in the longitudinal direction of the silo and on the silo wall and adjoin the top of the silo wall. Its braking surface also slopes from the silo wall at an angle to the silo floor.
  • These internals increase the coefficients of friction between the bulk material and the silo wall, which means that a predeterminable proportion by weight of the bulk material column is absorbed by the silo wall.
  • the resulting reduced vertical loads result in a reduction in the horizontal stresses in the relevant levels of the bulk material column, which have a significant influence on the stability of bridges and domes within bulk material columns.
  • each of these cone bodies must be selected such that it exceeds the specific bulk material angle of the respective bulk material. Then no such horizontal tension can arise within the bulk material column that would lead to the construction of stable bridges and domes. When dimensioning these internals, the goods to be stored or their specific bulk material angle must be taken into account.
  • the critical ones can be handled with many bulk materials Horizontal stresses, which lead to the formation of stable bridges and domes from a critical value dependent on the bulk material within the bulk material column, are undershot. The stability of the bulk material is then too low for stable bridges and domes to form; rather, they collapse continuously.
  • Silos with the friction brakes described have proven themselves as small, medium and large silos for numerous difficult-to-flow bulk materials, such as. B. wood chips, wood chips, dust, mud, chemicals and minerals.
  • the braking friction is often g ring, so that the vertical load and due to horizontal stresses prevail; If the structural condition changes, the brake friction may be too great, so that the movement of the bulk goods column comes to a standstill at one or more points because the residual load is not sufficient to keep the gravitational flow of the goods going. In both cases, the same effect occurs despite various causes: the waste can no longer be discharged. The reason for this phenomenon lies in the behavior of this bulk material, which is comparable to the behavior of rubber.
  • the invention has for its object to design the generic silo so that the downward movement of the bulk material necessary for discharge is always supported by the internals regardless of its structure.
  • the braking surface inclined to the silo floor also extends obliquely in the circumferential direction of the silo to its outer surface.
  • the bulk material is braked on this surface, but does not come to a standstill because it. can continuously slide towards the silo floor.
  • the bulk material is not simultaneously braked in any horizontal plane of the silo on adjacent braking surface sections.
  • the friction cannot become too large, but on the other hand, it cannot be too small either, because the material along one essentially. closed path is supported.
  • the angle of inclination at which the braking surface is positioned against the silo wall is not so important, so that even larger deviations do not impair the discharge.
  • the effective braking area is significantly increased by the inventive design.
  • the braking surface not only includes a wedge angle with the silo wall, but also with the horizontal silo levels, each with an incline angle.
  • the wedge and / or the pitch angle can therefore be changed so that with bulk materials with a higher bulk weight and a tendency to form bridges, such as tree bark, in particular spruce bark or similar fibrous materials, constant, sufficient relief of the bulk material column is possible, the ratio between wall friction and residual load of the bulk material column can be kept approximately constant according to the invention in all silo levels.
  • the helical internals according to the invention can also be used in combination with the known internals, such as wedge-shaped or conical bodies, so that the internals support and complement one another in their mode of action.
  • the drawings show a silo 1, which in all embodiments contains a friction brake designed as a helix 2.
  • the silo has a cylindrical wall 3 and at the bottom 4 a discharge device which has a milling rotor 6 which can be rotated about the vertical silo axis 5.
  • the rotor 6 penetrates with its shaft 7 to the bottom of the silo 4, and has two for discharging of the goods certain arms 9 and 10 which rotate above the bottom 4 and the G ut by two bottom openings therethrough in open at the top, approximately horizontally extending troughs 11 and 12 promote.
  • Below the silo floor The shaft 7 carries a variable-speed geared motor 8.
  • the discharge device at the lower end of the silo can also be designed differently, for example containing a rotating mill or screw.
  • the silo can also have a conical outlet, which does not have to contain a discharge device.
  • the helix 2 is attached to the silo wall 15. Its side facing the free silo interior forms a braking or friction surface 17 for the respective bulk material.
  • This braking surface 17 is composed of braking surface sections 18, which are formed by the individual spiral passages and run obliquely downwards in the longitudinal direction of the silo 1 on the silo wall 15 over a central angle of 360 ° each.
  • the helix 2 extends almost over the entire free silo height, such that its two ends are only a relatively short distance from the rotor 6 or from the filling opening 19 of the silo.
  • the helix 2 is fastened to the silo wall 15 with its upper edge 20, for example welded on, while its lower edge 21 projects into the free silo interior 16.
  • the braking surface sections 18 therefore each include an angle of attack or wedge angle 4 with the silo wall 15, which is approximately 15 ° in the exemplary embodiment shown.
  • this wedge angle can vary in size across the height of the silo, in particular increasing towards the bottom of the silo, so that the coil 2 in the lower silo area projects further into the silo interior than in the upper area.
  • only individual braking surface sections can be set to be less steep than the silo wall. It is also possible to change the width to select the helix differently, for example in such a way that, despite different wedge angles ⁇ , the dimension of the cantilever in the interior remains the same.
  • the helix 2 With the horizontal silo planes, the helix 2 includes an angle of inclination A which in the embodiments according to FIGS. 1 and 3 decreases steadily in the direction of the silo floor. Therefore, the distance a between adjacent braking surface sections 18 is different in size and decreases in the direction of the silo floor 4, so that with increasing weight of the bulk material column, an increasingly larger braking surface is also available. The braking effect is thereby adapted to the vertical load, which increases from the upper edge of the bulk material in the direction of the silo bottom 4 approximately according to an e-function.
  • the helix can extend over its entire height or, e.g. in large silos, only be heated in their lower area.
  • 4 shows a particularly expedient embodiment in which the helix 2 can be heated with hot water or steam.
  • the lower edge of the band forming the helix 2 is connected to the silo wall by a bottom band 21, so that a closed channel 22, which also extends in a helical shape, is formed.
  • This channel has an upper inlet and a lower outlet, each with a tap or valve, and can thus be connected to a heating system operated with hot water or steam.
  • the heating channel 22 can of course also extend over a greater or the entire height of the coil.
  • the direct heating of the helix not only prevents freezing of good particles, but also has the advantage that when the silo is filled with partially frozen goods, a thawing effect occurs, so that ice crystals are melted from the good particles, which can then easily slide down.
  • the silo jacket can also be heated, which is also expediently thermally insulated.
  • An electrical heater for the coil and / or the silo wall can also be provided.
  • additional friction brakes 23 and 24 can be arranged in the free space then above and / or below the helix, as they are e.g. in DE-OS 23 18 560 and DE-AS 19 51 754 are shown in detail.
  • the wedge-shaped friction brakes 23 are expediently arranged in the upper free space because jamming of material between adjacent wedges occurs less easily because of the still low weight of the bulk material column.
  • the cone body 24 is arranged in the lower free space, because in this area also highly compressible material, such as tree bark, reaches a predictable structural state due to the load of the bulk material column and the angle of the bulk material can therefore be determined with sufficient accuracy.
  • brake wedges, coils and cone bodies can also be arranged in different sequences over the silo height.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • Filling Or Emptying Of Bunkers, Hoppers, And Tanks (AREA)
  • Storage Of Harvested Produce (AREA)
  • Heterocyclic Carbon Compounds Containing A Hetero Ring Having Oxygen Or Sulfur (AREA)

Abstract

A storage silo adapted to difficultly flowing bulk materials to be discharged at the bottom of the silo. A baffle is disposed in a cylindrical container. The baffle is attached to the cylindrical container wall and runs inclined along said wall to the silo bottom. Baffle sections extend along a helical path over a central angle of at least about 360 degrees and are substantially continuously connected. At least some baffle sections following in circumferential direction along the silo wall are staggered with respect to each other increasing with the distance from the bottom. The baffle is preferably provided as a helical band. The pitch angle of the baffle relative to the cylindrical wall can be from about 15 to 30 degrees. A heating element can be provided to allow for heating of at least part of the baffle.

Description

Die Erfindung betrifft einen Silo für insbesondere schwerfließendes Schüttgut nach dem Oberbegriff des Anspruches 1.The invention relates to a silo for in particular poorly flowing bulk goods.

Das Austragen von schwerfließendem Schüttgut aus einem solchen Hochsilo wird dadurch erschwert, daß sich innerhalb der im Silo vorhandenen Schüttgutsäule Brücken und Dome bilden, die Gravitationsfluß des Gutes behindern. Das Schüttgut kann dann nicht oder nicht schnell genug aus dem Silo ausgetragen werden, weil es nicht genügend zum unteren Siloende nachrutscht. Die dort meist vorhandenen mechanischen Austragsvorrichtungen, wie z. B. Schnecken, Fräsen, Rührwerke, Schieber und dgl.,können dann das Schüttgut nicht oder nicht ausreichend erfassen.The discharge of poorly flowing bulk material from such a high silo is made difficult by the fact that bridges and domes are formed within the bulk material column present in the silo, which impede the gravitational flow of the good. The bulk material can then not be discharged from the silo, or cannot be discharged quickly enough, because it does not slide enough towards the lower end of the silo. The mechanical discharge devices usually present there, such as. B. screws, milling, agitators, slide and the like. Then, the bulk material can not or not sufficiently.

Ein Silo der eingangs genannten Art ist aus der DE-AS 19 51 754 bekannt. Die Reibungsbremse dieses Silos besteht aus mehreren Keilen, die in Draufsicht auf den Silo drei in Umfangsrichtung mit Abstand hintereinander angeordnete Gruppen bilden, die jeweils einen Zentriwinkel von kleiner als 120° einnehmen. Innerhalb jeder Gruppe sind die Keile mit zunehmendem Bodenabstand gegeneinander versetzt, wobei auf gleicher Höhe des Silos je drei Keile vorhanden sind, von denen jeder zu einer anderen der drei Gruppen gehört. Bei dieser Anordnung der Einbauten müssen besondere Maßnahmen getroffen werden, um ein Verklemmen und Festbacken von Silogut zwischen den in Umfangsrichtung benachbarten Keilen zu vermeiden. Die hierfür an den Keilen vorgesehenen schrägen Seitenflächen sind bei vielen schwerfließenden Schüttgütern durchaus wirksam, können aber unter besonders schwierigen Bedingungen die Brückenbildung nicht immer verhindern.A silo of the type mentioned is known from DE-AS 19 51 754. The friction brake of this silo consists of several wedges which, in a plan view of the silo, form three groups arranged one behind the other in the circumferential direction, each of which has a central angle of less than 120 °. Within each group, the wedges are offset from one another with increasing ground clearance, whereby there are three wedges at the same height of the silo, each of which is a different one which belongs to three groups. With this arrangement of the internals, special measures must be taken to avoid jamming and sticking of silo material between the wedges adjacent in the circumferential direction. The slanted side surfaces provided for this on the wedges are effective for many difficult-to-flow bulk materials, but cannot always prevent bridging under particularly difficult conditions.

Aus der DE-OS 23 18 560 ist ein weiterer Silo mit einer Reibungsbremse bekannt, die aus mehreren konusförmigen Einbauten besteht, die in Silolängsrichtung und an der Silowandung mit Abstand übereinander angeordnet sind und mit ihren Oberkanten an die Silowandung angrenzen. Ihre Bremsfläche verläuft ebenfalls von der Silowandung aus schräg zum Siloboden geneigt. Diese Einbauten vergrößern die Reibwerte zwischen Schüttgut und Silowandung, wodurch ein voherbestimmbarer Gewichtsanteil der Schüttgutsäule von der Silowandung aufgenommen wird. Die dadurch verringerten Vertikallasten bewirken in den betreffenden Ebenen der Schüttgutsäule eine Reduzierung der Horizontalspannungen, die maßgeblichen Einfluß auf die Standfestigkeit von Brücken und Domen innerhalb von Schüttgutsäulen haben.From DE-OS 23 18 560 another silo with a friction brake is known, which consists of several cone-shaped internals, which are arranged one above the other in the longitudinal direction of the silo and on the silo wall and adjoin the top of the silo wall. Its braking surface also slopes from the silo wall at an angle to the silo floor. These internals increase the coefficients of friction between the bulk material and the silo wall, which means that a predeterminable proportion by weight of the bulk material column is absorbed by the silo wall. The resulting reduced vertical loads result in a reduction in the horizontal stresses in the relevant levels of the bulk material column, which have a significant influence on the stability of bridges and domes within bulk material columns.

Damit die Schüttgutbewegung beim Austragen nicht zum Stillstand kommt, muß der Neigungswinkel jeder dieser Konuskörper so gewählt sein, daß er den spezifischen Schüttgutwinkel des jeweiligen Schüttgutes übersteigt. Es kann dann innerhalb der Schüttgutsäule keine solche Horizontalspannung entstehen, die zum Aufbau standfester Brücken und Dome führen würde. Bei der Dimensionierung dieser Einbauten muß als das zu speichernde Gut bzw. dessen spezifischer Schüttgutwinkel berücksichtigt werden. Mit diesen bekannten Silos können bei vielen Schüttgütern die kritischen Horizontalspannungen, die ab einem vom Schüttgut abhängigen kritischen Wert innerhalb der Schüttgutsäule zur Bildung standfester Brücken und Dome führen, unterschritten werden. Die Standfestigkeit des Schüttgutes ist dann zu gering,als daß sich tragfähige Brücken und Dome ausbilden könnten; diese stürzen vielmehr laufend ein.So that the bulk material movement does not come to a standstill during discharge, the angle of inclination of each of these cone bodies must be selected such that it exceeds the specific bulk material angle of the respective bulk material. Then no such horizontal tension can arise within the bulk material column that would lead to the construction of stable bridges and domes. When dimensioning these internals, the goods to be stored or their specific bulk material angle must be taken into account. With these known silos, the critical ones can be handled with many bulk materials Horizontal stresses, which lead to the formation of stable bridges and domes from a critical value dependent on the bulk material within the bulk material column, are undershot. The stability of the bulk material is then too low for stable bridges and domes to form; rather, they collapse continuously.

Silos mit den beschriebenen Reibungsbremsen haben sich als Klein-, Mittel- und Großraumsilos für zahlreiche schwerfließende Schüttgüter bewährt, wie z. B. Holzspäne, Hackschnitzel, Staub, Schlamm, Chemie- und Mineralstoffe.Silos with the friction brakes described have proven themselves as small, medium and large silos for numerous difficult-to-flow bulk materials, such as. B. wood chips, wood chips, dust, mud, chemicals and minerals.

Sollen in einem Silo auch Stoffe mit besonders hohem Schüttgewicht gespeichert werden, die zudem stark komprimierbar sind, wie z. B. Baumrinde, insbesondere Fichtenrinde, so entstehen besondere Schwierigkeiten beim Austragen. Mit den bekannten Einbauten kann die Entlastung der aus solchen faserigen Stoffen bestehenden Schüttgutsäule nicht so dosiert werden, daß ein im wesentlichen konstantes Verhältnis zwischen Wandreibung und Restlast der Schüttgutsäule erreicht wird. In Abhängigkeit von dem jeweiligen Gefügezustand des Schüttgutes ändert sich das Verhältnis zwischen Bremswirkung und Restlast der Säule ständig. Dadurch ist die Bremsreibung oft zu gring, so daß die Vertikallast und durch sie bedingte Horizontalspannungen überwiegen; bei verändertem Gefügezustand kann die Bremsreibung zu groß sein, so daß die Bewegung der Schüttgutsäule an einer oder mehreren Stellen zum Stillstand kommt, weil die Restlast nicht ausreicht, um den Gravitationsfluß des Gutes in Gang zu halten. In beiden Fällen tritt trotz verschiedener Ursachen dieselbe Wirkung ein: das ScMttgut kann nicht mehr ausgetragen werden. Der Grund für dieses Phänomen liegt in dem beschriebenen Verhalten dieses Schüttgutes, das etwa mit dem Verhalten von Gummi vergleichbar ist.Should substances with a particularly high bulk density be stored in a silo, which are also highly compressible, e.g. B. tree bark, especially spruce bark, there are particular difficulties in carrying. With the known internals, the relief of the bulk material column consisting of such fibrous substances cannot be metered in such a way that an essentially constant ratio between wall friction and residual load of the bulk material column is achieved. Depending on the structure of the bulk material, the ratio between the braking effect and the residual load of the column changes constantly. Thereby, the braking friction is often g ring, so that the vertical load and due to horizontal stresses prevail; If the structural condition changes, the brake friction may be too great, so that the movement of the bulk goods column comes to a standstill at one or more points because the residual load is not sufficient to keep the gravitational flow of the goods going. In both cases, the same effect occurs despite various causes: the waste can no longer be discharged. The reason for this phenomenon lies in the behavior of this bulk material, which is comparable to the behavior of rubber.

Der Erfindung liegt die Aufgabe zugrunde, den gattungsgemäßen Silo so auszubilden, daß die zum Austragen notwendige Abwärtsbewegung des Schüttgutes unabhängig von dessen Struktur durch die Einbauten stets unterstützt wird.The invention has for its object to design the generic silo so that the downward movement of the bulk material necessary for discharge is always supported by the internals regardless of its structure.

Diese Aufgabe wird erfindungsgemäß mit den kennzeichnenden Merkmalen des Anspruches 1 gelöst.This object is achieved with the characterizing features of claim 1.

Bei der erfindungsgemäßen Anordnung verläuft die zum Siloboden geneigte Bremsfläche außerdem in Umfangsrichtung des Silos schräg zu dessen Mantelfläche. Das Schüttgut wird auf dieser Fläche zwar gebremt, kommt aber nicht zum Stillstand, weil es . kontinuierlich in Richtung zum Siloboden gleiten kann. Dabei wird das Schüttgut in keiner Horizontalebene des Silos an benachbarten Bremsflächenabschnitten gleichzeitig abgebremst. Die Reibung kann also einerseits nicht zu groß werden, andererseits aber auch nicht zu klein, weil das Gut entlang einer im wesentlichen . geschlossenen Bahn abgestützt wird. Infolge dieser einseitigen Abstützung kommt es auch auf den Neigungswinkel, unter dem die Bremsfläche zur Silowandung angestellt ist, nicht so entscheidend an, so daß selbst größere Abweichungen den Austrag nicht beeinträchtigen. Schließlich wird durch die erfindungsgemäße Ausbildung auch die wirksame Bremsfläche wesentlich vergrößert.In the arrangement according to the invention, the braking surface inclined to the silo floor also extends obliquely in the circumferential direction of the silo to its outer surface. The bulk material is braked on this surface, but does not come to a standstill because it. can continuously slide towards the silo floor. The bulk material is not simultaneously braked in any horizontal plane of the silo on adjacent braking surface sections. On the one hand, the friction cannot become too large, but on the other hand, it cannot be too small either, because the material along one essentially. closed path is supported. As a result of this one-sided support, the angle of inclination at which the braking surface is positioned against the silo wall is not so important, so that even larger deviations do not impair the discharge. Finally, the effective braking area is significantly increased by the inventive design.

Infolge der wendelförmigen Bahn schließt die Bremsfläche nicht nur mit der Silowandung einen Keilwinkel ein, sondern zusätzlich mit den horizontalen Siloebenen jeweils einen Steigungswinkel. Zur Anpassung an die Eigenschaften des jeweiligen Schüttgutes können daher der Keil- und/oder der Steigungswinkel verändert werden, so daß bei Schüttgütern mit höherem Schüttgewicht und Neigung zu Brückenbildung, wie Baumrinde, insbesondere Fichtenrinde oder ähnlichen faserigen Stoffen, eine konstante, ausreichende Entlastung der Schüttgutsäule möglich ist, wobei das Verhältnis zwischen Wandreibung und Restlast der Schüttgutsäule erfindungsgemäß in allen Siloebenen annähernd konstant gehalten werden kann.As a result of the helical path, the braking surface not only includes a wedge angle with the silo wall, but also with the horizontal silo levels, each with an incline angle. In order to adapt to the properties of the respective bulk material, the wedge and / or the pitch angle can therefore be changed so that with bulk materials with a higher bulk weight and a tendency to form bridges, such as tree bark, in particular spruce bark or similar fibrous materials, constant, sufficient relief of the bulk material column is possible, the ratio between wall friction and residual load of the bulk material column can be kept approximately constant according to the invention in all silo levels.

Die erfindungsgemäßen wendelartigen Einbauten können auch mit den bekannten Einbauten, wie keil- oder konusförmigen Körpern, in Kombination angewendet werden, so daß die Einbauten einander in ihrer Wirkungsweise unterstützen und ergänzen.The helical internals according to the invention can also be used in combination with the known internals, such as wedge-shaped or conical bodies, so that the internals support and complement one another in their mode of action.

In den Unteransprüchen sind weitere Merkmale der Erfindung gekennzeichnet. Einige Ausführungsformen werden im folgenden anhand der Zeichnungen näher erläutert. Es zeigen:

  • Fig. 1 einen Hochsilo im Axialschnitt,
  • Fig. 2 eine andere Ausführungsform im Axialschnitt,
  • Fig. 3 eine weitere Ausführungsform, ebenfalls im Axialschnitt,
  • Fig. 4 einen Teil-Axialschnitt eines Silos mit beheizter Wendel.
Further features of the invention are characterized in the subclaims. Some embodiments are explained below with reference to the drawings. Show it:
  • 1 is a silo in axial section,
  • 2 shows another embodiment in axial section,
  • 3 shows a further embodiment, also in axial section,
  • Fig. 4 is a partial axial section of a silo with a heated coil.

Die Zeichnungen zeigen einen Hochsilo 1, der in allen Ausführungsformen eine als Wendel 2 ausgebildete Reibungsbremse enthält. Der Silo hat eine zylindrische Wand 3 und am Boden 4 eine Austragvorrichtung, die einen Fräsrotor 6 aufweist, der um die vertikale Siloachse 5 drehbar ist. Der Rotor 6 durchsetzt mit seiner Welle 7 den Siloboden 4 und hat zwei zum Austragen des Gutes bestimmte Arme 9 und 10, die oberhalb des Bodens 4 umlaufen und das Gut durch zwei Bodenöffnungen hindurch in nach oben offene, etwa horizontal liegende Tröge 11 und 12 fördern. Unterhalb des Silobodens trägt die Welle 7 einen Regelgetriebemotor 8. In den beiden Trögen 11 und 12, deren Längsachsen auf einer Diagonalen des Silos liegen und miteinander fluchten, ist je eine von zwei Fördernschnecken 13 und 14 gelagert. Die Austragvorrichtung am unteren Siloende kann auch anders gestaltet sein,z.B. eine umlaufende Fräse oder Schnecke enthalten. Auch kann der Silo einen konischen Auslauf haben, der keine Austragvorrichtung enthalten muß.The drawings show a silo 1, which in all embodiments contains a friction brake designed as a helix 2. The silo has a cylindrical wall 3 and at the bottom 4 a discharge device which has a milling rotor 6 which can be rotated about the vertical silo axis 5. The rotor 6 penetrates with its shaft 7 to the bottom of the silo 4, and has two for discharging of the goods certain arms 9 and 10 which rotate above the bottom 4 and the G ut by two bottom openings therethrough in open at the top, approximately horizontally extending troughs 11 and 12 promote. Below the silo floor The shaft 7 carries a variable-speed geared motor 8. In the two troughs 11 and 12, the longitudinal axes of which lie on a diagonal of the silo and are aligned with one another, one of two feed screws 13 and 14 is supported. The discharge device at the lower end of the silo can also be designed differently, for example containing a rotating mill or screw. The silo can also have a conical outlet, which does not have to contain a discharge device.

Die Wendel 2 ist an der Silowandung 15 befestigt. Ihre dem freien Siloinnenraum zugewandte Seite bildet eine Brems- bzw. Reibungsfläche 17 für das jeweilige Schüttgut. Diese Bremsfläche 17 setzt sich aus Bremsflächenabschnitten 18 zusammen, die durch die einzelnen Wendelgänge gebildet sind und in Längsrichtung des Silos 1 schräg nach unten an der Silowandung 15 über einen Zentriwinkel von je 360° verlaufen. Bei der Ausführungsform nach Fig. 1 erstreckt sich die Wendel 2 nahezu über die gesamte freie Silohöhe, derart, daß ihre beiden Enden von dem Rotor 6 bzw. von der Füllöffnung 19 des Silos nur relativ geringen Abstand haben.The helix 2 is attached to the silo wall 15. Its side facing the free silo interior forms a braking or friction surface 17 for the respective bulk material. This braking surface 17 is composed of braking surface sections 18, which are formed by the individual spiral passages and run obliquely downwards in the longitudinal direction of the silo 1 on the silo wall 15 over a central angle of 360 ° each. In the embodiment according to FIG. 1, the helix 2 extends almost over the entire free silo height, such that its two ends are only a relatively short distance from the rotor 6 or from the filling opening 19 of the silo.

Die Wendel 2 ist an der Silowandung 15 mit ihrem oberen Rand 20 befestigt, z.B. angeschweißt, während ihr unterer Rand 21 jeweils in den freien Siloinnenraum 16 ragt. Die Bremsflächenabschnitte 18 schließen daher mit der Silowandung 15 jeweils einen Anstell- oder Keilwinkei 4ein, der beim dargestellten Ausführungsbeispiel etwa 15° beträgt. Je nach den Eigenschaften des jeweiligen Schüttgutes kann dieser Keilwinkel über die Silohöhe unterschiedlich groß sein, insbesondere in Richtung zum Siloboden zunehmen, so daß die Wendel 2 im unteren Silobereich weiter in den Siloinnenraum hineinragt als im oberen Bereich. Entsprechend können auch nur einzelne Bremsflächenabschnitte weniger steil zur Silowandung angestellt sein. Es ist auch möglich, die Breite der Wendel unterschiedlich zu wählen, z.B. derart, daß trotz unterschiedlichem Keilwinkel α das Maß der Auskragung in den Innenraum gleich bleibt.The helix 2 is fastened to the silo wall 15 with its upper edge 20, for example welded on, while its lower edge 21 projects into the free silo interior 16. The braking surface sections 18 therefore each include an angle of attack or wedge angle 4 with the silo wall 15, which is approximately 15 ° in the exemplary embodiment shown. Depending on the properties of the bulk material in question, this wedge angle can vary in size across the height of the silo, in particular increasing towards the bottom of the silo, so that the coil 2 in the lower silo area projects further into the silo interior than in the upper area. Correspondingly, only individual braking surface sections can be set to be less steep than the silo wall. It is also possible to change the width to select the helix differently, for example in such a way that, despite different wedge angles α, the dimension of the cantilever in the interior remains the same.

Die Wendel 2 schließt mit den horizontalen Siloebenen einen Steigungswinkel A ein, der bei den Ausführungsformen nach den Fig. 1 und 3 in Richtung auf den Siloboden stetig abnimmt. Daher ist der Abstand a benachbarter Bremsflächenabschnitte 18 jeweils unterschiedlich groß und nimmt in Richtung auf den Siloboden 4 ab, so daß mit zunehmendem Gewicht der Schüttgutsäule eine ebenfalls zunehmend größere Bremsfläche zur Verfügung steht. Die Bremswirkung ist dadurch der Vertikallast angepaßt, die vom oberen Rand des Schüttgutes in Richtung auf den Siloboden 4 etwa entsprechend einer e-Funktion zunimmt.With the horizontal silo planes, the helix 2 includes an angle of inclination A which in the embodiments according to FIGS. 1 and 3 decreases steadily in the direction of the silo floor. Therefore, the distance a between adjacent braking surface sections 18 is different in size and decreases in the direction of the silo floor 4, so that with increasing weight of the bulk material column, an increasingly larger braking surface is also available. The braking effect is thereby adapted to the vertical load, which increases from the upper edge of the bulk material in the direction of the silo bottom 4 approximately according to an e-function.

Um den Gutaustrag auch bei Frostwetter zu gewährleisten, kann die Wendel über ihre ganze Höhe oder, z.B. bei Großraumsilos, lediglich in ihrem unteren Bereich beheizt sein. In Fig. 4 ist eine besonders zweckmäßige Ausführung gezeigt, bei der die Wendel 2 mit Warmwasser oder Dampf beheizt werden kann. Hierfür ist die Unterkante des die Wendel 2 bildenden Bandes mit der Silowandung durch ein Bodenband 21 verbunden, so daß ein ebenfalls wendelförmig verlaufender, geschlossener Kanal 22 gebildet ist. Dieser Kanal hat einen oberen Zulauf und einen unteren Ablauf mit je einem Hahn oder Ventil und kann damit an ein mit Warmwasser oder mit Dampf betriebenes Heizsystem angeschlossen werden. Der Heizkanal 22 kann sich natürlich auch über eine größere oder die ganze Höhe der Wendel erstrecken.In order to ensure good discharge even in frosty weather, the helix can extend over its entire height or, e.g. in large silos, only be heated in their lower area. 4 shows a particularly expedient embodiment in which the helix 2 can be heated with hot water or steam. For this purpose, the lower edge of the band forming the helix 2 is connected to the silo wall by a bottom band 21, so that a closed channel 22, which also extends in a helical shape, is formed. This channel has an upper inlet and a lower outlet, each with a tap or valve, and can thus be connected to a heating system operated with hot water or steam. The heating channel 22 can of course also extend over a greater or the entire height of the coil.

Die direkte Beheizung der Wendel verhindert nicht nur das Anfrieren von Gutpartikeln, sondern hat darüberhinaus den Vorteil, daß beim Befüllen des Silos mit schon teilweise gefrorenem Gut ein Auftaueffekt eintritt, so daß Eiskristalle aus den Gutteilchen geschmolzen werden, die dann leicht nach unten gleiten können.The direct heating of the helix not only prevents freezing of good particles, but also has the advantage that when the silo is filled with partially frozen goods, a thawing effect occurs, so that ice crystals are melted from the good particles, which can then easily slide down.

Zusätzlich zu der Wendel kann auch der Silomantel beheizt werden, der zweckmäßig auch wärmeisoliert ist. Es kann auch eine elektrische Heizung für die Wendel und/oder die Silowandung vorgesehen sein.In addition to the coil, the silo jacket can also be heated, which is also expediently thermally insulated. An electrical heater for the coil and / or the silo wall can also be provided.

Wie die Fig. 2 und 3 zeigen, können bei entsprechend geringer Wendelhöhe in dem dann oberhalb und/oder unterhalb der Wendel vorhandenen Freiraum zusätzliche Reibungsbremsen 23 bzw. 24 angeordnet sein, wie sie z.B. in der DE-OS 23 18 560 und der DE-AS 19 51 754 detailliert dargestellt sind. Die keilförmigen Reibungsbremsen 23 werden zweckmäßig in dem oberen Freiraum angeordnet, weil wegen des dort noch geringen Gewichtes der Schüttgutsäule ein Verklemmen von Gut zwischen benachbarten Keilen weniger leicht auftritt. Der Konuskörper 24 ist im unteren Freiraum angeordnet, weil in diesem Bereich auch stark komprimierbares Gut, wie Baumrinde, durch die Last der Schüttgutsäule einen vorhersehbaren Gefügezustand erreicht und der Schüttgutwinkel daher genügend genau bestimmbar ist. Je nach der Art des Schüttgutes können auch in unterschiedlicher Aufeinanderfolge über die Silohöhe verteilt Bremskeile, Wendeln und Konuskörper angeordnet sein.As shown in FIGS. 2 and 3, with a correspondingly low helix height, additional friction brakes 23 and 24 can be arranged in the free space then above and / or below the helix, as they are e.g. in DE-OS 23 18 560 and DE-AS 19 51 754 are shown in detail. The wedge-shaped friction brakes 23 are expediently arranged in the upper free space because jamming of material between adjacent wedges occurs less easily because of the still low weight of the bulk material column. The cone body 24 is arranged in the lower free space, because in this area also highly compressible material, such as tree bark, reaches a predictable structural state due to the load of the bulk material column and the angle of the bulk material can therefore be determined with sufficient accuracy. Depending on the type of bulk material, brake wedges, coils and cone bodies can also be arranged in different sequences over the silo height.

Claims (12)

1. Silo für insbesondere schwerfließendes, am unteren Siloende auszutragendes Schüttgut,mit als Reibungsbremse dienenden Einbauten, deren Bremsfläche von der Silowandung aus schräg zum Siloboden geneigt verläuft und in unterschiedlichen Höhen des Siloraumes liegt, derart, daß mindestens einige in Umfangsrichtung der Silowandung aufeinanderfolgende Bremsflächenabschnitte mit zunehmendem Bodenabstand gegeneinander versetzt sind,
dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß die Bremsflächenabschnitte (18) entlang einer wendelförmigen Bahn über einen Zentriwinkel von mindestens 360° verlaufen und innerhalb dieser Bahn im wesentlichen lückenlos aneinanderschließen.1. silo for in particular difficult-to-flow bulk material to be discharged at the lower end of the silo, with internals serving as a friction brake, the braking surface of which runs obliquely from the silo wall at an angle to the silo floor and lies at different heights of the silo space, in such a way that at least some braking surface sections which follow one another in the circumferential direction of the silo wall increasing ground clearance are offset from each other,
characterized in that the braking surface sections (18) run along a helical path over a central angle of at least 360 ° and connect to one another essentially without gaps within this path. 2. Silo nach Anspruch 1,
dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß die Reibungsbremse (2) aus mindestens einer bandförmigen Wendel besteht.2. Silo according to claim 1,
characterized in that the friction brake (2) consists of at least one band-shaped coil. 3. Silo nach Anspruch 1 oder 2,
dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß der Anstellwinkel (α) der Bremsfläche (17) zur Silowandung (15) in verschiedenen Höhen des Silos (1) unterschiedlich groß ist.3. Silo according to claim 1 or 2,
characterized in that the angle of attack (α) of the braking surface (17) to the silo wall (15) at different heights of the silo (1) is of different sizes. 4. Silo nach Anspruch 3, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß der Anstellwinkel (α) in einem Bereich von 15° bis 30° liegt, vorzugsweise etwa 20° bis 25° beträgt.4. Silo according to claim 3, characterized in that the angle of attack (α) is in a range from 15 ° to 30 °, preferably about 20 ° to 25 °. 5. Silo nach einem der Ansprüche 1 bis 4, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß der Abstand (a) aufeinanderfolgender Bremsflächenabschnitte (18) in Richtung auf den Siloboden (4), vorzugsweise stetig, abnimmt.5. Silo according to one of claims 1 to 4, characterized in that the distance (a) of successive braking surface sections (18) in the direction of the silo bottom (4), preferably steadily, decreases. 6. Silo nach einem der Ansprüche 1 bis 5, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß die Reibungsbremse (2) über ihre axiale Erstreckung unterschiedliche Steigungswinkel (ß ) hat, und daß der Steigungswinkel (β) in Richtung zum Siloboden (4), vorzugsweise stetig, abnimmt.6. Silo according to one of claims 1 to 5, characterized in that the friction brake (2) has different pitch angles (β) over its axial extent, and that the pitch angle (β) towards the silo bottom (4), preferably steadily, decreases . 7. Silo nach einem der Ansprüche 1 bis 6, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß die Reibungsbremse (2) auf wenigstens einem Teil ihrer Länge beheizbar ist.7. Silo according to one of claims 1 to 6, characterized in that the friction brake (2) can be heated over at least part of its length. 8. Silo nach Anspruch 7, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß zwischen der die Reibungsbremse (2) bildenden Wendel und der Silowand (3) ein geschlossener Kanal (22) für ein Heizmedium, wie Wasser oder Dampf, gebildet ist.8. Silo according to claim 7, characterized in that a closed channel (22) for a heating medium, such as water or steam, is formed between the helix forming the friction brake (2) and the silo wall (3). 9. Silo nach Anspruch 8, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß die Unterkante der Wendel mit der Silowand (3) durch ein wendelförmig verlaufendes Band (21) verbunden ist, das den Boden des Kanals (22) bildet.9. Silo according to claim 8, characterized in that the lower edge of the coil is connected to the silo wall (3) by a helically extending band (21) which forms the bottom of the channel (22). 10. Silo nach einem der Ansprüche 1 bis 9, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß zusätzlich zu der wendelförmigen Reibungsbremse (2) weitere als Reibungsbremsen wirkende Einbauten (23;24) vorgesehen sind.10. Silo according to one of claims 1 to 9, characterized in that in addition to the helical friction Brake (2) other internals acting as friction brakes (23; 24) are provided. 11. Silo nach Anspruch 10, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß oberhalb der wendelförmigen Reibungsbremse (2) an sich bekannte keilförmige Einbauten (23) angeordnet sind.11. Silo according to claim 10, characterized in that above the helical friction brake (2) known wedge-shaped internals (23) are arranged. 12. Silo nach Anspruch 10 oder 11, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß unterhalb der wendelförmigen Reibungsbremse (2) ein oder mehrere, an sich bekannte Konuskörper (24) angeordnet sind.12. Silo according to claim 10 or 11, characterized in that one or more known conical bodies (24) are arranged below the helical friction brake (2).
EP82108035A 1981-09-05 1982-09-01 Silo, especially for slowly flowing bulk material Expired EP0074076B1 (en)

Priority Applications (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
AT82108035T ATE25510T1 (en) 1981-09-05 1982-09-01 SILO FOR PARTICULARLY LOW-FLOWING BULK GOODS.

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
DE19813135295 DE3135295A1 (en) 1981-09-05 1981-09-05 SILO FOR IN PARTICULAR DIFFICULT FLOWERS
DE3135295 1981-09-05

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EP0074076A1 true EP0074076A1 (en) 1983-03-16
EP0074076B1 EP0074076B1 (en) 1987-02-25

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US (1) US4531876A (en)
EP (1) EP0074076B1 (en)
JP (1) JPS5882873A (en)
AT (1) ATE25510T1 (en)
CA (1) CA1175627A (en)
DE (2) DE3135295A1 (en)

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US8376682B2 (en) * 2008-12-23 2013-02-19 Schwing Bioset, Inc. Obstruction clearance mode for silo with reciprocating frame
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Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
ATE25510T1 (en) 1987-03-15
DE3135295A1 (en) 1983-03-24
CA1175627A (en) 1984-10-09
JPS5882873A (en) 1983-05-18
US4531876A (en) 1985-07-30
DE3275463D1 (en) 1987-04-02
EP0074076B1 (en) 1987-02-25

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