EP0073585A1 - Umschmelzverfahren für Legierungen - Google Patents

Umschmelzverfahren für Legierungen Download PDF

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Publication number
EP0073585A1
EP0073585A1 EP82304233A EP82304233A EP0073585A1 EP 0073585 A1 EP0073585 A1 EP 0073585A1 EP 82304233 A EP82304233 A EP 82304233A EP 82304233 A EP82304233 A EP 82304233A EP 0073585 A1 EP0073585 A1 EP 0073585A1
Authority
EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
ingot
component
mould
melting point
specific gravity
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Ceased
Application number
EP82304233A
Other languages
English (en)
French (fr)
Inventor
Charles B. Adasczik
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Special Metals Corp
Original Assignee
Special Metals Corp
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Special Metals Corp filed Critical Special Metals Corp
Publication of EP0073585A1 publication Critical patent/EP0073585A1/de
Ceased legal-status Critical Current

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Classifications

    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B22—CASTING; POWDER METALLURGY
    • B22D—CASTING OF METALS; CASTING OF OTHER SUBSTANCES BY THE SAME PROCESSES OR DEVICES
    • B22D23/00—Casting processes not provided for in groups B22D1/00 - B22D21/00
    • B22D23/06—Melting-down metal, e.g. metal particles, in the mould
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
    • C22B—PRODUCTION AND REFINING OF METALS; PRETREATMENT OF RAW MATERIALS
    • C22B60/00—Obtaining metals of atomic number 87 or higher, i.e. radioactive metals
    • C22B60/02—Obtaining thorium, uranium, or other actinides
    • C22B60/0204—Obtaining thorium, uranium, or other actinides obtaining uranium
    • C22B60/0286—Obtaining thorium, uranium, or other actinides obtaining uranium refining, melting, remelting, working up uranium
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
    • C22B—PRODUCTION AND REFINING OF METALS; PRETREATMENT OF RAW MATERIALS
    • C22B9/00—General processes of refining or remelting of metals; Apparatus for electroslag or arc remelting of metals
    • C22B9/16—Remelting metals
    • C22B9/20—Arc remelting
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
    • C22C—ALLOYS
    • C22C1/00—Making non-ferrous alloys
    • C22C1/02—Making non-ferrous alloys by melting

Definitions

  • the invention relates to a remelting process for producing an alloyed ingot having a substantially homogeneous distribution of components (i.e., chemical elements) which would otherwise tend to segregate in macroscopic areas of the ingot during conventional solidification processes.
  • components i.e., chemical elements
  • VIM vacuum induction melting
  • the molten metal is poured from the VIM crucible into large moulds in a relatively short time. Thus, the majority of the solidification occurs after the mould is full.
  • Many of these alloys have wide solidification ranges (i.e., the difference between the solidus and and liquidus temperatures) and their solutes have different solubilities in the solid vs. liquid solvent.
  • the first metal to solidify may be vastly different in chemical composition than the last metal to solidify and gross ingot chemical segregation results.
  • VAR vacuum arc remelting
  • ESR electroslag remelting
  • the composition of the liquid ahead of the solid-liquid interface is nearly equivalent to the exact electrode composition during the entire remelting process and gross ingot segregation is reduced.
  • the progressive directional solidification that occurs in the cold crucible also improves the physical homogeneity of the ingot by reducing the areas of porosity caused by material contraction during solidification.
  • Zanner et al. 4 are currently analyzing the vacuum arc remelting of uranium niobium alloys by numerical and experimental methods in order to reduce macrosegregation by improved process control.
  • the inherent complexity of the physics of the VAR process in having a consumable electrode remelting by an electric arc in intimate contact with a superheated liquid-metal pool limits the degree of process control that can be achieved and also the degree of macrosegregation control. 4 Zanner et al., "Computational and Experimental Analysis of a U-6 w/o Nb Vacuum Consumable Arc Remelted Ingot".
  • the present invention provides a remelting process for producing an alloyed ingot having a substantially homogeneous distribution of components which tend to form band macrosegregations comprising the steps of:
  • the remelting method of the present invention produces an alloyed ingot having a substantially homogeneous distribution of alloying elements (such as uranium-niobium or copper-aluminum alloys and the like) which tend to form "banding" (and “freckle") macrosegregations when remelted by VAR and ESR techniques.
  • alloying elements such as uranium-niobium or copper-aluminum alloys and the like
  • the method of the present invention depends upon the solidification of most of the liquid by homogeneous nucleation, creating a mushy zone of independent solid nucleii with liquid metal that has a viscous consistency, like a milk-shake, which allows negligible if any circulation of the liquid.
  • a mushy zone of independent solid nucleii with liquid metal that has a viscous consistency, like a milk-shake, which allows negligible if any circulation of the liquid.
  • Solidification occurs before liquid can segregate because the solid particles throughout the body absorb at least a portion of the heat of fusion so that no area of the body is superheated, and there are no abrupt changes in the heat transfer rate. Also, the solidification proceeds more rapidly than VAR and ESR since there is no superheated liquid pool above the mushy zone.
  • the droplets falling off the melting ingot onto the ingot contain solid nucelii and collectively form the mushy zone on the ingots themselves.
  • the term "mushy” as used in this patent application describes an alloy at a temperature between the liquidus and the solidus temperatures. These temperatures can be accurately determined by differential thermal analysis; see, e.g., William J. Boesch et al., Differential Thermal Analysis Detect Supe-ralloy Reactions, METALS PROGRESS, October 1975, for an article describing the technique.
  • the process of the present invention may be particularly useful in connection with systems which are characterized by inverse segregation, i.e., where the one component having a relatively high melting point also has a relatively low specific gravity or where the one component having a relatively low melting point also has a relatively high specific gravity.
  • At least one consumable electrode lO is provided in a controlled atmosphere furnace above a mould (or crucible) 24.
  • the preferred practice and figure are described in more complete detail in U.S. Patent No. 4,261,412, which is assigned to he Applicants of the present application and is hereby incorporated by reference.
  • the consumable ingot 10 may be prealloyed and have a nominal composition of the ingot to be cast or, less commonly, the ingot may comprise alternate strips of the metals which make up the alloy system. Also, as is shown in the figure there may be two ingots both of which may be consumable. Also there may be multiple pairs of ingots consumed simultaneously. In addition to arc processes, the ingot or ingots may also be melted (as described below) by electron beams, plasma arc and like processes.
  • a 203.2mm (8 inch) diameter VIM prealloyed 4.3 w/o copper-aluminium ingot was melted in accordance with the present invention into a 152.4mm (6 inch) diameter by 355.6mm (14 inches) long remelted ingot in a furnace depicted in the figure.
  • the ingot was melted at a rate of 3.375.kg (7.5 pounds) per minute at a nominal current of 4000 amps and voltage of 26 to 28 volts.
  • Seven Type K thermocouples at 50.8mm (2 inch) intervals along the sidewall of the mould 24 measured the temperature of the ingot being formed.
  • a portion of the consumable ingot 10 was heated to a temperature between the solidus and liquidus temperatures of the nominal composition of the ingot to be formed in the mould below.
  • a second ingot (in this case, a consumable ingot) 12 having the same composition was positioned near to the first ingot 10 to form a gap 14 between their adjacent ends.
  • An electric arc was struck in the gap 14 between the adjacent ends of ingots 10 and 12.
  • partially solidified droplets 20 began to fall onto the ingot 26 in the mould 24 and form a mushy body 27.
  • thermocouples in the wall of the mould 24 indicated that the maximum temperature of the mushy body 27 on the 4.3 w/o copper-aluminium ingot 26 varied between 1189 0 F (642.8°C) to 1205°F (651.7°C).
  • the solidus and liquidous temperatures of this composition was shown by differential thermal analysis to be 1117°F (602.8°C) and 1234°F (6 67 .8 C ) respectively.
  • the phase diagram indicates that systems such as these copper-aluminium compositions (i.e., containing less than about 26 w/o copper) will tend to inversely segregate because the solidifying alloy tends to be lighter than the remaining liquid.
  • the relative specific gravities of these components indicates that the segregations would tend to segregate as bands.
  • the mushy body 27 on the ingot 26 solidified without a liquid pool having formed.
  • the 152.4mm (6 inch) diameter ingot was sectioned longitudinally and chemically etched for macrostructure inspection.
  • the ingot had a uniform equidexed grain structure with the grain size being less than 1.5875 mm (1/16 inch) in diameter. There was no evidence of banding.
  • the consumable ingots 10 and 12 are oscillated by any suitable means-16 and 18 to promote even burn-off and to prevent the partially solidified droplets from being significantly superheated.
  • the mould 24 itself may be of various forms and shapes depending upon the desired products, including forms and shapes of the final products as well as traditional intermediate forms such as billets.
  • the figure depicts a rotatable mould driven by rotated shaft means 28 for achieving even distribution of droplets 20 across the ingot surface.
  • the mould 24 may also have a means for lowering the ingot 26 as it forms.
  • the furnance should have a controlled atmosphere, e.g., a vacuum created by any suitable means such as pump 22 as depicted.
  • banding macrosegregation sensitive systems such as uranium-columbium (such as the 6 w/o columbium-uranium alloy) and lithium-aluminium systems may be remelted into substantially homogeneous ingots in accordance with the present invention.
  • strengthening particles such as yttria or thora or fibres such as silicon carbide may be injected to the stream of droplets 20 as they fall to the mushy body.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • Metallurgy (AREA)
  • Materials Engineering (AREA)
  • General Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
  • Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
  • Organic Chemistry (AREA)
  • Manufacturing & Machinery (AREA)
  • Geology (AREA)
  • Environmental & Geological Engineering (AREA)
  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Plasma & Fusion (AREA)
  • Manufacture And Refinement Of Metals (AREA)
EP82304233A 1981-08-26 1982-08-11 Umschmelzverfahren für Legierungen Ceased EP0073585A1 (de)

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
US29638881A 1981-08-26 1981-08-26
US296388 1994-08-26

Publications (1)

Publication Number Publication Date
EP0073585A1 true EP0073585A1 (de) 1983-03-09

Family

ID=23141805

Family Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
EP82304233A Ceased EP0073585A1 (de) 1981-08-26 1982-08-11 Umschmelzverfahren für Legierungen

Country Status (5)

Country Link
EP (1) EP0073585A1 (de)
JP (1) JPS5845338A (de)
AU (1) AU8678782A (de)
BR (1) BR8204957A (de)
CA (1) CA1202490A (de)

Cited By (16)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
EP0259856A2 (de) * 1986-09-09 1988-03-16 Nippon Kokan Kabushiki Kaisha Verfahren zur Herstellung von Legierungen
EP0314981A1 (de) * 1987-11-02 1989-05-10 Siemens Aktiengesellschaft Verfahren zur Herstellung von Schmelzwerkstoffen aus Kupfer, Chrom und wenigstens einer leichtverdampflichen Komponente sowie Abschmelzelektrode zur Verwendung bei einem derartigen Verfahren
EP0429019A1 (de) * 1989-11-20 1991-05-29 Nkk Corporation Verfahren zur Herstellung einer Legierung mit hoher Reaktionsfähigkeit
EP0479757A1 (de) * 1990-10-05 1992-04-08 BÖHLER Edelstahl GmbH Verfahren und Vorrichtung zur Herstellung von Titan-Aluminium-Basislegierungen
US6264717B1 (en) * 1999-11-15 2001-07-24 General Electric Company Clean melt nucleated cast article
EP1247872A1 (de) * 2001-03-13 2002-10-09 Solar Applied Material Technology Corp. Verfahren zur Herstellung von Sputter-Target
US6496529B1 (en) 2000-11-15 2002-12-17 Ati Properties, Inc. Refining and casting apparatus and method
US7114548B2 (en) 2004-12-09 2006-10-03 Ati Properties, Inc. Method and apparatus for treating articles during formation
US7578960B2 (en) 2005-09-22 2009-08-25 Ati Properties, Inc. Apparatus and method for clean, rapidly solidified alloys
US7798199B2 (en) 2007-12-04 2010-09-21 Ati Properties, Inc. Casting apparatus and method
US7803212B2 (en) 2005-09-22 2010-09-28 Ati Properties, Inc. Apparatus and method for clean, rapidly solidified alloys
US7803211B2 (en) 2005-09-22 2010-09-28 Ati Properties, Inc. Method and apparatus for producing large diameter superalloy ingots
US8642916B2 (en) 2007-03-30 2014-02-04 Ati Properties, Inc. Melting furnace including wire-discharge ion plasma electron emitter
US8747956B2 (en) 2011-08-11 2014-06-10 Ati Properties, Inc. Processes, systems, and apparatus for forming products from atomized metals and alloys
US8748773B2 (en) 2007-03-30 2014-06-10 Ati Properties, Inc. Ion plasma electron emitters for a melting furnace
US8891583B2 (en) 2000-11-15 2014-11-18 Ati Properties, Inc. Refining and casting apparatus and method

Citations (4)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US2899294A (en) * 1959-08-11 Purification melting process for metal-
FR1187024A (fr) * 1957-08-12 1959-09-04 Westinghouse Electric Corp Procédé de fabrication de lingots sains et homogènes
DE1213874C2 (de) * 1956-12-26 1966-10-27
GB2049513A (en) * 1979-05-14 1980-12-31 Special Metals Corp Apparatus for and method of fine grain casting prealloyed metal

Patent Citations (4)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US2899294A (en) * 1959-08-11 Purification melting process for metal-
DE1213874C2 (de) * 1956-12-26 1966-10-27
FR1187024A (fr) * 1957-08-12 1959-09-04 Westinghouse Electric Corp Procédé de fabrication de lingots sains et homogènes
GB2049513A (en) * 1979-05-14 1980-12-31 Special Metals Corp Apparatus for and method of fine grain casting prealloyed metal

Cited By (28)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
EP0259856A2 (de) * 1986-09-09 1988-03-16 Nippon Kokan Kabushiki Kaisha Verfahren zur Herstellung von Legierungen
EP0259856A3 (de) * 1986-09-09 1989-10-18 Nippon Kokan Kabushiki Kaisha Verfahren zur Herstellung von Legierungen
EP0314981A1 (de) * 1987-11-02 1989-05-10 Siemens Aktiengesellschaft Verfahren zur Herstellung von Schmelzwerkstoffen aus Kupfer, Chrom und wenigstens einer leichtverdampflichen Komponente sowie Abschmelzelektrode zur Verwendung bei einem derartigen Verfahren
US4906291A (en) * 1987-11-02 1990-03-06 Siemens Aktiengesellschaft Method for manufacturing melt materials of copper, chromium, and at least one readily evaporable component using a fusible electrode
EP0429019A1 (de) * 1989-11-20 1991-05-29 Nkk Corporation Verfahren zur Herstellung einer Legierung mit hoher Reaktionsfähigkeit
EP0479757A1 (de) * 1990-10-05 1992-04-08 BÖHLER Edelstahl GmbH Verfahren und Vorrichtung zur Herstellung von Titan-Aluminium-Basislegierungen
US6264717B1 (en) * 1999-11-15 2001-07-24 General Electric Company Clean melt nucleated cast article
US6496529B1 (en) 2000-11-15 2002-12-17 Ati Properties, Inc. Refining and casting apparatus and method
US7154932B2 (en) 2000-11-15 2006-12-26 Ati Properties, Inc. Refining and casting apparatus
US10232434B2 (en) 2000-11-15 2019-03-19 Ati Properties Llc Refining and casting apparatus and method
US9008148B2 (en) 2000-11-15 2015-04-14 Ati Properties, Inc. Refining and casting apparatus and method
US8891583B2 (en) 2000-11-15 2014-11-18 Ati Properties, Inc. Refining and casting apparatus and method
EP1247872A1 (de) * 2001-03-13 2002-10-09 Solar Applied Material Technology Corp. Verfahren zur Herstellung von Sputter-Target
US7114548B2 (en) 2004-12-09 2006-10-03 Ati Properties, Inc. Method and apparatus for treating articles during formation
US7803211B2 (en) 2005-09-22 2010-09-28 Ati Properties, Inc. Method and apparatus for producing large diameter superalloy ingots
US7803212B2 (en) 2005-09-22 2010-09-28 Ati Properties, Inc. Apparatus and method for clean, rapidly solidified alloys
US7578960B2 (en) 2005-09-22 2009-08-25 Ati Properties, Inc. Apparatus and method for clean, rapidly solidified alloys
US8216339B2 (en) 2005-09-22 2012-07-10 Ati Properties, Inc. Apparatus and method for clean, rapidly solidified alloys
US8221676B2 (en) 2005-09-22 2012-07-17 Ati Properties, Inc. Apparatus and method for clean, rapidly solidified alloys
US8226884B2 (en) 2005-09-22 2012-07-24 Ati Properties, Inc. Method and apparatus for producing large diameter superalloy ingots
US8642916B2 (en) 2007-03-30 2014-02-04 Ati Properties, Inc. Melting furnace including wire-discharge ion plasma electron emitter
US8748773B2 (en) 2007-03-30 2014-06-10 Ati Properties, Inc. Ion plasma electron emitters for a melting furnace
US9453681B2 (en) 2007-03-30 2016-09-27 Ati Properties Llc Melting furnace including wire-discharge ion plasma electron emitter
US8302661B2 (en) 2007-12-04 2012-11-06 Ati Properties, Inc. Casting apparatus and method
US7963314B2 (en) 2007-12-04 2011-06-21 Ati Properties, Inc. Casting apparatus and method
US7798199B2 (en) 2007-12-04 2010-09-21 Ati Properties, Inc. Casting apparatus and method
US8156996B2 (en) 2007-12-04 2012-04-17 Ati Properties, Inc. Casting apparatus and method
US8747956B2 (en) 2011-08-11 2014-06-10 Ati Properties, Inc. Processes, systems, and apparatus for forming products from atomized metals and alloys

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
CA1202490A (en) 1986-04-01
JPS5845338A (ja) 1983-03-16
BR8204957A (pt) 1983-08-02
AU8678782A (en) 1983-03-03

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PUAI Public reference made under article 153(3) epc to a published international application that has entered the european phase

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Inventor name: ADASCZIK, CHARLES B.