EP0073395B1 - Magneto-elastic transducer - Google Patents
Magneto-elastic transducer Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- EP0073395B1 EP0073395B1 EP82107430A EP82107430A EP0073395B1 EP 0073395 B1 EP0073395 B1 EP 0073395B1 EP 82107430 A EP82107430 A EP 82107430A EP 82107430 A EP82107430 A EP 82107430A EP 0073395 B1 EP0073395 B1 EP 0073395B1
- Authority
- EP
- European Patent Office
- Prior art keywords
- magnetizable
- sheets
- sheet
- magneto
- compound
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Expired
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Classifications
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01F—MAGNETS; INDUCTANCES; TRANSFORMERS; SELECTION OF MATERIALS FOR THEIR MAGNETIC PROPERTIES
- H01F3/00—Cores, Yokes, or armatures
- H01F3/02—Cores, Yokes, or armatures made from sheets
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
- Y10S—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y10S73/00—Measuring and testing
- Y10S73/02—Magnetostrictive
Definitions
- the invention relates to a magnetoelastic encoder according to the preamble of claim 1.
- Known magnetoelastic sensors consist of a laminated core in which a magnetic field with a specific field image is generated with the aid of an excitation winding (feed winding). This field image changes when the encoder is exposed to mechanical forces. With the help of one or more measuring windings, these changes in the field are detected, whereby a measure of the magnitude of the mechanical forces is obtained.
- the windings mentioned can be accommodated in openings in the laminated core of the encoder or they can enclose the laminated core.
- These magnetic encoders which are known for example from DE-PS 955 272, have a large power consumption, especially when the encoder is designed for the measurement of large forces.
- the power consumption is based on the fact that the magnetic core (the laminated core) has to be strongly magnetized. Due to the large volume of the magnetic core to be magnetized, one is also forced to use a supply voltage with a comparatively low frequency, since the losses would become even greater at higher frequencies. On the other hand, a high frequency of the supply voltage is desired, since one can then measure faster courses and the circuit elements belonging to the electronic arrangement, such as e.g. B. capacitors are less expensive.
- One way to reduce the power consumption is to influence the image of the magnetic field in the encoder by changing the hole configuration. However, the impact this has on the power consumption is small.
- the invention has for its object to develop a magnetic encoder of the type mentioned, which contains only relatively little magnetizable material without the above problems.
- a magnetoelastic encoder is proposed according to the preamble of claim 1, which according to the invention has the features mentioned in the characterizing part of claim 1.
- the compound sheet according to the invention preferably consists of a thin middle layer of silicon alloyed iron sheet, on both sides of which a sheet made of, for example, the cheaper 18/8 steel is attached. There must be a metallic connection between the three layers, which can be produced, for example, by rolling.
- the Fe-Si layer is expediently thinner than a third of the sheet thickness, which is usually about 0.5 mm thick.
- the lower limit for the thickness of the magnetizable sheet metal layer is determined by the grain size of the material, which in the z. Currently accessible materials is usually 100 gm.
- the transmitter according to the invention has several Advantages. Due to the metallic connection between the active, magnetizable iron sheet layer alloyed with silicon and the non-magnetizable, passive layers - if the iron sheet layer alloyed with silicon is sufficiently thin - the resulting coefficient of thermal expansion of the mixed material, i.e. the compound sheet, deviates extraordinarily little from the coefficient of thermal expansion of the completely passive non-magnetizable sheet Sheet metal. This makes it possible to assemble the laminated core using conventional methods, such as gluing, from a smaller part of only a few percent of the active compound sheet and a predominant part of the non-magnetizable material. In comparison to known embodiments with passive filling material, the advantage is that the major part, that is, the filling material, is cheap sheet metal, while the active, expensive sheet metal only makes up a very small part.
- the figure shows a part of a laminated core with several compound sheets 1, which are individually distributed in a packet made of sheets made of non-magnetizable material 2. If current is supplied to the excitation winding (not shown), only the magnetizable inner layer of the compound sheets is magnetized.
- the volume to be magnetized is considerably reduced in comparison to the laminated core of a known sensor, the power consumption decreasing approximately in the same ratio.
- the layers 10, 11 and 12 of the compound sheets can be seen from the figure.
- a layer 11 made of magnetizable material e.g. B. from the material, as in the z.
- magnetizable material e.g. B. from the material, as in the z.
- layers 10, 12 of non-magnetizable steel are on both sides of this material layer.
- the non-magnetizable, passive sheets 2 consist for example of the same material as the outer layers of the compound sheets.
- the invention described here is completely independent of the shape of the encoder and the attachment of the excitation or measuring windings on the sheet metal core, which means that the invention on all z.
- sensors of the magnetoelastic type can be used.
- the two materials in the compound sheets are relatively different in terms of modulus of elasticity and coefficient of thermal expansion a, the finished sheet with its properties as a unit is very close to the properties of the passive filler material. As a result, the compound sheet and filler material can be joined conventionally without major problems.
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- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Power Engineering (AREA)
- Transmission And Conversion Of Sensor Element Output (AREA)
- Measurement Of Length, Angles, Or The Like Using Electric Or Magnetic Means (AREA)
- Investigating Or Analyzing Materials By The Use Of Magnetic Means (AREA)
Description
Die Erfindung betrifft einen magnetoelastischen Geber gemäß dem Oberbegriff des Anspruches 1.The invention relates to a magnetoelastic encoder according to the preamble of claim 1.
Bekannte magnetoelastische Geber bestehen aus einem Blechpaket, in welchem mit Hilfe einer Erregerwicklung (Speisewicklung) ein magnetisches Feld mit einem bestimmten Feldbild erzeugt wird. Dieses Feldbild verändert sich, wenn der Geber mechanischen Kräften ausgesetzt wird. Mit Hilfe einer oder mehrerer Meßwicklungen werden diese Veränderungen des Feldes erfaßt, wodurch ein Maß für die Größe der mechanischen Kräfte gewonnen wird. Die genannten Wicklungen können in Öffnungen des Blechpaketes des Gebers untergebracht sein oder sie können das Blechpaket umschließen.Known magnetoelastic sensors consist of a laminated core in which a magnetic field with a specific field image is generated with the aid of an excitation winding (feed winding). This field image changes when the encoder is exposed to mechanical forces. With the help of one or more measuring windings, these changes in the field are detected, whereby a measure of the magnitude of the mechanical forces is obtained. The windings mentioned can be accommodated in openings in the laminated core of the encoder or they can enclose the laminated core.
Diese magnetischen Geber, die beispielsweise aus der DE-PS 955 272 bekannt sind, haben einen großen Leistungsverbrauch, und zwar besonders dann, wenn der Geber für die Messung großer Kräfte ausgelegt ist. Der Leistungsverbrauch beruht darauf, daß der magnetische Kern (das Blechpaket) stark magnetisiert werden muß. Aufgrund des großen Volumens des zu magnetisierenden magnetischen Kerns ist man auch gezwungen, eine Speisespannung mit verhältnismäßig niedriger Frequenz zu verwenden, da bei höheren Frequenzen die Verluste noch größer werden würden. Andererseits ist eine hohe Frequenz der Speisespannung erwünscht, da man dann schnellere Verläufe messen kann und die zu der elektronischen Anordnung gehörenden Schaltungselemente, wie z. B. Kondensatoren, weniger aufwendig sind. Eine Möglichkeit zur Verminderung des Leistungsverbrauches besteht darin, daß man das Bild des Magnetfeldes im Geber durch Änderung der Lochkonfiguration beeinflußt. Der hierdurch erzielte Einfluß auf den Leistungsverbrauch ist jedoch gering.These magnetic encoders, which are known for example from DE-PS 955 272, have a large power consumption, especially when the encoder is designed for the measurement of large forces. The power consumption is based on the fact that the magnetic core (the laminated core) has to be strongly magnetized. Due to the large volume of the magnetic core to be magnetized, one is also forced to use a supply voltage with a comparatively low frequency, since the losses would become even greater at higher frequencies. On the other hand, a high frequency of the supply voltage is desired, since one can then measure faster courses and the circuit elements belonging to the electronic arrangement, such as e.g. B. capacitors are less expensive. One way to reduce the power consumption is to influence the image of the magnetic field in the encoder by changing the hole configuration. However, the impact this has on the power consumption is small.
Ein weiterer Nachteil der bekannten Geber besteht darin, daß ihr Leistungsbedarf von der Größe des Gebers abhängt und dieser Größe etwa proportional ist. Bei Gebern zur Kraftmessung z. B. ist die Größe ungefähr proportional der größten meßbaren Kraft oder Last. Große Geber benötigen daher eine große Speiseleistung, was aufwendige Speiseeinrichtungen erfordert. Speiseeinrichtungen und die Signalverarbeitung werden auch um so komplizierter, je größere Variationen des Signalwertes verarbeitet werden müssen.Another disadvantage of the known encoders is that their power requirement depends on the size of the encoder and is approximately proportional to this size. For sensors for force measurement e.g. B. The size is approximately proportional to the largest measurable force or load. Large encoders therefore require a large feed power, which requires complex feed devices. Feeding devices and signal processing also become more complicated the larger variations in the signal value have to be processed.
Durch Verkleinerung des Volumens des magnetisierbaren Materials kann der Bedarf an elektrischer Leistung vermindert werden. Für die Verringerung des magnetisierbaren Materials gibt es wenigstens zwei Möglichkeiten:
- Die eine Möglichkeit besteht darin, einen Teil der Bleche durch solche aus nichtmagnetisierbarem Material zu ersetzen. Dies ist ohne weiteres möglich, und es hat sich gezeigt, daß bis zu 99,5% der Bleche durch nichtmagnetisierbares Material ersetzt werden können. Solche Ausführungen sind beispielsweise aus der SE-AS 399125 bekannt. Nichtmagnetisierbares Blech aus beispielsweise 18/8-Stahl o. dgl. hat jedoch einen Temperaturausdehnungskoeffizienten, der sich aus dem Ausdehnungskoeffizienten für magnetisierbares Blech (wie z. B. mit Silizium legiertes Eisenblech) erheblich unterscheidet. Auch ist der E-Modul der beiden Materialien verschieden. Dies bedeutet für Geber, die - wie beispielsweise in der SE-AS 399125 - ein mechanisch zusammengesetztes Blechpaket haben oder für Geber mit geleimten Blechpaketen eine sehr große Temperaturabhängigkeit ihres Nullpunktes und ihrer Empfindlichkeit. Damit in einem geleimten Paket aus Blechen mit verschiedenen Eigenschaften (E-Modul, Temperaturkoeffizient) keine Risse auftreten, wenn es unterschiedlichen Belastungen und Temperaturen ausgesetzt wird, ist es allerdings erforderlich, daß E-Modul und Temperaturkoeffizient der Materialien nicht allzu unterschiedlich sind. Man hat festgestellt, daß der E-Modul des Ersatzmaterials höchstens mit ±20% von dem E-Modul des verwendeten magnetisierbaren mit Silizium legierten Eisenbleches abweichen darf und das der Temperaturausdehnungskoeffizient des Ersatzmaterials nicht mehr als ±25% von dem Temperaturausdehnungskoeffizienten des mit Silizium legierten Eisenbleches abweichen darf. Aufgrund dieser an das Material zu stellenden Forderungen ist es z. Zt. schwierig, billiges Ersatzmaterial zu finden. Als Beispiel für Material, das sich als anwendbar erwiesen hat, können INCONELO und NIMONICO genannt werden; doch handelt es sich hierbei um sehr teures Material.
- One possibility is to replace part of the sheets with those made of non-magnetizable material. This is easily possible, and it has been shown that up to 99.5% of the sheets can be replaced by non-magnetizable material. Such designs are known for example from SE-AS 399125. However, non-magnetizable sheet made of, for example, 18/8 steel or the like has a coefficient of thermal expansion which differs considerably from the coefficient of expansion for magnetizable sheet (such as iron sheet alloyed with silicon). The modulus of elasticity of the two materials is also different. For encoders that have a mechanically assembled laminated core, such as in SE-AS 399125, or for encoders with glued laminated cores, their zero point and their sensitivity are very dependent on temperature. In order for no cracks to appear in a glued package made of sheets with different properties (modulus of elasticity, temperature coefficient) when exposed to different loads and temperatures, it is necessary that the modulus of elasticity and temperature coefficient of the materials are not too different. It has been found that the modulus of elasticity of the substitute material may deviate by at most ± 20% from the modulus of elasticity of the magnetizable iron sheet that is alloyed with silicon and that the coefficient of thermal expansion of the substitute material does not exceed ± 25% of the coefficient of thermal expansion of the iron sheet alloyed with silicon may differ. Because of these demands on the material, it is z. Difficult to find cheap replacement material. INCONEL O and NIMONIC O can be cited as an example of material that has proven to be applicable; however, this is a very expensive material.
Der Erfindung liegt die Aufgabe zugrunde, einen magnetischen Geber der eingangs genannten Art zu entwickeln, der nur relativ wenig magnetisierbares Material enthält, ohne daß die obengenannten Probleme auftreten.The invention has for its object to develop a magnetic encoder of the type mentioned, which contains only relatively little magnetizable material without the above problems.
Zur Lösung dieser Aufgabe wird ein magnetoelastischer Geber nach dem Oberbegriff des Anspruches 1 vorgeschlagen, der erfindungsgemäß die im kennzeichnenden Teil des Anspruches 1 genannten Merkmale hat.To solve this problem, a magnetoelastic encoder is proposed according to the preamble of claim 1, which according to the invention has the features mentioned in the characterizing part of claim 1.
Eine vorteilhafte Ausgestaltung der Erfindung ist im Anspruch 2 genannt.An advantageous embodiment of the invention is mentioned in
Das Kompoundblech gemäß der Erfindung besteht vorzugsweise aus einer dünnen Mittelschicht aus mit Silizium legiertem Eisenblech, zu dessen beiden Seiten ein Blech aus beispielsweise dem billigeren 18/8-Stahl angebracht ist. Zwischen den drei Schichten muß eine metalllische Verbindung bestehen, die beispielsweise durch Walzen hergestellt werden kann. Die Fe-Si-Schicht ist zweckmäßigerweise dünner als ein Drittel der Blechdicke, welches letzters üblicherweise insgesamt ca. 0,5 mm dick ist. Die untere Grenze für die Dicke der magnetisierbaren Blechschicht wird von der Korngröße des Materials bestimmt, die in den z. Zt. zugänglichen Materialien üblicherweise 100 gm beträgt.The compound sheet according to the invention preferably consists of a thin middle layer of silicon alloyed iron sheet, on both sides of which a sheet made of, for example, the cheaper 18/8 steel is attached. There must be a metallic connection between the three layers, which can be produced, for example, by rolling. The Fe-Si layer is expediently thinner than a third of the sheet thickness, which is usually about 0.5 mm thick. The lower limit for the thickness of the magnetizable sheet metal layer is determined by the grain size of the material, which in the z. Currently accessible materials is usually 100 gm.
Der Geber gemäß der Erfindung hat mehrere Vorteile. Durch die metallische Verbindung zwischen der aktiven, magnetisierbaren mit Silizium legierten Eisenblechschicht mit den nichtmagnetisierbaren, passiven Schichten weicht - wenn die mit Silizium legierte Eisenblechschicht hinreichend dünn ist - der resultierende Temperaturausdehnungskoeffizient des Mischmaterials, also des Kompoundbleches, außerordentlich wenig von dem Temperaturausdehnungskoeffizienten der vollständig passiven nichtmagnetisierbaren Bleche ab. Dadurch ist es möglich, das Blechpaket durch herkömmliche Methoden, wie Leimen, aus einem kleineren Teil von nur wenigen Prozent des aktiven Kompoundbleches und einem überwiegenden Teil des nichtmagnetisierbaren Materials zusammenzusetzen. Im Vergleich zu bekannten Ausführungsformen mit passivem Füllmaterial besteht der Vorteil darin, daß der überwiegende Teil, also das Füllmaterial, billiges Blech ist, während die aktiven, teuren Bleche nur einen sehr kleinen Teil ausmachen.The transmitter according to the invention has several Advantages. Due to the metallic connection between the active, magnetizable iron sheet layer alloyed with silicon and the non-magnetizable, passive layers - if the iron sheet layer alloyed with silicon is sufficiently thin - the resulting coefficient of thermal expansion of the mixed material, i.e. the compound sheet, deviates extraordinarily little from the coefficient of thermal expansion of the completely passive non-magnetizable sheet Sheet metal. This makes it possible to assemble the laminated core using conventional methods, such as gluing, from a smaller part of only a few percent of the active compound sheet and a predominant part of the non-magnetizable material. In comparison to known embodiments with passive filling material, the advantage is that the major part, that is, the filling material, is cheap sheet metal, while the active, expensive sheet metal only makes up a very small part.
Ein Vorteil, den der Geber nach der Erfindung mit den anfangs beschriebenen Gebern gemeinsam hat, besteht darin, daß man den Anteil der aktiven Bleche so wählen kann, daß kleinere Geber einen größeren relativen Anteil an aktivem Material enthalten. Dadurch kann die Speiseleistung und auch die Größe des maximalen Ausgangssignals des Gebers im wesentlichen von der Größe des Gebers unabhängig gemacht werden, wodurch die erforderliche elektronische Anordnung billiger wird.An advantage that the sensor according to the invention has in common with the sensors described initially is that the proportion of active sheets can be chosen so that smaller sensors contain a larger relative proportion of active material. As a result, the supply power and also the size of the maximum output signal of the encoder can be made essentially independent of the size of the encoder, which makes the required electronic arrangement cheaper.
Anhand der einzigen Figur soll die Erfindung näher erläutert werden.The invention will be explained in more detail with reference to the single figure.
Die Figur zeigt einen Teil eines Blechpaketes mit mehreren Kompoundblechen 1, die einzeln in einem Paket aus Blechen aus nichtmagnetisierbarem Material 2 verteilt sind. Wenn der nicht gezeigten Erregerwicklung Strom zugeführt wird, wird also nur die magnetisierbare Innenschicht der Kompoundbleche magnetisiert.The figure shows a part of a laminated core with several compound sheets 1, which are individually distributed in a packet made of sheets made of
Wie aus der Figur hervorgeht, ist das zu magnetisierende Volumen im Vergleich zu dem Blechpaket eines bekannten Gebers erheblich reduziert, wobei der Leistungsverbrauch etwa im gleichen Verhältnis zurückgeht.As can be seen from the figure, the volume to be magnetized is considerably reduced in comparison to the laminated core of a known sensor, the power consumption decreasing approximately in the same ratio.
Die Schichten 10, 11 und 12 der Kompoundbleche sind aus der Figur ersichtlich. In der Mitte liegt eine Schicht 11 aus magnetisierbarem Material, z. B. aus dem Material, wie es in den z. Zt. hergestellten Gebern verwendet wird, und auf beiden Seiten dieser Materialschicht liegen Schichten 10, 12 aus nichtmagnetisierbarem Stahl. Die nichtmagnetisierbaren, passiven Bleche 2 bestehen beispielsweise aus dem gleichen Material wie die Außenschichten der Kompoundbleche.The
Die Materialprobleme werden in hohem Maße reduziert, was darauf beruht, daß man eine metallische Verbindung zwischen den einzelnen Materialien erhält und es dann nicht so wichtig ist, daß der E-Modul und der Temperaturausdehnungskoeffizient innerhalb der genannten Grenzen liegen. Durch die homogene metallische Verbindung zwischen den einzelnen Materialien werden die Spannungen, die in den Grenzschichten bei Temperaturänderungen auftreten, in allen Richtungen der Grenzschichtebene gleich groß.The material problems are reduced to a great extent, which is due to the fact that a metallic connection is obtained between the individual materials and it is then not so important that the modulus of elasticity and the coefficient of thermal expansion are within the stated limits. Due to the homogeneous metallic connection between the individual materials, the stresses that occur in the boundary layers due to temperature changes are the same in all directions of the boundary layer level.
Die hier beschriebene Erfindung ist von der Form der Geber und der Anbringung der Erreger- bzw. Meßwicklungen am Blechkern vollkommen unabhängig, was bedeutet, daß die Erfindung an allen z. Zt. bekannten Gebern magnetoelastischer Art angewendet werden kann.The invention described here is completely independent of the shape of the encoder and the attachment of the excitation or measuring windings on the sheet metal core, which means that the invention on all z. Currently known sensors of the magnetoelastic type can be used.
Obwohl die beiden Materialien in den Kompoundblechen hinsichtlich E-Modul und Temperaturausdehnungskoeffizient a relativ verschieden sind, liegt das fertige Blech mit seinen Eigenschaften als Einheit den Eigenschaften des passiven Füllmaterials sehr nahe. Dadurch können Kompoundblech und Füllmaterial ohne größere Probleme konventionell zusammengefügt werden.Although the two materials in the compound sheets are relatively different in terms of modulus of elasticity and coefficient of thermal expansion a, the finished sheet with its properties as a unit is very close to the properties of the passive filler material. As a result, the compound sheet and filler material can be joined conventionally without major problems.
Claims (2)
Applications Claiming Priority (2)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| SE8105022 | 1981-08-25 | ||
| SE8105022A SE433981B (en) | 1981-08-25 | 1981-08-25 | MAGNETOELASTIC SENSOR CONSISTING OF A NUMBER OF PLATES, MIXED MEDIUM LIMITS TO A PLATE PACKAGE |
Publications (2)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| EP0073395A1 EP0073395A1 (en) | 1983-03-09 |
| EP0073395B1 true EP0073395B1 (en) | 1985-11-13 |
Family
ID=20344420
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| EP82107430A Expired EP0073395B1 (en) | 1981-08-25 | 1982-08-16 | Magneto-elastic transducer |
Country Status (6)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| US (1) | US4474069A (en) |
| EP (1) | EP0073395B1 (en) |
| JP (1) | JPS5852502A (en) |
| CA (1) | CA1180744A (en) |
| DE (1) | DE3267441D1 (en) |
| SE (1) | SE433981B (en) |
Families Citing this family (5)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US5437197A (en) * | 1993-08-20 | 1995-08-01 | The Board Of Governors Of Wayne State University | Magnetostrictive sensor structures |
| JP3163965B2 (en) * | 1995-09-27 | 2001-05-08 | 三菱自動車工業株式会社 | Structure of magnetostrictive sensor |
| SE528554C2 (en) * | 2005-10-07 | 2006-12-12 | Abb Ab | Mechanical force e.g. force on paper, measuring device for e.g. load cell, has two force receiving elements, transducer and sensor e.g. strain gauge, where sensor has measuring body with four through holes |
| DE102013208058B4 (en) * | 2013-05-02 | 2015-09-10 | Sts Spezial-Transformatoren-Stockach Gmbh & Co. Kg | Magnetically preloaded throttle |
| US9766142B1 (en) * | 2015-03-20 | 2017-09-19 | Cory S. Hague | Magnetic force sensor systems and methods |
Family Cites Families (10)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| DE658570C (en) * | 1934-10-13 | 1938-04-06 | Siemens & Halske Akt Ges | Device for magnetoelastic measurement of mechanical forces or moments |
| US3103810A (en) * | 1958-02-20 | 1963-09-17 | Agerman Erik | Supporting means for a measuring device for mechanical forces |
| GB1201111A (en) * | 1968-01-16 | 1970-08-05 | Kenneth Shippen | Improvements in or relating to magneto-elastic force transducers |
| GB1305474A (en) * | 1969-12-03 | 1973-01-31 | ||
| DE2009631A1 (en) * | 1970-03-02 | 1971-09-09 | Papst Motoren Kg | Electrical device with a laminated sheet metal body and method for its manufacture |
| US3903586A (en) * | 1970-10-12 | 1975-09-09 | Pacific Magnetic Structures In | Method of making laminated magnetic material |
| CA999404A (en) * | 1973-05-03 | 1976-11-09 | Clayton N. Whetstone | Laminated magnetic material and method of making same |
| US4025379A (en) * | 1973-05-03 | 1977-05-24 | Whetstone Clayton N | Method of making laminated magnetic material |
| US4048851A (en) * | 1973-10-09 | 1977-09-20 | Soletanche | Axial and annular magneto-elastic dynamometers |
| JPS6023303B2 (en) * | 1978-09-20 | 1985-06-06 | 住友金属工業株式会社 | Method of measuring susceptibility to intergranular corrosion and stress corrosion cracking |
-
1981
- 1981-08-25 SE SE8105022A patent/SE433981B/en not_active IP Right Cessation
-
1982
- 1982-08-16 DE DE8282107430T patent/DE3267441D1/en not_active Expired
- 1982-08-16 EP EP82107430A patent/EP0073395B1/en not_active Expired
- 1982-08-23 US US06/410,657 patent/US4474069A/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 1982-08-23 JP JP57146057A patent/JPS5852502A/en active Pending
- 1982-08-24 CA CA000409960A patent/CA1180744A/en not_active Expired
Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| DE3267441D1 (en) | 1985-12-19 |
| SE8105022L (en) | 1983-02-26 |
| EP0073395A1 (en) | 1983-03-09 |
| US4474069A (en) | 1984-10-02 |
| CA1180744A (en) | 1985-01-08 |
| JPS5852502A (en) | 1983-03-28 |
| SE433981B (en) | 1984-06-25 |
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