EP0073332A2 - Protecting material for bituminous layers or the like - Google Patents

Abstract

1. Protective material for bitumen coatings or the like consisting of a thin and substantially rigid synthetic foil in which longitudinal outwardly curved members, produced by deep-drawing methods in particular, are disposed periodically over the surface, characterised in that a first portion of these longitudinal outwardly curved members (21) is disposed in one direction and in that another second portion of the curved members (22) is disposed in a direction extending transverse thereto, and in that the adjacent curved members (21 and 22) belonging to one portion of the curved members are divided by a respective transversely extending curved member (22 or 21) of the other portion of the curved members and vice versa.

Description

The invention relates to a protective material for bitumen paints or the like, which consists of a thin and essentially rigid plastic film, in which bulges are formed which are arranged periodically and, in particular, are produced by deep-drawing.

Usually, basement outer walls are first protected against moisture by an insulating plaster applied to the masonry and then by an insulating coating in the form of a bitumen coating applied to this insulating plaster, before the soil is filled up again. When pouring the soil, which is normally carried out by means of an excavator, it is practically unavoidable that stones and building rubble contained in the soil can get to the bitumen coating and damage it. Particularly critical conditions arise when the soil to be filled contains large stones or even boulders, or, as is common in many cases, mainly consists of rubble. Then the risk of damage to the protective coating can practically not be avoided, but if the protective coating is damaged, moisture or water can penetrate the masonry, in particular the insulating plaster. So the cellar is practically constantly damp.

So-called bitumen corrugated sheets are already known, which are made from corrugated, bitumen-soaked press cardboard. The known protective materials made of corrugated rigid PVC film and manufactured by the applicant have a similar shape. The film is about 0.5 mm thick and has exceptional stability in one direction due to its corrugation. Such films are described, for example, in the house announcement by Klöckner-Werke AG "Pütt und Hütte", issue 3/77.

The known protective material of the type mentioned above is knobbed films made from low-pressure polyethylene. These have knobs arranged in a 3 cm square grid with a diameter of about 2 cm and several millimeters clear. Due to this geometrical arrangement of the knobs, the knobbed film can be easily bent, in contrast to the corrugated film, it is therefore not stiff in any direction. However, this leads to problems when pouring in while backfilling a construction pit. Because of their lack of rigidity, the dimpled sheets must be well supported or pressed against the bitumen coating over a large area or connected to this bitumen coating over a large area. Without these aids, there is a risk that the knobbed film in the upper area will tip away from the outer wall of the basement, thereby forming a gap into which coarse-grained material can get into. But at least at this point the purpose of the protective material is no longer achieved.

The object of the invention is to provide a protective material of the type mentioned, which avoids the disadvantages of the known protective material and shows better properties than the known protective material in storage, when the protective material is attached to a basement outer wall and finally when backfilling a construction pit. This object is achieved in that the bulges are longitudinal. Lich executed and that a first part of these elongated bulges in one direction and the other, second part of the bulges are arranged in a direction transverse thereto.

The elongated bulges, like the corrugated corrugated shafts, cause stiffening. Since the first part of the bulges runs transversely to the second part, the stiffening effect of the two parts also runs in two transverse directions. The protective material according to the invention is therefore stiff in two directions at right angles to one another in its plane. It can therefore no longer be rolled up like the well-known corrugated sheets (bitumen corrugated sheets or corrugated sheets made of hard PVC) or the well-known ... dimpled sheet, rather it is offered in large-format sheets that can be stacked on top of one another to save space and comfort. A much denser packing is achieved than when rolling up, so that the storage of the protective material according to the invention causes less effort than is the case with the rolled up products according to the prior art.

Furthermore, due to their inherent rigidity, the large-format panels can be placed very cheaply against an insulating coating; very few fastening points are required because the panels do not roll back, as is the case with the known, windable products, but rather have the flat shape, which they must also have during their later use. Due to the rigidity of shape is the risk that the protective material according to the invention due to the pressure of stuffed below earth material is released above solieranstrich from _I to exclude low and in practice.

The sheets of hard PVC according to the invention are usually laid so that adjacent sheets overlap to a certain extent. In order to further simplify the laying work, push-button-like formations are arranged at least in these overlapping areas, which protrude outwards in the direction of the bulges. They can be arranged on the bulges or next to the bulges and in particular can be part of the bulges. Advantageously, they do not protrude beyond the overall height of the protective material according to the invention.

The design of the push button-like formations is arbitrary per se, the only important thing is that these push button-like formations are so periodically arranged that regardless of a shift of two adjacent protective panels in the two directions of the panel plane and regardless of a 90 ° or 180 ° rotation of one Panel around an axis perpendicular to the protective panel with respect to the other panels an engagement of the formations is possible. The formations can protrude, for example, in the middle of the non-bulging areas next to the bulges and in the direction of these bulges. However, it is advantageous to combine the formations with the bulges. It is proposed that at least a portion of the ridge-like tips of the projections be formed as moldings. For this purpose, grooves are pressed in below these tips and about halfway up the roof-like slopes, which result in an undercut, so that the tip areas of the bulges get a push-button-like profile.

Advantageously, all of the formations have such grooves which form an undercut. The size of this undercut is so matched to the material properties and in particular to the material thickness of the protective panel that the snap-in of overlapping formations only occurs above a slight pressure corresponding to a punch. This board can be snapped into place with another, second board at any point and at any 90 ° rotation. This leads to a very simplified assembly, in particular a hanging assembly is possible. Only upper protective panels are attached to a high basement outer wall and clipped onto these lower protective panels. These lower protective panels are not connected to the outer wall itself. Finally, the undercut has proven to be very advantageous when the protective material according to the invention is fastened to outer walls by means of an adhesive plaster, in particular plaster of adhesive. For this purpose, similar to the fastening of gypsum plasterboard to inner walls, adhesive plaster spots are thrown at a distance against the outer wall or placed on the protective material according to the invention and pressed against the outer wall. Even before the adhesive plaster sets, excellent adhesion is achieved due to the absence of air within the undercut areas.

The protective material according to the invention has a high surface rigidity, which is very advantageous when laying on flat surfaces. However, the same property leads to difficulties in house corners. Here, depending on the material thickness of the protective material, it is proposed either to provide L-shaped pieces which are placed on the corners of the house, or the protective material, if it has a lower material thickness, to bend these corners and along a line of protrusions.

• Fig. 1 eine Draufsicht auf das erfindungsgemäße Schutzmaterial von der Seite der Auswölbungen her,
• Fig. 2 einen Schnitt entlang der Schnittlinie II-II in Fig. 1,
• Fig. 3 eine Darstellung entsprechend Fig. 1, jedoch mit druckknopfartigen Ausformungen,
• Fig. 4 einen Schnitt entlang der Schnittlinie IV-IV in Fig. 3,
• Fig. 5 eine Draufsicht entsprechend Fig. 1 auf ein drittes Ausführungsbeispiel des Schutzmaterials,
• Fig. 6 ein Schnittbild entlang der Schnittlinie VI-VI in Fig. 5,
• Fig. 7 eine Draufsicht auf eine Dränplatte (ausschnittsweise) für das Schutzmaterial nach den Fig. 5 und 6,
• Fig. 8 ein Schnittbild entlang der Schnittlinie VIII-VIII in Fig. 7,
• Fig. 9 eine perspektivische Darstellung einer Kelleraußenwand, auf die, hier schichtenweise dargestellt, eine Schutzplatte und eine Dränplatte aufgelegt sind, und
• Fig. 10 ein horizontaler Schnitt durch die Anordnung gemäß Fig. 9.

Further features and advantages of the invention emerge from the remaining claims and from the following description of a preferred exemplary embodiment, in which, without any restriction with regard to the scope of protection that it provides protective material according to the invention is explained in more detail and described with reference to the drawing. In this show:

• 1 is a plan view of the protective material according to the invention from the side of the bulges,
• 2 shows a section along the section line II-II in FIG. 1,
• 3 is an illustration corresponding to FIG. 1, but with push button-like formations,
• 4 shows a section along the section line IV-IV in FIG. 3,
• 5 is a plan view corresponding to FIG. 1 of a third embodiment of the protective material,
• 6 is a sectional view taken along section line VI-VI in Fig. 5,
• 7 is a plan view of a drainage plate (in sections) for the protective material according to FIGS. 5 and 6,
• 8 is a sectional view taken along the line VIII-VIII in Fig. 7,
• Fig. 9 is a perspective view of a basement outer wall, on which, shown here in layers, a protective plate and a drainage plate are placed, and
• 10 is a horizontal section through the arrangement of FIG .. 9

As shown in FIGS. 1 and 2, elongated and roof-like protrusions 21, 22 are pressed out of a lower, flat surface 20 of a hard PVC plastic film in the deep-drawing process. Their cross section is essentially V-shaped, as shown in FIG. 2. Measured at the level of surface 20, their length corresponds to about twice their width and about a quarter of their clear height. In the exemplary embodiment shown, the bulges 21, 22 are shaped by square material, the edges of which are rounded off accordingly.

1, 3 and 5 show, the bulges 21, 22 run on the network lines of a square network with a network line spacing of about p = 6 cm. The (horizontal) bulges 21, which form the first part of the bulges, are thus at right angles to the (vertical) bulges 22, which form the second part of the bulges. If one looks at a network line, for example the straight line 23 running along the section line II-II shown in FIG. 1, it can be seen that the bulges 21 (like the bulges 22) are arranged one behind the other and each by a transverse bulge 22 which they hit in the middle, are separated from each other. The distance between two bulges 21 (and also 22) on a straight line 23 thus corresponds to the width of a bulge 21 or 22 in the exemplary embodiments according to FIGS. 1 to 4. In the third exemplary embodiment according to FIGS. 5 and 6, the distance between two is one behind the other following bulges 21 or 22 four to five times the width of a bulge.

The bulges 21 and 22 of adjacent straight lines 23 lying next to one another are offset from one another by approximately three quarters of the total length of a bulge 21, 22. This increases the rigidity in the corresponding direction. Furthermore, the rigidity is increased by spacers 24, which in the transition area between the gable side 25 of a recess, for. B. 21, and the longitudinal center of the slope of the adjacent bulges, for. B. 22 are arranged. Four adjacent bulges 21, 22 each frame a square area 26, which is located essentially in the plane of the lower surface 20 (FIGS. 1 to 4). In the exemplary embodiment according to FIGS. 5 and 6, protrusions 29 are provided in each square region 26 in the opposite direction to the bulges 21, 22. They have square bases, are like a hipped roof, but with two different slopes, as shown in FIG. 6. These characteristics serve to keep a drainage plate B to be described later at a distance, so that drainage channels are formed not only between the protective material and the bitumen coating, but also on the side of the protective material facing outwards.

The protective material according to the invention (protective plate A) is placed against an insulating coating I with the surface at the top in the figures in which the ridges of the bulges 21, 22 are located. The lower surface 20 then faces outwards. Earth material E can be filled directly onto them, but it is more advantageous to clip a drainage plate B onto this lower surface 20, which will be discussed later. This arrangement is shown in Figs. 9 and 10. Overall, this results in a very large volume of air between the protective material and the basement outer wall, which is larger than that of others, from the prior art known protective materials included. This leads to very good thermal insulation. Furthermore, drainage channels remain free between the protective plate A and the outer trowel wall, which, however, do not run vertically, as in the case of the corrugated bitumen plates, but are approximately zigzag-shaped. This has the advantage that stones do not fall through to the bottom, but overall an excellent discharge of water that has penetrated is achieved.

In the second embodiment according to FIGS. 3 and 4, the formation of push button-like formations 27 is shown. Starting from the exemplary embodiment shown in FIGS. 1 and 2, which otherwise corresponds to the second exemplary embodiment according to FIGS. 3 and 4, which is now to be discussed, is approximately in the middle of the roof-like slopes of each bulge 21, 22 and on both sides in the direction of respective bulge 21, 22 extending groove so that an undercut is formed which has the dimension x (see FIG. 4). As a result, the entire ridge-like tip of each individual bulge 21, 22 becomes a push-button-like shape 27. This can be pressed into another shape 27 above or below it. The undercut x is matched to the elasticity and the material thickness of the protective panel in such a way that the push-button-like bulge 27 remains sufficient and elastic in order to be able to be pressed into another shape 27. It is not necessary that the formations 27, as shown in FIGS. 3 and 4, extend over the entire length of the bulges 21, 22. However, they must be arranged in such a way that they always snap into place regardless of the relative position of two overlapping protective panels.

Due to the formations 27, there is a risk that protective panels of a protective panel stack lying one above the other will snap into one another. However, this can prevent this be changed that the push button-like formations 27 are so rigid that they normally do not snap, especially due to the weight of a large stack of overlying protective panels, but that a loose fist or the like is required for snapping them into place. Since in the case of an intentional connection, for example by punching two protective panels, the pressure required to establish a connection is applied in a small area, but in the case of a stack of protective panels practically all of the overlying formations 27 are put together and, moreover, are loaded almost uniformly, there is sufficient Scope for choosing the elasticity of the formations 27 is available. The undercut x is chosen so that practical processing of the protective panels remains possible without the protective panels snapping into one another when they are simply stacked on top of one another.

The exemplary embodiment according to FIGS. 5 and 6 essentially corresponds to the exemplary embodiment according to FIGS. 3 and 4. However, the bulges 21, 22 are made narrower, their length corresponds approximately to six times their width. The distance between bulges 21, 22 lying on the same straight line is also greater than the width of a bulge, here it is approximately one third of the length of a bulge 21, 22. In contrast to the two exemplary embodiments described above, no spacers 24 are provided. The characteristics 29 have already been described above. In order to make it easier to bend the protective plate, grooves 28 are provided in the middle of each bulge 21, 22 and thus on the straight line 23, which serve as a predetermined kink for the corner bend. The plane 20 is practically no longer formed in the exemplary embodiment according to FIGS. 5 and 6, but the relatively large, flat separating surfaces 30 can be seen as very wide, Grasp large spacers.

7 and 8, a drainage plate B is shown. It is essentially flat and has bulges 21 'and 22' which are arranged at a great distance from one another and which are identical to the bulges 21 and 22. A drainage plate B can thus be clipped onto the back of a protective plate A, as shown in FIG. 10. The drainage plate has drainage openings 31 arranged in a periodic fashion.

The protective material according to the invention is produced in relatively large-format plates, the height of these plates corresponds to the filling heights that usually occur and is approximately 1.20; 1.68 and 2.2 m. For these three dimensions, two plate formats are sufficient (e.g. 2.20 x 1.20 and 1.68 x 1.20), since the protective material does not have to run in one direction - like the corrugated plates - but instead works upright or across can be. A device that produces a 1.20 wide material, which is cut to length accordingly, is therefore sufficient for the production. The PVC material is colored black. The material thickness is typically 0.5 mm to Q.8 mm.

Claims (16)

1. Protective material for bitumen paints or the like, which consists of a thin and essentially stiff plastic film, in which bulges are formed which are arranged periodically and, in particular, produced using the deep-drawing process,
characterized,
that the bulges (21, 22) are elongated and that a first part of these elongated bulges (21) are arranged in one direction and the other, second part of the bulges (22) are arranged in a direction transverse thereto. 2. protective material according to claim 1,
marked by
Push-button-like formations (27) that enable connection of adjacent panels of the protective material. 3. Protective material according to claim 1 or 2,
marked by
an L-shaped elbow, which is provided with bulges (21, 22) on both legs. 4. Protective material according to one of claims 1 to 3,
characterized,
that the bulges (21, 22) are about 3 to 15 cm long. 5. Protective material according to one of claims 1 to 4,
characterized,
that the length of the bulges (21, 22) is at least 2 times, preferably 6 times their width. 6. Protective material according to one of claims 1 to 5,
characterized,
that several bulges (eg 21) of the same part are arranged one behind the other on a straight line (23). 7. Protective material according to one of claims 1 to 6,
characterized,
that the bulges (21) lying one behind the other on a straight line (23) and which belong to part of the bulges (21, 22) are separated from one another by a transverse bulge (22) from the other part of the bulges. 8. protective material according to claim 7,
characterized,
that spacers (24) or flat partitions (30) are provided at the point of separation between the bulges (21, 22). 9. Protective material according to one of claims 1 to 8,
characterized,
that the bulges (21, 22) of each part of the bulges (21, 22) lie on network lines of a square network. 10. Protective material according to one of claims 1 to 9,
characterized,
that the bulges (e.g. 21) lying on adjacent straight lines (23) are offset from one another. 11. Protective material according to one of claims 1 to 10,
characterized,
that the bulges (21, 22) have a V, U, arc-shaped or approximately square cross-section. 12. Protective material according to one of claims 2 to 11, characterized in that the formations (27) are in the region of the bulges (21, 22). 13. Protective material according to claim 12, characterized in that the formations (27) are formed by grooves which are incorporated into the side walls of the bulges (21, 22) and form an undercut (x). 14. Protective material according to claim 12 or 13, characterized in that the dimension of the undercut (x) is so matched to the material properties and in particular material thickness of the protective panel that the engagement of overlying formations (27) only above a pressure corresponding to a light punch entry. 15. Protective material according to one of claims 1 to 14, characterized in that between four adjacent bulges (21,22) in each case in the opposite direction to the bulges (21,22) projecting expression (29) is arranged. 16. Protective material according to one of claims 1 to 15, characterized by
a drainage plate which has drainage slots (31) and the bulges (21, 22) of the first plate (A) which correspond to the surface periodically and have bulges (21 ', 22').

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