EP0069552B1 - Industrial robot - Google Patents
Industrial robot Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- EP0069552B1 EP0069552B1 EP82303473A EP82303473A EP0069552B1 EP 0069552 B1 EP0069552 B1 EP 0069552B1 EP 82303473 A EP82303473 A EP 82303473A EP 82303473 A EP82303473 A EP 82303473A EP 0069552 B1 EP0069552 B1 EP 0069552B1
- Authority
- EP
- European Patent Office
- Prior art keywords
- cylinder
- arm
- rotary shaft
- air
- industrial robot
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Expired
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Classifications
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- B23Q—DETAILS, COMPONENTS, OR ACCESSORIES FOR MACHINE TOOLS, e.g. ARRANGEMENTS FOR COPYING OR CONTROLLING; MACHINE TOOLS IN GENERAL CHARACTERISED BY THE CONSTRUCTION OF PARTICULAR DETAILS OR COMPONENTS; COMBINATIONS OR ASSOCIATIONS OF METAL-WORKING MACHINES, NOT DIRECTED TO A PARTICULAR RESULT
- B23Q16/00—Equipment for precise positioning of tool or work into particular locations not otherwise provided for
- B23Q16/02—Indexing equipment
- B23Q16/022—Indexing equipment in which only the indexing movement is of importance
- B23Q16/026—Indexing equipment in which only the indexing movement is of importance by converting a reciprocating or oscillating movement into a rotary indexing movement
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B25—HAND TOOLS; PORTABLE POWER-DRIVEN TOOLS; MANIPULATORS
- B25J—MANIPULATORS; CHAMBERS PROVIDED WITH MANIPULATION DEVICES
- B25J11/00—Manipulators not otherwise provided for
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- B23Q—DETAILS, COMPONENTS, OR ACCESSORIES FOR MACHINE TOOLS, e.g. ARRANGEMENTS FOR COPYING OR CONTROLLING; MACHINE TOOLS IN GENERAL CHARACTERISED BY THE CONSTRUCTION OF PARTICULAR DETAILS OR COMPONENTS; COMBINATIONS OR ASSOCIATIONS OF METAL-WORKING MACHINES, NOT DIRECTED TO A PARTICULAR RESULT
- B23Q7/00—Arrangements for handling work specially combined with or arranged in, or specially adapted for use in connection with, machine tools, e.g. for conveying, loading, positioning, discharging, sorting
- B23Q7/04—Arrangements for handling work specially combined with or arranged in, or specially adapted for use in connection with, machine tools, e.g. for conveying, loading, positioning, discharging, sorting by means of grippers
- B23Q7/048—Multiple gripper units
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B25—HAND TOOLS; PORTABLE POWER-DRIVEN TOOLS; MANIPULATORS
- B25J—MANIPULATORS; CHAMBERS PROVIDED WITH MANIPULATION DEVICES
- B25J9/00—Programme-controlled manipulators
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B25—HAND TOOLS; PORTABLE POWER-DRIVEN TOOLS; MANIPULATORS
- B25J—MANIPULATORS; CHAMBERS PROVIDED WITH MANIPULATION DEVICES
- B25J9/00—Programme-controlled manipulators
- B25J9/10—Programme-controlled manipulators characterised by positioning means for manipulator elements
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B25—HAND TOOLS; PORTABLE POWER-DRIVEN TOOLS; MANIPULATORS
- B25J—MANIPULATORS; CHAMBERS PROVIDED WITH MANIPULATION DEVICES
- B25J9/00—Programme-controlled manipulators
- B25J9/10—Programme-controlled manipulators characterised by positioning means for manipulator elements
- B25J9/1005—Programme-controlled manipulators characterised by positioning means for manipulator elements comprising adjusting means
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
- Y10T—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER US CLASSIFICATION
- Y10T82/00—Turning
- Y10T82/25—Lathe
- Y10T82/2514—Lathe with work feeder or remover
- Y10T82/2516—Magazine type
Definitions
- This invention relates to an industrial robot, and more particularly, to an industrial robot equipped with a gripper driving mechanism.
- Industrial robots may have a gripping device mounted at the end of an arm which extends from the robot body, the body accomodating control and drive devices.
- the gripping device may be adapted to grasp a workpiece placed on a pallet and to carry the workpiece over a predetermined path to another location or to the chuck of a machine tool.
- compact industrial robots have recently been developed which can be installed in a machine tool per se.
- an industrial robot is capable of picking 'tip an unfinished workpiece from a work feeder and loading it into the chuck of a lathe or the like, or of unloading a machined workpiece from the chuck and placing it on a table. Since the surface of the unfinished workpiece to be held by the chuck lies perpendicular to the surface of the feeder or of the table, the gripping member (hand) must be capable of being rotated through an angle of 90 degrees by the wrist connected thereto in order for the workpiece to be oriented correctly in travelling between the chuck and feeder or table.
- an industrial robot which comprises:
- an embodiment of the present invention may provide a small-size, structually simple industrial robot which is capable of four-point positioning.
- An embodiment of the present invention may further provide a small-size industrial robot capable of being installed on a machine tool.
- a machine tool 1 has a chuck 1a coupled to a spindle for grasping a workpiece carried to the chuck by an industrial robot, as will be described below, and a door 1b which is shown to be open in the drawing, but which is moved in the direction of the arrow to cover the moving parts of the machine when the workpiece cutting operation is in progress.
- Numeral 2 denotes a workpiece table constructed of a steel framework and having a plurality of movable workpiece feeder pallets 2a disposed thereon, each pallet carrying a workpiece 3. More specifically, the arrangement is such that the workpiece feeder pallets 2a, 2a are moved or circulated substabtially eliptically on the surface of the table 2 by a driving apparatus, not shown. When a pallet is brought into position below the gripping device of the robot, the pallet is lifted by a lifting member 2b so that the workpiece may be gripped.
- the lifting member 2b is best shown in Fig. 2.
- the lifting member 2b includes a base 2c for pushing the pallet 2a upwardly from the table 2.
- the base 2c has pins 2d on its upper surface for mating with positioning holes provided in the pallet 2a, and a guide rod 2e attached to the lower side thereof at each of its four corners.
- Each guide rod 2e passes through the upper side pf the table 2.
- a push rod 2f has a threaded lower end which is threadedly engaged with an elevating screw 2g.
- the latter is coupled to a drive motor 2h via a belt 2i so that rotating the motor causes the screw 2g to turn, thereby raising and lowering the push rod 2f and, hence, the pallet 2a via the base 2c.
- Reference 2j denotes a brake.
- an industrial robot is designated generally at numeral 4.
- the robot 4 includes a main body 41 mounted on the upper surface of the machine tool 1 and movable in the direction of the spindle thereof (i.e., along the X-axis) by means of an air cylinder (not shown) an arm 42 pivoted on the main body 41 for swinging motion, a double hand 43, a wrist 44, and an air cylinder 45 pivoted on the main body 41 for swinging motion.
- the double hand 44 comprises a first gripper 43a and a second gripper 43b arranged one above the other and rotable in unison by means of a wrist rotating mechanism to be described later.
- the grippers 43a, 43b have respective fingers 43c, 43d that are openenable and closable independently of each other.
- the wrist 44 is affixed to a mounting bracket, not shown in Fig. 1, attached to the end of arm 42.
- Fig. 3 is a simplified view of the wrist and surrounding parts, and Fig. 4 a more detailed view of the wrist.
- numeral 42 denotes the arm, 43 the double hand, and 44 the wrist.
- Numeral 44a designates the mounting bracket. As shown, the mounting bracket 44a is provided with an arcuate guide slot 44b which allows the angle ⁇ defined by the arm 42 and wrist 44 to be adjusted to an angle of a predetermined magnitude.
- loosening a nut 44c enables the angle ⁇ to be set, and retightening the nut maintains the angle at the set value.
- angle 0 is adjusted in such a manner that the gripping faces of the grippers 43a, 43b lie parallel to the workpiece feeder surface when picking up an unmachined workpiece from the feeder.
- Figs. 4A and 48 are transverse and longitudinal sectional views, respectively, showing ther wrist 44 in detail.
- the wrist 44 includes a substantially cylindrical body 44c, a rotary shaft 44d accommodated within the body 44c for rotable motion, wires 44e, 44e' wound on the rotary shaft 44d, bearings 44f, and four click-stop mechanisms 44g, only one of which is shown, for assuring that the rotary shaft 44d will be retained at whichever of four positions 0, ⁇ 90°, 180° is selected.
- the wire 44e has one end thereof fastened to the rotary shaft 44d by means of a screw, is wound around the rotary shaft several times, and has its other end affixed to a movable air cylinder, described below, via the pulley of a rotating mechanism within the arm, as will be described later.
- wire 44e' has one end thereof fastened to the rotary shaft 44d by a screw, is wound around the rotary shaft, and has its other end fastened to the air cylinder by a screw. Accordingly, when the air cylinder (not shown in Fig. 4) is moved to pull the wire 44e to the right or left in Fig.
- the rotary shaft 44d will be rotated in either the clockwise or counter-clockwise direction, thereby rotating the double hand 43, depicted in Figs. 1 and 3, which is secured to the rotary shaft 44d to form a unitary body therewith.
- the clock-stop mechanism 44g prevents oscillation of the wrist 44 and retains the wrist at any of the 0°, ⁇ 90° and 180° positions. More specifically, a fluctuation in load torque subjects the wires 44e, 44e' to elastic deformation, thereby oscillating the wrist 44.
- the rotary shaft 44d is formed to include four V-shaped positioning notches 44d-1, one notch being disposed at each of the four circumferential positions 0°, ⁇ 90°,180° of the rotary shaft.
- the click-stop mechanisms 44g are provided on the cylindricalbody 44c and spaced apart by an angle of 90 degrees to mate with the notches 44d-1. This will be better understood with reference to Fig. 6.
- numeral 44g-1 denotes a hollow lock nut that fits into a threaded portion formed within the cylindrical body 44c.
- Numeral 44g ⁇ 2 denotes a ball, and 44g-3 a spring, received within the hollow portion of the lock nut 44g-1, for urging the ball 44g-2 toward the center of the rotary shaft 44d.
- the ball 44g-2 is in pressured contact with the circumferential surface 44d-2 of the rotary shaft 44d while the shaft is rotating.
- the air cylinder 45 functions to swing the arm 42, to this end, incorporates a piston rod having one end thereof pivotally secured to the arm.
- pipes for introducing air into the air cylinder 45 are provided at the right and left ends thereof.
- the angle through which the arm 42 is to swing and the distance the robot body 41 is to travel longitudinally of the spindle are set by means such as limit switches or stoppers, taking into account the location of the chuck and the position of the pallet 2a when it is raised by the lifting member 2b.
- a wrist rotating mechanism 51 comprising such members as a first air cylinder 51 a, a second air cylinder 51 d and a pulley 51b, is assembled within the arm 42, having a hollow, elongate form.
- the arm 42 has a frame 42a to which the first air cylinder 51a is fixedly secured.
- the first air cylinder 51a has a piston rod 51f and is adapted to move the piston rod over a stroke equivalent to 180 degrees of wrist revolution.
- Air-introducing pipes 51a-1, 51 a-2 are connected to the air cylinder 51 a at the respective ends thereof.
- the pulley 51 b is mounted on the first air cylinder 51a.
- the wires 44e, 44e' are stretched between the cylinder 51d and the rotary shaft 44d of the wrist 44.
- the rotary shaft 44d can be rotated in the forward or reverse direction.
- Formed integral with the first air cylinder 51a is a guide bar 51c along which the second air cylinder 51d is adapted to move.
- the second air cylinder 51d shown in greater detail in Fig. 8, has leg members 5id-1, bearings 51d-2 (Fig.
- a fitting 51d-3 to which wires 44e, 44e' are affixed, the fitting being fixedly secured to the frame 52-6 of the second cylinder by means of screws, and air-introducing pipes 51d-4, 51d-5 formed in the respective ends thereof.
- the second air cylinder 51d is fit on the guide bar 51c so as to be freely movable therealong via the intermediary of the bearings 51d-2.
- the wires 44e, 44e', fastened at one end to the rotary shaft 44d of the wrist 44 by screws as mentioned above, have respective screws 44e ⁇ 1, 44e' ⁇ 1 affixed to their other ends. These screws are passed through holes formed in the fitting 51d-3 and then are secured to the fitting by tightening nuts from both sides thereof.
- the wires are thus affixed to the second cylinder 51 d.
- the numeral 51e denotes a pair of rollers which are supported on the arm 42.
- the piston rod 51f is shared by both the first and second air cylinders 51a, 51d.
- a piston 51g is affixed to the end of the piston rod 51f located in the first air cylinder 51a, and a piston 51h is affixed to the end of the piston rod located in the second air cylinder 51d.
- Numeral 51 i denotes a stopper the fine adjustment of which regulates the length of the stroke of piston rod 51g.
- the wrist 44 is positioned at one of the four points 0°, ⁇ 90°, 180° depending upon which combination of the four air chambers defined in the first and second air cylinders 51a, 51d is pressurized. It should be noted that the wrist 44 is located at the 90° position when the piston rod 51f and second cylinder 51d have the positional attitudes shown in Fig. 7.
- Fig. 9D shows the situation when the wrist is positioned at 90 degrees, and corresponds to the view in Fig. 7.
- Figs. 10 and 11 describe how a workpiece 3 is moved between the table 2 and machine tool 1, specifically how the workpiece is loaded and unloaded.
- various adjustments can be made. The first of these is to swing the arm 42 in the negative direction along the -A axis, that is, counter-clockwise in Fig. 10, followed by adjusting the angle of the wrist 44 relative to the arm in such a manner that the gripping center of gripper 43a, held.in front of the chuck 1a, coincides with the chuck center.
- a stopper (not shown) for the -A axis is adjusted to limit the swinging motion of the arm 42 in the negative (counter-clockwise) direction along said axis.
- a positioning plate is adjusted to set the limit of travel of the arm 42 in the negative direction along the -X axis.
- the arm 42 is moved along the X axis in the positive direction and swung along the A axis in the positive (clockwise) direction so that the gripping faces of the gripper 43a lie parallel with the surface of the workpiece feeder pallet.
- gripper 43b is gripping an as yet unmachined workpiece 3' at the start of the sequence to be set forth, and that the gripper is vacant.
- two air cylinders are arranged colinearly and share a single piston rod, whereby two air chambers are defined in each cylinder, for a total of four air chambers.
- This arrangement makes it possible to position the wrist at four positions by introducing air into suitable combinations of the air chambers.
- an actuator need not be mounted on the wrist mechanism, and the rotating portion (wrist) and drive member are separated from each other by virtue of the wires. This feature reduces the size and weight of the wrist portion.
- fine adjustment of stroke for the four-point positioning is achieved merely by adjusting the position of the stopper associated with the piston rod, enabling position adjustment to be carried out in a very simple manner.
- an industrial robot having a hollow arm (42) rotatable in a plane perpendicular to the longitudinal axis of a spindle of a machine tool, a wrist mechanism (44) attached for rotation at one end of the arm (42), the wrist mechanism having a rotary shaft, and a gripper connected to the rotary shaft of the wrist mechanism for being rotated thereby.
- first and second air cylinders (51 a, 51 d) colinearly disposed within the arm (42), the first cylinder (51 a) being fixed and the second cylinder (51d) being movable longitudinally of the arm (42).
- a piston rod (51f) interconnects the first and second air cylinders (51a, 51d), the piston rod (51f) having a piston (51g) at one end received in the first cylinder (51a) and a piston (51h) at the other end received in the second cylinder (51d).
- the piston rod (51f) is moved longitudinally of the arm (42) by introducing air selectively into the first and second air cylinders (51a, 51d).
- a pulley (51b) is affixed to the first cylinder (51a), and a tension member such as a wire (44e, 44e') or belt is connected between the rotary shaft (44d) of the wrist mechanism (44) and the pulley (51b).
- the second cylinder (51 d) is connected to the tension member (44e, 44e').
- the tension member (44e, 44e') is pulled by driving the second cylinder (51d), thereby rotating the rotary shaft (44d), which is capable of being stopped at 0°, ⁇ 90°, and 180° positions.
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- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
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- Manipulator (AREA)
Description
- This invention relates to an industrial robot, and more particularly, to an industrial robot equipped with a gripper driving mechanism.
- Industrial robots may have a gripping device mounted at the end of an arm which extends from the robot body, the body accomodating control and drive devices. The gripping device may be adapted to grasp a workpiece placed on a pallet and to carry the workpiece over a predetermined path to another location or to the chuck of a machine tool. In response to the demand for size reduction, compact industrial robots have recently been developed which can be installed in a machine tool per se.
- In general, an industrial robot is capable of picking 'tip an unfinished workpiece from a work feeder and loading it into the chuck of a lathe or the like, or of unloading a machined workpiece from the chuck and placing it on a table. Since the surface of the unfinished workpiece to be held by the chuck lies perpendicular to the surface of the feeder or of the table, the gripping member (hand) must be capable of being rotated through an angle of 90 degrees by the wrist connected thereto in order for the workpiece to be oriented correctly in travelling between the chuck and feeder or table. In robots provided with a double- hand arrangement, namely one in which two grippers are provided and disposed one above the other, it is required that one gripper unload a machined workpiece from the chuck and then rotate by 180 degrees to permit the other gripper, which is holding an unfinished workplace, to load that workpiece into the chuck. A further requirement is that one gripper holding a machined workpiece place the workpiece on the table and then rotate through an angle of 180 degrees to permit the other gripper to pick up an unfinished workpiece from the workpiece feeder. Thus the grippers must be positionable by the wrist mechanism at four
points 0°, ± 90°, and 180°. This can be seen from FR-A-2441 461. Heretofore, however, a small size, structurally simple industrial robot capable of four-point positioning has not been available, although GB-A-2046 691 provides a construction, as defined in the preamble ofclaim 1, which can form the basis of the present invention. - According to the present invention there is provided an industrial robot which comprises:
- an arm rotatable in a predetermined plane, said arm having a hollow interior;
- a wrist mechanism rotatably attached to one end of said arm, said wrist mechanism having a rotary shaft; and
- a gripper connected to the rotary shaft of said wrist mechanism for being rotated thereby; characterised by:
- first and second cylinders colineraly disposed within said arm, said first cylinder being fixed and said second cylinder being movable longitudinally of said arm;
- a piston rod interconnecting said first and second cylinders, said piston rod having a piston at one end received in said first cylinder and a piston at the other end received in said second cylinder, said piston rod being moved longitudinally of said arm by introducing a fluid selectively into said first and second cylinders when the robot is in use;
- a pulley affixed to said first cylinder; and
- a tension member such as a wire or belt connected between the rotary shaft of said wrist mechanism and said pulley;
- said second cylinder being connected to said tension member; and
- said tension member being pulled by driving said second cylinder thereby toi rotate said rotary shaft.
- Accordingly, an embodiment of the present invention may provide a small-size, structually simple industrial robot which is capable of four-point positioning.
- An embodiment of the present invention may further provide a small-size industrial robot capable of being installed on a machine tool.
- Features and advantages of an embodiment of the present invention will be apparent from the following description taken in conjunction with the acoompanying drawings, in which like reference characters designate the same or similar parts throughout the figures thereof.
- Fig. 1 is a perspective view showing an industrial robot according to the present invention installed on a machine tool;
- Fig. 2 is an illustrative view useful in describing the construction of a lifting member;
- Fig. 3 is a view showing the connections between an arm, wrist and double hand,
- Fig. 4 is a view showing the wrist in greater detail;
- Fig. 5 is a perspective view showing the relationship between the wrist and a click-stop mechanism;
- Fig. 6 is a sectional view of the click-stop mechanism; _
- Fig. 7 is a view showing the rotating mechanism of the wrist;
- Fig. 8 is a sectional view showing a second air cylinder;
- Fig. 9 is an illustrative view useful in describing a four-point positioning operation; and
- Figs. 10 and 11 are illustrative views useful in describing the mounting and demounting of a workpiece by an industrial robot according to the present invention.
- Referring to Fig. 1, a
machine tool 1 has a chuck 1a coupled to a spindle for grasping a workpiece carried to the chuck by an industrial robot, as will be described below, and adoor 1b which is shown to be open in the drawing, but which is moved in the direction of the arrow to cover the moving parts of the machine when the workpiece cutting operation is in progress. Numeral 2 denotes a workpiece table constructed of a steel framework and having a plurality of movable workpiece feeder pallets 2a disposed thereon, each pallet carrying aworkpiece 3. More specifically, the arrangement is such that the workpiece feeder pallets 2a, 2a are moved or circulated substabtially eliptically on the surface of the table 2 by a driving apparatus, not shown. When a pallet is brought into position below the gripping device of the robot, the pallet is lifted by alifting member 2b so that the workpiece may be gripped. Thelifting member 2b is best shown in Fig. 2. - In Fig. 2, the
lifting member 2b includes abase 2c for pushing the pallet 2a upwardly from the table 2. Thebase 2c haspins 2d on its upper surface for mating with positioning holes provided in the pallet 2a, and aguide rod 2e attached to the lower side thereof at each of its four corners. Eachguide rod 2e passes through the upper side pf the table 2. Apush rod 2f has a threaded lower end which is threadedly engaged with anelevating screw 2g. The latter is coupled to adrive motor 2h via a belt 2i so that rotating the motor causes thescrew 2g to turn, thereby raising and lowering thepush rod 2f and, hence, the pallet 2a via thebase 2c.Reference 2j denotes a brake. - Returning to Fig. 1, an industrial robot is designated generally at
numeral 4. Therobot 4 includes amain body 41 mounted on the upper surface of themachine tool 1 and movable in the direction of the spindle thereof (i.e., along the X-axis) by means of an air cylinder (not shown) anarm 42 pivoted on themain body 41 for swinging motion, adouble hand 43, awrist 44, and anair cylinder 45 pivoted on themain body 41 for swinging motion. Thedouble hand 44 comprises afirst gripper 43a and asecond gripper 43b arranged one above the other and rotable in unison by means of a wrist rotating mechanism to be described later. Thegrippers respective fingers wrist 44 is affixed to a mounting bracket, not shown in Fig. 1, attached to the end ofarm 42. - Fig. 3 is a simplified view of the wrist and surrounding parts, and Fig. 4 a more detailed view of the wrist. In Fig. 3,
numeral 42 denotes the arm, 43 the double hand, and 44 the wrist. Numeral 44a designates the mounting bracket. As shown, the mounting bracket 44a is provided with anarcuate guide slot 44b which allows the angle θ defined by thearm 42 andwrist 44 to be adjusted to an angle of a predetermined magnitude. - Specifically, loosening a
nut 44c enables the angle θ to be set, and retightening the nut maintains the angle at the set value. - It should be noted that the
angle 0 is adjusted in such a manner that the gripping faces of thegrippers - Figs. 4A and 48 are transverse and longitudinal sectional views, respectively, showing
ther wrist 44 in detail. As shown, thewrist 44 includes a substantiallycylindrical body 44c, arotary shaft 44d accommodated within thebody 44c for rotable motion,wires rotary shaft 44d,bearings 44f, and four click-stop mechanisms 44g, only one of which is shown, for assuring that therotary shaft 44d will be retained at whichever of fourpositions 0, ±90°, 180° is selected. Thewire 44e has one end thereof fastened to therotary shaft 44d by means of a screw, is wound around the rotary shaft several times, and has its other end affixed to a movable air cylinder, described below, via the pulley of a rotating mechanism within the arm, as will be described later. Likewise,wire 44e' has one end thereof fastened to therotary shaft 44d by a screw, is wound around the rotary shaft, and has its other end fastened to the air cylinder by a screw. Accordingly, when the air cylinder (not shown in Fig. 4) is moved to pull thewire 44e to the right or left in Fig. 4B, therotary shaft 44d will be rotated in either the clockwise or counter-clockwise direction, thereby rotating thedouble hand 43, depicted in Figs. 1 and 3, which is secured to therotary shaft 44d to form a unitary body therewith. The clock-stop mechanism 44g prevents oscillation of thewrist 44 and retains the wrist at any of the 0°, ±90° and 180° positions. More specifically, a fluctuation in load torque subjects thewires wrist 44. To prevent this oscillation, therotary shaft 44d is formed to include four V-shapedpositioning notches 44d-1, one notch being disposed at each of the fourcircumferential positions 0°, ±90°,180° of the rotary shaft. In addition, and as shown in Figs. 5 and 6, the click-stop mechanisms 44g are provided on thecylindricalbody 44c and spaced apart by an angle of 90 degrees to mate with thenotches 44d-1. This will be better understood with reference to Fig. 6. - In Fig. 6, which is a sectional view of the click stop 44g, numeral 44g-1 denotes a hollow lock nut that fits into a threaded portion formed within the
cylindrical body 44c. Numeral 44g―2 denotes a ball, and 44g-3 a spring, received within the hollow portion of the lock nut 44g-1, for urging the ball 44g-2 toward the center of therotary shaft 44d. Thus the ball 44g-2 is in pressured contact with thecircumferential surface 44d-2 of therotary shaft 44d while the shaft is rotating. When therotary shaft 44d is stopped at thepositions 0°, ±90°, 180°, however, the ball 44g-2 is forced into one of the V-shapednotches 44d-1 by the pressing force of the spring 44g-3, thereby holding therotary shaft 44d against oscillation. Referring again to Fig. 1, theair cylinder 45 functions to swing thearm 42, to this end, incorporates a piston rod having one end thereof pivotally secured to the arm. Though not illustrated, pipes for introducing air into theair cylinder 45 are provided at the right and left ends thereof. When air is introduced from the pipe at the right end of the cylinder, the piston rod is extended and swings thearm 42 in the direction of the arrow A. When air is introduced from the pipe at the left end of the cylinder, the piston rod is retracted and swings thearm 42 in the direction of arrow B. - To establish the conditions for loading and unloading workpieces in reliable fashion, the angle through which the
arm 42 is to swing and the distance therobot body 41 is to travel longitudinally of the spindle, are set by means such as limit switches or stoppers, taking into account the location of the chuck and the position of the pallet 2a when it is raised by the liftingmember 2b. - The wrist rotating mechanism is shown in Fig. 7, while Fig. 8 shows the connections among the wires and air cylinders. A
wrist rotating mechanism 51, comprising such members as afirst air cylinder 51 a, asecond air cylinder 51 d and apulley 51b, is assembled within thearm 42, having a hollow, elongate form. Thearm 42 has a frame 42a to which thefirst air cylinder 51a is fixedly secured. Thefirst air cylinder 51a has apiston rod 51f and is adapted to move the piston rod over a stroke equivalent to 180 degrees of wrist revolution. Air-introducingpipes 51a-1, 51 a-2 are connected to theair cylinder 51 a at the respective ends thereof. Thepulley 51 b is mounted on thefirst air cylinder 51a. As described above in connection with Figs. 4 and 5, thewires cylinder 51d and therotary shaft 44d of thewrist 44. By pulling these wires to the left or to the right in Fig. 7, therotary shaft 44d can be rotated in the forward or reverse direction. Formed integral with thefirst air cylinder 51a is aguide bar 51c along which thesecond air cylinder 51d is adapted to move. Thesecond air cylinder 51d, shown in greater detail in Fig. 8, has leg members 5id-1,bearings 51d-2 (Fig. 7) incorporated in the leg members, a fitting 51d-3 to whichwires pipes 51d-4, 51d-5 formed in the respective ends thereof. Thesecond air cylinder 51d is fit on theguide bar 51c so as to be freely movable therealong via the intermediary of thebearings 51d-2. Thewires rotary shaft 44d of thewrist 44 by screws as mentioned above, haverespective screws 44e―1, 44e'―1 affixed to their other ends. These screws are passed through holes formed in the fitting 51d-3 and then are secured to the fitting by tightening nuts from both sides thereof. The wires are thus affixed to thesecond cylinder 51 d. In Fig. 7, the numeral 51e denotes a pair of rollers which are supported on thearm 42. Although the length of the wires from therotary shaft 44d of the wrist to the fitting 51d-3 changes when the angle 0 (Fig. 3) defined byarm 42 andwrist 44 is adjusted, this change in length can be adjusted for by turning thescrews 44e―1, 44e―1' in the proper direction. - The
piston rod 51f is shared by both the first andsecond air cylinders piston 51g is affixed to the end of thepiston rod 51f located in thefirst air cylinder 51a, and apiston 51h is affixed to the end of the piston rod located in thesecond air cylinder 51d. Thus, two air chambers are defined in each cylinder, for a total of four air chambers.Numeral 51 i denotes a stopper the fine adjustment of which regulates the length of the stroke ofpiston rod 51g. - Reference will now be had to Figs. 7 and 9 to describe four-point positioning of the wrist or grippers. The
wrist 44 is positioned at one of the fourpoints 0°, ±90°, 180° depending upon which combination of the four air chambers defined in the first andsecond air cylinders wrist 44 is located at the 90° position when thepiston rod 51f andsecond cylinder 51d have the positional attitudes shown in Fig. 7. - In Fig. 7, when air is introduced into the cylinders from the
inlets 51a-2, 51d-4, thesecond cylinder 51d is moverd to the left to assume the attitude shown in Figs. 9A. As thesecond cylinder 51d moves, so do thewires first piston cylinder 51a from theinlet 51a-1 in Fig. 7. thepiston rod 51f is driven to the right over the length of its stroke, corresponding to 180 degrres of rotation. In the course of travelling this distance, thepiston 51 h comes into abutting contact with the right wall of thesecond air cylinder 51 d just as the first half of the stroke, equivalent to 90 degrees of rotation, is reached. Thereafter, thesecond air cylinder 51d is moved to the right a distance corresponding to 90 degrees of rotation by the second half of the piston rod stroke. The total distance covered by thesecond cylinder 51d therefore is equivalent to 90 degrees, so that thewrist 44 is now located at the 180° position. This is represented by Fig. 9B. - Next, if air is introduced into the air cylinders from the
inlets 51a-1, 51d―5 starting from the conditions shown in Fig. 9B, which corresponds to the 180° position, then theair cylinder 51d will be driven further to the right over a distance equivalent to 90 degrees of rotation, as shown in Fig. 9C, pulling the wires to rotate theshaft 44 to the 270° (-90°) position. Fig. 9D shows the situation when the wrist is positioned at 90 degrees, and corresponds to the view in Fig. 7. - Reference will now be had to Figs. 10 and 11 to describe how a
workpiece 3 is moved between the table 2 andmachine tool 1, specifically how the workpiece is loaded and unloaded. We shall take the longitudinal direction of the machine tool spindle as the X-axis, and the direction in which thearm 42 swings as the A-axis. Also, before the robot can begin performing services, various adjustments can be made. The first of these is to swing thearm 42 in the negative direction along the -A axis, that is, counter-clockwise in Fig. 10, followed by adjusting the angle of thewrist 44 relative to the arm in such a manner that the gripping center ofgripper 43a, held.in front of the chuck 1a, coincides with the chuck center. This is the condition shown by the solid lines in Fig. 10. Following this adjustment, thenut 44c (Fig. 3) is tightened to fix the angle of the wrist relative to the arm. Concurrently, a stopper (not shown) for the -A axis is adjusted to limit the swinging motion of thearm 42 in the negative (counter-clockwise) direction along said axis. In addition, a positioning plate, also not shown, is adjusted to set the limit of travel of thearm 42 in the negative direction along the -X axis. Next, thearm 42 is moved along the X axis in the positive direction and swung along the A axis in the positive (clockwise) direction so that the gripping faces of thegripper 43a lie parallel with the surface of the workpiece feeder pallet. This condition is indicated by the phantom lines in Fig. 10. Thereafter, the remaining stopper (not shown) is adjusted to limit the swinging motion of thearm 42 in the positive direction along the A axis, and a positioning plate (not shown) is adjusted to limit the travel of thearm 42 in the positive direction along the X axis. - The above completes the limit and other settings so that the robot is ready to service the machine tool in a manner which will now be described. We will assume that
gripper 43b is gripping an as yet unmachined workpiece 3' at the start of the sequence to be set forth, and that the gripper is vacant. - In the following sequence; intended to exemplify the operation of the robot, workpieces are loaded and unloaded, relative to the chuck 1a, without palletizing.
- (1)
Door 1b, shown in Fig. 1, is opened in response to a signal generated by a control device 9 (Fig 10) provided in back of themachine tool 1. - (2)
Arm 42 is swung in the negative direction along the -A axis in response to an arm actuating signal. - (3)
Arm 42 is moved in the negtive direction along the -X axis in response to an arm moving signal, after which the fingers of 43c ofgripper 43a are closed to grip amachined workpiece 3 being held by the chuck 1a. - (4) The chuck 1a is opened to release the
workpiece 3. - (5)
Arm 42 is moved short distance in the positive direction along the X axis in response to an arm moving signal. - (6) The
grippers wrist 44, after whicharm 42 is moved in the negative direction along the -X axis in response to an arm moving signal to carry the unmachined workpiece 3', held bygripper 43b, to the chuck 1a. - (7) Chuck 1 a is closed to grasp the unmachined workpiece 3', after which the
fingers 43 are opened to release the workpiece 3'. - (8)
Arm 42 is moved in the positive direction along the X axis in response to an arm moving signal, after which the arm is swung in the positive direction along the A axis in response to an arm actuating signal. - (9) The
door 1 b of themachine tool 1 is closed. - (10) The
grippers wrist 44 to positiongripper 43b belowgripper 43a. - (11) A workpiece feeder pallet 2a carrying an unmachined workpiece 3' is raised, as shown in Fig. 11A, to lift the workpiece 3' to the
gripper 43b. - (12) The
fingers 43d are .closed to grip the workpiece 3', whereupon the pallet 2a is towered part of the way; as shown in Fig. 11 B. , - (13)
Grippers wrist 44 to positiongripper 43a belowgripper 43b. This is indicated in Fig. 11C. - (14) Pallet 2a is raised, as depicted in Fig. 11D.
- (15)
Fingers 43c ofgripper 43a are opened to place theworkpiece 3 on pallet 2a, as shon in Fig. 11E. - (16) Pallet 2a is lowered to the table 2 (Fig. 1) and
grippers wrist 44 to execute the next cycle. - In accordance with the present embodiment as described and illustrated hereinabove, two air cylinders, one of which is movable, are arranged colinearly and share a single piston rod, whereby two air chambers are defined in each cylinder, for a total of four air chambers. This arrangement makes it possible to position the wrist at four positions by introducing air into suitable combinations of the air chambers. Furthermore, according to the embodiment, an actuator need not be mounted on the wrist mechanism, and the rotating portion (wrist) and drive member are separated from each other by virtue of the wires. This feature reduces the size and weight of the wrist portion. In addition, fine adjustment of stroke for the four-point positioning is achieved merely by adjusting the position of the stopper associated with the piston rod, enabling position adjustment to be carried out in a very simple manner.
- In general terms, there is provided an industrial robot having a hollow arm (42) rotatable in a plane perpendicular to the longitudinal axis of a spindle of a machine tool, a wrist mechanism (44) attached for rotation at one end of the arm (42), the wrist mechanism having a rotary shaft, and a gripper connected to the rotary shaft of the wrist mechanism for being rotated thereby. There are provided first and second air cylinders (51 a, 51 d) colinearly disposed within the arm (42), the first cylinder (51 a) being fixed and the second cylinder (51d) being movable longitudinally of the arm (42). A piston rod (51f) interconnects the first and second air cylinders (51a, 51d), the piston rod (51f) having a piston (51g) at one end received in the first cylinder (51a) and a piston (51h) at the other end received in the second cylinder (51d). The piston rod (51f) is moved longitudinally of the arm (42) by introducing air selectively into the first and second air cylinders (51a, 51d). A pulley (51b) is affixed to the first cylinder (51a), and a tension member such as a wire (44e, 44e') or belt is connected between the rotary shaft (44d) of the wrist mechanism (44) and the pulley (51b). The second cylinder (51 d) is connected to the tension member (44e, 44e'). The tension member (44e, 44e') is pulled by driving the second cylinder (51d), thereby rotating the rotary shaft (44d), which is capable of being stopped at 0°, ±90°, and 180° positions.
- As many apparently widely different embodiments of the present invention can be made without departing from the scope thereof, it is to be understood that the invention is not limited to the specific embodiments thereof except as defined in the appended claims.
Claims (8)
- An industrial robot which comprises:an arm (42) rotatable in a predetermined plane, said arm (42) having a hollow interior;a wrist mechanism (44) rotatably attached to one end of said arm (42), said wrist mechanism (44) having a rotary shaft (44d); anda gripper (43) connected to the rotary shaft (44d) of said wrist mechanism (44) for being rotated thereby; characterised by:first and second cylinders (51a, 51 d) colinearly disposed within said arm (42), said first cylinder (51a) being fixed and said second cylinder (51d) being movable longitudinally of said arm (42);a piston rod (51f) interconnecting said first and second cylinders (51a, 51d), said piston rod (51f) having a piston (51 g) atone end received in said first cylinder (51a) and a piston (51h) at the other end received in said second cylinder (51d), said piston rod (51f) being moved longitudinally of said arm (42) by introducing a fluid selectively into said first and second cylinders (51a, 51d) when the robot is in use;A pulley (51 b) affixed to said first cylinder (51 a); anda tension member (44e, 44e') such as a wire or belt connected between rotary shaft (44d) of said wrist mechanism (44) and siad pulley (51b);said second cylinder (51d) being connected to said tension member (44e, 44e'); andsaid tension member (44e, 44e') being pulled by driving said second cylinder (51d) thereby to rotate said rotary shaft (44d).
- 2. An industrial robot according to claim 1,. characterised in that tension member (44e, 44e) comprises first and second tension members, said first tension member having an end wound around said rotary shaft (44d) and affixed thereto and another end connected to said second cylinder (51d) via said pulley (51 b), said second tension member having an end affixed to said rotary shaft (44d) and another end connected to said second cylinder (51d).
- 3. An industrial robot according to claim 1 or 2 characterized in that said fluid is air and said first and second cylinders (51a, 51d) are air cylinders.
- 4. An industrial robot according to claim 3, characterisd in that said first and second air cylinders (51a, 51d) each have two air-introducing pipes, air being introduced into said first and second air cylinders (51a, 51d) from prescribed ones of said air-introducing pipes to drive second air cylinder (51d) longitudinally of said arm (42) in order to rotate said rotary shaft (44d), said rotary shaft being stopped at 0°, ±90° and 180° positions by introducing air into predetermined combinations of said air-introducing pipes.
- 5. An industrial robot according to claim 4, characterised in that said rotary shaft (44d) has an outer circumferential surface provided with four notches spaced apart by 90 degrees, four locking members spaced apart by 90 degrees being disposed around said rotary shaft so as to engage said notches.
- 6. An industrial robot according to any preceding claim, characterised in that said gripper (43) has twqo independently operable hands arranged one above the other.
- 7. An industrial robot according to any preceding claim, in operable combination with a machine tool having as spindle.
- 8. An industrial robot according to claim 7, wherein said predetermined plane of rotation of the arm (42) is substantially perpendicular to the axis of the spindle.
Applications Claiming Priority (2)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
JP56104776A JPS5810480A (en) | 1981-07-04 | 1981-07-04 | Industrial robot |
JP104776/81 | 1981-07-04 |
Publications (3)
Publication Number | Publication Date |
---|---|
EP0069552A2 EP0069552A2 (en) | 1983-01-12 |
EP0069552A3 EP0069552A3 (en) | 1983-09-14 |
EP0069552B1 true EP0069552B1 (en) | 1986-10-01 |
Family
ID=14389876
Family Applications (1)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
---|---|---|---|
EP82303473A Expired EP0069552B1 (en) | 1981-07-04 | 1982-07-02 | Industrial robot |
Country Status (6)
Country | Link |
---|---|
US (1) | US4462748A (en) |
EP (1) | EP0069552B1 (en) |
JP (1) | JPS5810480A (en) |
KR (1) | KR880000541B1 (en) |
DE (1) | DE3273556D1 (en) |
SU (1) | SU1186077A3 (en) |
Families Citing this family (12)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
SE438652B (en) * | 1983-03-25 | 1985-04-29 | Ibm Svenska Ab | Pallet for supply of tools and material for a robot or similar system and method for producing a proficient palette |
SE452428B (en) * | 1983-07-11 | 1987-11-30 | Asea Ab | ROBOT INSTALLATION FOR ASSEMBLY |
JPS6124195U (en) * | 1984-07-16 | 1986-02-13 | 株式会社椿本チエイン | Robot wrist rotation device |
JPH0692960B2 (en) * | 1984-07-24 | 1994-11-16 | 住友金属工業株式会社 | Method for measuring pH of electric plating solution |
AT387354B (en) * | 1987-02-18 | 1989-01-10 | Heid Ag Maschf | GRIPPERS FOR WORKPIECES, CLAMPING PALLETS, CLAMPING AGENTS OR THE LIKE. |
US5475797A (en) * | 1993-10-22 | 1995-12-12 | Xerox Corporation | Menu driven system for controlling automated assembly of palletized elements |
US5988960A (en) * | 1998-06-09 | 1999-11-23 | Hasler; James J. | Holder for plurality of workpieces |
CN102699513A (en) * | 2012-05-31 | 2012-10-03 | 长城汽车股份有限公司 | Automatic feeding device of resistance welding equipment |
US10045761B2 (en) | 2012-12-31 | 2018-08-14 | Tdm Surgitech, Inc. | Systems, apparatus and methods for tissue dissection |
US20140188107A1 (en) | 2012-12-31 | 2014-07-03 | Paul Joseph Weber | Methods and systems for tissue dissection and modification |
WO2014126482A2 (en) | 2013-02-14 | 2014-08-21 | Paul Weber | Systems, apparatus and methods for tissue dissection |
CN108098676B (en) * | 2017-12-25 | 2020-09-15 | 金湖县农副产品营销协会 | Manipulator for automatically assembling switch box |
Family Cites Families (14)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
US2811267A (en) * | 1952-02-14 | 1957-10-29 | Magnaflux Corp | Feeding mechanism control system |
US2792953A (en) * | 1953-12-08 | 1957-05-21 | King Donald Mayer | Mechanical handling mechanisms or devices |
FR1158622A (en) * | 1956-09-21 | 1958-06-17 | Renault | Automatic parts feeder on machine tools |
FR2278457A1 (en) * | 1974-07-18 | 1976-02-13 | Commissariat Energie Atomique | MOTORIZED MANIPULATOR WITH CABLES |
JPS5227739U (en) * | 1975-08-19 | 1977-02-26 | ||
JPS5337972A (en) * | 1976-09-21 | 1978-04-07 | Toyoda Mach Works Ltd | Tool shifting apparatus for use in automatic tool changer |
CH598910A5 (en) * | 1976-12-22 | 1978-05-12 | Voumard Machines Co Sa | |
IT1109055B (en) * | 1978-02-17 | 1985-12-16 | Comau Ind S P A | MANIPULATOR APPARATUS |
JPS5520839A (en) * | 1978-07-31 | 1980-02-14 | Nat Jutaku Kenzai | Method of building ceiling of prefabricated basement |
DE2844319C2 (en) * | 1978-10-11 | 1984-07-19 | Friedrich Deckel AG, 8000 München | Tool change facility |
SE425951B (en) * | 1978-11-13 | 1982-11-29 | Smt Machine Co Ab | DETAIL EXCHANGE AT REPLY |
DE2915603C2 (en) * | 1979-04-18 | 1983-10-27 | Zahnradfabrik Friedrichshafen Ag, 7990 Friedrichshafen | Handling device for load transfer maneuvers that take place perpendicular to the support base and around a swivel axis parallel to it, with the ability to be adjusted transversely |
US4259876A (en) * | 1979-10-02 | 1981-04-07 | Belyanin Petr N | Mechanical arm |
SU876414A1 (en) * | 1980-02-18 | 1981-10-30 | Производственное Объединение Турбостроения "Ленинградский Металлический Завод" | Manipulator |
-
1981
- 1981-07-04 JP JP56104776A patent/JPS5810480A/en active Pending
-
1982
- 1982-07-02 KR KR8202965A patent/KR880000541B1/en active
- 1982-07-02 DE DE8282303473T patent/DE3273556D1/en not_active Expired
- 1982-07-02 EP EP82303473A patent/EP0069552B1/en not_active Expired
- 1982-07-02 SU SU823461549A patent/SU1186077A3/en active
- 1982-07-02 US US06/394,873 patent/US4462748A/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
---|---|
US4462748A (en) | 1984-07-31 |
SU1186077A3 (en) | 1985-10-15 |
EP0069552A2 (en) | 1983-01-12 |
KR880000541B1 (en) | 1988-04-13 |
JPS5810480A (en) | 1983-01-21 |
KR840000341A (en) | 1984-02-18 |
DE3273556D1 (en) | 1986-11-06 |
EP0069552A3 (en) | 1983-09-14 |
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