EP0067070B1 - Civière - Google Patents

Civière Download PDF

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Publication number
EP0067070B1
EP0067070B1 EP82302967A EP82302967A EP0067070B1 EP 0067070 B1 EP0067070 B1 EP 0067070B1 EP 82302967 A EP82302967 A EP 82302967A EP 82302967 A EP82302967 A EP 82302967A EP 0067070 B1 EP0067070 B1 EP 0067070B1
Authority
EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
stretcher
board
disposition
portions
strings
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Expired
Application number
EP82302967A
Other languages
German (de)
English (en)
Other versions
EP0067070A1 (fr
Inventor
Brian David Powell
David Bernard Jones
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
MFC Survival Ltd
Original Assignee
MFC Survival Ltd
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by MFC Survival Ltd filed Critical MFC Survival Ltd
Priority to AT82302967T priority Critical patent/ATE13250T1/de
Publication of EP0067070A1 publication Critical patent/EP0067070A1/fr
Application granted granted Critical
Publication of EP0067070B1 publication Critical patent/EP0067070B1/fr
Expired legal-status Critical Current

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Classifications

    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61G—TRANSPORT, PERSONAL CONVEYANCES, OR ACCOMMODATION SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR PATIENTS OR DISABLED PERSONS; OPERATING TABLES OR CHAIRS; CHAIRS FOR DENTISTRY; FUNERAL DEVICES
    • A61G1/00—Stretchers
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B63—SHIPS OR OTHER WATERBORNE VESSELS; RELATED EQUIPMENT
    • B63C—LAUNCHING, HAULING-OUT, OR DRY-DOCKING OF VESSELS; LIFE-SAVING IN WATER; EQUIPMENT FOR DWELLING OR WORKING UNDER WATER; MEANS FOR SALVAGING OR SEARCHING FOR UNDERWATER OBJECTS
    • B63C9/00—Life-saving in water
    • B63C9/06—Floatable closed containers with accommodation for one or more persons inside
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B63—SHIPS OR OTHER WATERBORNE VESSELS; RELATED EQUIPMENT
    • B63C—LAUNCHING, HAULING-OUT, OR DRY-DOCKING OF VESSELS; LIFE-SAVING IN WATER; EQUIPMENT FOR DWELLING OR WORKING UNDER WATER; MEANS FOR SALVAGING OR SEARCHING FOR UNDERWATER OBJECTS
    • B63C9/00—Life-saving in water
    • B63C9/02—Lifeboats, life-rafts or the like, specially adapted for life-saving
    • B63C9/04—Life-rafts
    • B63C2009/042—Life-rafts inflatable

Definitions

  • This invention relates to a stretcher (being an appliance for carrying a disabled person) of the type which comprises means for providing a rigid surface large enough to provide support to a supine human body over substantially the entire width and length of the body, and an inflatable body cushioning means which is situated between the rigid surface and the prone human body in use of the stretcher, the rigid surface comprising a body board made up from at least three rigid, body support board portions which extend in a transverse direction across the full width of the body board and in a longitudinal direction along a portion of the length of the board, and means for limiting movement of the board portions relative to one another to movement between a compact, transport disposition of the stretcher and a flat, useful disposition of the stretcher.
  • Stretchers of the "carrying sheet” type are readily transportable but are limited in their ability to provide rigid support over the full width and length of a supine human body.
  • Those previously proposed portable stretchers which would provide ample support are too large and heavy to be readily transportable over long distances by a single human bearer.
  • United States Patent Specification No. 3449776 describes how necessary it is fully to immobilize a patient on a stretcher. It proposes to do this by strapping the patient to an elongate support which comprises three telescoping elements, and so suffers from the disadvantage that any inflatable mattress, protective blanket or other bodily comfort which runs the length of the stretcher must be removed or detached before the support is moved from its use position to its transport position.
  • the present invention seeks to provide a fully and protective supportive stretcher which is, at the same time more readily transportable than the prior proposals.
  • a stretcher according to the present invention is characterized in that the means for limiting movement of the board portions comprises a hinge between each portion and the adjacent portions or portions along the length of the board, and stiffening means for resisting downward movement of the or each board portion separating end portions of the board, when the stretcher is in use and supported at its ends above the ground, the
  • ffening means comprising a pair of stiffening strings, each of which strings is located along an opposed longitudinal edge of the body board when the stretcher is in said useful disposition, and the stiffening strings comprising a line of rigid string c'lements, each of which elements is connected to one of the board portions for movement of the element relative to the portion between a standing disposition and a relaxed disposition, the said string elements being hingedly connected to one another with the pivotal axis of the hinges lying perpendicular to the plane of the body board when the string elements are in said standing disposition, and in a plane lying parallel to the plane of the body board when the string elements are in said relaxed disposition, whereby the strings provide a stiffening function only when they are in said standing disposition, offering no resistance to movement of the body board portions from the useful disposition to the transport disposition when they are in said relaxed disposition.
  • the combination of a rigid yet foldable surface and an inflatable cushion combines lightness, portability and strength, and thereby facilitates transport of the stretcher, while empty, by a single human bearer.
  • the parts of the stretcher are preferably so shaped that, when the stretcher is in the transport disposition, the entire stretcher can be arranged as a back-pack, which is preferably such that no dimension exceeds one-third of the length of the stretcher when in use.
  • the board portions are circumjacent the cushioning means, in the transport disposition, thereby affording some protection to the inflatable cushioning means in transport.
  • the support board portions are connected by hinge formations, which can be of fabric, so retaining the body support board as a single component which can be folded into a compact configuration.
  • a pack having a width which is similar to that of the stretcher, a thickness X approximately one-tenth of the length of the stretcher and a length Y approximately one- quarter of the length of the stretcher can be provided with a body support board having a central portion of length (along the length of the stretcher) X to which is joined by hinges two adjacent board portions of length Y, and then two further portions of length no more than X.
  • these two further portions can be of length X/2 and connected to two end portions of the body support board having a length no greater than Y. If the two ends of such a board are folded in to the middle of the board then a pack of the same width as the support board and with X and Y as its other two major dimensions, will be formed.
  • the body support board portions are made from a composite material of fibres set in a resin matrix in order to provide the maximum available stiffness consistent with a light weight.
  • Stiffening means may be employed to limit relative movement of the board portions when the stretcher is in use.
  • these stiffeners are of 25 mm square section aluminium alloy tube and are attached to the body support board so that they are not lost when the stretcher is dismantled. None of the stiffeners is longer than one-third of the length of the stretcher and, where it is convenient to connect together the stiffeners for use of the stretcher, this can be effected by the use of retractable inserts housed within the ends of the stiffener tubes.
  • buoyancy tubes along the flank edges of the body support board, so that the stretcher is capable of supporting an injured person on the surface of a body of water.
  • the lower surfaces of the buoyancy tubes are resistant to abrasion and are faired at one end at least of the stretcher so that the stretcher is more readily suitable to be handled as a sledge in use i.e. is adapted for sledging.
  • the upper surface of the body support board is provided with an inflatable mattress and has a sufficient number of straps or bindings to enable the necessary restraint to be applied to the injured person on the stretcher. It is useful to divide the mattress into a trunk-cushion and a head cushion, and to provide means for establishing a degree of inflation of the head cushion different from that of the trunk cushion.
  • a survival cover or sheet will be provided to extend over the body support board for covering the injured person and conveniently this is in two halves connected by a zip fastener running centrally along the length of the sheet or cover.
  • the trunk and legs of the body of an injured person 10 is borne on an inflatable mattress 11 carried between two large buoyancy tubes 12 and 13.
  • the head of the patient 10 rests upon a V-shaped headrest cushion 14, and his body is covered by a laminated survival cover 15 which incorporates leaves of the so- called "Space Blanket" material for resisting loss of heat from the patient 10.
  • a transparent visor for covering the head of the patient 10, when necessary.
  • the survival cover 15 has a centrally placed zip fastener 16 running the entire length of the cover, and tags 17 which engage studs on the tubes 12 and 13 with a snap action.
  • Fig. 1 shows that the main buoyancy tubes 12 and 13 are connected by a front thwart support tube 18 and rear tube 19.
  • This rear tube carries a main inflatable valve 20 through which supplies of compressed air or, if desired, compressed carbon dioxide gas, may be introduced into the inflatable cavities of the stretcher.
  • a bottle 21 of sufficient compressed gas to inflate the stretcher may be secured to the rear tube.
  • the gas passes .directly from the tube 19 into the main buoyancy tubes 12 and 13 and the front thwart support tube 18, but indirectly, through a mattress inflation cock 22, into the mattress 11 and the headrest 14.
  • a mattress inflation cock 22 Between the mattress 11 and headrest 14 there is a non-return valve shown in the drawing purely schematically at 39.
  • the amount of air in the headrest is controllable by a deflation valve 23, and the amount of air in the mattress 11 by a mattress deflation valve 24.
  • the front thwart support tube 16 carries a pressure relief valve 25 and a deflation plug 26.
  • a number of lifting rings and handles 27 are provided around the periphery of the stretcher.
  • Fig. 1 shows one possible arrangement of straps and harness bonded to the inflatable mattress 11, the main buoyancy tubes 12 and 13 and the body support board beneath the mattress 11 and described further herinbelow, to provide the necessary restraint for an injured person lying on the stretcher.
  • the various straps and harness incorporated quick release buckles 28.
  • the straps may therefore comprise a head strap 29, a chest strap 30, groin straps 31 and 32 a knee strap 33 and an ankle strap 34, adjustable, diagonal body-securing harness straps 35 and 36, a plurality of leg-securing loops 37 and several traction loops 38.
  • the ends of the buoyancy tubes 12 and 13 are faired into a smoothly rounded shape to facilitate "sledging” i.e. dragging, the stretcher over the ground.
  • the ground- contacting surfaces of the stretcher are protected against abraslon it ouch use is contemplated.
  • the illustrated embodiment is adapted to be safely towed over a water surface, as the stretcher floats thereon.
  • Fig. 3 shows that the body support board 40 is made up of a relatively short central board portion 41 flanked by two large portions 42 and 43, flanked in turn by two rather short portions 44 and 45 and then two equal sized end portions 46 and 47, the adjacent portions of the board being connected to one another by fabric hinges 48 and together providing a board having a length of nearly 2 m and a width of approximately 40 cms.
  • the portion 42 has a pair of slots 49 and 50
  • the portion 43 has a pair of slots 51 and 52
  • the end portion 46 (which underlies the headrest 14) has a pair of slots 53 and 54.
  • each of the slots is slidably movable an aluminium slide member 55 to 60 respectively.
  • the hinges allow the string to pivot through a right angle between a relaxed disposition flat on the board 40 as shown in Fig. 3 and a standing disposition perpendicular to the board 40 as shown in Fig. 6, referred to hereinbelow.
  • the string 64 comprises an end element 65 of marine grade plywood connected to the hinge 61 and by a strong brass hinge 66 to a first centre element 67 which overlies the centre board portion 41.
  • This element 67 is connected by a similar brass hinge 68 to a compensating element 78 which overlies the board element 43.
  • a short element 69 is connected by a brass hinge 70 to the compensating element 78 and by another brass hinge 71 to an end element 72 itself connected to the fabric hinge 63.
  • a string which is mounted to the slide members 56, 58 and 60 is similar to the string 64 and a mirror image of it. It is omitted from Fig. 3 the better to show the slide members 56, 58 and 60.
  • the length of the compensating element 78 is variable by a small extent, as is shown diagrammatically in Fig. 3 by a male member 73 of a first portion 74 of the compensating element which is slidable in a channel 75 in a second portion 76 of the element 78.
  • Fig. 4 shows the body board 40 and stiffener string 64 in the compact, transport disposition of the stretcher, and it is believed that inspection of the reference numbers will reveal the manner in which the board and string is folded.
  • the brass hinges 66, 68, 70 and 71 each fold at the position of one of the fabric hinges 48 connecting adjacent body board portions, and that the compensating element 78 serves to secure sufficient variation in the distance separating the brass hinges 68 and 70 to allow the body board 40 to move between its folded, compact disposition and its flat disposition.
  • Fig. 5 it can be seen that the main buoyancy tubes 12 and 13 are nipped in at the waist thereof by H-section reeds 80 and 81 respectively. It is preferable that the end flanges 82 of the reeds are secured to the outer surface of the buoyancy tubes, and then further secured by fabric holding covers 83 as shown in the drawing. An alternative, but less preferred, arrangement would be to secure end flanges of the reeds 80 and 81 to the interior surface of the buoyancy tubes 12 and 13.
  • Strips 84 of material secure the buoyancy tubes 12 and 13 to the long edges of the body support board 40 of the stretcher.
  • the board 40 is supported as described above by stiffener strings 64 and 85, and carries the inflatable mattress 11 of the stretcher on its upper surface.
  • the construction of the mattress 11, as shown in Fig. 5, is conventional and need not be described further herein.
  • Above the mattress 11 is shown the survival cover 15.
  • Fig. 5 shows sheets of abrasion- resistant material 86 may be bonded to the lower surfaces of the buoyancy tubes 12 and 13 to resist damage to the gas-tight construction of the tubes 12 and 13 during sledging of the stretcher.
  • FIG. 6 shows the stiffener element 65 secured to the slide member 55 by the fabric hinge 61 which comprises a wide strip 87 and a narrow strip 88 of fabric which together flank the lower longitudinal edge 89 of the element 65 and extend through a slot 90 defined by a slotted element 91 of the slide member 55.
  • the lower edges of the strips 87 and 88 are secured between a downward-facing surface of the slotted element 91 and an upward-facing surface of a facing element 92 of the slide member 55.
  • the slots and slide members in the body board are protected from contact with dirt or water from below the body board by waterproof protective covers 93 of polyvinylchloride bonded to the lower surface of the body board 40 and within which the slide members 55 to 60 can move along their respective slots.
  • inflation of the stretcher from the compact disposition of Fig. 4 to the flat disposition of Figs. 1 and 5 can be automatic, the inflation of the mattress 11 first urging the body board 40 to open out flat and then urging the stiffener strings to assume their standing disposition in which, it will be appreciated, they are each sandwiched between one of the flank tubes 12 and 13 and the mattress 11.
  • This sandwiching helps to keep the stiffener strings 64 and 85 properly upright, and ensures that the fabric hinges 61 are not required to withstand an unbalanced pressure from the inflated mattress 11 during use of the stretcher, thereby protecting the fabric hinges 61 to 63 against undue tension and wear.
  • Fig. 7 shows one of the fabric hinges 48 when fully open.
  • Each hinge has two fabric hinge members 90 bonded to two adjacent portions of the body board 40 and connected to one another by a centre stitch 91.
  • Short lengths of fabric holding tape 92 cover the area of the hinge and, in particular, the exposed surface of the centre stitch 91.
  • flank tubes 12 and 13 provide a degree of stiffness in the illustrated embodiment, so that the stiffener strings need not extend towards the foot of the body board 40 far enough to overlie the body board portions 45 and 47.
  • flank tubes 12 and 13 when deflated, can be folded to overlie the body board 40 so that, in the transport disposition of the stretcher, the body board surrounds and protects the other components of the stretcher.

Landscapes

  • Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
  • Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
  • Animal Behavior & Ethology (AREA)
  • General Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
  • Public Health (AREA)
  • Veterinary Medicine (AREA)
  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • Ocean & Marine Engineering (AREA)
  • Mattresses And Other Support Structures For Chairs And Beds (AREA)
  • Devices That Are Associated With Refrigeration Equipment (AREA)

Claims (9)

1. Civière du type comprenant des moyens (40, 64) pour constituer une surface rigide assez large pour servir de support à un corps humain étendu sur pratiquement la largeur et la longeur entières du corps, et des moyens gonflables formant coussin pour le corps (11) qui sont situés entre la surface rigide et le corps humain étendu en utilisation de la civière, la surface rigide comprenant un planche de corps faite d'au moins trois parties de planches rigides formant support pour le corps (41,42,43,44,45,46 et 47) qui s'étendent dans une direction transversale sur la largeur totale de la planche de corps et dans une direction longitudinale suivant une partie de la longueur de la planche et des moyens (48, 64) servant à limiter le mouvement des parties de la planche l'une par rapport à l'autre au mouvement entre une disposition de transport compacte de la civière et une disposition plate en utilisation de la civière, caractérisée en ce que les moyens servant à limiter le mouvement des parties de la planche comprennent une charnière (48) entre chaque partie et la ou les parties adjacentes suivant la longueur de la planche, et des moyens de renforcement (12, 13 et 64) pour résister au mouvement vers le bas de la partie de planche ou de chaque partie de planche séparant les parties d'extrémité de la planche, lorsque la civière est utilisée et supportée à ses extrémités au dessus du sol, les moyens de renforcement comprenant une paire de cordes formant renfort (64), dont chacune est située le long d'un bord longitudinal opposé de la planche de corps lorsque la planche est dans ladite position d'utilisation, et les cordes formant renfort comprenant un alignement d'éléments de corde rigide (65, 67, 78, 69, 72) dont chacun est relié à une des parties de planche pour permettre le mouvement de l'élément par rapport à la partie entre une disposition tenue et une disposition relâchée, lesdits éléments de corde étant reliés de manière pivotante l'un à l'autre, l'axe de pivotement des charnières s'étendant perpendiculairement au plan contenant la planche de corps lorsque les éléments de corde sont dans ladite position tenue, et dans un plan s'étendant parallèlement au plan contenant la planche de corps lorsque les éléments de corde sont dans ladite position relâchée, ce en quoi les cordes apportent une fonction de renforcement seulement lorsqu'elles sont dans ladite disposition tenue, n'offrant aucune résistance au mouvement des parties de planche de corps depuis la disposition d'utilisation jusqu'à la disposition de transport lorsqu'elles sont dans ladite position relâchée.
2. Civière suivant la revendication 1, caractérisée en ce que, dans la disposition compacte de transport, la civière prend la forme d'un paquet devant être porté sur le dos d'un seul porteur.
3. Civière suivant la revendication 2 caractérisée en ce que les parties de planche enserrent les moyens formant coussin pour le corps (11) lorsque la civière est dans ladite disposition compacte de transport, permettant ainsi une protection des moyens formant coussin.
4. Civière suivant l'une quelconque des revendications précédentes, caractérisée en ce que les cordes sont disposées le long des bords longitudinaux des moyens formant coussin, et sur une face supérieure de la planche de corps et recouvrent les moyens formant coussin dégonflés dans la disposition relâchée, de telle sorte que le gonflage des moyens formant coussin (11) repousse les cordes afin de les déplacer de la disposition relâchée à la disposition tenue.
5. Civière suivant l'une quelconque des revendications précédentes, caractérisée en ce que Ies moyens formant coussin pour le corps comprennent un coussin pour le tronc (11) et un coussin pour la tête (14), et en ce que des moyens (23, 24 et 39) sont constitués pour établir un degré de gonflage choisi du coussin pour la tête différent de celui du coussin pour le tronc.
6. Civière suivant l'une quelconque des revendications précédentes, caractérisée en ce qu'elle comporte des tubes latéraux gonflables (12 et 13), un sur chaque côté de la planche de corps.
7. Civière suivant la revendication 6 caractérisée en ce que les tubes latéraux sont étranglés (81) au voisinage de leur taille, pour ainsi réduire la largeur totale de la civière gonflée.
8. Civière suivant la revendication 7 ou la revendication 6 rattachée à la revendication 4 caractérisée en ce que chacune des cordes (64) est maintenue dans la disposition tenue prise en sandwich entre les moyens formant coussin et un des tubes latéraux.
9. Civière suivant l'une quelconque des revendication précédentes caractérisée en ce qu'elle comporte des sangles de fixation du corps (29-36) et une couverture pour le corps souple et thermiquement isolante (15).
EP82302967A 1981-06-09 1982-06-09 Civière Expired EP0067070B1 (fr)

Priority Applications (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
AT82302967T ATE13250T1 (de) 1981-06-09 1982-06-09 Krankentrage.

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
GB8117596 1981-06-09
GB8117596 1981-06-09

Publications (2)

Publication Number Publication Date
EP0067070A1 EP0067070A1 (fr) 1982-12-15
EP0067070B1 true EP0067070B1 (fr) 1985-05-15

Family

ID=10522363

Family Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
EP82302967A Expired EP0067070B1 (fr) 1981-06-09 1982-06-09 Civière

Country Status (4)

Country Link
EP (1) EP0067070B1 (fr)
AT (1) ATE13250T1 (fr)
CA (1) CA1191655A (fr)
DE (1) DE3263513D1 (fr)

Families Citing this family (13)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US4607655A (en) * 1984-04-09 1986-08-26 Wagner David L R Survival shelter
US4766918A (en) * 1986-11-03 1988-08-30 Aspen Enterprises, Inc. Convertible, inflatable shelter apparatus
GB9124945D0 (en) * 1991-11-23 1992-01-22 Mangar Aids Ltd Load supporting apparatus
GB2382994B (en) * 2001-12-12 2005-04-27 Hamish Macinnes Mountain rescue stretcher
AU2003251672A1 (en) 2002-08-27 2004-03-19 Ecolab Inc. Rescue underlay for mattresses
DE20316498U1 (de) * 2003-10-24 2005-03-10 Ecolab Inc., St. Paul Rettungsunterlage zur Personenrettung
US7344874B2 (en) 2004-03-04 2008-03-18 Ajinomoto Co., Inc. L-glutamic acid-producing microorganism and a method for producing L-glutamic acid
GB2430381A (en) * 2005-09-23 2007-03-28 Mfc Survival Ltd Inflatable stretcher
MY157255A (en) * 2010-02-08 2016-05-31 Johnson & Nicholson M Sdn Bhd Inflatable portable platform
NL1038523C2 (nl) * 2011-01-14 2012-07-17 Products B V C Als reddingsvlot bruikbare brancard.
CN103395484B (zh) * 2013-07-22 2015-10-07 郑运婷 救生船
CN108750043A (zh) * 2018-07-09 2018-11-06 镇江玄润消防器材有限公司 一种用于水上的救生抬板
CN112754777B (zh) * 2021-01-19 2024-06-04 中国人民解放军海军工程大学 一种水陆两用救援担架

Family Cites Families (11)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
FR1202100A (fr) * 1958-09-11 1960-01-07 Etablissements Jacques Rieger Perfectionnement apporté aux matelas pneumatiques
US3135972A (en) * 1963-04-30 1964-06-09 Rescue Res & Dev Co Segmented litter
US3287895A (en) * 1964-12-16 1966-11-29 Res Mfg Inc Foldable litter structure
FR1535617A (fr) * 1967-06-27 1968-08-09 Bertin & Cie Perfectionnements aux dispositifs de transports des blessés ou de charges fragiles,en particulier aux civières
US3449776A (en) * 1967-09-11 1969-06-17 Randall D Brock Stretcher
DE1964508A1 (de) * 1969-12-23 1971-07-08 Metzeler Ag Katamaranaehnlicher Bootskoerper
FR2181120A5 (fr) * 1972-04-18 1973-11-30 Soret
FR2222070A1 (en) * 1973-03-20 1974-10-18 Bloch Jean Inflatable universal rescue equipment - can be used as raft or as stretcher which absorbs shocks when inflated
US4067075A (en) * 1973-10-23 1978-01-10 Leathers Kenneth L Inflatable stretcher
GB1536191A (en) * 1977-05-12 1978-12-20 Morgan A Rescue bag
GB2016932B (en) * 1978-01-19 1982-08-25 Gilchrist T Portable litter

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
ATE13250T1 (de) 1985-06-15
EP0067070A1 (fr) 1982-12-15
CA1191655A (fr) 1985-08-13
DE3263513D1 (en) 1985-06-20

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