EP0066952A2 - Detektorsystem für Feuer oder Explosion - Google Patents

Detektorsystem für Feuer oder Explosion Download PDF

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Publication number
EP0066952A2
EP0066952A2 EP82302245A EP82302245A EP0066952A2 EP 0066952 A2 EP0066952 A2 EP 0066952A2 EP 82302245 A EP82302245 A EP 82302245A EP 82302245 A EP82302245 A EP 82302245A EP 0066952 A2 EP0066952 A2 EP 0066952A2
Authority
EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
control signal
fire
detector
output
amplitude
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Granted
Application number
EP82302245A
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English (en)
French (fr)
Other versions
EP0066952B1 (de
EP0066952A3 (en
Inventor
Mark T. Kern
Robert J. Cinzori
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Raytheon Co
Original Assignee
Santa Barbara Research Center
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Santa Barbara Research Center filed Critical Santa Barbara Research Center
Publication of EP0066952A2 publication Critical patent/EP0066952A2/de
Publication of EP0066952A3 publication Critical patent/EP0066952A3/en
Application granted granted Critical
Publication of EP0066952B1 publication Critical patent/EP0066952B1/de
Expired legal-status Critical Current

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    • G—PHYSICS
    • G08—SIGNALLING
    • G08B—SIGNALLING OR CALLING SYSTEMS; ORDER TELEGRAPHS; ALARM SYSTEMS
    • G08B17/00—Fire alarms; Alarms responsive to explosion
    • G08B17/12—Actuation by presence of radiation or particles, e.g. of infrared radiation or of ions

Definitions

  • This invention relates to the field of devices that sense the presence of an undesirable fire or explosion within a protected area or compartment, and thereafter cause a fire suppressant to be released to extinguish the fire.
  • this invention relates to a device that will distinguish a fire from the flash produced, for example, by a projectile penetrating a wall of the protected area, and release the suppressant only when it senses a fire.
  • detector refers to a radiation sensitive element that converts electromagnetic radiation to electrical signals.
  • sensor refers to a system using at least one “detector”, and which includes some other electronic apparatus to amplify or process the "detector” signals.
  • the fire sensor system disclosed in U.S. Patent No. 4,206,454 to Schapira, et al is capable of sensing fires, but would also react to suppress the flash caused by a projectile penetration.
  • the projectile flash would radiate a quick-rising short-wavelength component and a slow-rising long-wavelength component which would activate the suppressant as soon as the long-wavelength component passed the threshold level. But, such operation might be unnecessary if no fire resulted from the projectile penetration, or might occur ,too soon if the fire ignition was delayed, as when leaking fuel is subsequently ignited.
  • the fire sensor system disclosed in U.S. Patent No. 4,101,767 to Lennington, et al will also have difficulty distinguishing a flash from a fire.
  • the Lennington system is basically a single channel fire sensor (using detector 30) with a discrimination circuit (detectors 10 and 20) to prevent outputs as long as the color temperature is greater than some value (e.g. - 2400°K).
  • This sensor system was designed specifically for the dynamics of a HEAT round attack against an armored vehicle. In this case, the long wavelength signal (4.4 micrometers) drops below the sensor threshold following the HEAT round impact before the short wavelength detectors indicate a color temperature less than the preset value. In aircraft applications, however, this is often not the case and the Lennington system may release suppressant to snuff a flash that would dissipate rapidly by itself.
  • the general purpose of this invention is to provide a new and improved fire sensor which overcomes the above-described disadvantages of the prior art fire sensors, and which is operable to detect the presence of a fire and cause the release of a fire suppressant.
  • the present invention electrically simulates what would happen optically in the event there is a flash without a subsequent fire.
  • the timing of the release of fire suppressant does not come so soon that an occasional false alarm results (that is, suppressant is released when a flash occurs but no fire follows), but yet does not come so late that the suppressant is inadequate to extinguish a fire.
  • the present invention provides a three channel sensor system having a first detector capable of detecting electromagnetic energy within a first predetermined spectral band and generating a first control signal that is proportional to the amplitude of the energy it detects, and a second detector capable of detecting electromagnetic energy within a second predetermined spectral band and generating a second control signal that is proportional to the amplitude of the energy it detects.
  • the first channel of the sensor system is responsive to the first detector and generates a third control signal whenever the first control signal exceeds a first predetermined level.
  • the second channel of the sensor system is responsive Lo the second detector and generates a fourth control signal whenever the second control signal exceeds a second predetermined level.
  • the third channel of the sensor system is responsive to both the first and second control signals and generates a fifth control signal until the difference between the amplitudes of the first and second control signals exceeds a third predetermined level.
  • the third channel ceases generating the fifth control signal for a period of time which may be termed the "delay period".
  • the delay period When the delay period has passed, the third channel will again generate the fifth control signal.
  • the first, second, and third channels are electrically fed to an output circuit which generates an output signal only when the third, fourth, and fifth control signals are simultaneously received from the first, second, and third channels respectively.
  • the output signal when generated, may be further processed or used to activate electromechanical fire suppression equipment.
  • the length of the delay period may be determined in various ways by different types of delay circuits incorporated in the third channel.
  • the type of delay circuit utilized may depend on the type of fire or explosion that might be expected to occur in the monitored area.
  • a simple type of delay circuit is one that merely interrupts the generation of the fifth control signal for a predetermined period of time after the difference between the first and second control signals exceeds the third predetermined level.
  • a three channel sensor system 10 has a photon detector 15 that is responsive to radiant energy within a spectral band of relatively short wavelength (0.7 to 1.2 microns, for example), and a thermal detector 20 that is responsive to a spectral band of relatively long wavelength (7 to 30 microns, for example).
  • the analog output of each detector 15 and 20 is amplified by amplifiers 25 and 30 respectively.
  • the outputs of amplifiers 25 and 30, which are hereinafter called nodes a and b respectively, are fed to amplifiers 35 and 40 respectively.
  • the output of amplifier 35 is fed to a threshold device 45 having a prede- terrnined threshold level V Tl .
  • the output of amplifier 40 is fed to a threshold device 50 having a predetermined threshold level V T2 .
  • the threshold devices 45 and 50 convert the respective analog outputs of amplifiers 35 and 40 to logical control signals.
  • the threshold device 45 When the output of amplifier 35 is below the threshold level V Tl , the threshold device 45 will not generate a control signal (its output is a logical 0); but when the output of amplifier 35 exceeds the threshold level V T1 , the threshold device 45 will generate a control signal (its output is a logical 1).
  • the threshold device 50 operates in a similar manner.
  • the outputs of the threshold devices 45 and 50 hereinafter called nodes q and r respectively, are fed to an AND gate 55.
  • the outputs of amplifiers 25 and 30 are fed to a comparator-threshold circuit 60.
  • the comparator-threshold circuit 60 generates a logical control signal only when the difference between the amplitudes of its two inputs exceeds a predetermined level.
  • the output of amplifier 25 is also fed to a risetime sensing circuit 65, and the output of amplifier 30 is also fed to another risetime sensing circuit 70.
  • Each risetime sensing circuit generates an analog output that is proportional to the rate of change of its input signal.
  • the output of risetime sensing circuit 65, hereinafter called node d, and the output of risetime sensing circuit 70, hereinafter called node e, and the output of the comparator-threshold circuit 60, hereinafter called node c comprise the three inputs to a variable delay circuit 75.
  • the variable delay circuit 75 generates a logical control signal for a predetermined fixed period of time after receiving control signals at all three of its input ports.
  • the outputs of the amplifiers 25 and 30 are also fed to a dual time-constant circuit 80 through ganged single-pole switches 85 and 86 respectively.
  • the states of the ganged switches 85 and 86 are controlled by a switch driver 90.
  • the switch driver 90 is controlled by the output of the comparator-threshold circuit 60. If the comparator-threshold circuit 60 generates a control signal, the switch driver 90 drives the ganged switches 85 and 86 to their closed states; if the control signal ceases to be generated, the switch driver drives the ganged switches.85 and 86 to their open states. Therefore, the dual time-constant circuit 80 receives the outputs of amplifiers 25 and 30 only if the comparator-threshold circuit 60 generates its logical control signal (i.e. - if node c is "high").
  • the dual time-constant circuit 80 When the ganged switches 85 and 86 are closed, the dual time-constant circuit 80 is charged up by the potentials at nodes a and b.
  • the outputs of the dual time-constant circuit 80 hereinafter called nodes g and h, are fed to a dual threshold circuit 95.
  • the dual threshold circuit 95 converts the analog signals at nodes g and h to logical signals, hereinafter called nodes k and m.
  • the two outputs of the dual threshold circuit 95 are fed to the input ports of an AND gate 98.
  • the decay of the time constant circuit can be used to model or simulate the decay of the optical signal for the case where no fire is produced.
  • the risetime variable delay works in a similar fashion. Few stimuli are capable of producing the fast-rising optical signals that occur when an anti-aircraft projectile penetrates the skin of an aircraft. This is especially true at the longer wavelengths. Consequently, a time constant circuit whose delay increases with risetime of the optical signal would provide a short delay (i.e. - in the range of about 1 to 30 milliseconds) for very fast-rising signals, and would thus release suppressant at about the right time. However, for very slow risetimes, (a few tenths of a second) such as may occur when maintenance personnel are moving about, very long delays (several seconds) could be generated.
  • the advantage of the risetime dependent delay would be an increased immunity to common false-alarm producing stimuli, whereas the amplitude dependent delay would be better able to simulate the decay of the projectile penetration and discriminate more effectively between the flash and a fire.
  • the operation of the sensor system of FIG. 1 is shown in the timing diagram of FIG. 2.
  • the scenario depicted in FIG. 2 occurs when a projectile or a piece of flak bursts through the wall of an area monitored by the sensor system 10 and causes a fire.
  • the projectile or piece of flak pierces the wall, it causes a flash of radiant energy.
  • the flash comprises a relatively quick-rising short-wavelength component that is detected by the photon detector 15, causing the waveform shown in FIG. 2 at node a.
  • the flash also comprises a relatively slow-rising long-wavelength component that is detected by the thermal detector 20, causing the waveform shown in FIG. 2 at node b.
  • the signal at node q rises to a logical 1, where it remains for as long as the waveform at node a remains above the threshold value V Tl .
  • the difference between their amplitudes will cause the comparator-threshold circuit 60 to generate its logical control signal at time t 2 .
  • the signal at node c will energize the switch driver 90 causing it to drive ganged switches 85 and 86 closed, thereby feeding the signals at nodes a and b to the dual time-constant circuit 80 causing the waveforms shown in FIG. 2 at nodes g and h.
  • the dual time-constant circuit 80 When the dual time-constant circuit 80 charges up, the waveforms at nodes g and h trigger the dual threshold circuit 95 at time t 2 , generating logical control signals at nodes k and m. Since both input signals to the AND gate 98 are logical l's, it generates a logical control signal at time t 2 .
  • the NOR gate 99 generates a logical control signal when all of its inputs are logical 0's.
  • the comparator-threshold circuit 60 When the comparator-threshold circuit 60 generates its control signal at time t 2 , the NOR gate's output is inhibited, thereby inhibiting the generation of a control signal at node s.
  • the risetime sensing circuit 70 As the relatively slow-rising long wavelength component of the flash increases, it causes the risetime sensing circuit 70 to generate an output. At time t 3 the outputs of both risetime sensing circuits are of sufficient magnitude to turn on the variable delay circuit 75 and cause it to generate a,control signal for a predetermined period of time (here t 3 to t 7 ).
  • the period of time that the variable delay circuit generates its control signal should be set such that the fast risetimes caused by the penetration of anti-aircraft fire produces shorter delays than that of the amplitude variable delay circuit. Thus, the amplitude variable delay circuit would dominate in the control of the release of the suppressant for combat battle damage.
  • variable delay circuit 75 For slower risetime signals, however, the variable delay circuit 75 would be set experimentally such that delays would be incorporated to inhibit against false activation by, for example, the movement of maintenance personnel.
  • the slow-rising long wavelength component of the flash rises above the threshold level VT2 at time t 5 causing a logical 1 waveform at node r.
  • the short wavelength component of the decaying flash falls off as the long wavelength component continues to rise, now due to the fire ignited by the projectile or piece of flak.
  • the difference between their amplitudes falls below the threshold level causing the comparator-threshold circuit to cease generating a control signal, as seen at node c at time t 6 .
  • the particular circuitry or types of circuits that inhibit the release of a suppressnat for a period of time sufficient to allow a flash to dissipate is not limited to those shown in the embodiment of FIG. 1.
  • Another three channel sensor system 100 is shown in FIG. 3.
  • the sensor system 100 has a photon detector 105 and a thermal detector 110, each capable of detecting radiant energy within. a certain spectral band and generating an output proportional to the amplitude of the detected radiation.
  • the photon detector detects radiation in the 0.7 to 1.2 microns bandwidth, and the thermal detector may operate in the 7 to 30 microns bandwidth.
  • the output of the photon detector is amplified by an amplifier 115 and the output of the thermal detector 110 is amplified by an amplifier 120.
  • the outputs of the amplifiers 115 and 120 are fed to the inputs of a comparator-threshold circuit 145.
  • the comparator-threshold circuit generates a control signal at node y whenever the difference between the amplitudes of its input signals exceeds a predetermined threshold value.
  • the outputs of the amplifiers 115 and 120 are also fed respectively to the amplifiers 125 and 130, which feed threshold circuits 135 and 140 respectively.
  • the threshold circuit 135 generates a control signal at node w if its input exceeds a predetermined threshold value V T3
  • the threshold circuit 140 generates a control signal at node x if its input exceeds a predetermined threshold value V T4 .
  • the outputs of the threshold circuits 135 and 140 comprise two of the inputs to an AND gate 155.
  • the delay function of the sensor system 100 is performed by a fixed delay circuit 150.
  • the fixed delay circuit 150 generates a logical control signal at node z in the absence of any input signal from the comparator-threshold circuit 145.
  • the comparator-threshold circuit 145 When the comparator-threshold circuit 145 generates a logical control signal, the fixed delay circuit 150 will cease generating its control signal for the duration of the input signal and for a fixed predetermined period of time (delay period) thereafter. Since the output of the fixed delay circuit 150 comprises the third input to the AND gate 155, an output control signal at node zz is inhibited for the delay period.
  • the operation of the sensor system 100 is shown by the timing diagram of FIG. 4 which uses the same scenario depicted in FIG. 2.
  • the short wavelength component of the flash rises above its threshold level V T3 at time t 11
  • the-output of the threshold circuit 135 will rise to a logical 1 as shown at node w in FIG. 4.
  • a logical 1 is generated and fed to the fixed delay circuit 150 (node y in FIG. 4).
  • the fixed delay circuit 150 ceases generating its logical control signal at time t 12 as shown at node z in FIG. 4, and its output remains a logical 0 until the comparator-threshold circuit 145 ceases generating its control signal at time t 13 and for a fixed predetermined period of time thereafter ( t 13 to t 15 ).
  • the long wavelength component of the developing fire causes the waveform at node v to exceed its threshold value VT4 and the threshold circuit 140 generates a logical 1.
  • the fixed delay circuit 150 again generates a logical 1. Since all inputs to the AND gate 155 are logical l's, the AND gate 155 generates an output control signal that may be used to release a suppressant material to extinguish the developing fire.

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  • Business, Economics & Management (AREA)
  • Emergency Management (AREA)
  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • General Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Fire-Detection Mechanisms (AREA)
  • Fire Alarms (AREA)
  • Photometry And Measurement Of Optical Pulse Characteristics (AREA)
  • Fire-Extinguishing By Fire Departments, And Fire-Extinguishing Equipment And Control Thereof (AREA)
EP82302245A 1981-06-02 1982-04-30 Detektorsystem für Feuer oder Explosion Expired EP0066952B1 (de)

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
US26920881A 1981-06-02 1981-06-02
US269208 1981-06-02

Publications (3)

Publication Number Publication Date
EP0066952A2 true EP0066952A2 (de) 1982-12-15
EP0066952A3 EP0066952A3 (en) 1983-06-01
EP0066952B1 EP0066952B1 (de) 1986-02-19

Family

ID=23026264

Family Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
EP82302245A Expired EP0066952B1 (de) 1981-06-02 1982-04-30 Detektorsystem für Feuer oder Explosion

Country Status (7)

Country Link
EP (1) EP0066952B1 (de)
JP (1) JPH0632137B2 (de)
KR (1) KR900008377B1 (de)
AU (1) AU546773B2 (de)
DE (1) DE3269134D1 (de)
IL (1) IL65576A (de)
IN (1) IN157944B (de)

Cited By (7)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
FR2525369A1 (fr) * 1982-04-18 1983-10-21 Spectronix Ltd Circuit de discrimination pour appareil de detection et de lutte contre l'incendie et les explosions
GB2142757A (en) * 1983-05-21 1985-01-23 Graviner Ltd Improvements in and relating to fire and explosion detection and suppression
EP0080092B1 (de) * 1981-11-20 1986-02-05 Santa Barbara Research Center Auf Strahlung ansprechendes Feuerlöschsystem
US4765244A (en) * 1983-04-15 1988-08-23 Spectronix Ltd. Apparatus for the detection and destruction of incoming objects
GB2218189A (en) * 1987-05-30 1989-11-08 Graviner Ltd Impact detection
WO2005052493A2 (en) * 2003-11-24 2005-06-09 Advanced Design Consulting Usa, Inc. Device for collecting statistical data for maintenance of small-arms
CN117849113A (zh) * 2023-01-10 2024-04-09 徐州柚创谷智能科技有限公司 一种基于煤矿信息化的井下易燃易爆气体监测装置

Families Citing this family (2)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US4679156A (en) * 1981-05-21 1987-07-07 Santa Barbara Research Center Microprocessor-controlled fire sensor
CN112720069B (zh) * 2020-12-22 2022-03-22 北京工业大学 刀具磨损监测方法、装置、电子设备及存储介质

Citations (3)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US4206454A (en) * 1978-05-08 1980-06-03 Chloride Incorporated Two channel optical flame detector
US4220857A (en) * 1978-11-01 1980-09-02 Systron-Donner Corporation Optical flame and explosion detection system and method
GB2067749A (en) * 1980-01-17 1981-07-30 Graviner Ltd Improvements in and Relating to Fire and Explosion Detection

Family Cites Families (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
JPS5834555Y2 (ja) * 1978-07-01 1983-08-03 ホーチキ株式会社 蓄積型火災感知器

Patent Citations (3)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US4206454A (en) * 1978-05-08 1980-06-03 Chloride Incorporated Two channel optical flame detector
US4220857A (en) * 1978-11-01 1980-09-02 Systron-Donner Corporation Optical flame and explosion detection system and method
GB2067749A (en) * 1980-01-17 1981-07-30 Graviner Ltd Improvements in and Relating to Fire and Explosion Detection

Cited By (8)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
EP0080092B1 (de) * 1981-11-20 1986-02-05 Santa Barbara Research Center Auf Strahlung ansprechendes Feuerlöschsystem
FR2525369A1 (fr) * 1982-04-18 1983-10-21 Spectronix Ltd Circuit de discrimination pour appareil de detection et de lutte contre l'incendie et les explosions
US4765244A (en) * 1983-04-15 1988-08-23 Spectronix Ltd. Apparatus for the detection and destruction of incoming objects
GB2142757A (en) * 1983-05-21 1985-01-23 Graviner Ltd Improvements in and relating to fire and explosion detection and suppression
GB2218189A (en) * 1987-05-30 1989-11-08 Graviner Ltd Impact detection
WO2005052493A2 (en) * 2003-11-24 2005-06-09 Advanced Design Consulting Usa, Inc. Device for collecting statistical data for maintenance of small-arms
WO2005052493A3 (en) * 2003-11-24 2009-04-09 Advanced Design Consulting Usa Device for collecting statistical data for maintenance of small-arms
CN117849113A (zh) * 2023-01-10 2024-04-09 徐州柚创谷智能科技有限公司 一种基于煤矿信息化的井下易燃易爆气体监测装置

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
AU546773B2 (en) 1985-09-19
JPH0632137B2 (ja) 1994-04-27
AU8438382A (en) 1982-12-09
JPS581288A (ja) 1983-01-06
DE3269134D1 (en) 1986-03-27
IN157944B (de) 1986-07-26
IL65576A (en) 1986-03-31
IL65576A0 (en) 1982-07-30
KR840000005A (ko) 1984-01-30
KR900008377B1 (ko) 1990-11-17
EP0066952B1 (de) 1986-02-19
EP0066952A3 (en) 1983-06-01

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