GB2103789A - Fire and explosion detection and suppression - Google Patents
Fire and explosion detection and suppression Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- GB2103789A GB2103789A GB08220840A GB8220840A GB2103789A GB 2103789 A GB2103789 A GB 2103789A GB 08220840 A GB08220840 A GB 08220840A GB 8220840 A GB8220840 A GB 8220840A GB 2103789 A GB2103789 A GB 2103789A
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- GB
- United Kingdom
- Prior art keywords
- radiation
- fire
- output
- detector
- explosion
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Granted
Links
- 238000004880 explosion Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 31
- 230000001629 suppression Effects 0.000 title claims abstract description 11
- 238000001514 detection method Methods 0.000 title claims description 25
- 230000005855 radiation Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 57
- 229930195733 hydrocarbon Natural products 0.000 claims abstract description 36
- 150000002430 hydrocarbons Chemical class 0.000 claims abstract description 36
- 239000004215 Carbon black (E152) Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 27
- 239000000446 fuel Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 26
- 238000010521 absorption reaction Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 16
- 239000002828 fuel tank Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 15
- 239000000126 substance Substances 0.000 claims description 25
- 230000004044 response Effects 0.000 claims description 2
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 claims 9
- 230000006335 response to radiation Effects 0.000 claims 4
- 230000000903 blocking effect Effects 0.000 claims 3
- 230000000630 rising effect Effects 0.000 claims 3
- 238000002485 combustion reaction Methods 0.000 claims 2
- 238000010586 diagram Methods 0.000 description 4
- 239000012634 fragment Substances 0.000 description 3
- 230000003595 spectral effect Effects 0.000 description 3
- 229910000831 Steel Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 238000010304 firing Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000010959 steel Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000009529 body temperature measurement Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000006243 chemical reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000002360 explosive Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000000977 initiatory effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000002452 interceptive effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000002184 metal Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000035515 penetration Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000013589 supplement Substances 0.000 description 1
Classifications
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G08—SIGNALLING
- G08B—SIGNALLING OR CALLING SYSTEMS; ORDER TELEGRAPHS; ALARM SYSTEMS
- G08B17/00—Fire alarms; Alarms responsive to explosion
- G08B17/12—Actuation by presence of radiation or particles, e.g. of infrared radiation or of ions
Landscapes
- Business, Economics & Management (AREA)
- Emergency Management (AREA)
- Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
- General Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
- Fire-Detection Mechanisms (AREA)
Abstract
To initiate fire or explosion protection action in, for example, an armoured vehicle when an exploding ammunition round causes or is about to cause fire or explosion of hydrocarbon fuel D from, for example, a ruptured fuel tank 8 (Fig. 1B) but not to cause suppression action when the only fire or explosion is that of the round itself (Fig. 1A), a radiation detector 10 measures the ratio of the intensity of the radiation at 3.4 and 4.4 microns. When (Fig. 1B) a round passes through the fuel tank 8 entraining initially unburning hydrocarbon fuel D with it, the detector 10 measures a relatively low ratio because the fuel vapour between the burning round and the detector 10 has a very intense absorption band at 3.4 microns. Fire suppression is thus initiated, so as to suppress the hydrocarbon fire which would very shortly follow. If the round (Fig. 1A) does not strike the fuel tank 8 and hydrocarbon fuel vapour is not present, the ratio measured by the detector 10 is higher and explosion suppression is not initiated. <IMAGE>
Description
SPECIFICATION.
Improvements in and relating to fire and explosion detection and suppression
The invention relates to fire and explosion detection systems and more specifically to systems which are able to discriminate between fires and explosions which need to be detected and fires, explosions and other radiation sources which do not.
Systems to be described by way of example below, and embodying the invention, may be used, for example, in situations where it is required to discriminate between the explosion of an ammunition round itself and a fire or explosion of combustible or explosive material which is set off by that round - so as to detect the fire or explosion set off by the round but not to detect the exploding round itself. In this way, the system can initiate action so as to suppress the fire or explosion set off by the round, but does not initiate such suppression action merely in response to the exploding round.
One particular application of the systems is for use in an armoured personnel carrier or battle tank which may be attacked by high energy anti-tank (H.E.A.T.) ammunition rounds. In such an application, the system is arranged to respond to hydrocarbon fires (that is, fires involving the fuel carried by the vehicle) set off by an exploding
H.E.A.T round or set off by hot metal fragments produced from or by the round (or set off by other causes), but not to detect either the exploding
H.E.A.T. round itself (even when it has passed through the vehicle's armour into the vehicle itself), or the secondary non-hydrocarbon fire which may be produced by a pyrophoric reaction of the H.E.A.T. round with the vehicle's armour.
According to the invention, there is provided a fire and explosion detection system capable of detecting the presence of a flammable substance before it commences to burn, comprising detection means arranged to detect absorption of radiation in an absorption wavelength band characteristic of the said substance and to produce an output accordingly.
According to the invention, there is further provided a system for protecting a target carrying hydrocarbon fuel against hydrocarbon fires caused by attack by an exploding ammunition round but not against the exploding ammunition round itself, comprising radiation detection means mounted on the target so as to be capable of viewing an exploding ammunition round after it has struck the target, the detection means including a radiation detector arranged to be responsive to radiation in a narrow wavelength band centred at an intense absorption band characteristic of hydrocarbons so as to be capable of distinguishing between the relatively low radiation intensity in that band when the radiation from the exploding ammunition round is sensed through hydrocarbon vapour before the latter commences to burn and the
relatively higher intensity in that band when the
radiation from the exploding ammunition round is sensed in the absence of such a vapour, output means responsive to the signal from the radiation detector and capable of producing a warning output in the former condition but not the latter, and means responsive to the warning output to discharge a hydrocarbon fire suppressant or extinguishant.
Fire and explosion detection systems embodying the invention will now be described, by way of example only, with reference to the accompanying diagrammatic drawings in which:
Figure 1 A is a diagrammatic drawing of an armoured personnel carrier or battle tank struck by an H.E.A.T. round which pierces the vehicle's armour but not its fuel tank;
Figure 1 B is a view corresponding to Figure 1 A
but showing the H.E.A.T. round having struck the vehicle's fuel tank;
Figure 2 shows spectral characteristics
applicable to the conditions illustrated in Figures
1A and 1 B;
Figure 3 shows the spectral characteristics of
burning hydrocarbon;
Figure 4 is a circuit diagram of one form of the system;
Figure 5 is a circuit diagram of a modified form of the system of Figure 4; and
Figure 6 is a circuit diagram of another form of the system.
Figure 1A shows an armoured personnel carrier or battle tank 5, illustrated purely diagrammatically as a rectangular box having armoured walls 6 and a fuel tank 8. Mounted inside the vehicle is a detector 10 forming part of the fire and explosion detection system to be described; its associated circuitry is not specifically shown in Figures 1A and 1 B.
Figure 1 A diagrammatically illustrates the armour 6 as being struck and pierced by an
H.E.A.T. round at point A. As shown, the round does not strike the fuel tank 8 but passes through the armour into the interior of the vehicle. The round itself explodes and burns and therefore the burning round itself passes across the vehicle as shown diagrammatically as B, carrying with it burning fragments of the round and burning fragments of the armour as shown at C.
Figure 1 B shows the corresponding situation when the exploding H.E.A.T. round strikes the armour 6 at A in the neighbourhood of the fuel tank 8 and passes through the fuel tank - and into the interior of the vehicle. In this case, therefore, the round, in passing through the wall of the fuel tank 8 inside the vehicle, will entrain some of the fuel from the fuel tank and carry the fuel with it across the vehicle as shown at D. Initially (for 10 milliseconds, say) the entrained fuel D will not start burning - but of course the round itself will be burning as it traverses the vehicle as shown at B. After approximately 10 to 20 milliseconds, for example, the entrained fuel will start to burn and the fire will of course rapidity spread to the fuel remaining in and existing from the ruptured fuel tank 8.
The system to be more specifically described is arranged to differentiate between the conditions shown in Figure 1 A and Figure 1 B. More specifically, the system is designed so that, even though a fire or explosion is present in the Figure
1 A situation (the burning and exploding round shown at B), the detector 10 does not set off the discharge of extinguishant from extinguishers 12.
In contrast, the system is arranged to respond to the Figure 1 B situation by causing the extinguishers 1 2 to discharge extinguishant so as to prevent, or to bring to a halt, the burning and
explosion of the hydrocarbon fuel.
Figure 2 illustrates diagrammatically the spectral characteristics applicable to the Figure 1 A and Figure 1 B situations. The vertical axis in Figure 2 represents intensity (in arbitrary units) and the
horizontal axis represents wavelengths in microns.
The graph labelled 2A illustrates the Figure 1 A
situation, that is, it illustrates the intensity of the
radiation emitted at various wavelengths by the
burning and exploding round shown at B in Figure
1 A. In this example, it is assumed that the armour
6 does not itself burn; it may, for example, be steel armour.
The graph shown at 2B in Figure 2 illustrates the Figure 1 B situation where the burning and exploding round carries with it the entrained hydrocarbon fuel (at D, Fig. 1 B); graph 2B illustrates the situation before this fuel begins to burn, that is, it illustrates the radiation produced by the burning and exploding round as viewed through the entrained fuel. As is apparent, there is a very pronounced attenuation of the radiation intensity at approximately 3.4 microns. This is caused by the intense absorption band between 3.3 and 3.5 microns of the hydrocarbons in the fuel.
In the system to be described in more detail below, the Figure 1A situation and the Figure 1 B situation are differentiated by using the difference in shape of the graphs 2A and 2B.
Figure 3 shows the radiation produced when the hydrocarbon fuel starts to burn. The axes in
Figure 3 correspond generally to those in Figure 2 and show a pronounced peak at approximately 4.4
microns, due to the emission band at that wavelength of burning hydrocarbons. As explained
above in connection with Fig. 1 B, the condition shown in Figure 3 does not arise immediately. As
already indicated, the system being described is
intended to discharge the extinguishant from the extinguishers 12 in the Figure 1 B situation before the fuel starts to burn; ideally, therefore, the fuel will not itself start to burn and the condition shown in Fig. 3 will not arise, though in practice it may do before full suppression action takes place.
Additionally, the round may penetrate the fuel tank 8 and pass through its ullage space so entraining only a small amount of the fuel, insufficient perhaps to have a significant absorption effect on the radiation sensed by detector 10 -- and yet a fuel fire may be set off by the round in these circumstances. Furthermore, hydrocarbon fire may start within the vehicle for reasons other than its penetration by an H.E.A.T.
round. The system being described is capable of sensing such fires and initiating their suppression, that is, it is capable of sensing a hydrocarbon fire whether or not it is preceded by a Figure 1 B situation (or, in fact, whether or not it is preceded by a Figure 1 A situation -- though, as explained, the Figure 1A situation would not normally precede a hydrocarbon fire).
Figure 4 illustrates a simplified circuit diagram which one form of the system can have. As shown, the detector head 10 incorporates two radiation detectors, 1 OA and 1 OB. Each may be a thermopile, photoelectric or pyroelectric form of detector. Detector 1 OA is arranged to be sensitive to radiation in a narrow band centered at 3.4 microns (for example, by arranging for it to receive incoming radiation through a suitable filter).
Detector 1 OB is likewise arranged to respond to radiation in a narrow band centred at 4.4 microns.
The output of each detector is amplified by a respective amplifier 20A, 20B and the amplified outputs are fed to respective inputs of a ratio unit 22 whose output feeds one input of an AND gate 24. In addition, the output of each amplifier 20A, 20B is fed into one input of a respective threshold comparator 26A, 26B, the second input of each such comparator receiving a respective reference on a iine 28A, 28B. The outputs of the threshold comparators are fed into respective inputs of the
AND gate 24.
The output of the AND gate 24 controls the fire extinguishers shown diagrammatically at 12 in Figs. 1 A and 1 B.
In operation, the threshold comparators 26A and 26B detect when the outputs of the detectors
1 OA and 1 OB exceed relatively low thresholds and under such conditions each switches its output from binary "0" to binary "1". The ratio unit 22 measures the ratio between the outputs of the two detectors, that is, it measures the ratio of the intensity of the radiation at 3.4 microns to the intensity of the radiation at 4.4 microns. When this ratio is above a predetermined threshold value, the ratio unit 22 produces a binary "0" output. This corresponds to the situation in which the radiation intensity at 3.4 microns is relatively high compared with that at 4.4 microns and is thus indicative of the Figure 1 A situation as illustrated by the graph 2A in Figure 2. Under these conditions, therefore, the AND gate 24 is prevented from producing an output and the extinguishers 12 are prevented from firing.
However, if the ratio unit 22 detects that the ratio is less than the predetermined threshold, its output is switched to binary "1". This condition therefore corresponds to a lower intensity of radiation at 3.4 microns and thus corresponds to the Figure 1 B situation illustrated by graph 2A in
Fig. 2. Under these conditions, therefore, all the inputs of the AND gate 24 are at binary "1" and the gate produces an output which sets off the extinguishers 1 2. Therefore, the extinguishers have been set off before any actual hydrocarbon fire has started and thus either prevent its starting altogether or suppress it immediately it does start.
If a hydrocarbon fire should start for any other reason (that is, if the situation shown in Figure 3 should arise), then the ratio unit 22 will produce a binary "1" output because the intensity of radiation at 4.4 microns is high compared with that at 3.4 microns, and assuming that the intensity of radiation picked up by the two detectors is greater than the values corresponding to the thresholds applied by the threshold comparators 26A and 26B, the AND gate 24 will again have all its inputs held at binary "1" and will set off the extiniguishers.
Figure 5 shows a modified form of the system of Figure 4, and items in Figure 5 corresponding to those in Figure 4 are correspondingly referenced.
As shown, the circuit of Figure 5 differs from that of Figure 4 in that the threshold comparator 26B of Figure 4, responsive to the output of the detector 1 OA, is omitted. Only the output of the 4.4 micron detector, OB, is fed to a threshold comparator, threshold comparator 26A. In addition, the output of detector 1 OB is fed to a rate of rise unit 30 which compares the rate of rise of the output from detector 1 OB with a predetermined rate of rise threshold applied on a line 31. The unit 30 produces a binary "1" output of the rate of rise from the output of the detector 1 OB exceeds the predetermined threshold, and this output is fed to the AND gate 24.
As before, the ratio unit 22 produces a binary "0" output when the ratio of the intensity of the radiation measured by the detector 1 OA (as represented by the output of the detector) to the intensity of the radiation measured by the detector 1 OB (as represented by the output of this detector) exceeds a predetermined threshold. This corresponds to the Figure 1 A situation, and the "0" output prevents the AND gate 24 from firing off the extinguishers.
When the ratio falls below the predetermined threshold, the output of the ratio unit 22 changes to binary "1 ", and the AND gate 24 sets off the extinguishers - assuming that the thresholds applied by the threshold comparators 22 and 30 are exceeded.
Figure 6 shows another form of the system in which colour temperature measurement is used to supplement the discrimination between the Figure 1 A and the Figure 1 B situation. Items in Figure 6 corresponding to those in Figure 5 are similarly referenced.
As shown in Figure 6, an additional radiation detector, detector 1 OC, is incorporated in the radiation detector head 10 (see Fig. 1). Detector 1 OC is arranged to be sensitive to radiation in a narrow band centred at 0.5 microns (though this narrow band may be positioned at any convenient point in the range 0.5 to 0.9 microns, or at any other wavelength corresponding to the grey body continuum of the source). The output of detector 10C is amplified by an amplifier 20C and passed to one input of a ratio unit 32 whose second input is fed from the output of amplifier 20A (responding to the detector 1 OB).
The wavelengths (3.4 and 0.5 microns) to
which the detectors 1 OA and 1 OC are sensitive
are such that the ratio of the detector outputs is a
measure of the apparent colour temperature of the
event being monitored. The ratio unit 32 is set so
as to produce a binary "0" output when the ratio
measured represents an apparent colour
temperature above a relatively high level (2,500 K,
for example). When the apparent colour
temperature is below this limit, the unit 32
produces a binary "1" output.
Therefore, the AND gate 24 will only receive four binary "1" inputs when (a) the radiation
received by the 4.4 micron detector 1 OB is such
that the detector output exceeds the threshold
established by the threshold compatator 26A and
its rate of rise exceeds the threshold established
by the comparator 30, (b) the ratio unit 22 determines that the ratio of the output of detector
1 OA (3.4 microns) to the output of detector 1 OA is less than the predetermined threshold (corresponding to the Figure 1 B situation), and (c) the ratio unit 32 determines that the colour temperature is less than 2,500 K.If all these conditions are satisfied, the AND gate 24 produces a binary "1" output to set off the extinguishers 12 (Fig. 1). In all other conditions, the AND gate 24 will receive less than four binary "1's" and the extinguishers will not be set off.
The ratio unit 32 thus prevents the extinguishers being set off by a very high apparent colour temperature event such as the exploding
H.E.A.T. round itself or any other interfering source of high colour temperature (even if the ratio unit 22 would otherwise permit the setting off of the extinguishers).
In all the systems, the second detector lOB, responsive to a band of radiation at 4.4 microns, allows them to operate in the presence of burning hydrocarbons, whether or not an exploding ammunition round is also present. it will be appreciated, however, that a system operating only in the presence of an ammunition round could be formed by using a second detector which is responsive more generally to the intensity of radiation in a band not associated with the absorption hydrocarbons (at 3.0 microns for example).
Although the examples described above have referred to non-burning (steel) armour, the systems also operate when the armour is of a type which does burn when struck by an H.E.A.T.
round.
The Figures are merely exemplary of the forms which the systems may take.
Claims (34)
1. A fire and explosion detection system capable of detecting the presence of a flammable substance before it commences to burn, comprising detection means arranged to detect absorption of radiation in an absorption wavelength band characteristic of the said substance and to produce an output accordingly.
2. A system according to claim 1, in which the detection means comprises means operative to view a source of radiation through a region in which the flammable substance is expected to be present.
3. A system according to claim 2, in which the source of radiation is a fire or explosion of a different substance.
4. A system according to claim 3, including fire and explosion suppression means responsive to the output of the detection means so as to initiate fire or explosion suppression.
5. A system according to claim 3 or 4, in which the said different substance is a burning ammunition round.
6. A system according to claim 5, in which the flammable substance is entrained unburning hydrocarbon fuel adjacent to the ammunition round.
7. A system according to claim 2, in which the detection means comprises a radiation detector arranged to produce an electrical signal in response to radiation received in a narrow wavelength band in which the said flammable substance absorbs radiation from the said source, and output means operative to sense the signal from the radiation detector to determine whether or not it is reduced by the presence of the flammable substance.
8. A system according to claim 7, in which the detection means includes a second radiation detector arranged to produce an electrical signal in response to radiation in a narrow wavelength band not associated with absorption by the flammable substance, and in which the said output means comprises means for comparing the signals of the two detectors whereby to produce the said output indicating the presence of a flammable substance when the comparison indicates that the signal from the first-mentioned detector is relatively low compared with the signal from the second detector.
9. A system according to claim 8, in which the narrow wavelenght band to which the second detector is responsive is a narrow wavelength
band characteristic of a combustion product of the flammable substance.
10. A system according to claim 8 or 9,
including means responsive to the signal produced
by at least one of the detectors to block the said
output if the signal level is less than a
predetermined threshold.
11. A system according to claim 8, 9 or 10,
including means responsive to the signal produced
by at least one of the two detectors to block the
said output unless the signal level is rising at at
least a predetermined rate.
12. A system for protecting a target carrying
hydrocarbon fuel against hydrocarbon fires caused
by attack by an exploding ammunition round but not against the exploding ammunition round itself,
comprising radiation detection means mounted on the target so as to be capable of viewing an exploding ammunition round after it has struck the target, the detection means including a radiation detector arranged to be responsive to radiation in a narrow wavelength band centred at an intense absorption band characteristic of hydrocarbons so as to be capable of distinguishing between the relatively low radiation intensity in that band when the radiation from the exploding ammunition round is sensed through hydrocarbon vapour before the latter commences to burn and the relatively higher intensity in that band when the radiation from the exploding ammunition round is sensed in the absence of such a vapour, output means responsive to the signal from the radiation detector and capable of producing warning output in the former condition but not the latter, and means responsive to the warning output to discharge a hydrocarbon fire suppressant or extinguishant.
13. A system according to claim 12, in which the detection means includes a second radiation detector responsive to the intensity of radiation in a band not associated with absorption of hydrocarbons and the output means comprises means operative to measure the ratio between the signals produced by the two radiation detectors whereby to produce a said warning output.
14. A system according to claim 13, in which the second detector is responsive to the intensity of radiation in a narrow wavelength band characteristic of burning hydrocarbons so that said warning output is produced in the presence of burning hydrocarbons whether or not an exploding ammunition round is also present.
1 5. A system according to claim 13 or 14, including means responsive to the signal produced by at least one of the detectors to block the said output if the signal level is less than a predetermined threshold.
16. A system according to claim 13, 14, or 15 including means responsive to the signal produced by at least one of the two detectors to block the said output unless the signal level is rising at at least a predetermined rate.
1 7. A system according to any one of claims 12 to 16, in which the target comprises an armoured vehicle, the first condition is the condition when an exploding ammunition round strikes and penetrates the armour of the vehicle in the region of its fuel tank and explodes and passes into the interior entraining with it initially unburning hydrocarbon fuel, and the second condition is the condition when the round penetrates the armour at a position spaced from its fuel tank and explodes, then passing into the interior of the vehicle but without carrying hydrocarbon fuel with it.
18. A system according to any one of claims 7 to 17, including a further detector responsive to radiation in a narrow wavelength band spaced from that of the first-mentioned detector such that
a comparison of the signals from these detectors
is a measure of apparent colour temperature, and
means for comparing the signals from these detectors to produce an inhibit signal for blocking the said output when the apparent colour temperature exceeds a predetermined value.
1 9. A fire and explosion detection method for detecting the presence of a flammable substance before it commences to burn, comprising the steps of viewing a source of radiation through a region in which the flammable substance is expected to be present, and detecting absorption of radiation in an absorption wavelength band characteristic of the said substance if it is present in the said region and producing an output accordingly.
20. A method according to claim 19, in which the source of radiation is a fire or explosion of a different substance.
21. A method according to claim 20, including the step of initating fire or explosion suppression in response to the said output.
22. A method according to claim 20 or 21, in which the said different substance is a burning ammunition round.
23. A method according to claim 22, in which the flammable substance is entrained unburning hydrocarbon fuel adjacent to the ammunition round.
24. A method according to claim 21, in which the detecting step comprises producing an electrical signal in response to radiation received
in a narrow wavelength band in which the said flammable substance absorbs radiation from the said source, and sensing the signal to determine
whether or not it is reduced by the presence of the
flammable substance.
25. A method according to claim 24, in which
the detecting step includes producing a second
electrical signal in response to radiation in a
narrow wavelength band not associated with
absorption by the flammable substance, and
comparing the two electrical signals to produce
the said output indicating the presence of a flammable substance when the comparison indicates that the first-mentioned electrical signal is relatively low compared with the second electrical signal.
26. A method according to claim 25, in which the narrow wavelength band not associated with absorption by the flammable substance is a narrow wavelength band characteristic of a combustion product of the flammable substance.
27. A method according to claim 25 or 26, including the step of blocking the said output if the level of at least one of the electrical signals is less than a predetermined threshold.
28. A method according to claim 25, 26 or 27, including the step of blocking the said output unless the level of at least one of the electrical signals is rising at at least a predetermined rate.
29. A fire and explosion detection system substantially as described with reference to Figs. 1 to 4 of the accompanying drawings.
30. A fire and explosion detection system substantially as described with reference to Figs.
1, 2, 3 and 5 of the accompanying drawings.
31. A fire and explosion detection system substantially as described with reference to Figs.
1, 2, 3 and 6 of the accompanying drawings.
32. A fire and explosion detection method substantially as described with reference to Figs. 1 to 4 of the accompanying drawings.
33. A fire and explosion detection method substantially as described with reference to Figs.
1, 2, 3 and 5 of the accompanying drawings.
34. A fire and explosion detection method substantially as described with reference to Figs.
1 , 2, 3 and 6 of the accompanying drawings.
Priority Applications (1)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
GB08220840A GB2103789B (en) | 1981-08-20 | 1982-07-19 | Fire and explosion detection and suppression |
Applications Claiming Priority (2)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
GB8125485 | 1981-08-20 | ||
GB08220840A GB2103789B (en) | 1981-08-20 | 1982-07-19 | Fire and explosion detection and suppression |
Publications (2)
Publication Number | Publication Date |
---|---|
GB2103789A true GB2103789A (en) | 1983-02-23 |
GB2103789B GB2103789B (en) | 1985-08-07 |
Family
ID=26280533
Family Applications (1)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
---|---|---|---|
GB08220840A Expired GB2103789B (en) | 1981-08-20 | 1982-07-19 | Fire and explosion detection and suppression |
Country Status (1)
Country | Link |
---|---|
GB (1) | GB2103789B (en) |
Cited By (4)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
GB2176889A (en) * | 1985-06-19 | 1987-01-07 | Graviner Ltd | Detecting the presence of gas |
US4765244A (en) * | 1983-04-15 | 1988-08-23 | Spectronix Ltd. | Apparatus for the detection and destruction of incoming objects |
WO1989004528A1 (en) * | 1987-11-02 | 1989-05-18 | Santa Barbara Research Center | Real time adaptive round discrimination fire sensor |
US5612676A (en) * | 1991-08-14 | 1997-03-18 | Meggitt Avionics, Inc. | Dual channel multi-spectrum infrared optical fire and explosion detection system |
-
1982
- 1982-07-19 GB GB08220840A patent/GB2103789B/en not_active Expired
Cited By (5)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
US4765244A (en) * | 1983-04-15 | 1988-08-23 | Spectronix Ltd. | Apparatus for the detection and destruction of incoming objects |
GB2176889A (en) * | 1985-06-19 | 1987-01-07 | Graviner Ltd | Detecting the presence of gas |
WO1989004528A1 (en) * | 1987-11-02 | 1989-05-18 | Santa Barbara Research Center | Real time adaptive round discrimination fire sensor |
AU609936B2 (en) * | 1987-11-02 | 1991-05-09 | Kidde Technologies, Inc. | Real time adaptive round discrimination fire sensor |
US5612676A (en) * | 1991-08-14 | 1997-03-18 | Meggitt Avionics, Inc. | Dual channel multi-spectrum infrared optical fire and explosion detection system |
Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
---|---|
GB2103789B (en) | 1985-08-07 |
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Legal Events
Date | Code | Title | Description |
---|---|---|---|
711A | Proceeding under section 117(1) patents act 1977 | ||
PCNP | Patent ceased through non-payment of renewal fee |
Effective date: 19920719 |