Classifications

• • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
  • F24—HEATING; RANGES; VENTILATING
  • F24S—SOLAR HEAT COLLECTORS; SOLAR HEAT SYSTEMS
  • F24S20/00—Solar heat collectors specially adapted for particular uses or environments
  • F24S20/60—Solar heat collectors integrated in fixed constructions, e.g. in buildings
  • F24S20/67—Solar heat collectors integrated in fixed constructions, e.g. in buildings in the form of roof constructions
• • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
  • F24—HEATING; RANGES; VENTILATING
  • F24S—SOLAR HEAT COLLECTORS; SOLAR HEAT SYSTEMS
  • F24S10/00—Solar heat collectors using working fluids
  • F24S10/50—Solar heat collectors using working fluids the working fluids being conveyed between plates
  • F24S10/501—Solar heat collectors using working fluids the working fluids being conveyed between plates having conduits of plastic material
• • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
  • F24—HEATING; RANGES; VENTILATING
  • F24S—SOLAR HEAT COLLECTORS; SOLAR HEAT SYSTEMS
  • F24S10/00—Solar heat collectors using working fluids
  • F24S10/90—Solar heat collectors using working fluids using internal thermosiphonic circulation
  • F24S10/95—Solar heat collectors using working fluids using internal thermosiphonic circulation having evaporator sections and condenser sections, e.g. heat pipes
• • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
  • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
  • Y02A—TECHNOLOGIES FOR ADAPTATION TO CLIMATE CHANGE
  • Y02A30/00—Adapting or protecting infrastructure or their operation
  • Y02A30/60—Planning or developing urban green infrastructure
• • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
  • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
  • Y02B—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO BUILDINGS, e.g. HOUSING, HOUSE APPLIANCES OR RELATED END-USER APPLICATIONS
  • Y02B10/00—Integration of renewable energy sources in buildings
  • Y02B10/20—Solar thermal
• • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
  • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
  • Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
  • Y02E10/00—Energy generation through renewable energy sources
  • Y02E10/40—Solar thermal energy, e.g. solar towers
  • Y02E10/44—Heat exchange systems

Definitions

• the invention relates to a solar collector. It also relates to the application of this solar collector as a roof covering.
• Solar collectors which consist of tubes in which water circulates and which are exposed to solar radiation.
• the tubes are sometimes assembled together so as to constitute a panel intended to be, for example, placed on a roof slope.
• the tubes can be metallic and joined to each other. They can also be formed by metal plates with gutters facing each other and connected to each other by flat parts, the flat parts of one plate being in contact with the flat parts of the other plate.
• the tubes are made of plastic, connected by tabs, the assembly forming a rigid panel.
• a roof comprises various components intended to satisfy the multiple conditions which it must first meet as a structural member of a building, also with regard to water tightness and thermal insulation, etc.
• roofing has been used to an increasing extent to contribute to the collection of thermal energy from solar radiation.
• a solar collector comprising a conduit in which water circulates and arranged to receive the rays of the sun.
• the entire roof thus has a somewhat heterogeneous character, which makes construction relatively complicated.
• a thermal insulating layer is placed on the slab and then a layer of sealing, for example of bituminous nature.
• the solar collector according to the invention represents an extremely simple solution to the various problems posed by the manufacture and use of solar collectors and is in particular devoid of the drawbacks mentioned above. It is characterized in that the fluid circulation conduit, usually water, is formed by a flexible envelope enclosing an inner lining of fibers.
• the fibers are those constituting a flat nonwoven.
• Nonwovens find many uses in industry. Construction, public works.
• the invention provides a process which, starting from a flat nonwoven, consisting of fibers assembled by a simple needle, involves coating a nonwoven web with an impermeable layer, and conforming it to produce a flat waterproof duct which can be used for water circulation.
• the water circulation interval remains under the various conditions of use.
• the deformation capacity of the sheet allows it to resist the forces developed by the effect of the gel.
• the presence of the fibers of the nonwoven inside the duct makes it possible to control the speed of circulation of the water.
• the invention provides for the use of a very long continuous web which is cut along strips of desired length, the juxtaposition of which is capable of responding to the various widths of the supports to be fitted.
• the supply and the exit of the liquid to be heated can take place by tubes bordering two parallel sides of the flat duct and open or having orifices towards the interior of said duct.
• the invention provides for the continuity of the sealing on the sides of a duct by conformation of the impermeable surface layer and absence or reduction of thickness of the nonwoven in the areas assigned to the connections.
• the subject of the invention is also a covering for a support such as a roof, characterized in that, comprising a hollow flexible panel, of the impermeable wall facing outwards, on which fibers, advantageously non-woven, depend, inside the panel.
• woven, the other wall of the pannea, parallel to the first and constituted by a film or layer, has, opposite the interior of the enclosure, a non-woven lining through which the covering is stickable by a film or layer covering the support.
• FIG. 1 is a plan view of a flat solar collector duct according to the invention.
• FIG. 2 is a sectional view along line II-II of Figure 1;
• - Figure 3 is a view on a smaller scale, in section along the line III-III of Figure 1;
• Figure 4 shows in section a nonwoven ply from which the flat duct is made; diary obtained from the web of Figure 4;
• - Figure 6 is. a perspective view of the product in a later phase
• - Figure 7 is a perspective view of a flat duct according to the invention for another embodiment
• FIG. 8 is a sectional view of said flat duct
• Figure 9 is similar to Figure 8, but for a variant
• FIG. 10 is a view of several flat conduits laid on a roof slope.
• - Figure 11 is a schematic sectional view of a nonwoven
• - Figure 12 is a view of the nonwoven after a calendering operation
• FIG. 13 shows the nonwoven on which has been applied an emulsion transformed into film
• - Figure 14 shows a phase this conformation
• - Figure 15 is a schematic cross-sectional view of a strip intended to cooperate with the strip whose section has been shown in Figure 14;
• FIG. 17 shows a solar collector unit used as a waterproofing coating for a terrace 7
• a rectangular sheet element 11 of nonwoven (FIGS. 1 to 3) constituted by fibers 12 whose cohesion is obtained by simple needling.
• This element is coated on its upper face with a thin and flexible waterproof layer 13 and, after turning over, on its other face also with a waterproof, thin and flexible layer 14.
• the element 11 are joined, on its edges 15 and 16, tubes 17 and 18 whose parts turned towards the center that the element have perforations 19 and 21.
• the assembly is obtained by extending the layers 13 and 14 around these external parts 22 and 23 of the tubes, as shown in 24 and 25, for layer 13, and 26 and 27 for layer 14.
• On the edges 28 and 29 per a cover as shown in 31, 32 and 33, 34 ( Figure 3).
• the fibers keep a constant thickness at the flat duct and increase the surface of transmission to the liquid of the heat captured by the waterproof layer exposed to the sun. They ensure, by their texture, the behavior of the flat duct in particular with regard to the expansions due to temperature increases or to frost.
• a non-woven ply 41 (FIG. 4), which can be very long, as coming from a roll or reel so as to be able to form the.
• This ply 41 is hot calendered until almost completely crushed limitatively on its two longitudinal edges 42 and 43 so as to constitute, on either side of its central part 44, two margins 45 and 46 ( Figure 5) d '' a thickness much less than that of the central part.
• the lower face 47 of the sheet thus prepared is coated with a flexible and impermeable layer 50 both on its central part 48 and on its marginal parts 49 and 51. Or else the calendering takes place after coating of the sheet with an impermeable layer. Then the marginal parts are bent along half-cylinders 54 and 55 ( Figure 6).
• the upper part 56 of the ply 41 is then re covered with a flexible and impermeable layer 57, which is connected, with hemming, by its lateral edges 58 and 59, to the edges 61 and 62 of the curved parts of the layer 50.
• the flat flexible sleeve thus obtained is completed along a conduit by stapling the transverse margins 72 and 73 (FIGS. 7 and S) that the upper layer 57, protruding with respect to the nonwoven 41, lower che 50, the staples having been shown diagrammatically at 76.
• Two bands 77 and 78 are glued or formed astride the seals formed by the upper marginal and lower marginal bands 72, 73 and 74, 75 and contribute to sealing.
• the lower layer 50 is extended transversely by flaps, respectively 79, 80 whose edges 91 and 92 are applied against the upper layer 57 with the interposition of a seal, respectively 93, 94.
• a flat duct 71 is thus obtained, the sealed envelope of which is constituted by the upper layer 57, the lower layer 50, the semi-cylindrical parts 54 and 55 of the latter and the transverse strips or flaps, 72-75 filled with fibers of the non-woven over most of its internal volume with the exception of the marginal parts 64 and 65 adjacent to the half-cylinders 54 and 55, which are empty spaces.
• the latter are used for the inlet and outlet of fluid, for example by the diagonally opposite ends 66 and 67 of the empty spaces 64 and 65.
• Such conduits can be used directly as solar collectors by circulating a liquid like water in the flat gap filled with fibers which connects them the longitudinal gutters without fibers 64 and 65.
• the water is in contact with the layer exposed to the sun, for example layer 57.
• the fibers filling this gap and which depend directly on said layer contribute to the heating of the water without appreciably restricting the passage section.
• the fibers also contribute to the good mechanical strength of the duct.
• the fibers also slow down the flow of water: the slow circulation is favorable to the rise in its temperature by the effect of solar radiation.
• FIG 10 there is shown such flexible ducts or panels 81 1 , 81 2 , 81 3 placed adjacent to the slope 82 of a roof.
• Water comes in through a tubing upper 83, is present in the upper channel 84 1 of the flexible panel 81 1 , flows by gravity inside said panel as shown by the arrows f 1 in a slow-moving flow due to the presence of the fibers of the nonwoven inside said flexible panel, reaches the lower channel 85 1 of said panel and circulates in the channel according to the arrow f ' 1 , is conveyed by the tubing 86 1,2 in U shape in the upper channel 84 2 of the adjacent flexible panel 81 2 .
• the water circulates in the same way as in panel 84 1 following the arrows f 2 , until it reaches the lower channel 85 2 of said panel from where it is brought into the upper conduit 84 3 of the panel 81 3 by the U-shaped tubing 86 2.3 which can be opposite the U-shaped tubing 1.2 1.2 etc.
• the circulating water is gradually heated not only by direct contact with the impermeable layer directly struck by the sun's rays but also by its flow along the fibers of the nonwoven lining the interior of the duct and which "are in direct contact with the internal face of said layer.
• the heated water is collected at the bottom of a row of flat and flexible panels or conduits.
• an impermeable strip 87 is applied, for example by gluing, on the adjacent parts of two adjacent flexible panels, ensuring the seal of the joint between said panels.
• the panels then serve not only as a solar collector but also as a means for sealing the roof slope 82 with respect to rainwater.
• the nonwoven web is preferably made of polyethylene or polyester fibers.
• the volume of the duct occupied by the fibers can be of the order of 1/100, thus leaving a section for passage through the liquid practically as large as that of '' a duct without interior lining.
• the impermeable layers may be an opaque sheet of extruded polyvinyl chloride or butyl bonded to the fibers, or alternatively a translucent sheet.
• a sheet can have its two faces made waterproof by the same process: bonding of a sheet or spreading of an aqueous emulsion and hardening; or one side of the fiber web can be treated by one process and the other side by the other process.
• a solar collector can be obtained by unrolling to length on request on a roof, whether the latter has a low slope or a steep slope, the sheet prepared according to the invention.
• the sensor can also be applied to a vertical wall.
• FIGS. 11 to 18 For the manufacture of a roof covering according to the invention, one starts from a sheet or sheet 100 in nonwoven, advantageously very long, as coming from a roll (FIG. 11), and, in a first phase, the two edges of the sheet are calendered so as to form two thin margins 101 and 102 of calendered nonwoven bordering a body 103 of non-calendered nonwoven (FIG. 12).
• aqueous emulsion of high acrylic polymers is spread or projected, advantageously an emulsion manufactured by MATHYS SA whose head office is in ZELEM (Belgium), and sold under the brand name DAKFILL Upon solidification, a flexible and waterproof film 104 is formed leaving no - impregnated part of the thickness of the nonwoven. Alternatively, the film is made of an extruded resin.
• the margins 105 and 106 are then curved downwards, substantially along two half-cylinders, respectively 112 and 113, the free edges 109 and 111 of which are substantially at the level of the lower face 110 of the body 103 of nonwoven, thus obtaining a sort of cushion 117.
• a sheet 129 comprising a body 114 in flat textile nonwoven, adhering on one side to a film 115 advantageously made of high acrylic polymers, in particular DAKFILL.
• a film 115 advantageously made of high acrylic polymers, in particular DAKFILL.
• an aqueous emulsion of DAKFILL as shown diagrammatically in 116, and it is when this emulsion is still liquid or creamy that the flat cushion 117 previously obtained is assembled with the sheet 129.
• the manufacturing is carried out continuously and the product is obtained according to the very long length of the strips taking place from rolls. It is then cut to the desired length (s).
• a roof covering according to the invention, 118 is thus in the form of a flat and flexible box, or hollow panel, having an upper wall 119, made of waterproof and flexible film, a lower wall 120 formed by the waterproof and flexible film 115 filled externally of nonwoven 114 whose outer layer is non-impregnated, and two semi-cylindrical side walls 112 and 113, thus delimiting a volume or enclosure 121 housing the fibers of the nonwoven layer 103.
• the conduits or channels 122 and 123 limited by the semi-cylindrical parts 112 and 113 are free.
• the roof body or support 124 is coated with a thin layer 125 of glue, advantageously DAKFILL, and, when this layer is still liquid, the solar collector unit 118 is presented by its face having the nonwoven 114 of so that the elements thereof penetrate into the adhesive layer 125, the film 115 not coming into contact with said layer, so that part of the nonwoven remains non-impregnated.
• glue advantageously DAKFILL
• the panel 118 ensures the waterproofing of the roof: even in this contraction and expansion of the support 124 due to the thermal effects, the waterproof film 119 is not subjected to any effort and this due to the flexibility of the non-impregnated parts of the elements of the nonwoven 103. The continuity of said film remains perfect.
• water can circulate in the enclosure 121.
• Tubes for supplying and discharging water can be introduced into the free spaces or conduits 122 and 123 adjacent to the side walls 112 and 113 of the unit 118 .
• two solar collector units 131 and 132 are placed side by side on a roof 133 and simultaneously provide sealing.
• 134 is placed astride the two adjacent upper walls 135 and 136 respectively to ensure continuity of the seal.

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• Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
• Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
• Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
• Sustainable Development (AREA)
• Sustainable Energy (AREA)
• Thermal Sciences (AREA)
• Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
• Combustion & Propulsion (AREA)
• Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
• General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
• Roof Covering Using Slabs Or Stiff Sheets (AREA)

Applications Claiming Priority (4)

Publications (1)

Family

ID=26222092

Family Applications (1)

Country Status (3)

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• 1981
  • 1981-11-26 JP JP56503668A patent/JPS57501883A/ja active Pending
  • 1981-11-26 WO PCT/FR1981/000154 patent/WO1982001933A1/fr not_active Application Discontinuation
  • 1981-11-26 EP EP81903233A patent/EP0065550A1/fr not_active Withdrawn

Non-Patent Citations (1)

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