EP0065321B1 - Gold coloured alloy for coins - Google Patents

Gold coloured alloy for coins Download PDF

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Publication number
EP0065321B1
EP0065321B1 EP82200367A EP82200367A EP0065321B1 EP 0065321 B1 EP0065321 B1 EP 0065321B1 EP 82200367 A EP82200367 A EP 82200367A EP 82200367 A EP82200367 A EP 82200367A EP 0065321 B1 EP0065321 B1 EP 0065321B1
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Prior art keywords
coins
alloy
color
gold
copper
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German (de)
French (fr)
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EP0065321A1 (en
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Bruno Dr. Prinz
Manfred B. Dr. Rockel
Günther Dr. Rudolph
Ulrich Dr. Heubner
Hugo Zoebe
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VDM Nickel Technologie AG
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Vereinigte Deutsche Metallwerke AG
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Application filed by Vereinigte Deutsche Metallwerke AG filed Critical Vereinigte Deutsche Metallwerke AG
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    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
    • C22C—ALLOYS
    • C22C9/00—Alloys based on copper
    • C22C9/01—Alloys based on copper with aluminium as the next major constituent
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
    • C22C—ALLOYS
    • C22C9/00—Alloys based on copper
    • C22C9/06—Alloys based on copper with nickel or cobalt as the next major constituent
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
    • Y10T—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER US CLASSIFICATION
    • Y10T428/00—Stock material or miscellaneous articles
    • Y10T428/12—All metal or with adjacent metals
    • Y10T428/12493—Composite; i.e., plural, adjacent, spatially distinct metal components [e.g., layers, joint, etc.]
    • Y10T428/12771—Transition metal-base component
    • Y10T428/12861—Group VIII or IB metal-base component
    • Y10T428/12903—Cu-base component
    • Y10T428/1291—Next to Co-, Cu-, or Ni-base component

Definitions

  • the invention relates to the use of a copper-based alloy with 4 to 6% nickel, 4 to 6% aluminum, 0.5 to 1.8% iron and 0.3 to 1.5% manganese, the rest copper including unavoidable, production-related impurities, as a material for the production of coins or the like, which must have a golden color and high tarnish resistance.
  • the coin authorities are therefore considering switching to newer, higher value coins from smaller pieces and distinguishing them from the existing highest value coins of the system by a different coin color.
  • Gold shades are particularly suitable for this because they combine certain values and most of the coins in circulation - at least the higher-quality ones - have silver shades.
  • Coin materials with gold-like colors are known and some have already been used. Almost without exception, these are copper-based alloys, e.g. B. with 25% zinc, with 20% zinc and 1% nickel, with 5 to 6% aluminum and 2% nickel or with 2% aluminum and 6% nickel.
  • all these materials have the disadvantage that they lose their originally brilliant appearance relatively quickly in use and assume a matt and more brownish color. This disadvantage is accepted in the case of coins of low value. For higher-value coins, such a discoloration that arises soon after use is not acceptable. For this reason, silver-colored materials, preferably nickel or alloys with a relatively high nickel content, have been used for higher-value coins.
  • GB-A-401 313 has also disclosed a method for producing metallic articles whose surfaces have patterns or lettering, such as coins, medals or tokens.
  • a hardenable copper alloy with 0.5 to 5% aluminum and a nickel content that is 3 to 4 times as large as the aluminum content is to be used to punch and stamp the metallic articles in the soft state of the alloy and to achieve the required hardness sufficient time to be treated at 300 to 600 ° C.
  • This alloy should preferably have 1 to 3% aluminum. It is therefore of the CuNi6A12 type mentioned above, which has only a relatively poor tarnish resistance (see Table 1). In addition, care must be taken with this material to ensure that the composition and the annealing treatment are adhered to precisely, because otherwise a uniform color of the surface cannot be maintained.
  • this object can be achieved if, as a material for the production of coins or the like, a copper-based alloy with 4 to 6% nickel, 4 to 6% aluminum, 0.5 to 1.8% iron, 0.3 to 1.5% manganese, remainder copper including unavoidable, manufacturing-related impurities.
  • This copper-based alloy can also be used as a plating material for producing coins or the like, which have a core layer made of another metal, preferably nickel.
  • test duration was 20 days.
  • the samples were then removed and assessed individually and separately for each test medium visually according to a point system with the marks 1 to 5, 1 meaning very good tarnish resistance and 5 very poor tarnish resistance with a strongly tarnished surface.
  • samples 1 to 4 have an overall rating between 19 and 24, sample 5, i. H. the copper base alloy to be used according to the invention with a total value of 15 is significantly lower. From the point of view of tarnish resistance, it is therefore clearly superior to all copper-based alloys previously used as coin materials.
  • the gold color tones were determined by determining color measures according to DIN 5033 and measures according to the color system DIN 6164 from the spectral reflectance.
  • the hue T, the saturation level S and the darkness level D in the form of the "color symbol (T: S: D) as a measure according to the color system DIN 6164 for the copper alloys examined are summarized in Table 2:
  • the alloy CuNi5A15Fel, 2Mn0.8 is superior in its color saturation to the alloy CuNi6Ai2 (i.e. has a smaller distance from the saturations of the DIN gold colors) and that its color lies between red gold and the gold color green-yellow.
  • the copper alloy according to the invention is outstandingly suitable for the production of a layered coin material with an inner core made of nickel, which is required for the production of automatic coin rings, because the nickel content, even with a core thickness of 7% nickel, recycles during processing. Return scrap resulting from punch roundels is easily permitted.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Materials Engineering (AREA)
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  • Metallurgy (AREA)
  • Organic Chemistry (AREA)
  • Adornments (AREA)
  • Auxiliary Devices For And Details Of Packaging Control (AREA)
  • Pharmaceuticals Containing Other Organic And Inorganic Compounds (AREA)
  • Acyclic And Carbocyclic Compounds In Medicinal Compositions (AREA)
  • Chemically Coating (AREA)
  • Control Of Vending Devices And Auxiliary Devices For Vending Devices (AREA)
  • Electroplating And Plating Baths Therefor (AREA)
  • Laminated Bodies (AREA)
  • Seeds, Soups, And Other Foods (AREA)
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Abstract

An alloy useful as a coinage alloy, especially as a cladding for a coin comprising a core and a cladding is disclosed. The alloy consists essentially of 4 to 6% nickel, 4 to 6% aluminum, balance copper and inevitable impurities which are due to the manufacture. Also disclosed are coins made therefrom having a gold-like color.

Description

Die Erfindung bezieht sich auf die Verwendung einer Kupferbasislegierung mit 4 bis 6 % Nickel, 4 bis 6 % Aluminium, 0,5 bis 1,8 % Eisen und 0,3 bis 1,5 % Mangan, Rest Kupfer einschließlich unvermeidbarer, herstellungsbedingter Verunreinigungen, als Werkstoff zur Herstellung von Münzen oder dergleichen, die einen goldenen Farbton und eine hohe Anlaufbeständigkeit aufweisen müssen.The invention relates to the use of a copper-based alloy with 4 to 6% nickel, 4 to 6% aluminum, 0.5 to 1.8% iron and 0.3 to 1.5% manganese, the rest copper including unavoidable, production-related impurities, as a material for the production of coins or the like, which must have a golden color and high tarnish resistance.

Wegen der seit Jahren anhaltenden, weltweit mehr oder weniger starken Inflationstendenz und der erheblichen Zunahme der Geschäfte über Waren- und Dienstleistungsautomaten, ist ein Bedarf an höherwertigen Münzen entstanden. So wird beispielsweise in Deutschland schon einige Zeit die Einführung eines 10 DM-Stückes erwogen. Für höherwertige Münzen kommt in den meisten bestehenden Münzsystemen eine Unterscheidung von den vorhandenen höchsten Münzwerten durch entsprechende Vergrößerung der Münzstücke nicht in Betracht. Das höhere Gewicht und das größere Volumen würden nicht nur die Handhabung im Wortsinne « erschweren • , sondern auch mit einem erheblichen Metallbedarf verbunden sein, wobei zu berücksichtigen ist, daß bei steigenden Preisen für die für Münzen geeigneten Metalle die Spanne zwischen Metallwert und Prägewert immer kleiner wird.Because of the persistent, more or less strong tendency for inflation worldwide and the significant increase in business via vending machines and service machines, there has been a need for higher-value coins. For example, the introduction of a DM 10 piece has been considered for some time in Germany. In most existing coin systems, a distinction from the existing highest coin values by correspondingly enlarging the coin pieces is not considered for higher-value coins. The higher weight and the larger volume would not only make handling literally more difficult, but would also involve a considerable need for metal, whereby it must be borne in mind that with increasing prices for metals suitable for coins, the range between metal value and minting value is becoming ever smaller becomes.

Die Münzbehörden erwägen daher, bei neuen, höherwertigen Münzen auf kleinere Stücke überzugehen und diese von den vorhandenen höchstwertigen Münzen des Systems durch eine andere Münzfarbe zu unterscheiden. Hierfür eignen sich insbesondere Goldfarbtöne, weil damit bestimmte Wertvorstellungen verbunden werden und die meisten im Umlauf befindlichen Münzen - jedenfalls die höherwertigen - silberne Farbtöne aufweisen.The coin authorities are therefore considering switching to newer, higher value coins from smaller pieces and distinguishing them from the existing highest value coins of the system by a different coin color. Gold shades are particularly suitable for this because they combine certain values and most of the coins in circulation - at least the higher-quality ones - have silver shades.

Münzwerkstoffe mit goldähnlichen Farbtönen sind bekannt und teilweise auch schon benutzt worden. Dabei handelt es sich fast ausnahmslos um Kupferbasislegierungen, die z. B. mit 25 % Zink, mit 20 % Zink und 1 % Nickel, mit 5 bis 6 % Aluminium und 2 % Nickel oder mit 2 % Aluminium und 6 % Nickel legiert sind. Alle diese Werkstoffe haben jedoch den Nachteil, daß sie im Gebrauch verhältnismäßig rasch ihr ursprünglich brillantes Aussehen verlieren und einen matten und mehr ins Bräunliche gehenden Farbton annehmen. Dieser Nachteil wird im Falle von Münzen mit geringem Wert in Kauf genommen. Für höherwertige Münzen ist eine derartige, sich bei Gebrauch alsbald einstellende Verfärbung nicht akzeptabel. Deshalb hat man auch bisher für höherwertige Münzen silberfarbene Werkstoffe, vorzugsweise Nickel oder Legierungen mit einem verhältnismäßig hohen Nickelanteil, verwendet.Coin materials with gold-like colors are known and some have already been used. Almost without exception, these are copper-based alloys, e.g. B. with 25% zinc, with 20% zinc and 1% nickel, with 5 to 6% aluminum and 2% nickel or with 2% aluminum and 6% nickel. However, all these materials have the disadvantage that they lose their originally brilliant appearance relatively quickly in use and assume a matt and more brownish color. This disadvantage is accepted in the case of coins of low value. For higher-value coins, such a discoloration that arises soon after use is not acceptable. For this reason, silver-colored materials, preferably nickel or alloys with a relatively high nickel content, have been used for higher-value coins.

Aus der Druckschrift GB-A-401 313 ist außerdem ein Verfahren zur Herstellung von metallischen Artikeln bekanntgeworden, deren Oberflächen Muster oder Beschriftung aufweisen, wie Münzen, Medaillen oder Wertmarken. Dabei soll eine härtbare Kupferlegierung mit 0,5 bis 5 % Aluminium und einem Gehalt an Nickel, der 3 bis 4 mal so groß ist wie der Aluminiumgehalt verwendet, die metallischen Artikel im weichen Zustand der Legierung ausgestanzt und geprägt und zur Erzielung der erforderlichen Härte eine ausreichende Zeit bei 300 bis 600 °C behandelt werden. Vorzugsweise soll diese Legierung 1 bis 3% Aluminium aufweisen. Sie ist damit vom oben erwähnten Typ CuNi6A12, der nur eine verhältnismäßig schlechte Anlaufbeständigkeit besitzt (vergl. Tabelle 1). Außerdem muß bei diesem Werkstoff auf eine genaue Einhaltung der Zusammensetzung und der Glühbehandlung geachtet werden, weil sonst ein einheitlicher Farbton der Oberfläche nicht einzuhalten ist.GB-A-401 313 has also disclosed a method for producing metallic articles whose surfaces have patterns or lettering, such as coins, medals or tokens. A hardenable copper alloy with 0.5 to 5% aluminum and a nickel content that is 3 to 4 times as large as the aluminum content is to be used to punch and stamp the metallic articles in the soft state of the alloy and to achieve the required hardness sufficient time to be treated at 300 to 600 ° C. This alloy should preferably have 1 to 3% aluminum. It is therefore of the CuNi6A12 type mentioned above, which has only a relatively poor tarnish resistance (see Table 1). In addition, care must be taken with this material to ensure that the composition and the annealing treatment are adhered to precisely, because otherwise a uniform color of the surface cannot be maintained.

Es besteht somit die Aufgabe, einen goldfarbenen Werkstoff für die Herstellung von Münzen oder dergleichen vorzuschlagen, der sich einerseits durch Gießen, Walzen und Prägen gut zu Münzen verarbeiten läßt und andererseits den ursprünglich vorhandenen goldenen Farbton möglichst lange behält, d. h. der eine hohe Anlaufbeständigkeit aufweist.It is therefore the task of proposing a gold-colored material for the production of coins or the like, which on the one hand can be easily processed into coins by casting, rolling and minting and on the other hand retains the originally existing golden color as long as possible, i.e. H. which has a high tarnish resistance.

Überraschenderweise hat sich herausgestellt, daß diese Aufgabe gelöst werden kann, wenn als Werkstoff zur Herstellung von Münzen oder dergleichen eine Kupferbasislegierung mit 4 bis 6 % Nickel, 4 bis 6 % Aluminium, 0,5 bis 1,8 % Eisen, 0,3 bis 1,5 % Mangan, Rest Kupfer einschließlich unvermeidlicher, herstellungsbedingter Verunreinigungen verwendet wird.Surprisingly, it has been found that this object can be achieved if, as a material for the production of coins or the like, a copper-based alloy with 4 to 6% nickel, 4 to 6% aluminum, 0.5 to 1.8% iron, 0.3 to 1.5% manganese, remainder copper including unavoidable, manufacturing-related impurities.

Diese Kupferbasislegierung kann auch als Plattierwerkstoff zur Herstellung von Münzen oder dergleichen verwendet werden, die eine Kernschicht aus einem anderen Metall, vorzugsweise Nickel, besitzen.This copper-based alloy can also be used as a plating material for producing coins or the like, which have a core layer made of another metal, preferably nickel.

Zur Prüfung der Anlaufbeständigkeit wurden gestanzte Münzrohlinge aus der erfindungsgemäß zu verwendenden Kupferbasislegierung mit 5 % Ni, 5 % Al, 1,2 % Fe und 0,8 % Mn mit oder ohne Prägung zunächst folgender Vorbehandlung unterzogen :

  • Blankbeizen,
  • in Wasser Spülen,
  • mit einem Glättmittel behandeln,
  • ohne Abspülen in Reisschrot trocknen,
  • gegebenenfalls Prägen ohne weiteres Schmiermittel.
To test the tarnish resistance, punched coin blanks made of the copper base alloy to be used according to the invention with 5% Ni, 5% Al, 1.2% Fe and 0.8% Mn, with or without embossing, were first subjected to the following pretreatment:
  • Bright pickling,
  • rinse in water,
  • treat with a smoothing agent,
  • dry in rice grist without rinsing,
  • if necessary, stamp without further lubricant.

Diese Vorbehandlung war erforderlich, um die geprägten oder ungeprägten Münzrohlinge in dem Zustand auf Anlaufbeständigkeit prüfen zu können, in dem sie auch in der Praxis vorliegen. Um evtl. Fingerabdrücke vor Beginn des Anlauftestes zu entfernen, wurden die Münzrohlinge außerdem noch entfettet.This pretreatment was necessary in order to be able to check the minted or non-minted coin blanks for tarnish resistance in the state in which they are also available in practice. To remove any fingerprints before the start of the start test, the coin blanks were also degreased.

Als Prüfmedien wurden Atmosphären verschiedener Aggressivität verwendet, und zwar:

  • A bei RT im Korrosionslabor, jeden Tag angefaßt und gewendet
  • B bei RT im Korrosionslabor
  • C bei RT über einer 10 %-igen NaCI-Lösung
  • D bei RT und 80 % relativer Luftfeuchte
  • E bei 45-50 °C im Korrosionslabor
  • F bei RT und 100 % relativer Luftfeuchte.
Atmospheres of different aggressiveness were used as test media, namely:
  • A at RT in the corrosion laboratory, touched and turned every day
  • B at RT in the corrosion laboratory
  • C at RT over a 10% NaCI solution
  • D at RT and 80% relative humidity
  • E at 45-50 ° C in the corrosion laboratory
  • F at RT and 100% relative humidity.

Die Prüfdauer betrug 20 Tage. Danach wurden die Proben entnommen und einzeln und getrennt für jedes Prüfmedium visuell nach einem Punktsystem mit den Noten 1 bis 5 beurteilt, wobei 1 sehr gute Anlaufbeständigkeit und 5 sehr schlechte Anlaufbeständigkeit mit stark angelaufener Oberfläche bedeuten.The test duration was 20 days. The samples were then removed and assessed individually and separately for each test medium visually according to a point system with the marks 1 to 5, 1 meaning very good tarnish resistance and 5 very poor tarnish resistance with a strongly tarnished surface.

In gleicher Weise wurden Münzrohlinge aus den bereits genannten, einschlägig verwendeten Kupferbasislegierungen (Proben 1 bis 4) vorbehandelt und getestet. Die Ergebnisse sind in Tabelle 1 zusammengefaßt.

Figure imgb0001
In the same way, coin blanks were pretreated and tested from the copper base alloys (samples 1 to 4) that were already used. The results are summarized in Table 1.
Figure imgb0001

Während die Proben 1 bis 4 in der Summe eine Bewertung zwischen 19 und 24 aufweisen, liegt die Probe 5, d. h. die erfindungsgemäß zu verwendende Kupferbasislegierung mit einem Summenwert von 15 deutlich niedriger. Sie ist daher unter dem Gesichtspunkt der Anlaufbeständigkeit allen bisher als Münzwerkstoff verwendeten Kupferbasislegierungen eindeutig überlegen.While samples 1 to 4 have an overall rating between 19 and 24, sample 5, i. H. the copper base alloy to be used according to the invention with a total value of 15 is significantly lower. From the point of view of tarnish resistance, it is therefore clearly superior to all copper-based alloys previously used as coin materials.

Die Goldfarbtöne wurden durch Bestimmung von Farbmaßzahlen nach DIN 5033 und Maßzahlen nach dem Farbsystem DIN 6164 aus dem spektralen Reflexionsgrad ermittelt. Der Buntton T, die Sättigungsstufe S und die Dunkelstufe D in Form des « Farbzeichens (T : S : D) als Maßzahl nach dem Farbsystem DIN 6164 für die untersuchten Kupferlegierungen sind in Tabelle 2 zusammengestellt :

Figure imgb0002
The gold color tones were determined by determining color measures according to DIN 5033 and measures according to the color system DIN 6164 from the spectral reflectance. The hue T, the saturation level S and the darkness level D in the form of the "color symbol (T: S: D) as a measure according to the color system DIN 6164 for the copper alloys examined are summarized in Table 2:
Figure imgb0002

In Fig. 1, einem Ausschnitt aus dem DIN 6164-Farbdreieck, sind die DIN-Goldfarben (A), die goldähnlichen Farbtöne der oben genannten Münzlegierungen auf Kupferbasis (Proben 1 bis 4 = x) und der Goldfarbton der erfindungsgemäßen Legierung (= ⊙) eingetragen.1, a section of the DIN 6164 color triangle, shows the DIN gold colors (A), the gold-like colors of the above-mentioned copper-based coin alloys (samples 1 to 4 = x) and the gold color of the alloy according to the invention (= ⊙) registered.

Man erkennt, daß die Legierung CuNi5A15Fel, 2Mn0,8 in ihrer Farbsättigung der Legierung CuNi6Ai2 überlegen ist (d. h. einen geringeren Abstand zu den Sättigungen der DIN-Goldfarben aufweist) und daß sie im Farbton zwischen Rotgold und der Goldfarbe Grüngelb liegt.It can be seen that the alloy CuNi5A15Fel, 2Mn0.8 is superior in its color saturation to the alloy CuNi6Ai2 (i.e. has a smaller distance from the saturations of the DIN gold colors) and that its color lies between red gold and the gold color green-yellow.

Für die Herstellung eines Schichtmünzwerkstoffes mit einem inneren Kern aus Nickel, der für die Fertigung von automatensicheren Münzrondellen benötigt wird, ist die erfindungsgemäße Kupferlegierung aufgrund ihrer Zusammensetzung hervorragend geeignet, da der Nickelgehalt auch bei einer Kerndicke von 7 % Nickel eine Rezyklierung des bei der Verarbeitung. zu Stanzrondellen anfallenden Rücklaufschrottes problemlos gestattet.The copper alloy according to the invention is outstandingly suitable for the production of a layered coin material with an inner core made of nickel, which is required for the production of automatic coin rings, because the nickel content, even with a core thickness of 7% nickel, recycles during processing. Return scrap resulting from punch roundels is easily permitted.

Claims (1)

  1. The use of a copper-base alloy containing 4 to 6% nickel, 4 to 6% aluminum, 0.5 to 1.8 % iron and 0.3 to 1.5 % manganese balance copper and inevitable impurities due to the manufacture, as a material for use in the making of coins or the like which are required to have a golden color and a high resistance to tarnishing.
EP82200367A 1981-04-23 1982-03-25 Gold coloured alloy for coins Expired EP0065321B1 (en)

Priority Applications (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
AT82200367T ATE14753T1 (en) 1981-04-23 1982-03-25 GOLD COLORED COIN MATERIAL.

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
DE3116135 1981-04-23
DE3116135A DE3116135C2 (en) 1981-04-23 1981-04-23 Use of a copper alloy as a material for gold-colored coins

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EP0065321A1 EP0065321A1 (en) 1982-11-24
EP0065321B1 true EP0065321B1 (en) 1985-08-07

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JP (1) JPS57181351A (en)
KR (1) KR890005127B1 (en)
AT (1) ATE14753T1 (en)
CA (1) CA1209828A (en)
DE (2) DE3116135C2 (en)
DK (1) DK157620C (en)
ES (2) ES511623A0 (en)
FI (1) FI69487C (en)
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Also Published As

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CA1209828A (en) 1986-08-19
NO155448C (en) 1987-04-01
DK157620B (en) 1990-01-29
NO155448B (en) 1986-12-22
NO821161L (en) 1982-10-25
MX163734B (en) 1992-06-17
DK179482A (en) 1982-10-24
US4401488A (en) 1983-08-30
ATE14753T1 (en) 1985-08-15
DE3265160D1 (en) 1985-09-12
KR830010216A (en) 1983-12-26
FI69487C (en) 1986-02-10
FI821219L (en) 1982-10-24
ES8406561A1 (en) 1984-08-01
ES8500338A1 (en) 1984-10-16
KR890005127B1 (en) 1989-12-11
FI821219A0 (en) 1982-04-06
ES528125A0 (en) 1984-08-01
JPS57181351A (en) 1982-11-08
DE3116135A1 (en) 1982-12-02
ES511623A0 (en) 1984-10-16
DE3116135C2 (en) 1983-02-10
FI69487B (en) 1985-10-31
EP0065321A1 (en) 1982-11-24
DK157620C (en) 1990-06-18

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