EP0062556B1 - Transport vessel with two load compartments - Google Patents
Transport vessel with two load compartments Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- EP0062556B1 EP0062556B1 EP19820400499 EP82400499A EP0062556B1 EP 0062556 B1 EP0062556 B1 EP 0062556B1 EP 19820400499 EP19820400499 EP 19820400499 EP 82400499 A EP82400499 A EP 82400499A EP 0062556 B1 EP0062556 B1 EP 0062556B1
- Authority
- EP
- European Patent Office
- Prior art keywords
- ship
- transport
- breach
- holds
- bulkheads
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Expired
Links
- 238000005192 partition Methods 0.000 claims description 10
- 230000004083 survival effect Effects 0.000 claims description 8
- 239000003915 liquefied petroleum gas Substances 0.000 claims description 6
- 230000035515 penetration Effects 0.000 claims description 5
- 239000000446 fuel Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 238000007747 plating Methods 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000007789 gas Substances 0.000 description 4
- 238000010276 construction Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000009545 invasion Effects 0.000 description 2
- 230000008520 organization Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000000926 separation method Methods 0.000 description 2
- 206010039509 Scab Diseases 0.000 description 1
- 230000000295 complement effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000001681 protective effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000002787 reinforcement Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000013535 sea water Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000004584 weight gain Effects 0.000 description 1
- 235000019786 weight gain Nutrition 0.000 description 1
Images
Classifications
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B63—SHIPS OR OTHER WATERBORNE VESSELS; RELATED EQUIPMENT
- B63B—SHIPS OR OTHER WATERBORNE VESSELS; EQUIPMENT FOR SHIPPING
- B63B11/00—Interior subdivision of hulls
- B63B11/02—Arrangement of bulkheads, e.g. defining cargo spaces
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B63—SHIPS OR OTHER WATERBORNE VESSELS; RELATED EQUIPMENT
- B63B—SHIPS OR OTHER WATERBORNE VESSELS; EQUIPMENT FOR SHIPPING
- B63B25/00—Load-accommodating arrangements, e.g. stowing, trimming; Vessels characterised thereby
- B63B25/02—Load-accommodating arrangements, e.g. stowing, trimming; Vessels characterised thereby for bulk goods
- B63B25/08—Load-accommodating arrangements, e.g. stowing, trimming; Vessels characterised thereby for bulk goods fluid
- B63B25/12—Load-accommodating arrangements, e.g. stowing, trimming; Vessels characterised thereby for bulk goods fluid closed
Definitions
- the present invention relates and essentially relates to a structure of a transport ship, in particular for the transport of liquefied petroleum gas of small and medium capacity.
- Transport vessels in particular small and medium-capacity liquefied petroleum gas (less than 20,000 m 3 ) had, until the publication of the code of the Intergovernmental Maritime Consultative Organization, a structural design which had become traditional. These ships had, in addition to an aft engine compartment and a front section, a loading space reserved for the cargo to be transported.
- the loading space was subdivided into two holds separated by a watertight partition. Inside each of these wedges were arranged side by side two cylindrical or cylindrical conical tanks with horizontal and parallel longitudinal axes. This provision was unanimously adopted, since it corresponded to a satisfactory filling of the ship.
- One of these imperatives is to be concerned with the ability of a ship to survive the normal flooding effects that result from hypothetical hull damage caused by some external force.
- the regulations also provide maximum dimensions of a hypotetic breach, the length of which depends on the length of the ship and the penetration into the interior of the vessel or transverse extent of damage depends on the width of the ship.
- the object of the present invention is therefore to eliminate the aforementioned drawbacks by providing a simple structure which meets the security requirements.
- the solution proposed by the present invention to solve the problem posed consists of a transport vessel, in particular for the transport of liquefied petroleum gas of the type comprising a loading space and means ensuring the survival capacity of the vessel in the event of a resulting breach.
- the loading space comprises two holds longitudinally separated by an intermediate space shaped to form said survival means, in that this space comprises two transverse partitions for separating the holds, watertight and spaced apart by a distance at least equal to a predetermined breach length which may occur in a collision, and an external longitudinal wall structure formed by the longitudinal and external walls forming the ship's side and two internal watertight bulkheads, each said internal partitions being respectively spaced from said ship's shell by a distance at least equal to scab at a predetermined depth of penetration likely to occur in a collision.
- the ship according to the invention is such that the two holds cannot be simultaneously invaded by sea water, thus ensuring a capacity for sufficient survival of the vessel to avoid sinking.
- this new separation of the loading space into two wedges allows, at equal capacity compared to the other solutions proposed in the prior art, which also provide the ship's survival capacity, to reduce the dimensions of said ship and obtain thus an appreciable gain on the weight of the ship which can go up to 15% and / or the cost price of the ship (of the order of 10%).
- the intermediate space thus defined is arranged in a cargo hold, preferably in a fuel bunker and / or in a ballast tank, or the like.
- Figure 1 is a schematic view in longitudinal section, vertical, illustrating a preferred arrangement of self-supporting tanks in a transport ship with two cargo holds according to the invention.
- Figure 2 is a schematic top view in section, illustrating the arrangement of the cargo holds of a transport ship according to the invention.
- a medium-capacity transport vessel (capacity for example less than 15,000 or 20,000 m 3 ) comprises in a known manner a compartment 1 of the machines at the rear and a section 2 before, the central part of the ship being reserved for cargo.
- this central part of the ship is divided into two cargo holds 3, 4 separated by an intermediate space 5 defined below.
- two self-supporting tanks 6a, 6b are arranged side by side in each wedge 3, 4 for loading, preferably of cylindrical or cylindroconical shape for the storage in particular of liquefied petroleum gas.
- the intermediate space 5 is defined by two watertight bulkheads 7a, 7b transverse, these partitions respectively define the loading wedges 3, 4.
- the distance 1 between these two watertight bulkheads is at least equal to the length of a breach in the ship, in the event of damage, and defined by international regulations.
- This length 1 c is given by the following formula: where L is the length of the ship.
- this intermediate space 5 is advantageously delimited by two partitions 8a, 8b, watertight, longitudinally, placed symmetrically with respect to the vertical and longitudinal median plane of the ship.
- these partitions are at a distance h from the plating of the ship at least equal to the transverse extent p of breach in a ship defined by international regulations.
- This transverse extent p of breach is defined by the following formula: where B is the width of the ship.
- the intermediate space 5 defined by the watertight and transverse partitions 7a, 7b and / or the longitudinal watertight partitions 8a, 8b is arranged in a cargo hold, and preferably in a fuel bunker or a ballast tank.
- FIG. 1 by way of example, it is possible to have a self-supporting and cylindrical tank 6c in a partially bridged position, above the bilge tanks 6b, in a manner known per se.
- the load factor of a transport vessel according to the invention equal to about 0.38 is much higher than the load factors obtained by the other proposed solutions, which are close to 0.30-0.32 .
- This filling coefficient corresponds, in particular for a gas transport vessel to the ratio of the useful transport capacity of the vessel (expressed in m 3 ) to the product of the three main dimensions of this vessel, namely: the length, the width and the hollow (expressed in meters).
Landscapes
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Combustion & Propulsion (AREA)
- Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
- Ocean & Marine Engineering (AREA)
- Filling Or Discharging Of Gas Storage Vessels (AREA)
Description
La présente invention concerne et a essentiellement pour objet une structure de navire de transport, notamment pour le transport de gaz de pétrole liquéfié de petite et moyenne capacité.The present invention relates and essentially relates to a structure of a transport ship, in particular for the transport of liquefied petroleum gas of small and medium capacity.
Les navires de transport, notamment de gaz de pétrole liquéfié de petite et moyenne capacité (inférieure à 20 000 m3) présentaient, jusqu'à la parution du code de l'Organisation Intergouvernementale consultative de la Navigation Maritime une conception de structure qui était devenue traditionnelle. Ces navires comportaient outre un compartiment des machines à l'arrière et une tranche avant, un espace de chargement réservé à la cargaison à transporter.Transport vessels, in particular small and medium-capacity liquefied petroleum gas (less than 20,000 m 3 ) had, until the publication of the code of the Intergovernmental Maritime Consultative Organization, a structural design which had become traditional. These ships had, in addition to an aft engine compartment and a front section, a loading space reserved for the cargo to be transported.
Dans le cas du gaz de pétrole liquéfié, l'espace de chargement était subdivisé en deux cales séparées par une cloison étanche. A l'intérieur de chacune de ces cales étaient disposés côte à côte deux réservoirs cylindriques ou cylindro- coniques d'axes longitudinaux horizontaux et parallèles. Cette disposition était unanimement adoptée, puisqu'elle correspondait à un remplissage du navire satisfaisant.In the case of liquefied petroleum gas, the loading space was subdivided into two holds separated by a watertight partition. Inside each of these wedges were arranged side by side two cylindrical or cylindrical conical tanks with horizontal and parallel longitudinal axes. This provision was unanimously adopted, since it corresponded to a satisfactory filling of the ship.
Cependant, dans le cadre de l'Organisation Intergouvernementale Consultative de la Navigation Maritime, un certain nombre de règles relatives à la construction et à l'équipement des navires, notamment de transport de gaz, a été élaboré et mis en application dans les années 1975 (résolution A 328 9 adoptée le 12 Novembre 1975). Ainsi, tous les navires construits ultérieurement à cette date ont eu, de fait, à répondre aux impératifs de ce règlement.However, within the framework of the Intergovernmental Consultative Organization for Maritime Navigation, a certain number of rules relating to the construction and equipment of ships, in particular for the transport of gas, was developed and implemented in the years 1975 (resolution A 328 9 adopted on November 12, 1975). Thus, all ships built after this date had, in fact, to meet the requirements of this regulation.
Un de ces impératifs consiste à se préoccuper de la capacité de survie d'un navire aux effets normaux de l'envahissement qui résultent d'une avarie hypothétique de la coque causée par une force extérieure quelconque. La réglementation fournit par ailleurs des dimensions maximales d'une brèche hypotétique dont la longueur est fonction de la longueur du navire et dont la pénétration à l'intérieur du navire ou étendue transversale d'avarie est fonction de la largeur du navire.One of these imperatives is to be concerned with the ability of a ship to survive the normal flooding effects that result from hypothetical hull damage caused by some external force. The regulations also provide maximum dimensions of a hypotetic breach, the length of which depends on the length of the ship and the penetration into the interior of the vessel or transverse extent of damage depends on the width of the ship.
Cette exigence a donc modifié considérablement la conception des navires, donnant naissance à un certain nombre de solutions différentes à ce problème posé.This requirement has therefore considerably modified the design of ships, giving rise to a number of different solutions to this problem.
Ainsi, un article de l'ouvrage « Schiff und Hafen •, volume 31, n° 12) publié en Décembre 1979 présente diverses réalisations de structure de navires, notamment à propulsion nucléaire et de transport de gaz, assurant une capacité de survie à ces derniers. En particulier, il est proposé que la paroi de chaque réservoir ou cale contenant du gaz liquéfié soit distante du bordé du bateau d'une longueur au moins égale à 20 % de la largeur du navire.Thus, an article from the book “Schiff und Hafen •, volume 31, n ° 12) published in December 1979 presents various structural achievements of ships, in particular with nuclear propulsion and gas transport, ensuring a capacity of survival for these last. In particular, it is proposed that the wall of each tank or hold containing liquefied gas be distant from the side of the boat by a length at least equal to 20% of the width of the ship.
Cependant, la notion de distance de protection est ici complétée par une notion de résistance à la pénétration et les solutions proposées nécessitent soit une paroi de renforcement complémentaire, soit la multiplication du nombre de cales séparées entre elles par des cloisons étanches, soit l'utilisation de réservoirs de formes modifiées ou aux parois renforcées.However, the concept of protective distance is here supplemented by a concept of resistance to penetration and the solutions proposed require either a complementary reinforcement wall, or the multiplication of the number of shims separated between them by watertight partitions, or the use tanks of modified shapes or with reinforced walls.
Cependant, toutes ces solutions présentent pour inconvénient majeur une augmentation du poids du navire et des réservoirs, qui entraîne outre une augmentation du prix de la construction, une perte considérable de la capacité de transport d'un tel navire.However, all of these solutions have the major drawback of an increase in the weight of the ship and of the tanks, which, in addition to an increase in the cost of construction, leads to a considerable loss of the transport capacity of such a ship.
La présente invention a donc pour objet d'éliminer les inconvénients précités en fournissant une structure simple répondant aux exigences de sécurité.The object of the present invention is therefore to eliminate the aforementioned drawbacks by providing a simple structure which meets the security requirements.
La solution proposée par la présente invention pour résoudre le problème posé consiste en un navire de transport, notamment pour le transport de gaz de pétrole liquéfié du type comportant un espace de chargement et des moyens assurant la capacité de survie du navire en cas de brèche entrainant l'envahissement d'une partie du navire, caractérisé en ce que l'espace de chargement comprend deux cales longitudinalement séparées par un espace intermédiaire conformé pour former lesdits moyens de survie, en ce que cet espace comprend deux cloisons transversales de séparation des cales, étanches et espacées d'une distance au moins égale à une longueur de brèche prédéterminée pouvant survenir lors d'une collision, et une structure de parois longitudinales externes formée par les parois longitudinales et externes formant bordé du navire et deux cloisons longitudinales étanches internes, chacune desdites cloisons internes étant respectivement espacée dudit bordé du navire d'une distance au moins égale à une profondeur de pénétration prédéterminée susceptible de se produire lors d'une collision.The solution proposed by the present invention to solve the problem posed consists of a transport vessel, in particular for the transport of liquefied petroleum gas of the type comprising a loading space and means ensuring the survival capacity of the vessel in the event of a resulting breach. the invasion of part of the ship, characterized in that the loading space comprises two holds longitudinally separated by an intermediate space shaped to form said survival means, in that this space comprises two transverse partitions for separating the holds, watertight and spaced apart by a distance at least equal to a predetermined breach length which may occur in a collision, and an external longitudinal wall structure formed by the longitudinal and external walls forming the ship's side and two internal watertight bulkheads, each said internal partitions being respectively spaced from said ship's shell by a distance at least equal to scab at a predetermined depth of penetration likely to occur in a collision.
Ainsi, dans le cas d'une avarie, et quelle que soit la localisation de cette avarie, le navire selon l'invention est tel que Îes deux cales ne pourront être simultanément envahies par de l'eau de mer, assurant ainsi une capacité de survie du navire suffisante pour éviter son naufrage.Thus, in the event of damage, and whatever the location of this damage, the ship according to the invention is such that the two holds cannot be simultaneously invaded by sea water, thus ensuring a capacity for sufficient survival of the vessel to avoid sinking.
Par ailleurs, cette séparation nouvelle de l'espace de chargement en deux cales permet, à capacité égale par rapport aux autres solutions proposées dans l'art antérieur, qui procurent également une capacité de survie du navire, de réduire les dimensions dudit navire et obtenir ainsi un gain appréciable sur le poids du navire qui peut aller jusqu'à 15 % et/ou du prix de revient du navire (de l'ordre de 10 %).Furthermore, this new separation of the loading space into two wedges allows, at equal capacity compared to the other solutions proposed in the prior art, which also provide the ship's survival capacity, to reduce the dimensions of said ship and obtain thus an appreciable gain on the weight of the ship which can go up to 15% and / or the cost price of the ship (of the order of 10%).
Avantageusement l'espace intermédiaire ainsi défini est aménagé en cale de chargement, de préférence en soute à combustible et/ou en réservoir de ballast, ou analogue.Advantageously, the intermediate space thus defined is arranged in a cargo hold, preferably in a fuel bunker and / or in a ballast tank, or the like.
L'invention sera mieux comprise et d'autres caractéristiques, détails et avantages de celle-ci apparaîtront plus clairement au cours de la description explicative qui va suivre faite en référence aux dessins schématiques annexés donnés uniquement à titre d'exemple, illustrant un mode de réalisation de l'invention et dans lesquels :The invention will be better understood and other characteristics, details and advantages thereof will appear more clearly during the explanatory description which follows, given with reference to the appended schematic drawings given together. only by way of example, illustrating an embodiment of the invention and in which:
La figure 1 est une vue schématique en coupe longitudinale, verticale, illustrant une disposition préférée des réservoirs auto-portants dans un navire de transport à deux cales de chargement conforme à l'invention ; etFigure 1 is a schematic view in longitudinal section, vertical, illustrating a preferred arrangement of self-supporting tanks in a transport ship with two cargo holds according to the invention; and
La figure 2 est une vue schématique de dessus en coupe, illustrant la disposition des cales de chargement d'un navire de transport conforme à l'invention.Figure 2 is a schematic top view in section, illustrating the arrangement of the cargo holds of a transport ship according to the invention.
En se référant à la figure 2, un navire de transport de moyenne capacité (capacité par exemple inférieure à 15000 ou 20000 m3) comprend de manière connue un compartiment 1 des machines à l'arrière et une tranche 2 avant, la partie centrale du navire étant réservée à la cargaison.Referring to FIG. 2, a medium-capacity transport vessel (capacity for example less than 15,000 or 20,000 m 3 ) comprises in a known manner a
Selon l'invention, cette partie centrale du navire est divisée en deux cales 3, 4 de chargement séparées par un espace intermédiaire 5 défini ci-après. Selon une réalisation préférée de l'invention, on dispose côte à côte dans chaque cale 3, 4 de chargement deux réservoirs 6a, 6b, auto-portants de préférence de forme cylindrique ou cylindroconique pour le stockage notamment de gaz de pétrole liquéfié.According to the invention, this central part of the ship is divided into two cargo holds 3, 4 separated by an
Selon l'invention, l'espace intermédiaire 5 est défini par deux cloisons étanches 7a, 7b transversales, ces cloisons définissent respectivement les cales de chargement 3, 4.According to the invention, the
La distance 1 entre ces deux cloisons étanches est au moins égale à la longueur d'une brèche dans le navire, en cas d'avarie, et définie par la réglementation internationale. Cette longueur 1c est donnée par la formule suivante :
En outre, cet espace 5 intermédiaire est avantageusement délimité par deux cloisons 8a, 8b, étanches, longitudinalement, placées symétriquement par rapport au plan médian vertical et longitudinal du navire.In addition, this
Selon l'invention, ces cloisons sont à une distance h des bordés du navire au moins égale à l'étendue transversale p de brèche dans un navire définie par la réglementation internationale. Cette étendue transversale p de brèche est définie par la formule suivante :
Ainsi, dans un navire de transport à deux cales de chargement conforme à l'invention, il est impossible, selon la réglementation internationale, qu'une avarie provoque l'envahissement simultané des deux cales 3 et 4. En conséquence, le navire de l'invention a une capacité de survie conforme à la réglementation internationale.Thus, in a transport ship with two cargo holds according to the invention, it is impossible, according to international regulations, for damage to cause the simultaneous invasion of the two holds 3 and 4. Consequently, the ship of the he invention has a survival capacity in accordance with international regulations.
Avantageusement, l'espace 5 intermédiaire défini par les cloisons étanches et transversales 7a, 7b et/ou les cloisons étanches longitudinales 8a, 8b, est aménagé en cale de chargement, et de préférence en soute à combustible ou réservoir de ballast.Advantageously, the
Egalement, comme représenté à la figure 1, à titre d'exemple, il est possible de disposer un réservoir 6c auto-portant et cylindrique en position partiellement pontée, au-dessus des réservoirs de cale 6b, de manière connue en soi.Also, as shown in FIG. 1, by way of example, it is possible to have a self-supporting and
Ainsi, la séparation de deux cales de chargement d'un navire de transport de capacité moyenne, proposée par l'invention permet, à capacité égale, par rapport aux autres solutions proposées :
- de réduire les dimensions du navire ;
- d'obtenir un gain appréciable sur le poids du navire et notamment sur le poids des réservoirs auto-portants 6a, 6b, à titre d'exemple un gain de poids d'environ 15 % ;
- et en conséquence de réduire le prix de revient d'un tel navire, à titre d'exemple une réduction de l'ordre de 10 % de ce prix de revient.
- to reduce the dimensions of the ship;
- to obtain an appreciable gain on the weight of the ship and in particular on the weight of the self-supporting
tanks - and consequently to reduce the cost price of such a ship, for example a reduction of around 10% of this cost price.
De plus, le coefficient de remplissage d'un navire de transport conforme à l'invention, égal environ à 0,38 est nettement supérieur aux coefficients de remplissage obtenus par les autres solutions proposées, qui sont voisins de 0,30-0,32. Ce coefficient de remplissage correspond, notamment pour un navire de transport de gaz au rapport de la capacité utile de transport du navire (exprimée en m3) au produit des trois dimensions principales de ce navire, à savoir : la longueur, la largeur et le creux (exprimées en mètre).In addition, the load factor of a transport vessel according to the invention, equal to about 0.38 is much higher than the load factors obtained by the other proposed solutions, which are close to 0.30-0.32 . This filling coefficient corresponds, in particular for a gas transport vessel to the ratio of the useful transport capacity of the vessel (expressed in m 3 ) to the product of the three main dimensions of this vessel, namely: the length, the width and the hollow (expressed in meters).
Claims (4)
Applications Claiming Priority (2)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| FR8105669 | 1981-03-20 | ||
| FR8105669A FR2502107B1 (en) | 1981-03-20 | 1981-03-20 | TRANSPORT VESSEL WITH TWO LOADING PITCHES |
Publications (2)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| EP0062556A1 EP0062556A1 (en) | 1982-10-13 |
| EP0062556B1 true EP0062556B1 (en) | 1987-09-09 |
Family
ID=9256490
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| EP19820400499 Expired EP0062556B1 (en) | 1981-03-20 | 1982-03-18 | Transport vessel with two load compartments |
Country Status (5)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| EP (1) | EP0062556B1 (en) |
| JP (1) | JPS57172892A (en) |
| DE (1) | DE3277193D1 (en) |
| ES (1) | ES8302567A1 (en) |
| FR (1) | FR2502107B1 (en) |
Cited By (1)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| WO2022189812A1 (en) * | 2021-03-11 | 2022-09-15 | Dimitrios Kostalas | Merchant ship |
Families Citing this family (1)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| LT3318791T (en) * | 2016-11-07 | 2021-03-10 | AC-INOX GmbH | Multi-lobe cargo tank |
Family Cites Families (5)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| DE1059310B (en) * | 1956-02-27 | 1959-06-11 | Johanna Muck Geb Roth | Liquid natural gas tanker |
| FR75764E (en) * | 1958-11-27 | 1961-08-11 | Ship hull for bulk transport of low temperature liquids, such as liquefied gases | |
| FR1231206A (en) * | 1959-04-08 | 1960-09-27 | Improvements in the transport of methane in tankers | |
| JPS5119223B1 (en) * | 1971-04-14 | 1976-06-16 | ||
| JPS52143689A (en) * | 1976-05-24 | 1977-11-30 | Mitsui Eng & Shipbuild Co Ltd | Tanker |
-
1981
- 1981-03-20 FR FR8105669A patent/FR2502107B1/en not_active Expired
-
1982
- 1982-03-18 ES ES510617A patent/ES8302567A1/en not_active Expired
- 1982-03-18 EP EP19820400499 patent/EP0062556B1/en not_active Expired
- 1982-03-18 DE DE8282400499T patent/DE3277193D1/en not_active Expired
- 1982-03-19 JP JP4445182A patent/JPS57172892A/en active Pending
Cited By (1)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| WO2022189812A1 (en) * | 2021-03-11 | 2022-09-15 | Dimitrios Kostalas | Merchant ship |
Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| DE3277193D1 (en) | 1987-10-15 |
| JPS57172892A (en) | 1982-10-23 |
| EP0062556A1 (en) | 1982-10-13 |
| ES510617A0 (en) | 1983-02-01 |
| FR2502107A1 (en) | 1982-09-24 |
| FR2502107B1 (en) | 1987-05-29 |
| ES8302567A1 (en) | 1983-02-01 |
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Legal Events
| Date | Code | Title | Description |
|---|---|---|---|
| PUAI | Public reference made under article 153(3) epc to a published international application that has entered the european phase |
Free format text: ORIGINAL CODE: 0009012 |
|
| AK | Designated contracting states |
Designated state(s): BE DE GB IT |
|
| 17P | Request for examination filed |
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