EP0060020A1 - Gleichstromwandler - Google Patents

Gleichstromwandler Download PDF

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Publication number
EP0060020A1
EP0060020A1 EP19820300539 EP82300539A EP0060020A1 EP 0060020 A1 EP0060020 A1 EP 0060020A1 EP 19820300539 EP19820300539 EP 19820300539 EP 82300539 A EP82300539 A EP 82300539A EP 0060020 A1 EP0060020 A1 EP 0060020A1
Authority
EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
switches
converter
switch
voltage
input
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Withdrawn
Application number
EP19820300539
Other languages
English (en)
French (fr)
Inventor
Denis David Silvey Reardon
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
BAE Systems Electronics Ltd
Original Assignee
Marconi Co Ltd
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Marconi Co Ltd filed Critical Marconi Co Ltd
Publication of EP0060020A1 publication Critical patent/EP0060020A1/de
Withdrawn legal-status Critical Current

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Classifications

    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02M—APPARATUS FOR CONVERSION BETWEEN AC AND AC, BETWEEN AC AND DC, OR BETWEEN DC AND DC, AND FOR USE WITH MAINS OR SIMILAR POWER SUPPLY SYSTEMS; CONVERSION OF DC OR AC INPUT POWER INTO SURGE OUTPUT POWER; CONTROL OR REGULATION THEREOF
    • H02M3/00—Conversion of dc power input into dc power output
    • H02M3/02—Conversion of dc power input into dc power output without intermediate conversion into ac
    • H02M3/04—Conversion of dc power input into dc power output without intermediate conversion into ac by static converters
    • H02M3/10—Conversion of dc power input into dc power output without intermediate conversion into ac by static converters using discharge tubes with control electrode or semiconductor devices with control electrode
    • H02M3/145—Conversion of dc power input into dc power output without intermediate conversion into ac by static converters using discharge tubes with control electrode or semiconductor devices with control electrode using devices of a triode or transistor type requiring continuous application of a control signal
    • H02M3/155—Conversion of dc power input into dc power output without intermediate conversion into ac by static converters using discharge tubes with control electrode or semiconductor devices with control electrode using devices of a triode or transistor type requiring continuous application of a control signal using semiconductor devices only
    • H02M3/156—Conversion of dc power input into dc power output without intermediate conversion into ac by static converters using discharge tubes with control electrode or semiconductor devices with control electrode using devices of a triode or transistor type requiring continuous application of a control signal using semiconductor devices only with automatic control of output voltage or current, e.g. switching regulators
    • H02M3/158—Conversion of dc power input into dc power output without intermediate conversion into ac by static converters using discharge tubes with control electrode or semiconductor devices with control electrode using devices of a triode or transistor type requiring continuous application of a control signal using semiconductor devices only with automatic control of output voltage or current, e.g. switching regulators including plural semiconductor devices as final control devices for a single load

Definitions

  • This invention relates to d.c. converters for producing a d.c. output voltage from a lower d.c. input voltage.
  • Converters of this kind are sometimes called “choppers"as the input voltage is usually rapidly chopped by means of a controllable switch. The output of the switch is smoothed and the on-off ratio of the switch determines the level of the d.c. output voltage.
  • the switching nature of operation of such converters results in both a ripple on the output voltage and a ripple in the input current.
  • these ripple values must be limited to acceptable levels and it is these levels together with the permissible switching frequency which primarily determines the values, physical sizes and other characteristics of filter inductors and capacitors associated with the converter.
  • the present invention seeks to provide a converter in which the effective values of these filter components can be minimised.
  • a d.c. converter for producing a d.c. output voltage from a lower d.c. input voltage includes two serially connected switches arranged to receive the input voltage via an inductor; two capacitors each connected, via a diode, in shunt with a respective one of said switches to absorb some or all of the energy stored in the said inductor, when the said switch changes from a conductive to a non-conductive state; and means for operating said switches at the same frequency as each other, and wherein the switching cycle of one switch is displaced by half a switching cycle period relative to that of the other switch.
  • the known converter receives an input d.c. voltage at terminals 1 and 2 and is operative to provide the higher d.c. output voltage at terminals 3 and 4.
  • a converter is sometimes termed a step-up chopper.
  • An inductor L and a switch Sl are connected in series across the two input terminals 1 and 2.
  • Two capacitors Cl and C2 are connected in series across the two output terminals 3 and 4, and a diode Dl is connected between the inductor L and the output terminal 3 and is poled as shown.
  • a load 14 is connected across the output terminals 3 and 4.
  • switch Sl is typivslly a high frequency transistor and its conductivity is controlled by a timing circuit 10.
  • the timing circuit 10 generates a fixed frequency rectangular output waveform and it is the mark-to-space ratio of this waveform which determines the duty cycle of the switch Sl and hence the magnitude of the output voltage V 0 relative to the input voltage V 1 of the converter.
  • the inductor L has a value of one Henry
  • each capacitor Cl and C2 has a value of lOpF.
  • the present invention uses two switches Sl and S2 in place of the original single switch Sl, and they are controlledby a signal generator 12 in such a way that, for an inductor L and capacitors C1 and C2 of the same value as those used in Figure 1, very much lower ripple values can be obtained.
  • the converter is very similar to that shown in Figure 1 as apart from the provision of the two switches Sl and S2, an additional diode D2 is provided.
  • the timing circuit necessary to control the operation of the switches Sl and S2 is only slightly more complex than the pulse generator 10 shown in Figure 1, and the nature of the required timing waveforms is shown in Figure 4.
  • switches Sl and S2 operate at the same frequency as each other, but that the switching waveform of switch S2 is phased shifted relative to that of switch Sl by an amount corresponding to half the period of the switching waveform.
  • the other waveforms in Figure 3 illustrate the currents and voltages relating to the various circuit components so that the practical effect of using two switches instead of only a single can be fully appreciated.
  • switch Sl is conductive for a period t 0 milliseconds and non-conductive for a period of (1-t ) milliseconds.
  • capacitors Cl and C2 are each 10 ⁇ F, and appear in series as 5 ⁇ F, this gives
  • the input ripple current is given by
  • the output voltage produced in Figure 3 is determined by the on-off ratio of each switch S1 and S2, i.e. the proportion of a switching period for which a switch is conductive.
  • the actual level of the output voltage is monitored (by means not shown) and the mark-space ratio of the waveforms generated by the generator 12 is adjusted accordingly to maintain the required output voltage.
  • the circuit shown in Figure 3 can also be used for feeding a load requiring three voltage terminals. E.g. with reference to the example previously given 0 volts from the junction point of capacitors C1 and C2, +500 volts from terminal 3 and -500 volts from terminal 4. Individual control of positive and negative voltages is then possible by controls of the mark/space ratios of switches Sl and S2, whilst still minimising the input current ripple.
  • the circuit shown in Figure 3 operates to transfer power from the input terminals 1, 2 to the output terminals 3,4 for utilisation by the load 14.
  • the invention can also be used to transfer energy from the load back to the input terminals, and such a capability can be very useful with certain kinds of load which regenerate energy under particular operating conditions. For example, if the load is a rotating electrical machine, such as a motor, it will regenerate power whilst it is de-accelerating or braking, and under these conditions it is desirable to return to the power source energy which would otherwise be wasted.
  • FIG. 5 A modified circuit which enables this function to be achieved is shown in Figure 5, and it will be seen that in essence it is very similar to Figure 3. It includes two additional switches S3, S4 which are in shunt with respective ones of the diodes Dl, D2 and also two additional diodes D 3, D4 which are in shunt with respective ones of the switches Sl, S2.
  • the switches S3, S4 are both held non-conductive all of the time, and under these conditions the diodes D3 and D 4 are non-conductive.
  • the circuit behaves in exactly the same way as Figure 3.
  • a monitor circuit 11 is connected to output terminal 3 to monitor the voltage level at that point, as this enables it to be determined whether the load 14 is consuming or regenerating power. Under conditions of normal operation in which the load 14 is consuming power, the voltage level at terminal 3 will drop slightly below its nominal design value. The nominal value is applied as a threshold value via terminal 15 and the voltage drop on terminal 3 is detected by the monitor 11 and is used by the generator circuit 12 to control the mark-to-space ratio of the switches Sl, S2 to compensate.
  • the potential at point 3 will rise - this condition is detected by the monitor 11 when potential exceeds a threshold level at terminal 16 and this causes the generator 12 to hold switches S1 and S2 continuously non-conductive, and to apply a switching waveform to the previously non-conductive switches S3, S4 so that they act as a converter in reverse.
  • the mark-to-space ratio of switches S3, S4 is chosen to match the excess potential level on terminal 3 to the nominal supply potential V 1 .
  • the switches S3, S4 are controlled by switching waveforms in which the switching cycle of one switch is displaced by half a switching cycle period relative to that of the other switch to obtain the benefits of the present invention.
  • diodes D3, D4 are not needed, as switches S1, S2 could be closed at the appropriate times to conduct the current instead, but in practice this is not desirable because very accurate timing control would be needed to operate the switches S1, S2, and because if the switches Sl, S2 were implemented as transistors they would not be able to conduct current in the reverse direction.
  • switches Sl, S2 in antiphase enables the ripple level to be minimised. If this consideration is not of importance when power is being fed back from the load to the supply (and in practice it is likely to be of less significance)then switches S3 and S4 can be operated together in-phase and this will lead to a slight simplification of the control circuit.
  • switches S3 and S4 can be operated together in-phase and this will lead to a slight simplification of the control circuit.
  • Figure 3 it is possible to independently adjust the output potentials across the two capacitors Cl and C2.
  • the regenerative action of two separate loads connected respectively across capacitors C1 and C2 can be used to independently channel regenerated energy back to the supply terminals 1 and 2.

Landscapes

  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Power Engineering (AREA)
  • Dc-Dc Converters (AREA)
EP19820300539 1981-02-27 1982-02-03 Gleichstromwandler Withdrawn EP0060020A1 (de)

Applications Claiming Priority (4)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
GB8106339 1981-02-27
GB8106339 1981-02-27
GB8121968A GB2094076B (en) 1981-02-27 1981-07-16 Dc to dc converters
GB8121968 1981-07-16

Publications (1)

Publication Number Publication Date
EP0060020A1 true EP0060020A1 (de) 1982-09-15

Family

ID=26278593

Family Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
EP19820300539 Withdrawn EP0060020A1 (de) 1981-02-27 1982-02-03 Gleichstromwandler

Country Status (2)

Country Link
EP (1) EP0060020A1 (de)
GB (1) GB2094076B (de)

Cited By (6)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
AU568785B2 (en) * 1984-12-17 1988-01-07 Toshiba, Kabushiki Kaisha Chopper apparatus
EP0414465A2 (de) * 1989-08-23 1991-02-27 Toyo Denki Seizo Kabushiki Kaisha Aufwärts und abwärts Zerhacker
FR2679079A1 (fr) * 1991-07-10 1993-01-15 Fronius Schweissmasch Dispositif de conversion de tension pour un circuit consommateur de tension continue.
EP0852422A2 (de) * 1997-01-03 1998-07-08 Peter Dipl.-Ing. Moosbauer Tiefsetzsteller
WO2009068163A1 (de) * 2007-11-27 2009-06-04 Peter Moosbauer Schaltung zur regelung der stromversorgung eines verbrauchers und verfahren zum betrieb einer schaltung
US8729871B2 (en) 2007-11-27 2014-05-20 Messtec Power Converter Gmbh Circuit and method for controlling the power supply of a consumer with current pulses having steep flanks

Families Citing this family (3)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
EP0178615A3 (de) * 1984-10-19 1987-08-05 Kollmorgen Corporation Stromversorgungssysteme für induktive Elemente
US4803610A (en) * 1986-04-07 1989-02-07 Zdzislaw Gulczynski Switching power supply
US5481447A (en) * 1995-04-27 1996-01-02 Fluke Corporation Switched capacitance voltage multiplier with commutation

Citations (2)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
DE1933177B2 (de) * 1969-06-30 1975-05-28 Siemens Ag, 1000 Berlin Und 8000 Muenchen Schaltungsanordnung zur Erzeugung einer hoeheren Gleichspannung aus einer niedrigeren Gleichspannung,insbesondere als Ladezusatz in Fernmeldeeinrichtungen
AT349103B (de) * 1976-08-05 1979-03-26 Krieger Hans Heinrich Elektronische schaltungsanordnung zur verdopplung oder umpolung einer einseitig an masse liegenden gleichspannung

Patent Citations (2)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
DE1933177B2 (de) * 1969-06-30 1975-05-28 Siemens Ag, 1000 Berlin Und 8000 Muenchen Schaltungsanordnung zur Erzeugung einer hoeheren Gleichspannung aus einer niedrigeren Gleichspannung,insbesondere als Ladezusatz in Fernmeldeeinrichtungen
AT349103B (de) * 1976-08-05 1979-03-26 Krieger Hans Heinrich Elektronische schaltungsanordnung zur verdopplung oder umpolung einer einseitig an masse liegenden gleichspannung

Non-Patent Citations (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Title
Computer Design, Vol. 17, No. 3, March 1978, Concord, R.J. APFEL et al. "Universal Switching Regulator Diversifies Power Subsystem Applications" pages 103 to 112 *

Cited By (9)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
AU568785B2 (en) * 1984-12-17 1988-01-07 Toshiba, Kabushiki Kaisha Chopper apparatus
EP0414465A2 (de) * 1989-08-23 1991-02-27 Toyo Denki Seizo Kabushiki Kaisha Aufwärts und abwärts Zerhacker
EP0414465A3 (en) * 1989-08-23 1991-03-27 Toyo Denki Seizo Kabushiki Kaisha Step-up and step-down chopper device
FR2679079A1 (fr) * 1991-07-10 1993-01-15 Fronius Schweissmasch Dispositif de conversion de tension pour un circuit consommateur de tension continue.
EP0852422A2 (de) * 1997-01-03 1998-07-08 Peter Dipl.-Ing. Moosbauer Tiefsetzsteller
EP0852422A3 (de) * 1997-01-03 1999-01-13 Peter Dipl.-Ing. Moosbauer Tiefsetzsteller
WO2009068163A1 (de) * 2007-11-27 2009-06-04 Peter Moosbauer Schaltung zur regelung der stromversorgung eines verbrauchers und verfahren zum betrieb einer schaltung
US8487482B2 (en) 2007-11-27 2013-07-16 Messtec Power Converter Gmbh Circuit for controlling power supply to a consumer and method for operating a circuit
US8729871B2 (en) 2007-11-27 2014-05-20 Messtec Power Converter Gmbh Circuit and method for controlling the power supply of a consumer with current pulses having steep flanks

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
GB2094076A (en) 1982-09-08
GB2094076B (en) 1984-05-02

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PUAI Public reference made under article 153(3) epc to a published international application that has entered the european phase

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Effective date: 19820930

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Inventor name: REARDON, DENIS DAVID SILVEY