EP0059742B1 - Method for manufacturing a brazable aluminium alloy - Google Patents
Method for manufacturing a brazable aluminium alloy Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- EP0059742B1 EP0059742B1 EP81902622A EP81902622A EP0059742B1 EP 0059742 B1 EP0059742 B1 EP 0059742B1 EP 81902622 A EP81902622 A EP 81902622A EP 81902622 A EP81902622 A EP 81902622A EP 0059742 B1 EP0059742 B1 EP 0059742B1
- Authority
- EP
- European Patent Office
- Prior art keywords
- brazing
- alloy
- manufacturing
- aluminium alloy
- core
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Expired
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Classifications
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
- C22C—ALLOYS
- C22C21/00—Alloys based on aluminium
Definitions
- the invention relates to alloys based on aluminum, solderable, in particular for the manufacture of large devices.
- alloy 3003 the alloy most suitable for the manufacture of large brazed devices, such as heat exchangers, is alloy 3003, according to standard AFNORNFA 50-541.
- the duration of the cycle is imposed, on the one hand, by the own mass of such devices, on the other hand, by the need to limit the heating and cooling rates to a low value (of the order of a few tens of ° C / hour) to avoid internal thermal stresses and corresponding distortions.
- brazing time itself (partially or totally liquid brazing) being generally between a few tens of minutes to several hours, the alloy must sufficiently resist creep.
- the aim of the present invention is therefore to find an alloy based on brazable and "refractory" AI, that is to say retaining a large fraction of its mechanical characteristics during and after long-term brazing, without significant alteration. other properties of use, such as its resistance to corrosion.
- the alloy according to the invention which meets these requirements, has the following composition (by weight%): However, in order to obtain the optimal properties, it is preferable that Cu + Mg is greater than or equal to 0.40%.
- a preferred composition is as follows: remains aluminum and usual impurities.
- the simplest and most economical method naturally consists of slow and controlled cooling between the two stages a) and b).
- the alloy can be used in the form of a homogeneous product to which, either the brazing is applied during the actual brazing, or which is brought into contact with another product coated with a brazing alloy, or, either of composite product, coated with a brazing alloy, obtained, for example, by hot and / or cold co-laminating (sheets or strips plated one or two faces).
- the alloy is brazing, it can also find applications in all cases where the material is brought temporarily to high temperature, such as kitchen utensils, solar collectors, muffler casings, etc ...
- Three products are produced (1, 2 and 3) plated in three layers, each composed of a core alloy and a brazing alloy placed on either side of the core alloy with the thickness per side equal to 5% of the total thickness.
- Product 1 is an alloy 3003 plated with solder alloy 4343.
- Products 2 and 3 have a core whose composition is in accordance with the invention; they are also plated with 4343 alloy.
- the brazing alloys are cast by a known process (semi-continuous casting) and hot rolled after reheating at 500 ° C to a thickness compatible with the thickness of the plated products.
- the core alloys are also cast in plates (semi-continuous casting).
- a homogenization heat treatment is then carried out with maintenance of 20 h at 600 ° C, followed by cooling to 500 ° C (20 ° C / h).
- the clad strip thus obtained is then cold rolled and the composite sheets thus obtained are then annealed to the final thickness. Brazing is carried out in a flow bath after preheating the products for several hours at a temperature slightly below 570 ° C.
- Immersion in the salt bath brought to 600 ° C has a duration of two hours.
- Cooling after brazing is 30 ° C per hour.
- the depth of dissolution in the three cases examined does not exceed 20 ⁇ m.
- the same core alloys are used.
- the solder used has the same composition as that of Example 1, but with the addition of 0.3% copper.
- the plated products are obtained by the same processing technique as that described in Example 1, with the only difference, a plating thickness per side of 15% of the total thickness obtained.
- a plated composite is produced (plating thickness per side being 10% of the total thickness), the core of which has a composition in accordance with the invention and a plating containing (% by weight): 9.5% Si, 1 % Mg, 0.30% Fe, 0.30% Bi, remains AI.
- the transformation of the plated products is carried out in the same way as in Example 1, except with regard to homogenization supplemented by keeping it for 20 h at 500 ° C.
- the brazing cycle includes heating under vacuum from 1.33 to 13.3 mPa at a temperature of 560 ° C., so as to homogenize the temperature of the assembly to be brazed, then maintaining for two hours in the interval between brazing temperature (580-590 ° C), so as to ensure that the solder passes through the liquid state, always under vacuum.
- the cooling is then carried out in the brazing furnace, then in air, with a cooling rate sufficiently slow to ensure thermal equilibrium within the device.
- the mechanical characteristics of the core metal obtained are as follows: The depth of dissolution, when maintained at the brazing temperature, remains less than 30 ⁇ m.
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- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Materials Engineering (AREA)
- Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
- Metallurgy (AREA)
- Organic Chemistry (AREA)
- Coating With Molten Metal (AREA)
- Laminated Bodies (AREA)
- Heat-Exchange Devices With Radiators And Conduit Assemblies (AREA)
Description
L'invention se rapporte aux alliages à base d'aluminium, brasables, en particulier pour la fabrication de gros appareillages.The invention relates to alloys based on aluminum, solderable, in particular for the manufacture of large devices.
On sait que l'alliage le plus apte à la fabrication de gros appareils brasés, tels que des échangeurs de chaleur, est l'alliage 3003, selon la norme AFNORNFA 50-541.It is known that the alloy most suitable for the manufacture of large brazed devices, such as heat exchangers, is alloy 3003, according to standard AFNORNFA 50-541.
Cependant, à la suite d'un cycle de brasage de longue durée, ce dernier alliage accuse un niveau de caractéristiques mécaniques très modeste.However, following a long brazing cycle, this latter alloy exhibits a very modest level of mechanical characteristics.
La durée du cycle est imposée, d'une part, par la masse propre de tels appareils, d'autre part, par la nécessité de limiter les vitesses de chauffage et de refroidissement à une faible valeur (de l'ordre de quelques dizaines de °C/heure) pour éviter les contraintes internes d'origine thermique et les distorsions correspondantes.The duration of the cycle is imposed, on the one hand, by the own mass of such devices, on the other hand, by the need to limit the heating and cooling rates to a low value (of the order of a few tens of ° C / hour) to avoid internal thermal stresses and corresponding distortions.
De plus, la durée de brasage elle-même (brasure partiellement ou totalement liquide) étant en général comprise entre quelques dizaines de minutes à plusieurs heures, l'alliage doit résister suffisamment au fluage.In addition, the brazing time itself (partially or totally liquid brazing) being generally between a few tens of minutes to several hours, the alloy must sufficiently resist creep.
Le but de la présente invention est donc de trouver un alliage à base d'AI brasable et «réfractaire», c'est-à-dire conservant une fraction importante de ses caractéristiques mécaniques pendant et après un brasage de longue durée, sans altération notable de ses autres propriétés d'usage, telles que sa résistance à la corrosion.The aim of the present invention is therefore to find an alloy based on brazable and "refractory" AI, that is to say retaining a large fraction of its mechanical characteristics during and after long-term brazing, without significant alteration. other properties of use, such as its resistance to corrosion.
L'alliage suivant l'invention, qui répond à ces exigences, la composition suivante (en poids%):
Une composition préférentielle est la suivante:
Les alliages suivant l'invention présentent les caractéristiques suivantes:
- 1) une excellente aptitude au placage par des alliages de brasure du type AI-Si ou AI-Si-Mg utilisés pour les brasages sous flux, sous gaz inerte ou sous vide;
- 2) une amélioration de l'ordre de 40% des caractéristiques mécaniques de traction (charge de rupture et limite élastique) par rapport à l'alliage 3003 utilisé dans les mêmes conditions;
- 3) une aptitude au brasage et une résistance à la dissolution par la brasure au moins égales à celle du 3003;
- 4) un comportement à la corrosion au moins égal à celui du 3003 dans les mêmes environnements chimiques.
- 1) excellent suitability for plating with brazing alloys of the AI-Si or AI-Si-Mg type used for brazing under flux, under inert gas or under vacuum;
- 2) an improvement of the order of 40% in the mechanical tensile characteristics (breaking load and elastic limit) compared to the 3003 alloy used under the same conditions;
- 3) a solderability and a resistance to dissolution by soldering at least equal to that of 3003;
- 4) corrosion behavior at least equal to that of 3003 in the same chemical environments.
De plus, cette augmentation des caractéristiques mécaniques après brasage permet, dans de nombreux cas, de diminuer les épaisseurs de parois des échangeurs; il en résulte tout à la fois un gain de matière et une plus grande efficacité d'échange calorifique.In addition, this increase in mechanical characteristics after brazing makes it possible, in many cases, to reduce the wall thicknesses of the exchangers; this results in both a gain in material and a greater efficiency of heat exchange.
L'alliage suivant l'invention présente ses caractéristiques d'utilisation optimales, en particulier la meilleure résistance à la dissolution par la brasure, si entre la coulée et la déformation à chaud subséquente, il subit un cycle d'homogénéisation en deux étapes:
- a) la première, par maintien dans le domaine 590-610°C pendant 2 à 36 heures,
- b) la deuxième, par maintien entre 450 et 550°C entre 30 minutes et 24 heures,
ces deux étapes étant séparées ou non par un retour à la température ambiante (refroidissement continu ou discontinu).The alloy according to the invention has its optimum characteristics of use, in particular the best resistance to dissolution by brazing, if between the casting and the subsequent hot deformation, it undergoes a two-stage homogenization cycle:
- a) the first, by maintaining in the range 590-610 ° C for 2 to 36 hours,
- b) the second, by maintaining between 450 and 550 ° C between 30 minutes and 24 hours,
these two stages being separated or not by a return to ambient temperature (continuous or discontinuous cooling).
La méthode la plus simple et la plus économique consiste naturellement en un refroidissement lent et contrôlé entre les deux étapes a) et b).The simplest and most economical method naturally consists of slow and controlled cooling between the two stages a) and b).
Bien sûr, l'alliage peut être utilisé sous forme de produit homogène auquel, soit on applique la brasure lors du brasage proprement dit, ou qui est mis en contact avec un autre produit revêtu d'un alliage de brasage, ou, soit sous forme de produit composite, revêtu d'un alliage de brasage, obtenu, par exemple, par colaminage à chaud et/ou à froid (tôles ou bandes plaquées une ou deux faces).Of course, the alloy can be used in the form of a homogeneous product to which, either the brazing is applied during the actual brazing, or which is brought into contact with another product coated with a brazing alloy, or, either of composite product, coated with a brazing alloy, obtained, for example, by hot and / or cold co-laminating (sheets or strips plated one or two faces).
Bien que l'application principale de l'alliage soit le brasage, il peut également trouver des applications dans tous les cas où le matériau est porté momentanément à haute température, telles que ustensiles de cuisine, collecteurs solaires, enveloppes de pots d'échappement, etc....Although the main application of the alloy is brazing, it can also find applications in all cases where the material is brought temporarily to high temperature, such as kitchen utensils, solar collectors, muffler casings, etc ...
Les exemples suivants permettront d'illustrer les propriétés des alliages suivant l'invention.The following examples will illustrate the properties of the alloys according to the invention.
On réalise trois produits (1, 2 et 3) plaqués en trois couches, composées chacune d'un alliage d'âme et d'un alliage de brasure placé de part et d'autre de l'alliage d'âme avec l'épaisseur par face égale à 5% de l'épaisseur totale.Three products are produced (1, 2 and 3) plated in three layers, each composed of a core alloy and a brazing alloy placed on either side of the core alloy with the thickness per side equal to 5% of the total thickness.
Le produit 1 est un alliage 3003 plaqué d'alliage de brasure 4343.Product 1 is an alloy 3003 plated with solder alloy 4343.
Les produits 2 et 3 ont une âme dont la composition est conforme à l'invention; ils sont également plaqués d'alliage 4343.Products 2 and 3 have a core whose composition is in accordance with the invention; they are also plated with 4343 alloy.
Les alliages de brasure sont coulés par un procédé connu (coulée semi-continue) et laminés à chaud après réchauffage à 500°C jusqu'à l'épaisseur compatible avec l'épaisseur des produits plaqués.The brazing alloys are cast by a known process (semi-continuous casting) and hot rolled after reheating at 500 ° C to a thickness compatible with the thickness of the plated products.
Les alliages d'âme sont également coulés en plaques (coulée semi-continue).The core alloys are also cast in plates (semi-continuous casting).
En ce qui concerne les alliages d'âme des produits 2 et 3, on effectue ensuite un traitement thermique d'homogénéisation avec maintien de 20 h à 600°C, suivi d'un refroidissement jusqu'à 500°C (20°C/h).With regard to the core alloys of products 2 and 3, a homogenization heat treatment is then carried out with maintenance of 20 h at 600 ° C, followed by cooling to 500 ° C (20 ° C / h).
Après réchauffage à 500°C d'un empilement formé par la plaque de l'un des alliages d'âme 1 à 3, entouré sur ses deux grandes faces d'une tôle en alliage de brasure de composition indiquée ci-dessus, on lamine à chaud de façon à obtenir une ébauche plaquée.After reheating to 500 ° C of a stack formed by the plate of one of the core alloys 1 to 3, surrounded on its two large faces with a sheet of brazing alloy of the composition indicated above, it is laminated hot so as to obtain a plated blank.
La bande plaquée ainsi obtenue est ensuite laminée à froid et les tôles composites ainsi obtenues sont ensuite recuites à l'épaisseurfinale. Le brasage est effectué en bain de flux après un préchauffage des produits de plusieurs heures à une température légèrement inférieure à 570°C.The clad strip thus obtained is then cold rolled and the composite sheets thus obtained are then annealed to the final thickness. Brazing is carried out in a flow bath after preheating the products for several hours at a temperature slightly below 570 ° C.
L'immersion dans le bain de sel porté à 600°C a une durée de deux heures.Immersion in the salt bath brought to 600 ° C has a duration of two hours.
Le refroidissement après brasage est de 30°C par heure.Cooling after brazing is 30 ° C per hour.
Après le cycle de brasage, les propriétés mécaniques suivantes sont obtenues sur le métal constituant l'âme du produit:
On utilise les mêmes alliages d'âme. La brasure utilisée a la même composition que celle de l'exemple 1, mais avec une addition de 0,3% de cuivre. Les produits plaqués sont obtenus par la même technique de transformation que celle décrite dans l'exemple 1, avec pour seule différence, une épaisseur de placage par face de 15% de l'épaisseur totale obtenue.The same core alloys are used. The solder used has the same composition as that of Example 1, but with the addition of 0.3% copper. The plated products are obtained by the same processing technique as that described in Example 1, with the only difference, a plating thickness per side of 15% of the total thickness obtained.
Après brasage, dans les mêmes conditions que dans l'exemple 1, les propriétés obtenues sont pratiquement les mêmes, en ce qui concerne les alliages d'âme, que dans l'exemple 1.After brazing, under the same conditions as in Example 1, the properties obtained are practically the same, as regards the core alloys, as in Example 1.
On réalise un composite plaqué (épaisseur de placage par face étant de 10% de l'épaisseur totale) dont l'âme a une composition conforme à l'invention et un placage contenant (% en poids): 9,5% Si, 1 % Mg, 0,30% Fe, 0,30% Bi, reste AI.A plated composite is produced (plating thickness per side being 10% of the total thickness), the core of which has a composition in accordance with the invention and a plating containing (% by weight): 9.5% Si, 1 % Mg, 0.30% Fe, 0.30% Bi, remains AI.
La transformation des produits plaqués est effectuée de la même façon que dans l'exemple 1, sauf en ce qui concerne l'homogénéisation complétée par un maintien de 20 h à 500°C.The transformation of the plated products is carried out in the same way as in Example 1, except with regard to homogenization supplemented by keeping it for 20 h at 500 ° C.
Le cycle de brasage comporte un échauffement sous vide de 1,33 à 13,3 mPa à une température de 560°C, de façon à homogénéiser la température de l'assemblage à braser, puis un maintien de deux heures dans l'intervalle de température de brasage (580-590°C), de façon à assurer au coeur de l'assemblage le passage à l'état liquide de la brasure, toujours sous vide. Le refroidissement est ensuite effectué dans le four de brasage, puis à l'air, avec une vitesse de refroidissement suffisamment lente pour assurer l'équilibre thermique au sein de l'appareil.The brazing cycle includes heating under vacuum from 1.33 to 13.3 mPa at a temperature of 560 ° C., so as to homogenize the temperature of the assembly to be brazed, then maintaining for two hours in the interval between brazing temperature (580-590 ° C), so as to ensure that the solder passes through the liquid state, always under vacuum. The cooling is then carried out in the brazing furnace, then in air, with a cooling rate sufficiently slow to ensure thermal equilibrium within the device.
Les caractéristiques mécaniques du métal d'âme obtenues sont les suivantes:
Claims (4)
Priority Applications (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| AT81902622T ATE7406T1 (en) | 1980-09-11 | 1981-09-09 | PROCESS FOR PRODUCTION OF A BRAZABLE ALUMINUM ALLOY. |
Applications Claiming Priority (2)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| FR8019876 | 1980-09-11 | ||
| FR8019876A FR2489845B1 (en) | 1980-09-11 | 1980-09-11 | BRAZABLE ALUMINUM ALLOY AND MANUFACTURING METHOD THEREOF |
Publications (2)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| EP0059742A1 EP0059742A1 (en) | 1982-09-15 |
| EP0059742B1 true EP0059742B1 (en) | 1984-05-09 |
Family
ID=9245945
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| EP81902622A Expired EP0059742B1 (en) | 1980-09-11 | 1981-09-09 | Method for manufacturing a brazable aluminium alloy |
Country Status (9)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| EP (1) | EP0059742B1 (en) |
| JP (1) | JPS6050867B2 (en) |
| BE (1) | BE890261A (en) |
| CA (1) | CA1158074A (en) |
| DE (1) | DE3163515D1 (en) |
| ES (1) | ES8206652A1 (en) |
| FR (1) | FR2489845B1 (en) |
| IT (1) | IT1139424B (en) |
| WO (1) | WO1982001014A1 (en) |
Families Citing this family (7)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| FR2614901B1 (en) * | 1987-05-05 | 1992-07-24 | Cegedur | ALUMINUM ALLOYS FOR BRAZED HEAT EXCHANGER |
| DE69531229T2 (en) * | 1994-12-19 | 2004-06-03 | Corus Aluminium Walzprodukte Gmbh | brazing |
| EP1165851A1 (en) * | 1999-03-01 | 2002-01-02 | Alcan International Limited | Aa6000 aluminium sheet method |
| DE10049315A1 (en) * | 1999-10-25 | 2001-04-26 | Solvay Fluor & Derivate | Fluxing agent for soldering heat exchangers in the automobile industry is based on alkali fluoro aluminate and has a specified volume distribution of particles |
| US6756133B2 (en) | 2001-03-02 | 2004-06-29 | Pechiney Rolled Products Llc | High temperature aluminum alloy brazing sheet and methods of manufacturing and uses therefor |
| FR2862984B1 (en) * | 2003-11-28 | 2006-11-03 | Pechiney Rhenalu | ALUMINUM ALLOY BAND FOR SOLDERING |
| US20090266530A1 (en) | 2008-04-24 | 2009-10-29 | Nicholas Charles Parson | Aluminum Alloy For Extrusion And Drawing Processes |
Citations (5)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US3647296A (en) * | 1969-03-07 | 1972-03-07 | Pavelle Corp | Light-monitoring device for use with color photographic apparatus |
| DE2226542A1 (en) * | 1971-06-04 | 1972-12-14 | Eastman Kodak Co., Rochester, N.Y. (V.St.A.) | Arrangement for determining the local optical density of an original image for a device for exposure control |
| FR2316347A1 (en) * | 1975-06-30 | 1977-01-28 | Metallgesellschaft Ag | APPLICATION OF A PLASTIC ALUMINUM ALLOY |
| US4175855A (en) * | 1974-04-04 | 1979-11-27 | Terminal Data Corporation | Electronic exposure control |
| US4199252A (en) * | 1977-09-20 | 1980-04-22 | Vermeulen Dirk J | Photographic enlarging exposure meters |
Family Cites Families (4)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| GB498227A (en) * | 1937-06-04 | 1939-01-04 | Hubert Sutton | Improvements in or relating to aluminium alloys |
| GB572672A (en) * | 1941-08-21 | 1945-10-18 | Tennyson Fraser Bradbury | Heat treatment of multiple aluminium alloys |
| GB614898A (en) * | 1946-08-13 | 1948-12-23 | Robert Martin Bradbury | A new aluminium base alloy |
| CH640273A5 (en) * | 1978-02-24 | 1983-12-30 | Alusuisse | Corrosion-resistant aluminium alloy |
-
1980
- 1980-09-11 FR FR8019876A patent/FR2489845B1/en not_active Expired
-
1981
- 1981-09-04 IT IT23796/81A patent/IT1139424B/en active
- 1981-09-08 BE BE0/205894A patent/BE890261A/en not_active IP Right Cessation
- 1981-09-09 DE DE8181902622T patent/DE3163515D1/en not_active Expired
- 1981-09-09 WO PCT/FR1981/000116 patent/WO1982001014A1/en not_active Application Discontinuation
- 1981-09-09 EP EP81902622A patent/EP0059742B1/en not_active Expired
- 1981-09-09 JP JP56502957A patent/JPS6050867B2/en not_active Expired
- 1981-09-10 ES ES505369A patent/ES8206652A1/en not_active Expired
- 1981-09-10 CA CA000385625A patent/CA1158074A/en not_active Expired
Patent Citations (5)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US3647296A (en) * | 1969-03-07 | 1972-03-07 | Pavelle Corp | Light-monitoring device for use with color photographic apparatus |
| DE2226542A1 (en) * | 1971-06-04 | 1972-12-14 | Eastman Kodak Co., Rochester, N.Y. (V.St.A.) | Arrangement for determining the local optical density of an original image for a device for exposure control |
| US4175855A (en) * | 1974-04-04 | 1979-11-27 | Terminal Data Corporation | Electronic exposure control |
| FR2316347A1 (en) * | 1975-06-30 | 1977-01-28 | Metallgesellschaft Ag | APPLICATION OF A PLASTIC ALUMINUM ALLOY |
| US4199252A (en) * | 1977-09-20 | 1980-04-22 | Vermeulen Dirk J | Photographic enlarging exposure meters |
Non-Patent Citations (1)
| Title |
|---|
| Society of Photo-Optical Instrumentation Engineers; Proceedings of the annual technical symposium, 15th Proc. 14-17 September 1970, published in 1971 (US), G.A. Micanek, "Parameters for optimized microfilm equipment systems design", see pages 355, 357-363 * |
Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| FR2489845B1 (en) | 1986-06-06 |
| FR2489845A1 (en) | 1982-03-12 |
| ES505369A0 (en) | 1982-08-16 |
| IT8123796A0 (en) | 1981-09-04 |
| CA1158074A (en) | 1983-12-06 |
| BE890261A (en) | 1982-03-08 |
| DE3163515D1 (en) | 1984-06-14 |
| JPS6050867B2 (en) | 1985-11-11 |
| JPS57501385A (en) | 1982-08-05 |
| WO1982001014A1 (en) | 1982-04-01 |
| IT1139424B (en) | 1986-09-24 |
| ES8206652A1 (en) | 1982-08-16 |
| EP0059742A1 (en) | 1982-09-15 |
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Legal Events
| Date | Code | Title | Description |
|---|---|---|---|
| PUAI | Public reference made under article 153(3) epc to a published international application that has entered the european phase |
Free format text: ORIGINAL CODE: 0009012 |
|
| 17P | Request for examination filed |
Effective date: 19820506 |
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