EP0054404A1 - Verfahren zur Herstellung eines Formkörpers - Google Patents

Verfahren zur Herstellung eines Formkörpers Download PDF

Info

Publication number
EP0054404A1
EP0054404A1 EP81305803A EP81305803A EP0054404A1 EP 0054404 A1 EP0054404 A1 EP 0054404A1 EP 81305803 A EP81305803 A EP 81305803A EP 81305803 A EP81305803 A EP 81305803A EP 0054404 A1 EP0054404 A1 EP 0054404A1
Authority
EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
preform
final
cavity
dimension
article
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Withdrawn
Application number
EP81305803A
Other languages
English (en)
French (fr)
Inventor
Walter J. Rozmus
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Kelsey Hayes Co
Original Assignee
Kelsey Hayes Co
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Kelsey Hayes Co filed Critical Kelsey Hayes Co
Publication of EP0054404A1 publication Critical patent/EP0054404A1/de
Withdrawn legal-status Critical Current

Links

Images

Classifications

    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B30—PRESSES
    • B30B—PRESSES IN GENERAL
    • B30B11/00—Presses specially adapted for forming shaped articles from material in particulate or plastic state, e.g. briquetting presses, tabletting presses
    • B30B11/005—Control arrangements
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B22—CASTING; POWDER METALLURGY
    • B22F—WORKING METALLIC POWDER; MANUFACTURE OF ARTICLES FROM METALLIC POWDER; MAKING METALLIC POWDER; APPARATUS OR DEVICES SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR METALLIC POWDER
    • B22F3/00—Manufacture of workpieces or articles from metallic powder characterised by the manner of compacting or sintering; Apparatus specially adapted therefor ; Presses and furnaces
    • B22F3/02—Compacting only
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B22—CASTING; POWDER METALLURGY
    • B22F—WORKING METALLIC POWDER; MANUFACTURE OF ARTICLES FROM METALLIC POWDER; MAKING METALLIC POWDER; APPARATUS OR DEVICES SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR METALLIC POWDER
    • B22F3/00—Manufacture of workpieces or articles from metallic powder characterised by the manner of compacting or sintering; Apparatus specially adapted therefor ; Presses and furnaces
    • B22F3/12—Both compacting and sintering

Definitions

  • This invention relates to a method of forming an article to a final form in a cavity which surrounds the article to define the final desired form of the article. Such forming is accomplished in forging and like processes. Although applicable to forging and like processes, the subject invention has particular utility and will be described in connection with forming an article by the hot consolidation of powder material.
  • Hot consolidation can be accomplished by filling a container with a powder to be consolidated.
  • the container is usually evacuated prior to filling and then hermetically sealed. Heat and pressure are applied to the filled and sealed container. At elevated temperatures, the container functions as a pressure-transmitting medium to subject the powder to the pressure applied to- the container. Simultaneously, the heat causes the powder to fuse by sintering.
  • the combination of heat and pressure causes consolidation of the powder into a substantially fully densified and fused mass in which the individual powder particles change shape as they are forced together and are united into a substantially homogeneous mass.
  • the container is removed from the densified powder compact or preform and the preform is then further processed through one or more steps, such as forging, machining, grinding and/or heat treating.
  • the final configuration may vary from compacted part to compacted part.
  • the density of the powder may vary from one fill to the next.
  • the particle size may differ from one fill to the next. All of these factors can contribute to parts being below or above tolerances when it is, of course, desirable to consistently produce part after part with the same shape or form with the same amount of material or mass in each part.
  • Another problem which occurs is that when the part is compacted between two dies, flash may occur on the part at the parting line of the two dies. This flash, of course, must be removed in a subsequent operation.
  • the subject invention provides a method of forming an article to a final form in a final cavity completely surrounding and having the final form of the article.
  • the method includes the steps of forming-a preform having the general shape of the final form of the article, measuring the amount of material contained in the preform, removing any material from the preform in excess of the amount of material required to completely fill the volume of the final cavity and enclosing the preform in the final cavity to completely surround the preform and conform the preform to the shape of the cavity to produce the final form of the article.
  • the subject invention may be utilized for shaping parts by forging or in any other process where a part is to be conformed to the shape of a cavity.
  • the invention has particular utility and will be described in connection with the hot consolidation of various metallic powders and nonmetallic powders, as well as combinations thereof, to form a densified powder article.
  • the invention may be utilized to consolidate metallic powder into complex shapes by utilizing a "fluid die” or "thick-walled" container of the type described in United States Patent 4,142,888 granted March 6, 1979 in the name of Walter J. Rozmus, the disclosure of which is hereby incorporated by reference.
  • a thick-walled container is of sufficient thickness so that the exterior surface of the walls do not closely follow the contour or shape of the cavity. This insures that sufficient container material is provided so that, upon the appli-- cation of heat and pressure, the container material will act like a fluid to apply hyrdostatic pressure to the powder in the cavity.
  • the use of a thick-walled container produces a near-net shape having close dimensional tolerances with a minimum of distortion.
  • Step 1 is the forming of a preform having the general shape and mass of the final form of the article.
  • Step 2 includes measuring the amount of material or mass of the material contained in the preform resulting from Step 1.
  • Step 3 includes removing any material or mass from the preform in excess of the amount of material or mass required to completely fill the volume of the final cavity.
  • Step 5 is the enclosing of the preform in the final cavity to completely surround the preform and conform the preform to the shape of the final'cavity to produce the final form of the article.
  • Step 1 shows a thick-walled container formed by at least two mating container parts 12 and 14.
  • the container parts 12 and 14 define a cavity 16 in which powder 18 is disposed for consolidation. As illustrated, the container parts 12 and 14 define the cavity 16 when they are mated together at the mating surfaces 20, as by welding.
  • the densified or compacted preform 18 may be of various complex shapes. As illustrated in Step 1, there is shown a cross section through the container and the - compacted preform illustrating a cross section of.the preform which is elongated or oval. The final shape or form of the article, by way of illustration, will be circular as illustrated in Step 5. Although it will be appreciated that various shapes may be produced in accordance with the subject invention and that the shapes along the longitudinal axis of a given part may change significantly.
  • Step 1 a quantity of powder 18 is encapsulated in a cavity 16 in a thick walled container defined by the parts 12 and 14 with the container having walls entirely surrounding the cavity 16 and of sufficient thickness so as not to closely follow the contour of the cavity 16 and of a material which is substantially fully dense and incompressible and capable of plastic flow at elevated temperatures.
  • the container defined by the parts 12 and 14 is generally rectangular in cross section and does not follow the contour of the cavity 16 as there are different thicknesses of the container about the cavity 16.
  • the container parts 12 and 14 and the powder are heated to a temperature at which the powder 18 will densify.
  • External pressure- is applied to the entire exterior surface of the container parts 12 and 14 thereby causing plastic flow of the container parts 12 and 14 to subject the powder to hydrostatic pressure which causes the powder to densify into a preform.
  • the pressure is applied to the container parts 12 and 14 by placing the container parts within a constraining cavity in a press die 22 and applying downward pressure to the container parts 12 and 14 by a ram 24 of a press- This is accomplished in accordance with the teachings of the aforementioned United States Patent 4,142,888.
  • the preform 18 is then removed from the container parts 12 and 14. This may be accomplished by various means such as etching, pickling, machining, etc.
  • One very satisfactory method of removing the preform 18 from the container parts 12 and 14 is by melting the container material from about the preform 18.
  • the container parts 12 and 14 may be formed from a material which melts at a combination of temperature and time at that temperature which combination would not undesirably or adversely affect the properties of the powder preform 18, i.e., after having been consolidated to define the densified powder compacted preform 18.
  • the container may be made from a metal such as copper. This may be accomplished in accordance with the teachings of United States Patent Application Serial No. 173,648 filed July 30, 1980 in the name of J. R. Lizenby and assigned to the assignee of the subject invention.
  • the amount of material or mass contained in the preform is measured. This may be accomplished by weighing the preform in Step 2. Thereafter, the method includes the step of removing any material about the exterior of the preform 18 which is in excess of the amount of material in the final desired form of the article. The material may be removed in Step 3 by passing the preform 18 through an etching bath. The preform would be submerged in a solution in an etching bath under predetermined conditions to remove the proper material or mass from the preform. The predetermined conditions would include the temperature of the solution, the electrical current passing through the solution and the time the preform is submerged within the solution.
  • Step 4 illustrates the enclosing of the preform 18 in the final cavity 26 to completely surround the preform 18 and conform the preform 18 to the shape of the final cavity 26 to produce the final form of the article 28.
  • the preform 18 is enclosed in the final cavity 26 by placing the heated preform between dies 30 of a press.
  • the dies 30 define the final cavity 26 and the closing of the dies 30 apply pressure to the preform 18 to form it into the final form of the article 28.
  • the dies 30 may be placed in a variety of well-known presses.
  • the preform 18 is formed so as to have a greater dimension in a first direction therethrough (vertical as shown) than the final desired dimension in the first (vertical) direction through the final form 28.
  • the preform 18 is also formed to have a lesser dimension in a second direction (horizontal) transverse to the first direction than the final desired dimension in the second direction (horizontal) through the final form 28.
  • the cross-sectional configuration of the preform 18 is oblong or oval whereas the cross-sectional configuration of the . final form is circular.
  • the preform 18 is enclosed in the dies 30 by closing the dies 30 to initially apply pressure to the preform 18 in the first direction which is vertical as illustrated.
  • the dies 30 first contact the ends of the oblong shape to initially apply pressure to the preform 18 in the first or vertical direction to decrease the dimension in'the first or vertical direction to the final desired dimension of the article 28.
  • the dies-30 move together, they initially engage the preform at the intentionally oversize dimension in the direction of the closing of the dies and, since the other transverse dimension between the sides is smaller than required, that dimension grows or increases.
  • the dies 30 engage one another at the parting line therebetween.
  • preform 18 In many instances it will be desirable to initially form the preform 18 with a greater amount of material or mass than the amount of material in the final form of the article 28. This will prevent forming preforms 18 which are unusable because of less material or mass than desired in the final article 28.
  • the final cavity 26 is final only in that it provides the final shape of the desired article but the term does not mean that the article 28 may not be processed further to undergo further processing. It should also be appreciated that in the removal step, particularly when processing articles of complex shapes, different portions of the articles may have proportionally different amounts of material removed therefrom than other portions of the article. The importance being to remove material from the preform 18 so that the different portions of the preform are in proportion to the final cavity 26 and that the total volume in terms of material or mass of the preform is precisely the same as the volume of the final cavity 26.
  • the preform may also be formed in an autoclave instead of a press.

Landscapes

  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • Manufacturing & Machinery (AREA)
  • Forging (AREA)
  • Powder Metallurgy (AREA)
EP81305803A 1980-12-16 1981-12-09 Verfahren zur Herstellung eines Formkörpers Withdrawn EP0054404A1 (de)

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
US21684480A 1980-12-16 1980-12-16
US216844 1994-03-24

Publications (1)

Publication Number Publication Date
EP0054404A1 true EP0054404A1 (de) 1982-06-23

Family

ID=22808724

Family Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
EP81305803A Withdrawn EP0054404A1 (de) 1980-12-16 1981-12-09 Verfahren zur Herstellung eines Formkörpers

Country Status (3)

Country Link
EP (1) EP0054404A1 (de)
JP (1) JPS5853043B2 (de)
CA (1) CA1172015A (de)

Cited By (2)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
EP0540771A1 (de) * 1991-11-05 1993-05-12 Ucar Carbon Technology Corporation Verfahren zum isostatischen Pressen
CN108555302A (zh) * 2018-01-22 2018-09-21 华中科技大学 一种非晶合金零件的冷增材/热锻造复合成形方法

Families Citing this family (5)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
JPS6117058U (ja) * 1984-07-06 1986-01-31 株式会社吉野工業所 壜体の蓋栓構造
JPH0226849Y2 (de) * 1984-09-07 1990-07-20
JPS61123052U (de) * 1985-01-21 1986-08-02
JPH0414364Y2 (de) * 1986-11-13 1992-03-31
JPH031865U (de) * 1989-05-29 1991-01-10

Citations (6)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
FR2015955A1 (de) * 1968-08-20 1970-04-30 Krebsoege Gmbh Sintermetall
US3866303A (en) * 1973-06-27 1975-02-18 Bethlehem Steel Corp Method of making cross-rolled powder metal discs
DE2724524A1 (de) * 1976-06-03 1977-12-08 Kelsey Hayes Co Behaelter zum heissverdichten von pulver
GB1495705A (en) * 1973-12-18 1977-12-21 Dain R Making steel articles from powder
FR2399394A1 (fr) * 1977-08-05 1979-03-02 Thomson Csf Procede de frittage sous pression, sans moule, son application a l'obtention de ferrites polycristallins, et appareillage de mise en oeuvre dudit procede
US4142888A (en) * 1976-06-03 1979-03-06 Kelsey-Hayes Company Container for hot consolidating powder

Family Cites Families (2)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
JPS51144361A (en) * 1975-06-09 1976-12-11 Komatsu Mfg Co Ltd Forging metal mold unit
JPS55156631A (en) * 1979-05-25 1980-12-05 Mitsubishi Heavy Ind Ltd Forming method of axis-symmetrical parts

Patent Citations (7)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
FR2015955A1 (de) * 1968-08-20 1970-04-30 Krebsoege Gmbh Sintermetall
US3785038A (en) * 1968-08-20 1974-01-15 Krebsoege Gmbh Sintermetall Process of working a sintered powder metal compact
US3866303A (en) * 1973-06-27 1975-02-18 Bethlehem Steel Corp Method of making cross-rolled powder metal discs
GB1495705A (en) * 1973-12-18 1977-12-21 Dain R Making steel articles from powder
DE2724524A1 (de) * 1976-06-03 1977-12-08 Kelsey Hayes Co Behaelter zum heissverdichten von pulver
US4142888A (en) * 1976-06-03 1979-03-06 Kelsey-Hayes Company Container for hot consolidating powder
FR2399394A1 (fr) * 1977-08-05 1979-03-02 Thomson Csf Procede de frittage sous pression, sans moule, son application a l'obtention de ferrites polycristallins, et appareillage de mise en oeuvre dudit procede

Cited By (2)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
EP0540771A1 (de) * 1991-11-05 1993-05-12 Ucar Carbon Technology Corporation Verfahren zum isostatischen Pressen
CN108555302A (zh) * 2018-01-22 2018-09-21 华中科技大学 一种非晶合金零件的冷增材/热锻造复合成形方法

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
JPS57126902A (en) 1982-08-06
CA1172015A (en) 1984-08-07
JPS5853043B2 (ja) 1983-11-26

Similar Documents

Publication Publication Date Title
US4341557A (en) Method of hot consolidating powder with a recyclable container material
US4526748A (en) Hot consolidation of powder metal-floating shaping inserts
CA1045768A (en) Methods of powder metal formation
US4142888A (en) Container for hot consolidating powder
US4599215A (en) Process and device for producing compressed mouldings from loose or sintered metal powder
US3631583A (en) Method for producing substantially solid extrusions from powdered metal
EP0054404A1 (de) Verfahren zur Herstellung eines Formkörpers
US3841870A (en) Method of making articles from powdered material requiring forming at high temperature
US6592807B2 (en) Method of making a porous tire tread mold
USRE31355E (en) Method for hot consolidating powder
US3521326A (en) Powder metallurgy press apparatus
CA1090623A (en) Container for hot consolidating powder
US4255103A (en) Hot consolidation of powder metal-floating shaping inserts
US3706550A (en) Method for producing a metal die or mold
US3611546A (en) Method of highly-densifying powdered metal
US5250172A (en) Method to fabricate metallic containers by electroplating for use in hot isostatic pressing of metallic and/or ceramic powders
EP0094164A1 (de) Verfahren zur Verdichtung von Materialien unter Verwendung eines gegossenen Druckübertragungsmediums
US2510546A (en) Manufacture of precision articles from powdered material
US2964400A (en) Method of and apparatus for making articles from powdered metal briquets
US5623727A (en) Method for manufacturing powder metallurgical tooling
JPS6111282B2 (de)
RU2151025C1 (ru) Способ изготовления горячедеформированных порошковых материалов
JPH03126804A (ja) 焼結金属によるデュアルフォーム方法
JPS6212196B2 (de)
SU872028A1 (ru) Способ прессовки металлических порошков

Legal Events

Date Code Title Description
PUAI Public reference made under article 153(3) epc to a published international application that has entered the european phase

Free format text: ORIGINAL CODE: 0009012

AK Designated contracting states

Designated state(s): AT BE CH DE FR GB IT LU NL SE

17P Request for examination filed

Effective date: 19820910

STAA Information on the status of an ep patent application or granted ep patent

Free format text: STATUS: THE APPLICATION IS DEEMED TO BE WITHDRAWN

18D Application deemed to be withdrawn

Effective date: 19840509

RIN1 Information on inventor provided before grant (corrected)

Inventor name: ROZMUS, WALTER J.