EP0049442A1 - Foam extinguishing concentrate and use thereof - Google Patents
Foam extinguishing concentrate and use thereof Download PDFInfo
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- EP0049442A1 EP0049442A1 EP81107665A EP81107665A EP0049442A1 EP 0049442 A1 EP0049442 A1 EP 0049442A1 EP 81107665 A EP81107665 A EP 81107665A EP 81107665 A EP81107665 A EP 81107665A EP 0049442 A1 EP0049442 A1 EP 0049442A1
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- fluorosurfactant
- hydrocarbon surfactant
- aliphatic carboxylic
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A62—LIFE-SAVING; FIRE-FIGHTING
- A62D—CHEMICAL MEANS FOR EXTINGUISHING FIRES OR FOR COMBATING OR PROTECTING AGAINST HARMFUL CHEMICAL AGENTS; CHEMICAL MATERIALS FOR USE IN BREATHING APPARATUS
- A62D1/00—Fire-extinguishing compositions; Use of chemical substances in extinguishing fires
- A62D1/0071—Foams
- A62D1/0085—Foams containing perfluoroalkyl-terminated surfactant
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- the present invention relates to a film-forming foam extinguishing concentrate which, in addition to water, contains at least one hydrocarbon surfactant and at least one fluorosurfactant compatible therewith.
- Ready-to-use fire extinguishing agent solutions are generally prepared from foam concentrate by mixing with about 16 to 50 times the amount of water and then foamed by incorporating air or another non-flammable gas.
- Modern fire extinguishing agents based on synthetic surfactants often contain boundary and surface active fluorine compounds (fluorosurfactants) as an essential component. These cause the foam generated from the fire extinguishing agent to float when used on burning hydrocarbons on a thin aqueous film (density about 1 gjcm 3 ) and this film despite the lower density of the hydrocarbon (about 0.7 to 0.9 g / cm 3 ) does not drop below this.
- the film formation also has the effect that the evaporation of flammable liquids is effectively prevented. Since the flames are not replenished, they can be extinguished more quickly. At the same time, re-ignition is prevented by glowing parts located nearby.
- AFFF agents aqueous film forming foam
- hydrocarbons e.g. gasoline
- airports used by the military and in the petroleum industry (refineries).
- AFFF agents arises from the fact that the fluorosurfactants lower the surface tension of aqueous solutions to such an extent that they wet and spread onto non-polar and water-immiscible solvents, although some of these solvents are significantly lighter than water.
- aqueous solutions containing fluorosurfactant can spread spontaneously on the surface of liquid hydrocarbons (or other water-immiscible solvents) if the surface tension is below the critical surface tension for wetting. This criterion has been given by Harkins (J.Am.Chem. Soc. 44, 1922, p. 2665).
- fluorosurfactants examples include fluorosurfactants and thus compatible hydrocarbon surfactants.
- the fire extinguishing agents mentioned thus work in two directions. They serve as primary fire extinguishing agents in the form of foams to cover the source of the fire. Since they are film-forming, they prevent the development of flammable vapors and prevent the re-ignition of flammable substances or, if used prophylactically, prevent inflammation at all.
- the time of propagation on a certain hydrocarbon under standard conditions can be used as a measure of the ability of the film to form and of the sealing capacity.
- the disadvantage of this method is that, strictly speaking, it only allows statements to be made about a specific hydrocarbon.
- short propagation times also require a good seal through the water film.
- the foam stability e.g. measured as a semi-water target in accordance with DIN 14 272
- the number of foams in fire extinguishing technology are of primary importance for the characterization of extinguishing foam. Both parameters are measured on freshly made foam.
- Various methods are possible for foaming. However, the selected method should be retained within a series of measurements:
- the volume of the freshly prepared foam is measured.
- the foaming number then results as the ratio of volume of foam to volume of starting solution.
- Freshly made foam is observed and the water separation is measured as a function of time.
- the time in which half of the originally used aqueous phase was excreted is noted as the half-time in the water.
- the object was therefore to create foam concentrates with improved spreading time, which have high foam stability and which can be used in the heavy and medium foam area.
- the amount of carboxylic acid which has the most favorable effect can be determined in each case by simple experiments. In general, contents of aliphatic carboxylic acids of 0.01 to 4% by weight (based on the sum of hydrocarbon surfactant and fluorosurfactant) are sufficient.
- Branched and unbranched aliphatic carboxylic acids can be used.
- the nonanoic acids in particular the branched nonanoic acids, are preferred.
- the aliphatic carboxylic acids can be incorporated in the form of the free acids or as salts of monovalent bases, for example in the form of the alkali or ammonium salts.
- the foam concentrates according to the invention can also contain other additives such as Contain antifreeze, foam stabilizers, preservatives or anti-corrosion agents.
- the compatibility of the surfactants should be understood here to mean that fluorine-containing and fluorine-free surfactants do not react to form an inactive product.
- a non-ionic fluoroaliphatic surfactant can be mixed with a non-ionic, an ionic or a cationic hydrocarbon surfactant;
- a non-ionic hydrocarbon surfactant is compatible with all three types of fluorosurfactant.
- a cationic surfactant is often incompatible with an anionic surfactant.
- fluorosurfactant and hydrocarbon surfactant can be cationic, anionic, amphoteric (betainic) or non-ionic. However, it is preferred if the hydrocarbon surfactant is cationic, betaine or non-ionic and also the fluorosurfactant is cationic, betaine or non-ionic.
- FC 206 means a commercial product sold by 3M Deutschland GmbH, which contains hydrocarbon and fluorine surfactants in addition to water and antifreeze. It follows that in the optimal range of 0 to 0.3% by weight of isononanoic acid, the propagation time is positively influenced without the other quality parameters being significantly impaired. It also appears that in the present case an addition of 0.6 percent by weight of isononanoic acid is too high because the propagation time is worsened.
- Curve 1 shows the course of the water half-time (WHZ) in minutes, curve 2 the spreading time in seconds and curve 3 the foaming number (VZ) depending on the concentration of iN onanoic acid.
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Abstract
Es werden filmbildende Schaumlöschkonzentrate beschrieben, die Wasser, mindestens ein Kohlenwasserstoff-Tensid, mindestens ein Fluortensid und noch geringe Mengen an aliphatischen Carbonsäuren der Formel CnH2n-1COOH mit n = 7 bis 9 oder deren Salze enthalten.Film-forming foam extinguishing concentrates are described which contain water, at least one hydrocarbon surfactant, at least one fluorosurfactant and still small amounts of aliphatic carboxylic acids of the formula CnH2n-1COOH with n = 7 to 9 or their salts.
Description
Die vorliegende Erfindung betrifft ein filmbildendes Schaumlöschkonzentrat, das neben Wasser mindestens ein Kohlenwasserstoff-Tensid und mindestens ein damit verträgliches Fluortensid enthält.The present invention relates to a film-forming foam extinguishing concentrate which, in addition to water, contains at least one hydrocarbon surfactant and at least one fluorosurfactant compatible therewith.
Gebrauchsfähige Feuerlöschmittel-Lösungen werden im allgemeinen aus Schaummittelkonzentraten durch Vermischen mit etwa der 16 bis 50-fachen Menge an Wasser hergestellt und anschließend durch Einarbeiten von Luft oder einem anderen unbrennbaren Gas verschäumt.Ready-to-use fire extinguishing agent solutions are generally prepared from foam concentrate by mixing with about 16 to 50 times the amount of water and then foamed by incorporating air or another non-flammable gas.
Moderne Feuerlöschmittel auf Basis synthetischer Tenside enthalten als wesentlichen Bestandteil häufig grenz-und oberflächenaktive Fluorverbindungen (Fluortenside). Diese bewirken, daß der aus dem Feuerlöschmittel erzeugte Schaum beim Einsatz auf brennenden Kohlenwasserstoffen auf einem dünnen wässrigen Film (Dichte etwa 1 gjcm3) schwimmt und dieser Film trotz der geringeren Dichte des Kohlenwasserstoffs (ca. 0,7 bis 0,9 g/cm3) nicht unter diesen sinkt. Die Filmbildung führt ferner dazu, daß die Verdampfung brennbarer Flüssigkeiten wirksam verhindert wird. Da die Flammen keinen Nachschub erhalten, können sie schneller gelöscht werden. Gleichzeitig wird ein Wiederentflammen durch in der Nähe befindliche glühende Teile verhindert.Modern fire extinguishing agents based on synthetic surfactants often contain boundary and surface active fluorine compounds (fluorosurfactants) as an essential component. These cause the foam generated from the fire extinguishing agent to float when used on burning hydrocarbons on a thin aqueous film (density about 1 gjcm 3 ) and this film despite the lower density of the hydrocarbon (about 0.7 to 0.9 g / cm 3 ) does not drop below this. The film formation also has the effect that the evaporation of flammable liquids is effectively prevented. Since the flames are not replenished, they can be extinguished more quickly. At the same time, re-ignition is prevented by glowing parts located nearby.
Solch AFFF-Mittel ("aqueous film forming foam") werden daher von den Feuerwehren gegen Brände von Kohlenwasserstoffen (z.B. Benzin) insbesondere auf Flughäfen. durch Militär und in der Mineralölindustrie (Raffinerien) eingesetzt.Such AFFF agents ("aqueous film forming foam") are therefore used by fire departments against fires of hydrocarbons (e.g. gasoline), especially at airports. used by the military and in the petroleum industry (refineries).
Die Wirkung der AFFF-Mittel kommt dadurch zustande, daß die Fluortenside die Oberflächenspannung wässriger Lösungen soweit erniedrigen, daß sie unpolare und mit Wasser nicht mischbare Lösungsmittel benetzen und sich darauf spreiten, obwohl derartige Lösungsmittel zum Teil bedeutend leichter als Wasser sind.The effect of the AFFF agents arises from the fact that the fluorosurfactants lower the surface tension of aqueous solutions to such an extent that they wet and spread onto non-polar and water-immiscible solvents, although some of these solvents are significantly lighter than water.
Herkömmliche Kohlenwasserstoff-Netzmittel können in wässriger Lösung die Oberflächenspannung nur auf ca. 0,00025 bis 0,00027 N/cm (oder 25-27 nM/m) erniedrigen. Mit speziellen Gemischen von Kohlenwasserstoff-Tensiden vermag man die Oberflächenspannung noch weiter auf 0,00022 bis 0,00024 N/cm zu erniedrigen (Miles et al J.Phys. Chem.48 1944, S.57). Fluortenside sind in der Lage, die Oberflächenspannung einer wässrigen Lösung jedoch auf etwa 0,00015 bis 0,0002 N/cm oder 15 bis 20 nM/m vermindern. Synergistische Wirkungen sind mit Gemischen von Fluortensiden und herkömmlichen Kohlenwasserstoff-Tensiden erreichbar (Klevens et al.J.Chem. Phys. 51 1954, S. 1 und Bernett et al Phys.Chem. 65 1961 S. 448).Conventional hydrocarbon wetting agents can only lower the surface tension to approx. 0.00025 to 0.00027 N / cm (or 25-27 nM / m) in aqueous solution. With special mixtures of hydrocarbon surfactants, the surface tension can be reduced even further to 0.00022 to 0.00024 N / cm (Miles et al. J. Phys. Chem. 48 1944, p. 57). Fluorosurfactants are able to reduce the surface tension of an aqueous solution to about 0.00015 to 0.0002 N / cm or 15 to 20 nM / m. Synergistic effects can be achieved with mixtures of fluorosurfactants and conventional hydrocarbon surfactants (Klevens et al. J. Chem. Phys. 51 1954, p. 1 and Bernett et al Phys. Chem. 65 1961 p. 448).
Wie bereits erwähnt können fluortensidhaltige wässrige Lösungen auf der Oberfläche flüssiger Kohlenwasserstoffe (oder anderer mit Wasser nicht mischbarer Lösungsmittel) spontan spreiten,sofern die Oberflächenspannung unter der kritischen Oberflächenspannung für die Benetzung liegt. Dieses Kriterium ist von Harkins (J.Am.Chem. Soc.44, 1922, S. 2665) angegeben worden.As already mentioned, aqueous solutions containing fluorosurfactant can spread spontaneously on the surface of liquid hydrocarbons (or other water-immiscible solvents) if the surface tension is below the critical surface tension for wetting. This criterion has been given by Harkins (J.Am.Chem. Soc. 44, 1922, p. 2665).
Die heute an ein AFFF-Mittel gestellten Anforderungen werden in den meisten Ländern von den Hauptverbrauchern , zu denen das Militär zählt, aufgestellt. Die wichtigsten AFFF-Spezifikationen sind daher in der US-Navy Military Specification MIL-F-24385 und deren späteren Ergänzungen niedergelegt.The requirements of AFFF funds today are set in most countries by the main consumers, which include the military. The most important AFFF specifications are therefore set out in the U.S. Navy Military Specification MIL-F-24385 and its subsequent additions.
Beispiele für Fluortenside und damit verträgliche Kohlenwasserstoff-Tenside finden sich in der DE-AS 19 20 625.Examples of fluorosurfactants and thus compatible hydrocarbon surfactants can be found in DE-AS 19 20 625.
Die genannten Feuerlöschmittel wirken somit in zwei - Richtungen. Sie dienen einmal als primäre Feuerlöschmittel in.Form von Schäumen zum Abdecken des Brandherdes. Da sie filmbildend sind, verhindern sie eine Entwicklung brennbarer Dämpfe und verhindern eine Neuzündung von brennbarem Stoffen oder verhindern - prophylaktisch angewandt - überhaupt eine Entzündung.The fire extinguishing agents mentioned thus work in two directions. They serve as primary fire extinguishing agents in the form of foams to cover the source of the fire. Since they are film-forming, they prevent the development of flammable vapors and prevent the re-ignition of flammable substances or, if used prophylactically, prevent inflammation at all.
Als Maß für die Fähigkeit der Filmbildung und des Abdichtungsvermögens kann die Ausbreitungszeit auf einem bestimmten Kohlenwasserstoff unter Standardbedingungen herangezogen werden. Nachteilig an dieser Methode ist, daß sie strenggenommen nur Aussagen für einen bestimmten Kohlenwasserstoff erlaubt. Andererseits ist von Vorteil, daß bei dieser Methode das interessierende Verhalten des Löschmittels in einem praxisnahen Test erfaßt wird Im Brandfall hängt nämlich die Geschwindigkeit mit der bei einem Brand der Löschschaum und der Film in die äußeren Ecken der Brandflächen gelangen kann, direkt von der beobachteten Meßgröße ab. Ferner bedingen kurze Ausbreitungszeiten auch eine gute Abdichtung durch den Wasserfilm.The time of propagation on a certain hydrocarbon under standard conditions can be used as a measure of the ability of the film to form and of the sealing capacity. The disadvantage of this method is that, strictly speaking, it only allows statements to be made about a specific hydrocarbon. On the other hand, it is an advantage that with this method the behavior of the extinguishing agent of interest is recorded in a practical test from. In addition, short propagation times also require a good seal through the water film.
Neben der Ausbreitungszeit des Löschmittels sind für die Charakterisierung eines Löschschaumes in erster Linie noch die Schaumstabilität (z.B. gemessen als Wasserhalbziel nach DIN 14 272) und die Verschäumungszahl in der Feuerlöschtechnik von Bedeutung. Beide Kenngrößen werden an frisch hergestelltem Schaum gemessen. Für das Aufschäumen sind verschiedene Methoden möglich. Das gewählte Verfahren soll jedoch innerhalb einer Meßreihe beibehalten werden:In addition to the spreading time of the extinguishing agent, the foam stability (e.g. measured as a semi-water target in accordance with DIN 14 272) and the number of foams in fire extinguishing technology are of primary importance for the characterization of extinguishing foam. Both parameters are measured on freshly made foam. Various methods are possible for foaming. However, the selected method should be retained within a series of measurements:
Das Volumen des frisch bereiteten Schaumes wird gemessen. Die Verschäumungszahl ergibt sich dann als Verhältnis VolumenSchaum : VolumenAusgangslösung. The volume of the freshly prepared foam is measured. The foaming number then results as the ratio of volume of foam to volume of starting solution.
Frisch hergestellter Schaum wird beobachtet und dabei die Wasserabscheidung als Funktion der Zeit gemessen. Die Zeit, in der die Hälfte der ursprünglich eingesetzten wässrigen Phase wieder ausgeschieden wurde, wird als Wasserhalbzeit notiert.Freshly made foam is observed and the water separation is measured as a function of time. The time in which half of the originally used aqueous phase was excreted is noted as the half-time in the water.
Bei der Änderung der Zusammensetzung von Feuerlöschkonzentraten mit dem Ziel der Verbesserung der Eigenschaften hat es sich gezeigt, daß die obengenannten drei Kenngrößen sich häufig gegensätzlich entwickeln. Z.B. kann man leicht die Verschäumung verbessern, erhält dann jedoch eine Verschlechterung der Ausbreitungszeit oder umgekehrt. Ähnlich kann man die Schaumqualität und Schaummenge durch Erhöhen des Tensidanteils im Löschmittel verbessern; jedoch hatte-man bisher wenig Möglichkeiten um die Ausbreitungszeit positiv zu beeinflussen.When changing the composition of fire extinguishing concentrates with the aim of improving the properties, it has been shown that the three parameters mentioned above often develop in opposite directions. E.g. the foaming can be easily improved, but then the propagation time deteriorates or vice versa. Similarly, the foam quality and amount can be improved by increasing the surfactant content in the extinguishing agent; however, so far there have been few opportunities to positively influence the propagation time.
Es bestand daher die Aufgabe, Schaumkonzentrate mit verbesserter Ausbreitunaszeit zu schaffen, die hohe Schaumstabilität aufweisen und die im Schwer- und Mittelschaumbereich einsetzbar sind.The object was therefore to create foam concentrates with improved spreading time, which have high foam stability and which can be used in the heavy and medium foam area.
Es wurden nun filmbildende Schaumlöschkonzentrate qefunden, die Wasser, mindestens 1 Kohlenwasserstoff tensid und mindestens ein damit verträgliches Fluortensid erhalten, die gekennzeichnet sind durch einen geringen Gehalt an aliphatischen Carbonsäuren der Formel C nH2n+1 COOH mit n = 7 bis 9 oder deren Salze.Film-forming foam extinguishing concentrates have now been found which contain water, at least 1 hydrocarbon surfactant and at least one fluorosurfactant compatible therewith, which are characterized by a low content of aliphatic carboxylic acids of the formula C n H 2n + 1 COOH with n = 7 to 9 or their salts .
Durch einfache Versuche läßt sich jeweils die Menge an Carbonsäure feststellen, die den günstigsten Effekt aufweist. Im allgemeinen reichen Gehalte an aliphatischen Carbonsäuren von 0,01 bis 4 Gew.-% (bezogen auf die Summe von Kohlenwasserstoff-Tensid und Fluortensid) aus.The amount of carboxylic acid which has the most favorable effect can be determined in each case by simple experiments. In general, contents of aliphatic carboxylic acids of 0.01 to 4% by weight (based on the sum of hydrocarbon surfactant and fluorosurfactant) are sufficient.
Es lassen sich verzweigte und unverzweigte aliphatische Carbonsäuren, sei es in reiner Form, sei es in Form von Gemischen, verwenden. Bevorzugt sind die Nonansäuren, insbesondere die verzweigten Nonansäuren. Die aliphatischen Carbonsäuren können in Form der freien Säuren oder auch als Salze einwertiger Basen, beispielsweise in Form der Alkali- oder Ammoniumsalze eingearbeitet werden.Branched and unbranched aliphatic carboxylic acids, whether in pure form or in the form of mixtures, can be used. The nonanoic acids, in particular the branched nonanoic acids, are preferred. The aliphatic carboxylic acids can be incorporated in the form of the free acids or as salts of monovalent bases, for example in the form of the alkali or ammonium salts.
Neben Wasser, Tensiden und Carbonsäuren können die erfindungsgemäßen Schaumkonzentrate noch andere Zusätze wie z.B. Frostschutzmittel, Schaumstabilisatoren, Konservierungsstoffe oder Korrosionsschutzmittel enthalten.In addition to water, surfactants and carboxylic acids, the foam concentrates according to the invention can also contain other additives such as Contain antifreeze, foam stabilizers, preservatives or anti-corrosion agents.
Unter Verträglichkeit der Tenside soll hier verstanden werden, daß fluorhaltige und fluorfreie Tenside nicht unter Bildung eines inaktiven Produktes reagieren. Ein nicht-ionisches fluoraliphatisches Tensid kann mit einem nicht-ionischen, einem ionischen oder einem kationischen Kohlenwasserstoff-Tensid gemischt werden; in gleicher Weise ist ein nicht-ionisches Kohlenwasserstofftensid mit allen drei Arten des Fluortensids verträglich, Ein kationisches Tensid ist jedoch häufig nicht verträglich mit einem anionischen Netzmittel.The compatibility of the surfactants should be understood here to mean that fluorine-containing and fluorine-free surfactants do not react to form an inactive product. A non-ionic fluoroaliphatic surfactant can be mixed with a non-ionic, an ionic or a cationic hydrocarbon surfactant; Similarly, a non-ionic hydrocarbon surfactant is compatible with all three types of fluorosurfactant. However, a cationic surfactant is often incompatible with an anionic surfactant.
Die Zusätze der aliphatischen Carbonsäuren sind bei allen Typen von filmbildenden Feuerlöschkonzentraten wirksam. Sowohl Fluortensid wie Kohlenwasserstoff-Tensid können kationisch, anionisch, amphoter (betainisch) oder nicht-ionisch sein. Es ist jedoch bevorzugt wenn das Kohlenwasserstofftensid kationisch, betainisch oder nicht-ionisch ist und auch das Fluortensid kationisch, betainisch oder nicht-ionisch ist.The additions of aliphatic carboxylic acids are effective for all types of film-forming fire extinguishing concentrates. Both fluorosurfactant and hydrocarbon surfactant can be cationic, anionic, amphoteric (betainic) or non-ionic. However, it is preferred if the hydrocarbon surfactant is cationic, betaine or non-ionic and also the fluorosurfactant is cationic, betaine or non-ionic.
Die folgenden Beispiele erläutern die Erfindung.The following examples illustrate the invention.
Der Einfluß von geringen Zusätzen an Isononansäure zu einem handelsüblichen Feuerlöschmittel ist der folgenden Tabelle zu entnehmen. Dabei bedeutet FC 206 ein von der Firma 3M Deutschland GmbH vertriebenes Handelsprodukt, das neben Wasser und Frostschutzmittel noch Kohlenwasserstoff-und Fluortenside enthält.
Ein Feuerlöschkonzentrat der folgenden Zusammensetzung
- 0,75 % Fluortensid (C7F15CF=CH-CH2-(+)N(CH3)2C2H4OH)SO4CH3 (-)
- 0,75 % Fluortensid C7F15CF=CH-CH2-(+)N(CH3)2C2H4OSO3 (-)
- 4 % Dimethylkokosfettaminoxid (30 %ig, Rest Wasser)
- 20 % Butyldiglykol
- 74,5 % Trinkwasser
wurde mit steigenden Mengen Isononansäure versetzt. Der Einfluß
- 0.75% fluorosurfactant (C 7 F 15 CF = CH-CH 2 - (+) N (CH 3 ) 2 C 2 H 4 OH) SO 4 CH 3 (-)
- 0.75% fluorosurfactant C 7 F 15 CF = CH-CH 2 - (+) N (CH 3 ) 2 C 2 H 4 OSO 3 (-)
- 4% dimethyl coconut fatty amine oxide (30%, rest water)
- 20% butyl diglycol
- 74.5% drinking water
increasing amounts of isononanoic acid were added. The influence of an addition of 0 to 2 percent by weight of isononane acid to this fire extinguishing concentrate on the parameters mentioned can be seen from the figure. The optimum range for the propagation time is between 0.05 and 1.8 g ew .-%, while the optimum values can be found from 0.5 to 1% for the foaming. For the water half-time, a pronounced maximum can be seen at about 0.8% by weight (between 0.5 and 1% by weight).
Auf der linken Ordinate der Figur ist die Ausbreitungszeit (Sekunden) auf der Abszisse die Konzentration (Gew.-%) an i-Nonansäure in der Gesamtmischung angegeben. Kurve 1-stellt den Gang der Wasserhalbzeit (WHZ) in Minuten, Kurve 2 die Ausbreitungszeit in Sekunden und Kurve 3 die Verschäumunqszahl (VZ) in Abhängigkeit von der Konzentration der i-Nonan- säure dar.On the left ordinate of the figure, the propagation time (seconds) is shown on the abscissa, the concentration (% by weight) of i-nonanoic acid in the total mixture.
Ein Löschkonzentrat mit der unten angegebenen Rezeptur auf Basis von Alkylsulfat wurde mit steigenden Mengen an i-Nonansäure versetzt. Die jeweiligen Ausbreitungszeiten werden gemessen.An extinguishing concentrate with the recipe based on alkyl sulfate given below was mixed with increasing amounts of i-nonanoic acid. The respective propagation times are measured.
Es ergaben sich folgende Werte:
Ausgangsrezeptur 9,3 sec- + 0,3 Gew.-% i-Nonansäure 5,7 sec
- + 0,5 Gew.-% i-
Nonansäure - + 1 Gew.-% i-
Nonansäure 4,7 sec
- Starting recipe 9.3 sec
- + 0.3% by weight i-nonanoic acid 5.7 sec
- + 0.5% by weight i-nonanoic acid 4.3 sec
- + 1 wt .-% i-nonanoic acid 4.7 sec
- 17 % Butyldiglykol17% butyl diglycol
-
6,5 % essigsaures Triäthanolamin C12-OSO3 (-) 4 % C12-OSO3 (-)) HN (+) (CH2CH2OH)3 6.5% acetic acid triethanolamine C 12 -
OSO 3 (-) 4% C 12 -OSO 3 (-) ) HN (+) (CH 2 CH 2 OH) 3 - c14-OSO3 (-))HN (CH2CH2OH)3 c 14 -OSO 3 (-) ) HN (CH 2 CH 2 OH) 3
- 0,75 % C7F15CF=CH-CH2-(+)N(CH3)2-C2H4OSO3 (-) 0.75% C 7 F 15 CF = CH-CH 2 - (+) N (CH 3 ) 2 -C 2 H 4 OSO 3 (-)
-
0,75 % C7F15CF=CH-CH2-(+)N(CH3)2-C2H4OH CH3SO4 -
Trinkwasser Methode zur Bestimmung der AusbreitungszeitDrinking water Method of determining the propagation time
In eine Petrischale (Innendurchmesser 139 mm,Höhe innen 18 mm) werden 100 ml Cyclohexan eingefüllt. Etwa 5 mm über dem Zentrum der Flüssigkeitsoberfläche befindet sich die Auslauföffnung der abnehmbaren Spitze einer Eppendorf-Pipette.
Das zu untersuchende Feuerlöschkonzentrat wird mit 2 Teilen destilliertem Wasser verdünnt. Von der entstehenden Lösung läßt man 0.1 ml durch die Spitze frei auf die Cyclohexan-Oberfläche tropfen. Man beobachtet im schräg einfallenden Licht den sich ausbreitenden Film. Die Zeit vom Auftreten des 1. Tropfens der Schaummittellösung bis zur Ausdehnung des Films über die ganze Oberfläche wird als Ausbreitungszeit gemessen.100 ml of cyclohexane are poured into a Petri dish (inner diameter 139 mm, inner height 18 mm). The discharge opening of the removable tip of an Eppendorf pipette is located about 5 mm above the center of the liquid surface.
The fire extinguishing concentrate to be examined is diluted with 2 parts of distilled water. 0.1 ml of the resulting solution is allowed to drip freely through the tip onto the cyclohexane surface. One observes the spreading film in the obliquely incident light. The time from the appearance of the 1st drop of the foam agent solution to the expansion of the film over the entire surface is measured as the propagation time.
Claims (7)
Applications Claiming Priority (2)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| DE19803037155 DE3037155A1 (en) | 1980-10-01 | 1980-10-01 | FOAM DELETE CONCENTRATE AND ITS USE |
| DE3037155 | 1980-10-01 |
Publications (2)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| EP0049442A1 true EP0049442A1 (en) | 1982-04-14 |
| EP0049442B1 EP0049442B1 (en) | 1983-11-30 |
Family
ID=6113382
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| EP81107665A Expired EP0049442B1 (en) | 1980-10-01 | 1981-09-26 | Foam extinguishing concentrate and use thereof |
Country Status (4)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| US (1) | US4350206A (en) |
| EP (1) | EP0049442B1 (en) |
| AU (1) | AU544872B2 (en) |
| DE (2) | DE3037155A1 (en) |
Cited By (2)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| DE19519534A1 (en) * | 1995-05-27 | 1996-11-28 | Total Walther Feuerschutz Loes | Foam producing concentrate for fire extinguishing applications |
| WO2000041770A1 (en) * | 1999-01-12 | 2000-07-20 | Chubb Fire Limited | Fire extinguishant |
Families Citing this family (8)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US4536298A (en) * | 1983-03-30 | 1985-08-20 | Dainippon Ink And Chemicals, Inc. | Aqueous foam fire extinguisher |
| US4849117A (en) * | 1987-06-17 | 1989-07-18 | Sanitek Products, Inc. | Concentrated composition for forming an aqueous foam |
| US5085786A (en) * | 1991-01-24 | 1992-02-04 | Minnesota Mining And Manufacturing Company | Aqueous film-forming foamable solution useful as fire extinguishing concentrate |
| US5616273A (en) * | 1994-08-11 | 1997-04-01 | Dynax Corporation | Synergistic surfactant compositions and fire fighting concentrates thereof |
| US5945026A (en) * | 1994-11-04 | 1999-08-31 | Hazard Control Technologies, Inc. | Composition and methods for firefighting hydrocarbon fires |
| US6139775A (en) * | 1994-11-04 | 2000-10-31 | Hazard Control Technologies, Inc. | Compositions and methods for treating hydrocarbon materials |
| DE19548251C3 (en) * | 1995-12-22 | 2003-06-26 | Total Walther Feuerschutz Loes | Foam extinguishing agent based on foam-producing concentrates without glycol ether or glycols |
| US7004261B2 (en) * | 2001-04-05 | 2006-02-28 | Nanomist Systems, Llc | Microemulsion mists as fire suppression agents |
Citations (2)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| DE1920625A1 (en) * | 1968-04-19 | 1969-11-06 | Minnesota Mining & Mfg | Composition of matter |
| FR2433346A1 (en) * | 1978-08-17 | 1980-03-14 | Hochiki Co | FOAM TYPE FIRE EXTINGUISHER FOR HYDROPHILIC COMBUSTIBLE LIQUIDS |
Family Cites Families (2)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US4020903A (en) * | 1968-04-29 | 1977-05-03 | Imperial Chemical Industries Limited | Fire-fighting foam compositions |
| US4049556A (en) * | 1976-01-20 | 1977-09-20 | Nippon Chemical Industrial Co., Ltd. | Foam fire extinguishing agent |
-
1980
- 1980-10-01 DE DE19803037155 patent/DE3037155A1/en not_active Withdrawn
-
1981
- 1981-09-26 DE DE8181107665T patent/DE3161558D1/en not_active Expired
- 1981-09-26 EP EP81107665A patent/EP0049442B1/en not_active Expired
- 1981-09-29 US US06/306,880 patent/US4350206A/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
- 1981-09-30 AU AU75798/81A patent/AU544872B2/en not_active Ceased
Patent Citations (2)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| DE1920625A1 (en) * | 1968-04-19 | 1969-11-06 | Minnesota Mining & Mfg | Composition of matter |
| FR2433346A1 (en) * | 1978-08-17 | 1980-03-14 | Hochiki Co | FOAM TYPE FIRE EXTINGUISHER FOR HYDROPHILIC COMBUSTIBLE LIQUIDS |
Cited By (2)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| DE19519534A1 (en) * | 1995-05-27 | 1996-11-28 | Total Walther Feuerschutz Loes | Foam producing concentrate for fire extinguishing applications |
| WO2000041770A1 (en) * | 1999-01-12 | 2000-07-20 | Chubb Fire Limited | Fire extinguishant |
Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| DE3161558D1 (en) | 1984-01-05 |
| AU544872B2 (en) | 1985-06-20 |
| EP0049442B1 (en) | 1983-11-30 |
| DE3037155A1 (en) | 1982-05-06 |
| AU7579881A (en) | 1982-04-08 |
| US4350206A (en) | 1982-09-21 |
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