Classifications

• • D—TEXTILES; PAPER
  • D06—TREATMENT OF TEXTILES OR THE LIKE; LAUNDERING; FLEXIBLE MATERIALS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
  • D06M—TREATMENT, NOT PROVIDED FOR ELSEWHERE IN CLASS D06, OF FIBRES, THREADS, YARNS, FABRICS, FEATHERS OR FIBROUS GOODS MADE FROM SUCH MATERIALS
  • D06M11/00—Treating fibres, threads, yarns, fabrics or fibrous goods made from such materials, with inorganic substances or complexes thereof; Such treatment combined with mechanical treatment, e.g. mercerising
  • D06M11/32—Treating fibres, threads, yarns, fabrics or fibrous goods made from such materials, with inorganic substances or complexes thereof; Such treatment combined with mechanical treatment, e.g. mercerising with oxygen, ozone, ozonides, oxides, hydroxides or percompounds; Salts derived from anions with an amphoteric element-oxygen bond
  • D06M11/50—Treating fibres, threads, yarns, fabrics or fibrous goods made from such materials, with inorganic substances or complexes thereof; Such treatment combined with mechanical treatment, e.g. mercerising with oxygen, ozone, ozonides, oxides, hydroxides or percompounds; Salts derived from anions with an amphoteric element-oxygen bond with hydrogen peroxide or peroxides of metals; with persulfuric, permanganic, pernitric, percarbonic acids or their salts
• • D—TEXTILES; PAPER
  • D06—TREATMENT OF TEXTILES OR THE LIKE; LAUNDERING; FLEXIBLE MATERIALS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
  • D06L—DRY-CLEANING, WASHING OR BLEACHING FIBRES, FILAMENTS, THREADS, YARNS, FABRICS, FEATHERS OR MADE-UP FIBROUS GOODS; BLEACHING LEATHER OR FURS
  • D06L1/00—Dry-cleaning or washing fibres, filaments, threads, yarns, fabrics, feathers or made-up fibrous goods
  • D06L1/12—Dry-cleaning or washing fibres, filaments, threads, yarns, fabrics, feathers or made-up fibrous goods using aqueous solvents
  • D06L1/14—De-sizing
• • D—TEXTILES; PAPER
  • D06—TREATMENT OF TEXTILES OR THE LIKE; LAUNDERING; FLEXIBLE MATERIALS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
  • D06L—DRY-CLEANING, WASHING OR BLEACHING FIBRES, FILAMENTS, THREADS, YARNS, FABRICS, FEATHERS OR MADE-UP FIBROUS GOODS; BLEACHING LEATHER OR FURS
  • D06L4/00—Bleaching fibres, filaments, threads, yarns, fabrics, feathers or made-up fibrous goods; Bleaching leather or furs
  • D06L4/10—Bleaching fibres, filaments, threads, yarns, fabrics, feathers or made-up fibrous goods; Bleaching leather or furs using agents which develop oxygen
• • D—TEXTILES; PAPER
  • D06—TREATMENT OF TEXTILES OR THE LIKE; LAUNDERING; FLEXIBLE MATERIALS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
  • D06M—TREATMENT, NOT PROVIDED FOR ELSEWHERE IN CLASS D06, OF FIBRES, THREADS, YARNS, FABRICS, FEATHERS OR FIBROUS GOODS MADE FROM SUCH MATERIALS
  • D06M11/00—Treating fibres, threads, yarns, fabrics or fibrous goods made from such materials, with inorganic substances or complexes thereof; Such treatment combined with mechanical treatment, e.g. mercerising
  • D06M11/32—Treating fibres, threads, yarns, fabrics or fibrous goods made from such materials, with inorganic substances or complexes thereof; Such treatment combined with mechanical treatment, e.g. mercerising with oxygen, ozone, ozonides, oxides, hydroxides or percompounds; Salts derived from anions with an amphoteric element-oxygen bond
  • D06M11/36—Treating fibres, threads, yarns, fabrics or fibrous goods made from such materials, with inorganic substances or complexes thereof; Such treatment combined with mechanical treatment, e.g. mercerising with oxygen, ozone, ozonides, oxides, hydroxides or percompounds; Salts derived from anions with an amphoteric element-oxygen bond with oxides, hydroxides or mixed oxides; with salts derived from anions with an amphoteric element-oxygen bond
  • D06M11/38—Oxides or hydroxides of elements of Groups 1 or 11 of the Periodic Table
• • D—TEXTILES; PAPER
  • D06—TREATMENT OF TEXTILES OR THE LIKE; LAUNDERING; FLEXIBLE MATERIALS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
  • D06M—TREATMENT, NOT PROVIDED FOR ELSEWHERE IN CLASS D06, OF FIBRES, THREADS, YARNS, FABRICS, FEATHERS OR FIBROUS GOODS MADE FROM SUCH MATERIALS
  • D06M16/00—Biochemical treatment of fibres, threads, yarns, fabrics, or fibrous goods made from such materials, e.g. enzymatic
  • D06M16/003—Biochemical treatment of fibres, threads, yarns, fabrics, or fibrous goods made from such materials, e.g. enzymatic with enzymes or microorganisms
• • D—TEXTILES; PAPER
  • D06—TREATMENT OF TEXTILES OR THE LIKE; LAUNDERING; FLEXIBLE MATERIALS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
  • D06M—TREATMENT, NOT PROVIDED FOR ELSEWHERE IN CLASS D06, OF FIBRES, THREADS, YARNS, FABRICS, FEATHERS OR FIBROUS GOODS MADE FROM SUCH MATERIALS
  • D06M23/00—Treatment of fibres, threads, yarns, fabrics or fibrous goods made from such materials, characterised by the process
  • D06M23/04—Processes in which the treating agent is applied in the form of a foam

Definitions

• the present invention relates to the reaction of reagents with substrates.
• a method of treating a surface with reagents which method comprises:
• the surface to be treated may be the surface of a substrate having a continuous surface such as a sheet, a filamentary material such as natural or synthetic fibres, a woven material including a knitted material also formed of natural synthetic fibres or a random mat.
• the reagent may be any reagent capable of interacting either physically, biologically or chemically with the material of said surface.
• the reagent is preferably present in an aqueous solution and the concentration of the reagent can be considerably in excess of that hitherto employed since the amount of reagent applied to the material is determined by the volume. of the foam with respect to the initial volume of the reagent containing liquid and by the amount of agent released to the substrate by the collapse of the foam, and is not dependant entirely upon the concentration of the reagent in the initial solution prior to foaming.
• the collapse of the foam may be caused by heating the interface to a temperature at or above the boiling point of the liquid phase.
• the collapse of the foam at the interface may be caused by reducing the - viscosity of the foam sufficiently to allow the liquid from which it is formed to contact said surface.
• the rate of collapse of the foam layer may be adjusted to adjust the rate of application of the reagent.
• Thermodecomposition of the foam by heating of the interface may be effected by the application of, for example, hot air or steam to the reverse side of the material to be treated or by heat transmitted through solid bodies.
• Collapse of the foam may also be effected by incorporating within the foam, destabilising agents which serve to reduce the viscosity of the liquid from which the foam is formed.
• the residual reagent of the foam may be removed by washing, i.e. with water.
• highly active systems may be applied to substrates or materials in an easily controllable manner and at very high rates of interaction by controlling not the concentration of the reagent in the treating bath, but the amount of the bath which at any given moment is in contact with the material to be treated.
• the bath containing the reagent is applied to the substrate in the form of the foam; the main dosaging factor is the rate of decomposition of the foam layer on the substrate in particular the layer of foam directly in contact with the substrate surface.
• the process comprises the application in foam form of agents capable of interacting with material of the substrate to the substrate surface and causing the foam layer, in particular the interface foam layer to collapse at the rate desired and to terminate the interaction by removing or rendering inactive said agents where the desired degree of interaction has been achieved.
• the preferred method for gradually collapsing the interface layer of the foam i.e. the layer directly in contact with the surface of the substrate is destabilisation of the foam particularly through the application of heat and/or destabilising agents.
• a particularly suitable form of the process comprises in applying an aqueous system in foam form and applying heat to the substrate preferably from the side opposite to that treated with the foam, to generate temperatures which are higher than the boiling point of water, thus causing the interface layer of the foam to collapse and exposing the surface of the substrate to a new layer of cells of the foam containing agent capable of interacting with said substrate.
• the incremental application of agents capable of interaction of the material of the substrate according to the present invention is achieved by gradually increasing the flow rate of the foam, i.e. by decreasing the viscosity of the foam to a degree which enables it to diffuse in or onto the substrate as a liquid, the rate of diffusion being governed by the rate of collapse of the interface foam layer.
• heat may also be applied to the foam coated side of the substrate causing the foam surface to collapse in a gradual and controllable manner.
• the liquid released by the collapse of the foam layer dilutes the next layer of the foam and thus increases its flow rate by lowering its blow rate thereby resulting in further collapse of the foam so that the liquid thus generated finally diffuses gradually into the substrate at and through the foam substrate interface layer.
• the flow rate or flow tendency of any particular foam decreases with the blow rate, i.e. the degree to which the bath has been foamed.
• the blow rate may be expressed as the ratio between the volume of the foam of the bath and the bath before foaming, that is to say, a blow rate of 20:1 means that the bath has been foamed to twenty times the original volume.
• the flow rate or flow tendency may be determined by measuring the volume of the foam flowing through an orifice or tube of defined diameter during a given time, such as, per minute, or by measuring the angle at which a plate which is coated with a foam has to be tilted to start flow of-the foam or by other similar methods.
• An alternative method to that outlined above may be applicable to substrates not permeable to hot air or not easily capable of transmitting heat from the reverse side to the interface with the foam layer. It consists, as described above, in increasing the flow tendency of the foam by gradually releasing liquid from collapsing layers of the foam thus diluting underlying layers of the foam and lowering their blow rate. Some of the liquid released from the collapsing layers of the foam has been found to travel through underlying layers of the foam along walls of foam cells to the interface foam layer and into the substrate providing also the gradual release of agent to and/or into the substrate itself.
• Liquid applied to the surface of the foam layer, or released by the collapse of the top layers of foam (facing away from the substrate) in this alternative method thus will flow through the foam onto the surface of the substrate, assisted by the lowering of the blow rate of the foam resulting from the flow of liquid.
• Thermal decomposition of the interface layer of the foam or of the foam layer per se may be suitable for adjusting the rate of interaction by simply varying the reaction temperature and the foam decomposition speed.
• the steam released in many cases will benefit the interaction by providing fast heat transfer and thorough penetration.
• Thermal decomposition of the interface layer may be assisted or substituted by physico-chemical means conductive to destabilisation of the foam, for example, by foam destabilisation agents (agents increasing surface tension), reducing effectiveness of foaming agents or of foam stabilisers used to produce and/or stabilise the foam per se.
• foam destabilising agents may be present in the substrate to be heated or treated and may be applied to the substrate or to the foam front layer during the interaction period.
• the interaction of the agents present in the foam with the substrate or material to be treated may be terminated by removing the foam layer not yet decomposed, by stopping the front layer decomposition of the process and/or by rendering the system inactive. Since in most cases it will be necessary to remove unused reagents, decomposition products of reagents or ancillary agents present in the system, washing or rinsing of the treated material will be the most frequently used method to terminate the interaction.
• the bath is applied in the form which contains a mixture of agents capable of achieving different effects in consentive continuous treatments without rinsing between steps, for example, in the boiling off and bleaching with a bath containing alkali and bleaching agent such as for instance hydrogen peroxide, which is followed by a mercerising treatment, it is unnecessary (and undesirable from an economical point of view) to rinse after the alkaline peroxide has boiled off and bleaching preparation has been applied to cellulose- containing textile sheet material.
• alkali and bleaching agent such as for instance hydrogen peroxide
• the sheet material is fed into equipment capable of holding.or even increasing the dimensions of the sheet material, in particular its width, such as for instance tenter-like equipment, and the concentration of the caustic is increased to mercerising strength and beyond by evaporation through the action of heat, care being taken that the boil-off and bleaching bath contains an amount of alkali hydroxide sufficient for giving a solution of mercerising strength when water is evaporated while the amount of water present in the fabric is still at a level at least equal to 25%, preferably at least 30% of the cellulosic fibre material present in the sheet material.
• one may apply additional amounts of caustic after bleaching/ boiling off is completed the application of such additional caustic in the form of foam has the advantage of keeping the total amount of water low and thus saves energy in drying).
• the caustic may then be removed by neutralising and/or rinsing only after this partial drying.
• peroxide may be applied to the caustic containing sheet material as an aqueous solution containing virtually no or only small amounts of caustic.
• peroxide may be applied to the caustic containing sheet material as an aqueous solution containing virtually no or only small amounts of caustic.
• Still another variation consists in bleaching and boiling off with a preparation applied according to the invention, holding or increasing the dimensions of the sheet material while water is evaporated to concentrate the caustic, and removing the caustic by rinsing and or neutralising only after a bleaching agent has been applied to and reacted with the sheet material.
• the process may be a continuous one comprising the steps of applying a foamed agent to at least one surface of a moving sheet, applying means capable of collapsing the interface or front layer of the foam under conditions as regards rate of foam, decomposition and interaction temperature providing interaction to the degree desired within the interaction period determined by the duration of contact of the foam agent with the substrate while the foam collapsing system is effective, and thereafter terminating the treatment by deactivating the system causing the foam collapse at the foam substrate interface and removing unused reagents and reagent decomposition by rinsing.
• dying formulations may be applied by the method of the invention. If the sheet material contains or consists of cellulosic fibres, desizing, boiling off (removal of wax and other impurities present in the surface of the natural cellulosic fibres), bleaching and even mercerising (or other caustic treatments) may be carried out.
• sheet material there is to be understood not only coherent sheets such as plastic, metal or wood or paper, fabrics, woven, non-woven or knitted, but also particulate or fibrous material treated in a form of sheets, for example, materials arranged in the form of a thin layer carried on or supported by a conveyor belt or like structure, preferably permeable to liquids and air.
• Webs consisting of loose fibres, slivers, rovings, and card webs are examples of such sheet materials consisting of a multitude of essentially unbonded elements arranged and treated in the form of a sheet.
• Webs of loose cotton fibres for example may be boiled off, cleaned for the removal of dust, cotton seeds, wax, etc. and bleached in sheet form according to the present invention.
• Material may be treated according to the present invention in filamentary form, the filamentary material being treated either as single strands or as a multitude of strands travelling on parallel courses.
• the foam itself may be generated by blowing compressed air through a tube which carries a porous plate at an outlet end thereof, the tube being immersed in a bath of the reagent.
• the blow rate of the foam is dependent upon the foaming characteristics of the original bath.
• a cotton fabric in grey state (33 picks and 20 ends per centimetre, yarn count Ne 12 for the warp, 16 for the filling, weight 270 grams per square metre) was treated as follows:-
• This foam was applied to one surface of the fabric in a layer 2 centimetres thick.
• the side of the fabric not treated with foam was brought into contact with a metal surface having a temperature of 300°C for 40 seconds (interaction time).
• interaction time During this period interface layers of foam were destroyed consecutively, the foam sheet previously applied to the fabric thus gradually collapsing from bottom to top, exposing fresh layers of foamed reagent with the collapse of each interface foam layer.
• the fabric was rinsed to remove unused reagent and the other agents present in the bath.
• the heavy cotton fabric was found to be uniformly (i.e. all over and all through) desized, all cotton seeds were removed and a marked lightening of the shade was observed (i.e. wax and coloured impurities had been removed by the treatment). No damage caused by the treatment could be detected, the textile strength was virtually the same as before the treatment, and the degree of polymerisation was 2550 (determination according to Swiss National Standard Method 195' 598).
• Example 2 The same fabric as in Example 1 was treated with the same bath, the only difference being that collapse of interface foam layers was effected by convection of hot air and radiation emanating from a metal plate temperature 300°C arranged in a plane parallel to the plane of the fabric at a distance of 0.5 centrimetres underneath the fabric.
• the interaction time was 60 seconds, the after treatment and the effects produced were identical to those of Example 1.
• Example 1 The treatment of Example 1 was repeated, but foam collapse was effected by blowing hot air (temperature 29 0 C) against the foam layer previously applied to the fabric, the foam thus being pressed against the fabric. Interaction time was 8 seconds. Immediately after stopping the flow of hot air, the fabric was washed out, neutralized and rinsed. All the size present on the warp yarns of the fabric and all cotton seeds present in the fabric were removed. Mechanical properties were not affected.
• Example 1 The treatment of Example 1 was repeated with a light weight cotton sateen (grey state, 68/45 yarns centimetre, yarn count Ne 46/42, weight 90 grams/square metre. The formation was the same as in Example 1, the thickness of the foam layer was 0.5 centimetres.
• Example 1 The fabric described in Example 1 was bleached with a foamed unstabilised protide bleaching bath of the following composition:
• the bleaching treatment was applied to the fabric after desizing and boiling off according to Example 1.
• the bath was turned into a foam (degree of foaming 20:1) as described in Example 1, and applied in foamed form to one side of the fabric in a thickness of 2 centimetres.
• Interface foam collapse was effected by contact heat as described in Example 1, the time of interaction being 40 seconds.
• the bleaching effect obtained was about identical to effects produced by conventional protide bleaching with much longer reaction times (whiteness 67.00% against 55.8 before the treatment). No tensile strength or degree of polymerisation damage could be found.
• Example 1 The fabric described in Example 1 was in one step desized, boiled off and bleached, using the following procedure.
• This bath was foamed and applied to the grey fabric as described in Example 1 (degree of foaming 20:1, foam layer thickness 2 centimetres). Interface foam collapse was effected as described in Example 1, the time of Internation being 40 seconds.
• Example 4 When a cotton sateen described in Example 4 was treated with the bath of Example 6, the conditions of the treatment otherwise being those of Example 4, complete desizing, complete removal of seeds and excellent wettability were obtained.
• Removal of the agents after the interaction period was effected by applying a coating of foamed washing neutralising solution (blow ratio 1:30, bath containing 10 grams per litre of acetic acid and 3 grams per litre of sandozin N1 (non-ionic wetting agent), thickness of foam layer 5 centimetres and sucking the foam through the web by means of vacuum slots arranged underneath the wire net conveyor belt.
• foamed washing neutralising solution low ratio 1:30, bath containing 10 grams per litre of acetic acid and 3 grams per litre of sandozin N1 (non-ionic wetting agent), thickness of foam layer 5 centimetres and sucking the foam through the web by means of vacuum slots arranged underneath the wire net conveyor belt.
• the treatment was treated twice with a foamed washing solution containing 1 gram/litre of a non-ionic foaming agent (sandozin N1, sandoz), total layer thickness 10 centimetres, blow rate 10:1.
• the neutralizing and the washing baths were foamed in one example as described in Example 1, in another test by means of passing the bath through a commercially available continuous foamer (manufactured by Bombi, Settimello, Italy). Additional tests showed that the bleaching and boiling off baths used in previous examples could also be foamed in the continuous foamer.
• a cotton print cloth 120 grams per square metre) containing a starch size in grey state was coated with a foamed enzymatic desizing preparation containing per litre 25 millilitres of Rupidase and 2 millilitres of a non-ionic wetting agent (sandozin NIT).
• a foamed enzymatic desizing preparation containing per litre 25 millilitres of Rupidase and 2 millilitres of a non-ionic wetting agent (sandozin NIT).
• the foaming degree was 1:40.
• the fabric thus coated was subjected to a heat treatment consisting of guiding the fabric at a distance of 4 millilitres over a hot metal plate having a temperature of 300 centigrade degrees. The action of heat lasting 30 seconds. After the fabric was rinsed hot and cold, no starch could any longer be detected on the fabric.

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• Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
• Textile Engineering (AREA)
• Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
• Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
• Biochemistry (AREA)
• Microbiology (AREA)
• Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
• General Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
• Chemical Or Physical Treatment Of Fibers (AREA)

Priority Applications (1)

Applications Claiming Priority (4)

Publications (3)

Family

ID=26276295

Family Applications (1)

Country Status (3)

Cited By (1)

Citations (6)

• 1981
  • 1981-07-16 EP EP81303274A patent/EP0047058B1/de not_active Expired
  • 1981-07-16 DE DE8181303274T patent/DE3169817D1/de not_active Expired
  • 1981-07-22 IN IN827/CAL/81A patent/IN154477B/en unknown

Patent Citations (6)

Non-Patent Citations (1)

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