EP0046505A1 - Cylinder for a reciprocating piston machine - Google Patents

Cylinder for a reciprocating piston machine Download PDF

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Publication number
EP0046505A1
EP0046505A1 EP81105586A EP81105586A EP0046505A1 EP 0046505 A1 EP0046505 A1 EP 0046505A1 EP 81105586 A EP81105586 A EP 81105586A EP 81105586 A EP81105586 A EP 81105586A EP 0046505 A1 EP0046505 A1 EP 0046505A1
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EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
ring
cylinder
cylinder according
cylinder head
outside
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Granted
Application number
EP81105586A
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German (de)
French (fr)
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EP0046505B1 (en
Inventor
Rolf Dipl.-Ing. Eckert
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Kloeckner Humboldt Deutz AG
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Kloeckner Humboldt Deutz AG
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Application filed by Kloeckner Humboldt Deutz AG filed Critical Kloeckner Humboldt Deutz AG
Priority to AT81105586T priority Critical patent/ATE6685T1/en
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Classifications

    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F02—COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
    • F02B—INTERNAL-COMBUSTION PISTON ENGINES; COMBUSTION ENGINES IN GENERAL
    • F02B77/00—Component parts, details or accessories, not otherwise provided for
    • F02B77/11—Thermal or acoustic insulation
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F02—COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
    • F02F—CYLINDERS, PISTONS OR CASINGS, FOR COMBUSTION ENGINES; ARRANGEMENTS OF SEALINGS IN COMBUSTION ENGINES
    • F02F1/00—Cylinders; Cylinder heads 
    • F02F1/02—Cylinders; Cylinder heads  having cooling means
    • F02F1/04—Cylinders; Cylinder heads  having cooling means for air cooling

Definitions

  • the invention relates to a cylinder for reciprocating piston machines with a ring which is arranged between the cylinder head and the cylinder tube and forms part of the cylinder inner wall.
  • the invention is based on the object of reducing the heat dissipation via the cylinder wall in the area of the combustion chamber in order to increase the efficiency, and to increase the combustion chamber wall temperature in order to reduce the HC emissions in cold start and part-load operation. Tensions between the The cylinder head and the cylinder tube due to different thermal expansion should be removed if possible.
  • the ring for thermal insulation is made of ceramic.
  • Ceramic as a good heat-insulating material is known per se, but it is only through the use according to the invention as a heat-insulating ring that it becomes suitable for the desired objectives in a particularly advantageous manner.
  • the large forces exerted by the cylinder head screws only act as compressive forces on the ceramic part, for which the material is well suited.
  • the forces caused by the combustion chamber pressure cause an undesirable tensile stress in the material, which, however, is completely evenly distributed due to the ring shape.
  • the ring is preferably designed so that it is not overrun by the upper piston ring, which could lead to damage even with very small joint steps. At the same time, this ensures that the upper piston ring lies in the TDC on a well-cooled part of the combustion chamber wall, so that overheating with the risk of oil carbon deposits is avoided.
  • radial tensions between the cylinder head and the heat-insulating ring are reduced by an interposed washer, which forms two sliding planes for micro-displacements, while the same can be achieved for tensions between the cylinder tube and the heat-insulating ring by an additional washer.
  • Sheet steel is well suited as a material for this.
  • the ceramic ring with corresponding fitting parts is simply inserted between the cylinder head and the cylinder tube and is fully or partially exposed to the cooling medium.
  • the ring is sealed by the cylinder head and cylinder tube on the outside.
  • Thermal protection for the combustion chamber is ensured while the surface, which is used for heat dissipation from the cylinder head and the lower part of the cylinder tube, is also used. this is in a thermally conductive connection, is enlarged by the outer metallic envelope of the heat protection ring. This applies in particular if this casing is also provided with cooling fins.
  • the cylinder head and cylinder tube can be clamped together in the usual way or also shrunk, screwed or welded onto one another.
  • the ring can be separated by a radial cut and installed compressed under internal stress; in this way, a tight connection between the surrounding part and the heat-insulating ring is ensured even in the case of strong thermal expansion of the surrounding head or cylinder tube. If the ring is divided several times, the partial rings can be installed with an offset joint for better tightness.
  • the ring according to the invention is also in the case of an otherwise ribbed one Cylinder tube is smooth and cylindrical on the outside.
  • Fig. 1 the cylinder head 1, the cylinder tube 2 and the ring made of ceramic 3 is shown in a section through the cylinder axis. Between the ring 3 and the cylinder head 1 there is an annular disc 4, while a further annular plate 5 is shown exclusively in the left half of the section between the ring 3 and the cylinder tube 2.
  • the intake 6 and exhaust port 7 with inserted valve seats 8 and 9 can be seen.
  • With 10 is the position of the upper piston ring in TDC.
  • the cylinder tube 2 is provided with a finned tube 12 and a screwed ribbed head part 13.
  • the head part 13 of the cylinder tube 2 is positively connected to the cylinder head 1 and completely surrounds the ceramic 3 ring.
  • the ring 3 is divided four times horizontally and is shown installed vertically with an offset joint, while in the right half the ring 3 is made in one piece.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Combustion & Propulsion (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Acoustics & Sound (AREA)
  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Cylinder Crankcases Of Internal Combustion Engines (AREA)
  • Pistons, Piston Rings, And Cylinders (AREA)
  • Compressor (AREA)
  • Reciprocating Pumps (AREA)
  • Forklifts And Lifting Vehicles (AREA)
  • Combustion Methods Of Internal-Combustion Engines (AREA)

Abstract

A cylinder, for reciprocating piston engines, having a ring which is arranged between the cylinder head and the cylinder tube and forms a part of the inner wall of the cylinder. The ring is made of ceramic for heat insulating purposes.

Description

Die Erfindung bezieht sich auf.einen Zylinder für Hubkolbenmaschinen mit einem Ring, der zwischen Zylinderkopf und Zylinderrohr angeordnet ist und einen Teil der Zylinderinnenwandung bildet.The invention relates to a cylinder for reciprocating piston machines with a ring which is arranged between the cylinder head and the cylinder tube and forms part of the cylinder inner wall.

(DE-OS 26 30 225) Es ist ein Zylinder der genannten Art bekannt, bei dem ein eingespannter Ring zwischen Zylinderkopf und Zylinderrohr aus einem Material höherer Festigkeit und/oder höherer Wärmeleitfähigkeit als der übrige Zylinder hergestellt ist, der die Aufgabe hat, eine verbesserte Wärmeableitung aus dem Zylinderkopf zu ermöglichen und die Wandtemperatur im Bereich der Höchstlage des oberen Kolbenringes abzusenken.Eine besondere Verrippung dient hierbei zur weiteren Förderung des Wärmeübergangs an die Kühlluft. Eine derart verstärkte Wärmeabfuhr im Bereich der Brenn raumwandung hat auch Nachteile. Zum einen ist im Kaltstart-und Teillastbetrieb mit verstärkter Brennstoffkondensation und Flammenverlöschung an der extrem gekühlten Zylinderinnenwand und entsprechend erhöhter HC-Emission zu rechnen. Zum anderen wird durch die starke Wärmeableitung der Wirkungsgrad infolge der herabgesetzten Brennraumtemperatur gesenkt.(DE-OS 26 30 225) It is known a cylinder of the type mentioned, in which a clamped ring between the cylinder head and cylinder tube is made of a material of higher strength and / or higher thermal conductivity than the rest of the cylinder, which has the task of improving To allow heat dissipation from the cylinder head and to lower the wall temperature in the area of the highest position of the upper piston ring. A special ribbing serves to further promote the transfer of heat to the cooling air. Such increased heat dissipation in the combustion chamber wall also has disadvantages. On the one hand, increased fuel condensation and flame extinguishing on the extremely cooled inner wall of the cylinder and a correspondingly increased HC emission can be expected in cold start and part-load operation. On the other hand, the high heat dissipation reduces the efficiency due to the reduced combustion chamber temperature.

Der Erfindung liegt im Gegensatz zu der beschriebenen Anordnung die Aufgabe zugrunde, die Wärmeabfuhr über die Zylinderwand im Bereich des Brennraums zur Erhöhung des Wirkungsgrades zu senken, und zur Minderung der HC-Emissionen im Kaltstart- und Teillastbetrieb die Brennraumwand temperatur zu steigern. Spannungen zwischen dem Zylinderkopf und dem Zylinderrohr aufgrund unterschiedlicher Wärmedehnung sind möglichst abzubauen.In contrast to the arrangement described, the invention is based on the object of reducing the heat dissipation via the cylinder wall in the area of the combustion chamber in order to increase the efficiency, and to increase the combustion chamber wall temperature in order to reduce the HC emissions in cold start and part-load operation. Tensions between the The cylinder head and the cylinder tube due to different thermal expansion should be removed if possible.

Die Lösung dieses Problemes besteht darin, daß der Ring zur Wärmedämmung aus Keramik hergestellt ist. Keramik als gut wärmedämmendes Material ist an sich bekannt, erst durch die erfindungsgemäße Anwendung als wärmedämmender Ring jedoch wird es für die angestrebten .Ziele in besonders vorteilhafter Weise geeignet. Die durch die Zylinderkopfschrauben ausgeübten großen Kräfte wirken ausschließlich als Druckkräfte auf das Keramikteil, für deren Aufnahme der Werkstoff gut geeignet ist. Die durch den Brennraumdruck verursachten Kräfte bewirken im Material eine unerwünschte Zugbeanspruchung, die sich jedoch durch die Ringform vollkommen gleichmäßig verteilt. Dabei ist der Ring vorzugsweise so ausgeführt, daß er nicht vom oberen Kolbenring überlaufen wird, was bereits bei sehr kleinen Fugenstufen zu Schäden führen könnte. Gleichzeitig wird damit sichergestellt, daß der obere Kolbenring im OT an einem gut gekühlten Teil der Brennraumwandung anliegt, so daß eine Überhitzung mit der Gefahr des Ölkohlenansatzes vermieden wird.The solution to this problem is that the ring for thermal insulation is made of ceramic. Ceramic as a good heat-insulating material is known per se, but it is only through the use according to the invention as a heat-insulating ring that it becomes suitable for the desired objectives in a particularly advantageous manner. The large forces exerted by the cylinder head screws only act as compressive forces on the ceramic part, for which the material is well suited. The forces caused by the combustion chamber pressure cause an undesirable tensile stress in the material, which, however, is completely evenly distributed due to the ring shape. The ring is preferably designed so that it is not overrun by the upper piston ring, which could lead to damage even with very small joint steps. At the same time, this ensures that the upper piston ring lies in the TDC on a well-cooled part of the combustion chamber wall, so that overheating with the risk of oil carbon deposits is avoided.

Radiale Spannungen zwischen Zylinderkopf und wärmedämmendem Ring werden erfindungsgemäß durch eine zwischengelegte Ringscheibe, die zwei Gleitebenen für Mikroverschiebungen bildet, abgebaut, während das gleiche für Spannungen zwischen Zylinderrohr und wärmedämmendem Ring durch eine zusätzliche Ringscheibe erreicht werden kann. Als Material hierfür ist Stahlblech gut geeignet.According to the invention, radial tensions between the cylinder head and the heat-insulating ring are reduced by an interposed washer, which forms two sliding planes for micro-displacements, while the same can be achieved for tensions between the cylinder tube and the heat-insulating ring by an additional washer. Sheet steel is well suited as a material for this.

Die erzielten Wirkungen lassen sich durch verschiedene Ausführungsformen des Ringes noch weiter steigern. So können z. B. die genannten Spannungen dadurch noch verbessert abgebaut werden, daß der Ring in Ebenen senkrecht zur Achse in sich geteilt ist. Hierdurch entstehen weitere Gleitebenen.The effects achieved can be further increased by various embodiments of the ring. So z. B. the voltages mentioned can be reduced even better in that the ring is divided into planes perpendicular to the axis. This creates additional sliding planes.

In einfachster Ausführung ist der Keramikring mit entsprechenden Einpaßteilen einfach zwischen Zylinderkopf und Zylinderrohr eingesetzt und ganz oder teilweise dem Kühlmedium ausgesetzt. In anderer Ausführung, die verschiedene Vorteile bietet, ist der Ring vom Zylinderkopf und Zylinderrohr außen dichtend umschlossen. Hierbei. ist ein Wärmeschutz für den Brennraum sichergestellt, während die Oberfläche, die zur Wärmeabfuhr aus dem Zylinderkopf und dem unteren Teil des Zylinderrohres dient und mit . diesem in wärmeleitender Verbindung steht, durch die äußere metallische Umhüllung des Wärmeschutzringes vergrößert ist. Dies gilt insbesondere, wenn diese Ummantelung ebenfalls mit Kühlrippen versehen ist. Zylinderkopf und Zylinderrohr können dabei in üblicher Weise miteinander verspannt oder auch aufeinander aufgeschrumpft, verschraubt oder verschweißt sein. In besonderer Ausgestaltung dieser Variante kann der Ring durch einen radialen Schnitt aufgetrennt und unter Eigenspannung zusammengedrückt eingebaut sein; hierdurch wird auch bei starker Wärmedehnung des umgebenden Kopfes oder Zylinderrohres eine anliegende Verbindung zwischen umgebendem Teil und wärmedämmendem Ring sichergestellt. Sofern der Ring hierbei mehrfach geteilt ist, können die Teilringe zur besseren Dichtigkeit mit zueinander versetztem Stoß eingebaut sein. Zur deutlichen Verringerung des Wärmeübergangs an der Außenseite ist der Ring erfindungsgemäß auch bei ansonsten verripptem Zylinderrohr an seiner Außenseite glatt und zylindrisch ausgeführt.In the simplest version, the ceramic ring with corresponding fitting parts is simply inserted between the cylinder head and the cylinder tube and is fully or partially exposed to the cooling medium. In another version, which offers various advantages, the ring is sealed by the cylinder head and cylinder tube on the outside. Here. Thermal protection for the combustion chamber is ensured while the surface, which is used for heat dissipation from the cylinder head and the lower part of the cylinder tube, is also used. this is in a thermally conductive connection, is enlarged by the outer metallic envelope of the heat protection ring. This applies in particular if this casing is also provided with cooling fins. The cylinder head and cylinder tube can be clamped together in the usual way or also shrunk, screwed or welded onto one another. In a special embodiment of this variant, the ring can be separated by a radial cut and installed compressed under internal stress; in this way, a tight connection between the surrounding part and the heat-insulating ring is ensured even in the case of strong thermal expansion of the surrounding head or cylinder tube. If the ring is divided several times, the partial rings can be installed with an offset joint for better tightness. To significantly reduce the heat transfer on the outside, the ring according to the invention is also in the case of an otherwise ribbed one Cylinder tube is smooth and cylindrical on the outside.

Bei einem außen ummantelten Ring kann es besonders vorteilhaft sein, wenn sich die Außenseite des Ringes zum Zylinderkopf hin konisch erweitert, wodurch zum einen die Wandstärke des Keramikringes dem Gasdruckverlauf angepaßt ist und zum anderen der Wärmeflußquerschnitt der Ummantelung zur Kühlung der Kolbenringumkehrzone verbessert ist.In the case of an externally coated ring, it can be particularly advantageous if the outside of the ring widens conically towards the cylinder head, which on the one hand adapts the wall thickness of the ceramic ring to the gas pressure profile and on the other hand improves the heat flow cross section of the casing for cooling the piston ring reversal zone.

Die zeichnerische Darstellung zeigt in drei Figuren insgesamt sechs Ausführungsformen des erfindungsgemäßen Zylinders mit einem zwischen-Zylinderkopf und Zylinderrohr angeordnetem Ring: .

  • Fig. 1 zeigt einen außen zylindrischen, der Kühlluft vollständig zugänglichen Ring,
  • Fig. 2 zeigt einen außen teilweise konischen, in einem Spalt der Kühlluft zugänglichen Ring,
  • Fig. 3 zeigt einen von einem Teil des Zylinderrohrs außen umschlossenen Ring.
The drawing shows in three figures a total of six embodiments of the cylinder according to the invention with a ring arranged between the cylinder head and the cylinder tube:.
  • 1 shows an outer cylindrical ring which is completely accessible to the cooling air,
  • 2 shows an externally partially conical ring which is accessible in a gap of the cooling air,
  • Fig. 3 shows a ring enclosed by part of the cylinder tube on the outside.

In Fig. 1 ist in einem Schnitt durch die Zylinderachse der Zylinderkopf 1, das Zylinderrohr 2 und der Ring aus Keramik 3 abgebildet. Zwischen dem Ring 3 und dem Zylinderkopf 1 befindet sich eine Ringscheibe 4, während ausschließlich in der linken Hälfte des Schnittes zwischen dem Ring 3 und dem Zylinderrohr 2 ein weiteres Ringblech 5 gezeigt ist. Im Zylinderkopf 1 sind der Einlaß- 6 und Auslaßkanal 7 mit eingesetzten Ventilsitzen 8 und 9 zu erkennen. Mit 10 ist die Lage des oberen Kolbenrings im OT bezeichnet.In Fig. 1, the cylinder head 1, the cylinder tube 2 and the ring made of ceramic 3 is shown in a section through the cylinder axis. Between the ring 3 and the cylinder head 1 there is an annular disc 4, while a further annular plate 5 is shown exclusively in the left half of the section between the ring 3 and the cylinder tube 2. In the cylinder head 1, the intake 6 and exhaust port 7 with inserted valve seats 8 and 9 can be seen. With 10 is the position of the upper piston ring in TDC.

In Fig. 2 sind die Einzelheiten, soweit dargestellt, mit gleichen Ziffern wie in Fig. 1 versehen. Zwischen Zylinderkopf 1 und Zylinderrohr 2 befindet sich ein Spalt 11 für einen Kühlluftzutritt zum Ring 3.In Fig. 2, the details, as far as shown, are provided with the same numbers as in Fig. 1. There is a gap 11 between cylinder head 1 and cylinder tube 2 for cooling air to enter ring 3.

In Fig. 3 ist das Zylinderrohr 2 mit einem aufgezogenen Rippenrohr 12 und einem aufgeschraubten verrippten Kopfteil 13 versehen. Das Kopfteil 13 des Zylinderrohres 2 ist mit dem Zylinderkopf 1 formschlüssig verbunden und umgibt den Ring aus Keramik 3 vollständig. In der linken Hälfte des Schnittes ist der Ring 3 vierfach horizontal geteilt und bei senkrechter Auftrennung mit versetztem Stoß eingebaut dargestellt, während in der rechten Hälfte der Ring 3 einteilig ausgeführt ist.In Fig. 3, the cylinder tube 2 is provided with a finned tube 12 and a screwed ribbed head part 13. The head part 13 of the cylinder tube 2 is positively connected to the cylinder head 1 and completely surrounds the ceramic 3 ring. In the left half of the section, the ring 3 is divided four times horizontally and is shown installed vertically with an offset joint, while in the right half the ring 3 is made in one piece.

Claims (9)

1. Zylinder für Hubkolbenmaschinen mit einem Ring, der zwischen Zylinderkopf und Zylinderrohr angeordnet ist und einen Teil der Zylinderinnenwandung bildet,
dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß der Ring (3) zur Wärmedämmung aus Keramik hergestellt ist.1. cylinder for reciprocating piston machines with a ring which is arranged between the cylinder head and the cylinder tube and forms part of the cylinder inner wall,
characterized in that the ring (3) is made of ceramic for thermal insulation. 2. Zylinder nach Anspruch 1,
dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß zwischen dem Ring (3) und dem Zylinderkopf (1) eine Ringscheibe (4) angeordnet ist.2. Cylinder according to claim 1,
characterized in that an annular disc (4) is arranged between the ring (3) and the cylinder head (1). 3. Zylinder nach einem der Ansprüche 1 oder 2,
dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß die-Außenseite des Rings (3) ganz oder teilweise dem Kühlmedium, insbesondere Kühlluft direkt ausgesetzt ist.3. Cylinder according to one of claims 1 or 2,
characterized in that the outside of the ring (3) is wholly or partly directly exposed to the cooling medium, in particular cooling air. 4. Zylinder nach einem der Ansprüche 1 oder 2,
dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß der Ring (3) von Zylinderkopf (1) und/oder Zylinderrohr (2) außen dichtend umschlossen ist.4. Cylinder according to one of claims 1 or 2,
characterized in that the ring (3) of the cylinder head (1) and / or cylinder tube (2) is sealed outside. 5. Zylinder nach Anspruch 4,
dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß der Ring (3) durch einen radialen Schnitt aufgetrennt und unter Eigenspannung zusammengedrückt eingebaut ist.5. Cylinder according to claim 4,
characterized in that the ring (3) is separated by a radial cut and installed compressed under internal stress. 6. Zylinder nach Anspruch 1 bis 5,
dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß der Ring (3) in Ebenen senkrecht zur Zylinderachse mehrfach geteilt ist.6. Cylinder according to claim 1 to 5,
characterized in that the ring (3) is divided several times in planes perpendicular to the cylinder axis. 7. Zylinder nach den Ansprüche 4 bis 6,
dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß die Teile des Ringes (3) mit versetztem Stoß eingebaut sind.7. Cylinder according to claims 4 to 6,
characterized in that the parts of the ring (3) are installed with an offset joint. 8. Zylinder nach einem der vorhergehenden Ansprüche ,
dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß die Außenseite des Ringes (3) zylindrisch und glatt ist.8. Cylinder according to one of the preceding claims,
characterized in that the outside of the ring (3) is cylindrical and smooth. 9. Zylinder nach einem der vorhergehenden Ansprüche,
dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß die Außenseite des Ringes (3) ganz oder teilweise zum Zylinderkopf (1) hin kegelig erweitert ist.9. Cylinder according to one of the preceding claims,
characterized in that the outside of the ring (3) is wholly or partly widened conically towards the cylinder head (1).
EP81105586A 1980-08-23 1981-07-16 Cylinder for a reciprocating piston machine Expired EP0046505B1 (en)

Priority Applications (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
AT81105586T ATE6685T1 (en) 1980-08-23 1981-07-16 CYLINDERS FOR RECIPROCATING MACHINES.

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
DE19803031926 DE3031926A1 (en) 1980-08-23 1980-08-23 CYLINDER FOR LIFTING PISTON MACHINES
DE3031926 1980-08-23

Publications (2)

Publication Number Publication Date
EP0046505A1 true EP0046505A1 (en) 1982-03-03
EP0046505B1 EP0046505B1 (en) 1984-03-14

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ID=6110299

Family Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
EP81105586A Expired EP0046505B1 (en) 1980-08-23 1981-07-16 Cylinder for a reciprocating piston machine

Country Status (4)

Country Link
US (1) US4462343A (en)
EP (1) EP0046505B1 (en)
AT (1) ATE6685T1 (en)
DE (2) DE3031926A1 (en)

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US7748219B2 (en) * 2005-03-23 2010-07-06 Pdm Solar, Inc. method and apparatus to convert low temperature thermal energy to electricity
US20090077961A1 (en) * 2007-09-24 2009-03-26 Baker David M Heat Concentrator Piston and Chamber

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FR2410141A1 (en) * 1977-11-25 1979-06-22 Kloeckner Humboldt Deutz Ag INTERNAL COMBUSTION ENGINE CYLINDER WITH ALTERNATIVE PISTONS
DE2937788A1 (en) * 1979-09-19 1981-04-02 Klöckner-Humboldt-Deutz AG, 5000 Köln LIGHT METAL CYLINDER HEAD FOR INTERNAL COMBUSTION ENGINES

Cited By (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
EP0105108A1 (en) * 1982-09-30 1984-04-11 Klöckner-Humboldt-Deutz Aktiengesellschaft Internal-combustion piston engine

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DE3031926A1 (en) 1982-04-01
EP0046505B1 (en) 1984-03-14
US4462343A (en) 1984-07-31
DE3162657D1 (en) 1984-04-19
ATE6685T1 (en) 1984-03-15

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