EP0045745A1 - Materiaux ceramiques resistants a l'usure - Google Patents

Materiaux ceramiques resistants a l'usure

Info

Publication number
EP0045745A1
EP0045745A1 EP19800902093 EP80902093A EP0045745A1 EP 0045745 A1 EP0045745 A1 EP 0045745A1 EP 19800902093 EP19800902093 EP 19800902093 EP 80902093 A EP80902093 A EP 80902093A EP 0045745 A1 EP0045745 A1 EP 0045745A1
Authority
EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
grams
ceramic
ceramic composition
weight percent
titanium
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Withdrawn
Application number
EP19800902093
Other languages
German (de)
English (en)
Inventor
Sang H. Lee
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
3M Co
Original Assignee
Minnesota Mining and Manufacturing Co
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Minnesota Mining and Manufacturing Co filed Critical Minnesota Mining and Manufacturing Co
Publication of EP0045745A1 publication Critical patent/EP0045745A1/fr
Withdrawn legal-status Critical Current

Links

Classifications

    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C04—CEMENTS; CONCRETE; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES
    • C04B—LIME, MAGNESIA; SLAG; CEMENTS; COMPOSITIONS THEREOF, e.g. MORTARS, CONCRETE OR LIKE BUILDING MATERIALS; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES; TREATMENT OF NATURAL STONE
    • C04B35/00—Shaped ceramic products characterised by their composition; Ceramics compositions; Processing powders of inorganic compounds preparatory to the manufacturing of ceramic products
    • C04B35/01—Shaped ceramic products characterised by their composition; Ceramics compositions; Processing powders of inorganic compounds preparatory to the manufacturing of ceramic products based on oxide ceramics
    • C04B35/10—Shaped ceramic products characterised by their composition; Ceramics compositions; Processing powders of inorganic compounds preparatory to the manufacturing of ceramic products based on oxide ceramics based on aluminium oxide
    • C04B35/111—Fine ceramics
    • C04B35/117—Composites
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
    • C22C—ALLOYS
    • C22C29/00—Alloys based on carbides, oxides, nitrides, borides, or silicides, e.g. cermets, or other metal compounds, e.g. oxynitrides, sulfides
    • C22C29/12—Alloys based on carbides, oxides, nitrides, borides, or silicides, e.g. cermets, or other metal compounds, e.g. oxynitrides, sulfides based on oxides

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to ceramic compositions which, in addition to the characteristic wear resistance of ceramic, are characterized by their toughness as evidenced by their superior impact resistance.
  • the ceramic compositions of the present invention comprise from 1 to 30 weight percent of a metal phase containing at least one weight percent reactive metal component such as zirconium, hafnium, titanium and yttrium.
  • Yates U.S. Patent 3,409,419 represents one such attempt.
  • Yates generally discloses ceramic compositions consisting of essential nitrides bonded with a binder metal selected from iron, cobalt, nickel and their alloys and also including a wear resistant component selected from aluminum nitride, titanium nitride, alumina and their mixtures. Yates does not utilize a reactive metal component in his ceramic compositions.
  • the present invention relates to ceramic compositions which contain 1 to 10 weight percent of a metal phase containing at least one weight percent metal component such as zirconium, hafnium, titanium and yttrium and wherein the ceramic phase comprises 20 to 80 weight percent alumina and 80 to 20 weight percent nitride of group IVB and VB elements.
  • the ceramic compositions are extremely useful for applications such as metal cutting operations where toughness (impact resistance) is required in addition to exceptional wear resistance.
  • Ceramics have long been known to have excellent wear resistance properties but have suffered from a lack of toughness thus severely limiting their use in the metal removal industry.
  • Oxides and nitrides are chemically more stable than carbides and should be superior materials for use in mechanical applications where wear resistance is a prime requisite if their bond strengths could be enhanced to improve the toughness (impact resistance) of the material.
  • the overall result of these chemical reactions is to improve the bonding strength between individual ceramic grains and thus the toughness (impact resistance) of the material.
  • the useful ceramic materials are aluminum oxide and nitrides of group IVB and group VB elements. These materials all have excellent wear resistance properties in comparison to carbides and metals.
  • the reactive metal phase can be either Zr, Hf, Ti or Y which, according to the equation, form thermodynamically more stable ceramics than the parent ceramics. (Oxides of these elements are thermodynamically more stable than most other engineering oxides.) They can be in elemental form or in alloyed forms with other elements such as Ni, Co or Fe. The advantage of using an alloyed form is that the melting point of the metallic phase is lowered significantly compared to the pure substances.
  • the reactive metal phase used in the present invention includes Ni-Zr alloy powders from Ventron Corp., NiTi powders from Ventron Corp. and a complex Ni-base superalloy available from the International Nickel Co. as IN100, containing Ti and Zr.
  • the ceramic components of the composition of the present invention include aluminum oxide, titanium nitride and zirconium nitride.
  • the individual components were carefully weighed, blended and wet-milled in a ball mill for 48 hours. After milling, the powder slurries were vacuum dried at 260°C. and hot pressed at 1600-1800°C. for 4 to 10 minutes.
  • Hot pressing pressure was 280 kg/cm 2 for all compositions.
  • the hot pressed cylinders were ground on both sides with a diamond grinding wheel before measuring hardness.
  • Test samples of a dimension of 2.54 mm x 2.54 mm x 19.05 mm were made out of the hot pressed cylinders to measure the transverse rupture strength of the materials by 3-point bending tests. The bars were ground with a 15 micron diamond grinding wheel before the test to remove any machining defects.
  • cutting inserts having a geometry 12.7 mm square and 4.75 mm thick were fabricated.
  • a metal slab (work material) was machined by turning on a Lodge and Shipley lathe. The slab was cut with a depth of cut (D.O.C.) of
  • the work material was 4340 steel with a Rockwell hardness of
  • Rc 30 in the form of a 25.4 mm thick slab so that in actual cutting, the inserts encountered two interrupted cuts, or impacts, during each complete revolution of the work piece. The number of these interrupted cuts (impacts) made before the corner of the tool was broken were recorded.
  • Table 1 below shows the results of physical testing for the different compositions of each of the Examples described below.
  • Table 2 shows the results of machining tests for selected compositions.
  • Example 1 207 grams of alumina, 90 grams of titanium nitride and 3 grams of Ni-30 Zr powders were processed exactly the same as in Example 1.
  • the product had a Rockwell hardness of R A 94.0 and a transverse rupture strength of 9660 kg/cm 2 .
  • Example 1 195 grams of alumina, 90 grams of titanium nitride and 15 grams of a complex nickel-based superalloy (IN100) powders were processed exactly the same as in Example 1.
  • the product had a Rockwell hardness of R A 93 and a transverse rupture strength of 9800 kg/cm 2 .
  • Example 2 90 grams of alumina, 195 grams of titanium nitride and 15 grams of Ni-30 Zr powders were processed exactly the same as in Example 1.
  • the product had a Rockwell hardness of R A 93, and a transverse rupture strength of 10,150 kg/cm 2 .
  • Example 2 240 grams of alumina, 45 grams of titanium nitride, and 15 grams of Ni-30 Zr were processed exactly the same as in Example 1.
  • the product had a Rockwell hardness of R A 94 and a transverse rupture strength of 9800 kg/cm 2 .
  • Example 1 182 grams of alumina and 78 grams of titanium nitride were processed exactly the same as in Example 1.
  • the product had a hardness of R A 94.5, and a transverse rupture strength of 6020 kg/cm 2 .
  • Example 1 207 grams of alumina, 90 grams of titanium nitride and 2.25 grams of MgO were processed exactly the same as in Example 1. The product had a Rockwell hardnes of R A 94.5, and a transverse rupture strength of 5390 kg/cm 2 .
  • Example 1 195 grams of alumina, 90 grams of titanium nitride and 15 grams of nickel powders were processed exactly the same as in Example 1.
  • the product had a Rockwell hardness of R A 93.5, and a transverse rupture strength of 8680 kg/cm 2 .
  • Example 1 207 grams of alumina, 90 grams of titanium nitride and 3 grams of Ni powders were processed exactly the same as in Example 1.
  • the product had a Rockwell hardness of R A 94.5, and a transverse rupture strength of 6650 kg/cm 2 .
  • Example 2 57 grams of alumina, 199.5 grams of titanium nitride and 15 grams of Ni-30 Zr powders were processed exactly the same as in Example 1. The dried powders were processed at 1650°C for 7 minutes. The product had a Rockwell hardness of R A 94.0, and a transverse rupture strength of 9450 kg/cm 2 .
  • EXAMPLE 11 228 grams of alumina, 57 grams of titanium nitride and 15 grams of Ni-30 Zr powders were processed exactly the same as in Example 10. The product had a Rockwell hardness of R A 94.0, and a transverse rupture strength of 9940 kg/cm 2 .
  • Example 10 195 grams of alumina, 90 grams of zirconium nitride and 15 grams of Ni-30 Zr powders were processed exactly the same as in Example 10.
  • the product had a Rockwell hardness of R A 94.0 and a transverse rupture strength of 9800 kg/cm 2 .
  • Example 10 195 grams of alumina, 90 grams of zirconium nitride and 15 grams of Ni-30 Ti powders were processed exactly the same as in Example 10.
  • the product had a Rockwell hardness of R A 93.5, and a transverse rupture strength of 9100 kg/cm 2 .
  • Example 1 Examination of both Tables 1 and 2 will reveal that the reactive metal component is essential in obtaining the required impact properties in the resultin ceramic materials.
  • Example 8 and Example 2 direct comparison of Example 1 with Example 8 and Example 2 with Example 9 clearly show that exceptional impact resistance is achieved when a reactive metal is present while its absence results in a ceramic material of minimal value in applications where toughness is required. Similar results will be observed for ceramic compositions containing only alumina and TiN (Examples 6 and 7).

Landscapes

  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Ceramic Engineering (AREA)
  • Materials Engineering (AREA)
  • Organic Chemistry (AREA)
  • Composite Materials (AREA)
  • Manufacturing & Machinery (AREA)
  • Structural Engineering (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • Metallurgy (AREA)
  • Compositions Of Oxide Ceramics (AREA)

Abstract

Materiaux ceramiques durs et resistants a l'usure a base de nitrure de titane-alumine a liaison metallique de reaction. Le corps composite ceramique contient une phase metallique avec des composants metalliques reactifs tels que Zr, Ti, Hf, ou Y pour obtenir la caracteristique de durete. Les compositions sont extremement utiles dans des applications telles que des operations de coupe de metaux ou 1, on a besoin d'une durete accrue en plus de la resistance a l'usure exceptionnelle que les materiaux ceramiques possedent generalement.
EP19800902093 1979-10-26 1980-09-22 Materiaux ceramiques resistants a l'usure Withdrawn EP0045745A1 (fr)

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
US8837679A 1979-10-26 1979-10-26
US88376 1979-10-26

Publications (1)

Publication Number Publication Date
EP0045745A1 true EP0045745A1 (fr) 1982-02-17

Family

ID=22211014

Family Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
EP19800902093 Withdrawn EP0045745A1 (fr) 1979-10-26 1980-09-22 Materiaux ceramiques resistants a l'usure

Country Status (2)

Country Link
EP (1) EP0045745A1 (fr)
WO (1) WO1981001144A1 (fr)

Families Citing this family (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
EP1560799A2 (fr) * 2002-11-11 2005-08-10 EMPA Eidgenössische Materialprüfungs- und Forschungsanstalt Composites ceramique-metal ou metal-ceramique

Family Cites Families (17)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
DE1072182B (de) * 1959-12-24 VEB Hartmetallwerk Im'meib'orn, Imirmel'born (Thur.) Verfahren zur Herstellung keramischer Verbundwerkstoffe
US3143413A (en) * 1960-06-03 1964-08-04 Siegfried G Krapf Ceramic materials and methods for their manufacture
US3705025A (en) * 1968-11-18 1972-12-05 Du Pont Cutting tool
FR1600142A (fr) * 1968-12-31 1970-07-20
US3565643A (en) * 1969-03-03 1971-02-23 Du Pont Alumina - metalline compositions bonded with aluminide and titanide intermetallics
US3580708A (en) * 1969-03-06 1971-05-25 Nippon Tungsten Method of forming cutting tool materials consisting of alumina and titanium carbide
BE759202A (fr) * 1969-11-21 1971-04-30 Du Pont Articles de joaillerie a base de nitrures
US3816158A (en) * 1972-07-11 1974-06-11 L Jacobs Bonding and forming inorganic materials
SU565488A1 (ru) * 1974-11-12 1979-05-30 Всесоюзный научно-исследовательский и проектный институт тугоплавких металлов и твердых сплавов Керамический режущий материал
US4022584A (en) * 1976-05-11 1977-05-10 Erwin Rudy Sintered cermets for tool and wear applications
NL7605917A (en) * 1976-06-02 1977-12-06 Philips Nv Sintered articles of aluminium oxide and iron, cobalt or nickel - have good electrical and thermal conductivity e.g. for semiconductors
US4217113A (en) * 1977-06-13 1980-08-12 Massachusetts Institute Of Technology Aluminum oxide-containing metal compositions and cutting tool made therefrom
JPS54134717A (en) * 1978-04-12 1979-10-19 Nippon Tungsten Cutting tool material and its manufacture
JPS6041017B2 (ja) * 1978-06-13 1985-09-13 日本特殊陶業株式会社 切削工具用セラミック焼結体とその製法
JPH0589410A (ja) * 1991-09-30 1993-04-09 Toshiba Corp フロツピーデイスク装置
JP3021915B2 (ja) * 1992-02-14 2000-03-15 三洋電機株式会社 太陽電池ツリー
JPH05237913A (ja) * 1992-02-27 1993-09-17 Mitsubishi Heavy Ind Ltd 高混練スクリュ

Non-Patent Citations (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Title
See references of WO8101144A1 *

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
WO1981001144A1 (fr) 1981-04-30

Similar Documents

Publication Publication Date Title
EP0598140B1 (fr) Céramiques frittées à base de nitrure de bore cubique pour l'outil de tournage
EP1313887B1 (fr) Procede d'elaboration d'un produit abrasif contenant du nitrure de bore cubique
US4022584A (en) Sintered cermets for tool and wear applications
US3565643A (en) Alumina - metalline compositions bonded with aluminide and titanide intermetallics
US3676161A (en) Refractories bonded with aluminides,nickelides,or titanides
JPH03211250A (ja) 切削工具用高圧相窒化ホウ素焼結体及びその製造方法
KR920004669B1 (ko) 씨메트(cermet) 절삭공구
US4217113A (en) Aluminum oxide-containing metal compositions and cutting tool made therefrom
JP2523452B2 (ja) 高強度立方晶窒化ホウ素焼結体
GB1571603A (en) Cemented titanium carbide compacts
US4792353A (en) Aluminum oxide-metal compositions
EP0045745A1 (fr) Materiaux ceramiques resistants a l'usure
JP2502364B2 (ja) 工具用高硬度焼結体
US3542529A (en) Metal bonded alumina-carbide compositions
JPH06198504A (ja) 高硬度焼結体切削工具
JPS58164750A (ja) 切削工具用超高圧焼結材料
JPS60187659A (ja) 切削工具用立方晶窒化硼素基超高圧焼結材料
JPS6389471A (ja) 酸化アルミニウム基セラミックス製切削工具
JP2514088B2 (ja) 高硬度及び高靭性焼結合金
JP2626006B2 (ja) 難削材の切削が可能な立方晶窒化ほう素基超高圧焼結材料製切削チップ
JP2502362B2 (ja) 工具用高硬度焼結体
JPH10193210A (ja) 切刃片がすぐれたろう付け接合強度を有する超硬合金製切削工具
JPH075384B2 (ja) 立方晶窒化ホウ素系焼結体
JPS58113348A (ja) 切削工具用立方晶窒化硼素基超高圧焼結材料
JPS5942067B2 (ja) 切削工具用強靭性炭化タングステン基超硬合金

Legal Events

Date Code Title Description
PUAI Public reference made under article 153(3) epc to a published international application that has entered the european phase

Free format text: ORIGINAL CODE: 0009012

AK Designated contracting states

Designated state(s): AT CH DE FR GB LU NL SE

STAA Information on the status of an ep patent application or granted ep patent

Free format text: STATUS: THE APPLICATION IS DEEMED TO BE WITHDRAWN

18D Application deemed to be withdrawn

Effective date: 19820224

RIN1 Information on inventor provided before grant (corrected)

Inventor name: LEE, SANG H.