EP0041648A2 - Fluidized bed combustion chamber - Google Patents
Fluidized bed combustion chamber Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- EP0041648A2 EP0041648A2 EP81104066A EP81104066A EP0041648A2 EP 0041648 A2 EP0041648 A2 EP 0041648A2 EP 81104066 A EP81104066 A EP 81104066A EP 81104066 A EP81104066 A EP 81104066A EP 0041648 A2 EP0041648 A2 EP 0041648A2
- Authority
- EP
- European Patent Office
- Prior art keywords
- combustion chamber
- grooves
- fluidized bed
- bed
- bed combustion
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Granted
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Classifications
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
- F23C—METHODS OR APPARATUS FOR COMBUSTION USING FLUID FUEL OR SOLID FUEL SUSPENDED IN A CARRIER GAS OR AIR
- F23C10/00—Fluidised bed combustion apparatus
- F23C10/16—Fluidised bed combustion apparatus specially adapted for operation at superatmospheric pressures, e.g. by the arrangement of the combustion chamber and its auxiliary systems inside a pressure vessel
Definitions
- the present invention relates to a fluidized bed combustion chamber according to the prior art portion of claim 1.
- the combustion chamber is preferably intended to operate under pressure.
- Combustion chambers of this kind are of a particular interest for generating gas for large gas turbines or for plants with a combination of a gas turbine and a steam turbine. They permit free choice of fuel and are advantageous from the point of view of environment.
- Combustion chambers of this kind suffer from a tendency to accumulation of coarser bed particles in the lower part of a bed after some time in operation. This is particularly the case with combustion chambers having a large bed height. Bed heights of from 3 to 4.5 metres may occur since it is desired to increase the time during which the fuel particles are in the bed in order to increase the combustion efficiency and reduce the exhaust of environmentally detrimental components in the fuel. Large bed heights are therefore of a particular interest for combustion chambers for solid fuels.
- the purpose of the invention is to reduce the tendency to segregation of particles of different sizes to different layers of the bed, to provide a smoother surface for the bed, and generally to achieve improved fluidizing conditions in the bed.
- the lower part of the combustion chamber is formed with two or more parallel ditches having sloping side walls
- the upper part of the combustion chamber opens out into a common combustion chamber space.
- the fluidized bed a suitalbe geometrical shape with a suitable ratio between the area at the top and bottom parts of the fluidized bed.
- the top area and the bottom area are chosen so that the ratio between said areas is between 1.3 and 3.0.
- a ratio between the areas is chosen which is between 1.5 and 2.0.
- the inclination of the side walls of the ditches should be between 3° and 15°, preferably between 5° and 10°.
- the invention results in an improved circulation pattern, a long dwell time of the fuel in the bed, good combustion efficiency, and good sulphur absorption. These favourable properties are particularly prominent in the case of beds of large heights. Further, there is obtained a low gas speed at the bed surface and therefore a calm bed surface and a low content of particles in the gas which leaves the bed. A low content of particles is of particular importance when the gas is utilized directly for driving a gas turbine connected to the combustion chamber.
- the embodiment of the combustion chamber gives a good controllability when used in conjunction with a gas turbine. In case of partial load, the pressure and the temperature are varied. The combustion chamber is then driven with a lower bed level while maintaining the good fluidizing 'and combustion conditions.
- the embodiment of the bed gives a very even bed temperature, which is especially desirable when the combustion chamber serves as a source of heat for a gas turbine.
- the embodiment of the bed also makes possible a very good utilization of the space in a spherical pressure vessel.
- a bed with a very large area may be located in the pressure vessel in different ways and the surrounding spaces may be efficiently utilized for cleaning equipment, for example cyclones.
- 1 designates a pressure vessel which encloses a combustion chamber 2 and cleaners 3 connected thereto.
- the lower portion of the combustion chamber 2 is formed with two parallel ditches or grooves 4, the walls 5 of which incline at an angle OG of between 3 0 and 15 0 .
- the height of these grooves 5 is approximately equal to the height of the fluidized bed 6.
- At the bottom of the grooves 4 there is a bottom 7 with openings or nozzles for blowing combustion air into the bed 6.
- Fuel is in- troducedinto the bed 6 through nozzles, not shown.
- Below the bottom 7 there is an air distribution chamber 8 which communicates, through a throttle valve 9, with a space 10 between the pressure vessel 1 and the combustion chamber 2.
- the area of the grooves 4, at the transition to the common space 11 in the combustion chamber 2, is 1.3 - 3 times greater than the area at the bottom 7.
- Compressed combustion air is supplied to the pressure vessel space 10 through the annular space 12 between the conduits 13 and 14.
- the combustion gases from the combustion chamber 2 are passed to a gas turbine (not shown) via the cleaners 3, the conduits 15, the collecting pipe 16 and the conduit 13.
- the fluidized bed 6 contains cooling coils 17 in which steam is generated. This steam is utilized in a steam turbine operating in parallel with a gas turbine.
- channels 18 may be formed with a perforated bottom 19 and with a distributing chamber 20 which, through a throttle valve 21 in it's bottom wall, communicates with the space 10.
- the channels 18 permit transportation of bed material between the bottom portions of the grooves 4. This transport of bed material is favourable from the point of view of regulation.
- Figures 2 and.3 show a horizontal and vertical section, respectively, of an alternative arrangement of a combustion chamber 2 and cleaners 3 in an cylindrical vessel 1. Groups of cleaners 3 are positioned at the ends of the pressure vessel 1.
- Figures 4, 5, 6 and 7 show horizontal and vertical sections, respectively, of alternative arrangements with the combustion chamber 2 in a spherical pressure vessel 1.
- the groups of cleaners 3 are positioned at the long sides of the combustion chamber 2 in the arrangement according to Figures 4 and 5.
- Groups of cleaners 3 are positioned at all the sides of the combustion chamber 2 in the arrangement according to Figures 6 and 7.
Landscapes
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Combustion & Propulsion (AREA)
- Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
- General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Fluidized-Bed Combustion And Resonant Combustion (AREA)
- Devices And Processes Conducted In The Presence Of Fluids And Solid Particles (AREA)
- Crucibles And Fluidized-Bed Furnaces (AREA)
Abstract
Description
- The present invention relates to a fluidized bed combustion chamber according to the prior art portion of claim 1. The combustion chamber is preferably intended to operate under pressure. Combustion chambers of this kind are of a particular interest for generating gas for large gas turbines or for plants with a combination of a gas turbine and a steam turbine. They permit free choice of fuel and are advantageous from the point of view of environment.
- Combustion chambers of this kind suffer from a tendency to accumulation of coarser bed particles in the lower part of a bed after some time in operation. This is particularly the case with combustion chambers having a large bed height. Bed heights of from 3 to 4.5 metres may occur since it is desired to increase the time during which the fuel particles are in the bed in order to increase the combustion efficiency and reduce the exhaust of environmentally detrimental components in the fuel. Large bed heights are therefore of a particular interest for combustion chambers for solid fuels.
- The purpose of the invention is to reduce the tendency to segregation of particles of different sizes to different layers of the bed, to provide a smoother surface for the bed, and generally to achieve improved fluidizing conditions in the bed.
- These aims are achieved with a fluidized bed combustion chamber of the above-mentioned kind which is characterized by the features stated in the characterizing portion of claim 1.
- Particular embodiments of the invention are characterized by the features stated in the further claims.
- While, according to the invention, the lower part of the combustion chamber is formed with two or more parallel ditches having sloping side walls, the upper part of the combustion chamber opens out into a common combustion chamber space. By this construction it.will be possible to give the fluidized bed a suitalbe geometrical shape with a suitable ratio between the area at the top and bottom parts of the fluidized bed. The top area and the bottom area are chosen so that the ratio between said areas is between 1.3 and 3.0. Preferably, a ratio between the areas is chosen which is between 1.5 and 2.0. The inclination of the side walls of the ditches should be between 3° and 15°, preferably between 5° and 10°.
- With the above-mentioned shape of the fluidized bed, fa- vourable fluidizing conditions are obtained during operation. With an area ratio between 1.5 and 2.0 and with an inclination of the side walls of between 5° and 10°, a good mixture of bed particles and fuel and an even temperature distribution are obtained. The shape of the bed is favourable from the point of view of regulation and operates in a favourable manner also in the case of partial load. No segregation, or only insignificant segregation, of the bed material is obtained, and thus there is no unfavourable accumulation of coarse bed material at the bottom of the bed. The embodiment permits greater variation of the sizes of the grains of the bed material included.
- The invention results in an improved circulation pattern, a long dwell time of the fuel in the bed, good combustion efficiency, and good sulphur absorption. These favourable properties are particularly prominent in the case of beds of large heights. Further, there is obtained a low gas speed at the bed surface and therefore a calm bed surface and a low content of particles in the gas which leaves the bed. A low content of particles is of particular importance when the gas is utilized directly for driving a gas turbine connected to the combustion chamber. The embodiment of the combustion chamber gives a good controllability when used in conjunction with a gas turbine. In case of partial load, the pressure and the temperature are varied. The combustion chamber is then driven with a lower bed level while maintaining the good fluidizing 'and combustion conditions. The embodiment of the bed gives a very even bed temperature, which is especially desirable when the combustion chamber serves as a source of heat for a gas turbine. The embodiment of the bed also makes possible a very good utilization of the space in a spherical pressure vessel. A bed with a very large area may be located in the pressure vessel in different ways and the surrounding spaces may be efficiently utilized for cleaning equipment, for example cyclones.
- The invention will be described in greater detail with reference to the accompanying drawings in which:
- Figur 1 shows schematically a section through a first embodiment of a combustion chamber according to the invention which, together with gas cleaners, is positioned inside a cylindrical pressure vessel,
- Figures2 and 3 show a horizontal and vertical section, respectively, of a second embodiment of a combustion chamber according to the invention,
- Figures 4 and 5 show a third embodiment according to the invention in the same way of representation as in the Figures 2 and 3 with a spherical pressure vessel,
- Figures6 and 7 show a fourth embodiment according to the invention similar to that of the Figures 4 and 5, but with a different arrangement of the cleaners.
- In the Figures, 1 designates a pressure vessel which encloses a
combustion chamber 2 andcleaners 3 connected thereto. The lower portion of thecombustion chamber 2 is formed with two parallel ditches or grooves 4, the walls 5 of which incline at an angle OG of between 30 and 150. The height of these grooves 5 is approximately equal to the height of the fluidizedbed 6. At the bottom of the grooves 4 there is abottom 7 with openings or nozzles for blowing combustion air into thebed 6. Fuel is in- troducedinto thebed 6 through nozzles, not shown. Below thebottom 7 there is anair distribution chamber 8 which communicates, through a throttle valve 9, with aspace 10 between the pressure vessel 1 and thecombustion chamber 2. The area of the grooves 4, at the transition to thecommon space 11 in thecombustion chamber 2, is 1.3 - 3 times greater than the area at thebottom 7. Compressed combustion air is supplied to thepressure vessel space 10 through theannular space 12 between theconduits combustion chamber 2 are passed to a gas turbine (not shown) via thecleaners 3, theconduits 15, thecollecting pipe 16 and theconduit 13. The fluidizedbed 6 containscooling coils 17 in which steam is generated. This steam is utilized in a steam turbine operating in parallel with a gas turbine. Between the two grooves 4 there are a number of smaller connectingchannels 18, through which hydrostatic communication between the grooves 4 is obtained. Thesechannels 18 may be formed with aperforated bottom 19 and with a distributing chamber 20 which, through athrottle valve 21 in it's bottom wall, communicates with thespace 10. Thechannels 18 permit transportation of bed material between the bottom portions of the grooves 4. This transport of bed material is favourable from the point of view of regulation. - Figures 2 and.3 show a horizontal and vertical section, respectively, of an alternative arrangement of a
combustion chamber 2 andcleaners 3 in an cylindrical vessel 1. Groups ofcleaners 3 are positioned at the ends of the pressure vessel 1. - Figures 4, 5, 6 and 7 show horizontal and vertical sections, respectively, of alternative arrangements with the
combustion chamber 2 in a spherical pressure vessel 1. The groups ofcleaners 3 are positioned at the long sides of thecombustion chamber 2 in the arrangement according to Figures 4 and 5. Groups ofcleaners 3 are positioned at all the sides of thecombustion chamber 2 in the arrangement according to Figures 6 and 7.
Claims (4)
Applications Claiming Priority (2)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
SE8004192A SE438028B (en) | 1980-06-05 | 1980-06-05 | VIRVELBEDDSBRENNKAMMARE |
SE8004192 | 1980-06-05 |
Publications (3)
Publication Number | Publication Date |
---|---|
EP0041648A2 true EP0041648A2 (en) | 1981-12-16 |
EP0041648A3 EP0041648A3 (en) | 1982-04-07 |
EP0041648B1 EP0041648B1 (en) | 1984-08-29 |
Family
ID=20341144
Family Applications (1)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
---|---|---|---|
EP19810104066 Expired EP0041648B1 (en) | 1980-06-05 | 1981-05-27 | Fluidized bed combustion chamber |
Country Status (4)
Country | Link |
---|---|
EP (1) | EP0041648B1 (en) |
JP (1) | JPS5727125A (en) |
DE (1) | DE3165755D1 (en) |
SE (1) | SE438028B (en) |
Cited By (6)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
DE3221567A1 (en) * | 1982-06-08 | 1983-12-08 | Bergwerksverband Gmbh, 4300 Essen | Fluidized bed furnace |
WO1987006678A1 (en) * | 1986-04-30 | 1987-11-05 | A. Ahlstrom Corporation | Fluidized bed reactor |
US4760817A (en) * | 1986-12-03 | 1988-08-02 | Asea Stal Aktiebolag | Fluidized bed combustion chamber in a power plant |
EP0281165A1 (en) * | 1987-02-28 | 1988-09-07 | Metallgesellschaft Ag | Fluidised-bed installation |
WO1989000660A1 (en) * | 1987-07-13 | 1989-01-26 | A. Ahlstrom Corporation | Circulating fluidized bed reactor |
USRE33230E (en) * | 1986-04-30 | 1990-06-12 | A. Ahlstrom Corporation | Fluidized bed reactor |
Families Citing this family (1)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
JP3066969B2 (en) * | 1989-01-05 | 2000-07-17 | 株式会社東芝 | Electric vehicle drive |
Citations (3)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
GB736686A (en) * | 1951-08-22 | 1955-09-14 | Metallgesellschaft Ag | Method of roasting sulphidic ores |
US3908284A (en) * | 1971-09-29 | 1975-09-30 | Ceskoslovenska Akademie Ved | Method of and apparatus for heat transfer in a fluidized bed |
DE2934787A1 (en) * | 1978-09-12 | 1980-03-20 | Stal Laval Turbin Ab | SWIRLBOARD COMBUSTION CHAMBER |
-
1980
- 1980-06-05 SE SE8004192A patent/SE438028B/en not_active IP Right Cessation
-
1981
- 1981-05-27 EP EP19810104066 patent/EP0041648B1/en not_active Expired
- 1981-05-27 DE DE8181104066T patent/DE3165755D1/en not_active Expired
- 1981-06-04 JP JP8631381A patent/JPS5727125A/en active Pending
Patent Citations (3)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
GB736686A (en) * | 1951-08-22 | 1955-09-14 | Metallgesellschaft Ag | Method of roasting sulphidic ores |
US3908284A (en) * | 1971-09-29 | 1975-09-30 | Ceskoslovenska Akademie Ved | Method of and apparatus for heat transfer in a fluidized bed |
DE2934787A1 (en) * | 1978-09-12 | 1980-03-20 | Stal Laval Turbin Ab | SWIRLBOARD COMBUSTION CHAMBER |
Cited By (9)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
DE3221567A1 (en) * | 1982-06-08 | 1983-12-08 | Bergwerksverband Gmbh, 4300 Essen | Fluidized bed furnace |
US4545959A (en) * | 1982-06-08 | 1985-10-08 | Bergwerksverband Gmbh | Treatment chamber with fluidized bed |
WO1987006678A1 (en) * | 1986-04-30 | 1987-11-05 | A. Ahlstrom Corporation | Fluidized bed reactor |
US4864944A (en) * | 1986-04-30 | 1989-09-12 | A. Ahlstrom Corporation | Fluidized bed reactor |
USRE33230E (en) * | 1986-04-30 | 1990-06-12 | A. Ahlstrom Corporation | Fluidized bed reactor |
US4760817A (en) * | 1986-12-03 | 1988-08-02 | Asea Stal Aktiebolag | Fluidized bed combustion chamber in a power plant |
EP0281165A1 (en) * | 1987-02-28 | 1988-09-07 | Metallgesellschaft Ag | Fluidised-bed installation |
US4817563A (en) * | 1987-02-28 | 1989-04-04 | Metallgesellschaft Aktiengesellschaft | Fluidized bed system |
WO1989000660A1 (en) * | 1987-07-13 | 1989-01-26 | A. Ahlstrom Corporation | Circulating fluidized bed reactor |
Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
---|---|
SE8004192L (en) | 1981-12-06 |
EP0041648B1 (en) | 1984-08-29 |
JPS5727125A (en) | 1982-02-13 |
EP0041648A3 (en) | 1982-04-07 |
SE438028B (en) | 1985-03-25 |
DE3165755D1 (en) | 1984-10-04 |
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