EP0041205A1 - Process for the manufacturing of filter materials - Google Patents
Process for the manufacturing of filter materials Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- EP0041205A1 EP0041205A1 EP19810103970 EP81103970A EP0041205A1 EP 0041205 A1 EP0041205 A1 EP 0041205A1 EP 19810103970 EP19810103970 EP 19810103970 EP 81103970 A EP81103970 A EP 81103970A EP 0041205 A1 EP0041205 A1 EP 0041205A1
- Authority
- EP
- European Patent Office
- Prior art keywords
- resin
- paper
- paper web
- cellulose
- monomers
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Granted
Links
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 31
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 title abstract description 4
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 title description 13
- 229920005989 resin Polymers 0.000 claims abstract description 51
- 239000011347 resin Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 51
- 239000000178 monomer Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 38
- 239000000839 emulsion Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 27
- 229920002678 cellulose Polymers 0.000 claims abstract description 15
- 239000001913 cellulose Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 15
- 238000002485 combustion reaction Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 10
- 238000005470 impregnation Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 7
- 230000005855 radiation Effects 0.000 claims description 11
- 229920005862 polyol Polymers 0.000 claims description 10
- 150000003077 polyols Chemical class 0.000 claims description 10
- NIXOWILDQLNWCW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-Propenoic acid Natural products OC(=O)C=C NIXOWILDQLNWCW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 7
- 238000003847 radiation curing Methods 0.000 claims description 6
- 239000000835 fiber Substances 0.000 claims description 5
- SMZOUWXMTYCWNB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-(2-methoxy-5-methylphenyl)ethanamine Chemical compound COC1=CC=C(C)C=C1CCN SMZOUWXMTYCWNB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 4
- 229920000742 Cotton Polymers 0.000 claims description 4
- 239000000853 adhesive Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- 230000001070 adhesive effect Effects 0.000 claims description 2
- 125000005397 methacrylic acid ester group Chemical group 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000006185 dispersion Substances 0.000 abstract description 2
- 239000000758 substrate Substances 0.000 abstract description 2
- 238000010894 electron beam technology Methods 0.000 abstract 2
- 238000010009 beating Methods 0.000 abstract 1
- 239000000123 paper Substances 0.000 description 59
- 239000003995 emulsifying agent Substances 0.000 description 18
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 description 12
- 239000002245 particle Substances 0.000 description 8
- 229920001568 phenolic resin Polymers 0.000 description 7
- 239000005011 phenolic resin Substances 0.000 description 7
- 150000001298 alcohols Chemical class 0.000 description 6
- 238000001723 curing Methods 0.000 description 6
- WXZMFSXDPGVJKK-UHFFFAOYSA-N pentaerythritol Chemical compound OCC(CO)(CO)CO WXZMFSXDPGVJKK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 5
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 5
- IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N Atomic nitrogen Chemical compound N#N IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- ZJCCRDAZUWHFQH-UHFFFAOYSA-N Trimethylolpropane Chemical compound CCC(CO)(CO)CO ZJCCRDAZUWHFQH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- -1 a) 4 Chemical class 0.000 description 4
- LLEMOWNGBBNAJR-UHFFFAOYSA-N biphenyl-2-ol Chemical compound OC1=CC=CC=C1C1=CC=CC=C1 LLEMOWNGBBNAJR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 239000003795 chemical substances by application Substances 0.000 description 4
- LYCAIKOWRPUZTN-UHFFFAOYSA-N ethylene glycol Natural products OCCO LYCAIKOWRPUZTN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- KXGFMDJXCMQABM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-methoxy-6-methylphenol Chemical compound [CH]OC1=CC=CC([CH])=C1O KXGFMDJXCMQABM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- IAYPIBMASNFSPL-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ethylene oxide Chemical compound C1CO1 IAYPIBMASNFSPL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- HVVWZTWDBSEWIH-UHFFFAOYSA-N [2-(hydroxymethyl)-3-prop-2-enoyloxy-2-(prop-2-enoyloxymethyl)propyl] prop-2-enoate Chemical compound C=CC(=O)OCC(CO)(COC(=O)C=C)COC(=O)C=C HVVWZTWDBSEWIH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 150000001252 acrylic acid derivatives Chemical class 0.000 description 3
- WNLRTRBMVRJNCN-UHFFFAOYSA-N adipic acid Chemical compound OC(=O)CCCCC(O)=O WNLRTRBMVRJNCN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 125000000129 anionic group Chemical group 0.000 description 3
- 238000006243 chemical reaction Methods 0.000 description 3
- 238000009833 condensation Methods 0.000 description 3
- 230000005494 condensation Effects 0.000 description 3
- MTHSVFCYNBDYFN-UHFFFAOYSA-N diethylene glycol Chemical compound OCCOCCO MTHSVFCYNBDYFN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 3
- ACCCMOQWYVYDOT-UHFFFAOYSA-N hexane-1,1-diol Chemical compound CCCCCC(O)O ACCCMOQWYVYDOT-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 125000005395 methacrylic acid group Chemical group 0.000 description 3
- SNQQPOLDUKLAAF-UHFFFAOYSA-N nonylphenol Chemical compound CCCCCCCCCC1=CC=CC=C1O SNQQPOLDUKLAAF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 229920000642 polymer Polymers 0.000 description 3
- 229920001451 polypropylene glycol Polymers 0.000 description 3
- 238000002360 preparation method Methods 0.000 description 3
- 239000007787 solid Substances 0.000 description 3
- INQDDHNZXOAFFD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-[2-(2-prop-2-enoyloxyethoxy)ethoxy]ethyl prop-2-enoate Chemical compound C=CC(=O)OCCOCCOCCOC(=O)C=C INQDDHNZXOAFFD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- OMIGHNLMNHATMP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-hydroxyethyl prop-2-enoate Chemical compound OCCOC(=O)C=C OMIGHNLMNHATMP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- NIXOWILDQLNWCW-UHFFFAOYSA-M Acrylate Chemical compound [O-]C(=O)C=C NIXOWILDQLNWCW-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 2
- 239000004721 Polyphenylene oxide Substances 0.000 description 2
- ULUAUXLGCMPNKK-UHFFFAOYSA-N Sulfobutanedioic acid Chemical compound OC(=O)CC(C(O)=O)S(O)(=O)=O ULUAUXLGCMPNKK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 239000000654 additive Substances 0.000 description 2
- DMSMPAJRVJJAGA-UHFFFAOYSA-N benzo[d]isothiazol-3-one Chemical compound C1=CC=C2C(=O)NSC2=C1 DMSMPAJRVJJAGA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 239000011248 coating agent Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000000576 coating method Methods 0.000 description 2
- 150000001875 compounds Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- 238000001035 drying Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000004945 emulsification Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000003912 environmental pollution Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000032050 esterification Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000005886 esterification reaction Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000000446 fuel Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000000417 fungicide Substances 0.000 description 2
- RRAMGCGOFNQTLD-UHFFFAOYSA-N hexamethylene diisocyanate Chemical compound O=C=NCCCCCCN=C=O RRAMGCGOFNQTLD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- XXMIOPMDWAUFGU-UHFFFAOYSA-N hexane-1,6-diol Chemical compound OCCCCCCO XXMIOPMDWAUFGU-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 125000002887 hydroxy group Chemical group [H]O* 0.000 description 2
- 239000008384 inner phase Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000012948 isocyanate Substances 0.000 description 2
- 150000002513 isocyanates Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- BKFPILLUYYCDSK-UHFFFAOYSA-N n-(4-formamido-3-methylphenyl)formamide Chemical compound CC1=CC(NC=O)=CC=C1NC=O BKFPILLUYYCDSK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- LQNUZADURLCDLV-UHFFFAOYSA-N nitrobenzene Chemical compound [O-][N+](=O)C1=CC=CC=C1 LQNUZADURLCDLV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 229910052757 nitrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 229920000847 nonoxynol Polymers 0.000 description 2
- 235000010292 orthophenyl phenol Nutrition 0.000 description 2
- 239000012071 phase Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229920000728 polyester Polymers 0.000 description 2
- 229920000570 polyether Polymers 0.000 description 2
- 229920001223 polyethylene glycol Polymers 0.000 description 2
- 229920001296 polysiloxane Polymers 0.000 description 2
- 229920002635 polyurethane Polymers 0.000 description 2
- 239000004814 polyurethane Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000011148 porous material Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000003755 preservative agent Substances 0.000 description 2
- CXMXRPHRNRROMY-UHFFFAOYSA-N sebacic acid Chemical compound OC(=O)CCCCCCCCC(O)=O CXMXRPHRNRROMY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 239000000243 solution Substances 0.000 description 2
- DVKJHBMWWAPEIU-UHFFFAOYSA-N toluene 2,4-diisocyanate Chemical compound CC1=CC=C(N=C=O)C=C1N=C=O DVKJHBMWWAPEIU-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- STCOOQWBFONSKY-UHFFFAOYSA-N tributyl phosphate Chemical compound CCCCOP(=O)(OCCCC)OCCCC STCOOQWBFONSKY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- DNIAPMSPPWPWGF-GSVOUGTGSA-N (R)-(-)-Propylene glycol Chemical compound C[C@@H](O)CO DNIAPMSPPWPWGF-GSVOUGTGSA-N 0.000 description 1
- GJIQMPWVGQUEAV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1,1-dihydroxybutyl prop-2-enoate Chemical compound CCCC(O)(O)OC(=O)C=C GJIQMPWVGQUEAV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- MYWOJODOMFBVCB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1,2,6-trimethylphenanthrene Chemical compound CC1=CC=C2C3=CC(C)=CC=C3C=CC2=C1C MYWOJODOMFBVCB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- ZDQNWDNMNKSMHI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1-[2-(2-prop-2-enoyloxypropoxy)propoxy]propan-2-yl prop-2-enoate Chemical compound C=CC(=O)OC(C)COC(C)COCC(C)OC(=O)C=C ZDQNWDNMNKSMHI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- UTHDGOQKIWLLCO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1-hydroxyhexyl prop-2-enoate Chemical compound CCCCCC(O)OC(=O)C=C UTHDGOQKIWLLCO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- VOBUAPTXJKMNCT-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1-prop-2-enoyloxyhexyl prop-2-enoate Chemical compound CCCCCC(OC(=O)C=C)OC(=O)C=C VOBUAPTXJKMNCT-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- LCZVSXRMYJUNFX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-[2-(2-hydroxypropoxy)propoxy]propan-1-ol Chemical compound CC(O)COC(C)COC(C)CO LCZVSXRMYJUNFX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- WROUWQQRXUBECT-UHFFFAOYSA-M 2-ethylacrylate Chemical compound CCC(=C)C([O-])=O WROUWQQRXUBECT-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 1
- IVXDDXAWVZEZKU-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-hydroxyethyl 2-methylprop-2-enoate;prop-2-enoic acid Chemical compound OC(=O)C=C.CC(=C)C(=O)OCCO IVXDDXAWVZEZKU-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- VHSHLMUCYSAUQU-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-hydroxypropyl methacrylate Chemical compound CC(O)COC(=O)C(C)=C VHSHLMUCYSAUQU-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- GWZMWHWAWHPNHN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-hydroxypropyl prop-2-enoate Chemical compound CC(O)COC(=O)C=C GWZMWHWAWHPNHN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- GILMNGUTRWPWSY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-hydroxypropyl prop-2-enoate;2-methylprop-2-enoic acid Chemical compound CC(=C)C(O)=O.CC(O)COC(=O)C=C GILMNGUTRWPWSY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- MUZDXNQOSGWMJJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-methylprop-2-enoic acid;prop-2-enoic acid Chemical class OC(=O)C=C.CC(=C)C(O)=O MUZDXNQOSGWMJJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- CFKMVGJGLGKFKI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 4-chloro-m-cresol Chemical compound CC1=CC(O)=CC=C1Cl CFKMVGJGLGKFKI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229940090248 4-hydroxybenzoic acid Drugs 0.000 description 1
- NDWUBGAGUCISDV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 4-hydroxybutyl prop-2-enoate Chemical compound OCCCCOC(=O)C=C NDWUBGAGUCISDV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- FIHBHSQYSYVZQE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 6-prop-2-enoyloxyhexyl prop-2-enoate Chemical compound C=CC(=O)OCCCCCCOC(=O)C=C FIHBHSQYSYVZQE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000004925 Acrylic resin Substances 0.000 description 1
- HGTJWZKWWFMDPU-UHFFFAOYSA-N C(C=C)(=O)OC(CCC)O.C(C(=C)C)(=O)OCC(C)O Chemical compound C(C=C)(=O)OC(CCC)O.C(C(=C)C)(=O)OCC(C)O HGTJWZKWWFMDPU-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- LFQSCWFLJHTTHZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ethanol Chemical compound CCO LFQSCWFLJHTTHZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000005057 Hexamethylene diisocyanate Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229920000877 Melamine resin Polymers 0.000 description 1
- CERQOIWHTDAKMF-UHFFFAOYSA-M Methacrylate Chemical compound CC(=C)C([O-])=O CERQOIWHTDAKMF-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 1
- CERQOIWHTDAKMF-UHFFFAOYSA-N Methacrylic acid Chemical compound CC(=C)C(O)=O CERQOIWHTDAKMF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- IGFHQQFPSIBGKE-UHFFFAOYSA-N Nonylphenol Natural products CCCCCCCCCC1=CC=C(O)C=C1 IGFHQQFPSIBGKE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- ISWSIDIOOBJBQZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Phenol Chemical compound OC1=CC=CC=C1 ISWSIDIOOBJBQZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- DNIAPMSPPWPWGF-UHFFFAOYSA-N Propylene glycol Chemical class CC(O)CO DNIAPMSPPWPWGF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- GNVMUORYQLCPJZ-UHFFFAOYSA-M Thiocarbamate Chemical compound NC([S-])=O GNVMUORYQLCPJZ-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 1
- DAKWPKUUDNSNPN-UHFFFAOYSA-N Trimethylolpropane triacrylate Chemical compound C=CC(=O)OCC(CC)(COC(=O)C=C)COC(=O)C=C DAKWPKUUDNSNPN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- XSQUKJJJFZCRTK-UHFFFAOYSA-N Urea Chemical compound NC(N)=O XSQUKJJJFZCRTK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229920001807 Urea-formaldehyde Polymers 0.000 description 1
- ZCZFEIZSYJAXKS-UHFFFAOYSA-N [3-hydroxy-2,2-bis(hydroxymethyl)propyl] prop-2-enoate Chemical compound OCC(CO)(CO)COC(=O)C=C ZCZFEIZSYJAXKS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000010521 absorption reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000001133 acceleration Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000002253 acid Substances 0.000 description 1
- 235000011037 adipic acid Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 239000001361 adipic acid Substances 0.000 description 1
- 125000001931 aliphatic group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 150000001338 aliphatic hydrocarbons Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 150000001447 alkali salts Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 125000002877 alkyl aryl group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 230000009286 beneficial effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000004202 carbamide Substances 0.000 description 1
- 125000004432 carbon atom Chemical group C* 0.000 description 1
- 125000002091 cationic group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 239000011093 chipboard Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000004140 cleaning Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000000470 constituent Substances 0.000 description 1
- IURRXCRWRKQLGC-UHFFFAOYSA-N copper;quinolin-8-ol Chemical compound [Cu].C1=CN=C2C(O)=CC=CC2=C1.C1=CN=C2C(O)=CC=CC2=C1 IURRXCRWRKQLGC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000004132 cross linking Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000013530 defoamer Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000008367 deionised water Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910021641 deionized water Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 125000005442 diisocyanate group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 238000010790 dilution Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000012895 dilution Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000004090 dissolution Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000009826 distribution Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000000428 dust Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000001227 electron beam curing Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000001804 emulsifying effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000005516 engineering process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000007613 environmental effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 150000002148 esters Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- RTZKZFJDLAIYFH-UHFFFAOYSA-N ether Substances CCOCC RTZKZFJDLAIYFH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 150000002170 ethers Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 238000004880 explosion Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000002349 favourable effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000005187 foaming Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000011888 foil Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000009472 formulation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000000855 fungicidal effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000000227 grinding Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000013007 heat curing Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000005338 heat storage Methods 0.000 description 1
- 125000005842 heteroatom Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- WGCNASOHLSPBMP-UHFFFAOYSA-N hydroxyacetaldehyde Natural products OCC=O WGCNASOHLSPBMP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000011261 inert gas Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000009434 installation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000014759 maintenance of location Effects 0.000 description 1
- 150000002734 metacrylic acid derivatives Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 238000002156 mixing Methods 0.000 description 1
- SLCVBVWXLSEKPL-UHFFFAOYSA-N neopentyl glycol Chemical compound OCC(C)(C)CO SLCVBVWXLSEKPL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000003921 oil Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000001301 oxygen Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052760 oxygen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229940070805 p-chloro-m-cresol Drugs 0.000 description 1
- FJKROLUGYXJWQN-UHFFFAOYSA-N papa-hydroxy-benzoic acid Natural products OC(=O)C1=CC=C(O)C=C1 FJKROLUGYXJWQN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000004033 plastic Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229920003023 plastic Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229920000151 polyglycol Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 239000010695 polyglycol Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000006116 polymerization reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000002335 preservative effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- XVALEOOXVKGWLF-UHFFFAOYSA-N prop-2-enoyl 2-hydroxypropanoate Chemical compound CC(O)C(=O)OC(=O)C=C XVALEOOXVKGWLF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 235000013772 propylene glycol Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 239000002994 raw material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229920006395 saturated elastomer Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 238000002791 soaking Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000011343 solid material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000002904 solvent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000005507 spraying Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000007858 starting material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000003756 stirring Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000003017 thermal stabilizer Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229920001187 thermosetting polymer Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 150000003558 thiocarbamic acid derivatives Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- ZIBGPFATKBEMQZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N triethylene glycol Chemical compound OCCOCCOCCO ZIBGPFATKBEMQZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000002351 wastewater Substances 0.000 description 1
Classifications
-
- D—TEXTILES; PAPER
- D21—PAPER-MAKING; PRODUCTION OF CELLULOSE
- D21H—PULP COMPOSITIONS; PREPARATION THEREOF NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES D21C OR D21D; IMPREGNATING OR COATING OF PAPER; TREATMENT OF FINISHED PAPER NOT COVERED BY CLASS B31 OR SUBCLASS D21G; PAPER NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- D21H17/00—Non-fibrous material added to the pulp, characterised by its constitution; Paper-impregnating material characterised by its constitution
- D21H17/03—Non-macromolecular organic compounds
- D21H17/05—Non-macromolecular organic compounds containing elements other than carbon and hydrogen only
- D21H17/18—Non-macromolecular organic compounds containing elements other than carbon and hydrogen only forming new compounds in situ, e.g. within the pulp or paper, by chemical reaction with itself, or other added substances, e.g. by grafting on the fibres
- D21H17/19—Non-macromolecular organic compounds containing elements other than carbon and hydrogen only forming new compounds in situ, e.g. within the pulp or paper, by chemical reaction with itself, or other added substances, e.g. by grafting on the fibres by reactions only involving carbon-to-carbon unsaturated bonds
-
- D—TEXTILES; PAPER
- D21—PAPER-MAKING; PRODUCTION OF CELLULOSE
- D21H—PULP COMPOSITIONS; PREPARATION THEREOF NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES D21C OR D21D; IMPREGNATING OR COATING OF PAPER; TREATMENT OF FINISHED PAPER NOT COVERED BY CLASS B31 OR SUBCLASS D21G; PAPER NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- D21H25/00—After-treatment of paper not provided for in groups D21H17/00 - D21H23/00
- D21H25/04—Physical treatment, e.g. heating, irradiating
- D21H25/06—Physical treatment, e.g. heating, irradiating of impregnated or coated paper
-
- D—TEXTILES; PAPER
- D21—PAPER-MAKING; PRODUCTION OF CELLULOSE
- D21H—PULP COMPOSITIONS; PREPARATION THEREOF NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES D21C OR D21D; IMPREGNATING OR COATING OF PAPER; TREATMENT OF FINISHED PAPER NOT COVERED BY CLASS B31 OR SUBCLASS D21G; PAPER NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- D21H27/00—Special paper not otherwise provided for, e.g. made by multi-step processes
- D21H27/08—Filter paper
Definitions
- the invention relates to a method for producing impregnated papers, in particular porous papers for further processing into filters for internal combustion engines and the like.
- Filters are required for various technical purposes, which on the one hand should have a high retention capacity and on the other hand are resistant to the medium to be filtered.
- filter papers with special impregnation are used.
- the structure of this filter paper is such that it allows air to pass through opposed to innumerable pores only slight resistance, but on the other hand only allows the smallest and therefore harmless dust particles to pass through because of the fineness of the pores.
- Filters with the same structure are also used as oil filters in internal combustion engines.
- the filters were manufactured from porous paper webs that were impregnated with uncrosslinked phenolic resins.
- the crosslinking or curing of the phenolic resins takes place after soaking at an elevated temperature.
- This method of preparation was generally very expensive, since the curing of the resins at temperatures of the order of 16 0 ° C to 18 0 ° C was required and at considerable residence times of curing units 3o to 5o meters in length.
- the phenolic resin vapors released during the curing process entail considerable environmental pollution.
- the environmental protection problems essentially lie in the fact that the alcohol-soluble phenolic resins or phenolic resin vapors can reach the exhaust air or waste water.
- the process was further complicated by the fact that the curing process could not be carried out in one process step, but had to be interrupted during the filter manufacture.
- the hardening or condensation process was interrupted to allow the paper to be folded or pleated.
- the final condensation was only carried out after the folding, in which there are some tears in the paper at the folded edges. This final condensation itself is therefore necessary so that the paper no longer contains any volatile constituents that can migrate into the medium to be filtered.
- the precondensation is carried out so far that the paper or the resin contained therein no longer sticks to one another and thereby be becomes workable.
- the invention is therefore based on the object of specifying a process for the production of impregnated papers which can be used in particular for filters of internal combustion engines and which allow a very economical production of these filters with high quality.
- the process should be economical, avoid environmental pollution and be carried out with the lowest possible system outlay.
- the object is achieved in that the paper web is subjected to at least one impregnation with an aqueous emulsion in the paper machine: a resin and / or monomer curable by high-energy radiation and that the impregnated paper web is then subjected to electronic radiation curing.
- the paper machine which is anyway necessary for producing the paper web, and an installation for electronic radiation curing, the paper machine being provided at a suitable point with a device which permits impregnation of the paper web.
- the impregnation can be done through a commission, e.g. B. a size press can be performed.
- An aqueous emulsion of a resin curable under electronic radiation is preferably used as the impregnating agent.
- the resin to be used in the process according to the invention is added to the paper web in the paper machine in the form of an aqueous emulsion or solution.
- Resins and / or monomers based on acrylic acid and / or methacrylic acid esters with polyols are used.
- the emulsion itself has a resin proportion of 15 to 7 0 wt .-%.
- the use of an emulsion has the advantage that the resin particles can penetrate the paper very well.
- the resin is added to the paper in an amount of 10 to 30% by weight, preferably 20% by weight.
- the distribution of the resin should be even, so that the filter effect is even across the entire filter.
- the preferred resin content in the paper for the filters is 20% by weight.
- the resin content should be as low as possible.
- the resin content can vary. At high strengths, a higher resin content is introduced to 3 0%, while at low strengths already a resin content of about 1o% until sufficient.
- the resin components are fully cross-linked in the electron beam curing system. This is very important, as any non-cross-linked portions, as noted above, can be absorbed by the filtered medium.
- the content of soluble components in the finished filter should be as low as possible.
- the production according to the invention has the advantage that the resins used are not soluble in alcohols.
- the alcohols can lead to the dissolution of conventional resins.
- alcohol fuels can also remove uncondensed phenolic resin from the filters.
- the paper web is made from a predominantly long-fiber cellulose.
- the proportion of long-fiber cellulose is preferably more than 9 0%. It is also favorable to use a cotton cellulose as cellulose.
- the cellulose used has a low freeness of 13 to 15 Schopper regulators. Due to the low degree of grinding of the cellulose used, which, as already mentioned above, is preferably cotton cellulose, a so-called cotton linter, the paper web and also the subsequent filter are given high strength. In order to increase the strength of the paper web, customary so-called wet-solid materials can also be added to the pulp.
- Resin pickup by the paper web is preferred Controlled by the initial moisture of the paper web when entering the size press. The higher this initial moisture content, the lower the resin absorption. Furthermore, the speed of the paper web is used to control the resin uptake. At higher paper web speeds, smaller amounts of resin are taken up.
- the paper web After radiation curing, the paper web is cut into individual sheets corresponding to the filter sizes. These sheets are folded, provided with an adhesive line on one edge and glued together. It should be noted that the porosity of the filter papers produced in this way is very remarkable. The less resin is used, the better the filter effect. However, the burst pressure is all the less. Depending on the purpose for which the filter is used, more or less resin can consequently be added to the paper web, i. that is, the strength of the paper web can be increased more or less.
- the paper webs produced according to the invention can be subjected to folding without damage occurring in the paper web at the folded edges. Consequently, the folded air filters required for internal combustion engines can be produced particularly well from the paper web.
- the filters produced in this way also have a number of other advantages; so the filters can withstand high pressure.
- a burst pressure of 2.2 to 2.5 bar is required.
- the lower limit is generally considered to be 1.8 bar.
- Filters manufactured using the new process have burst pressures that are significantly higher.
- the filters previously produced from phenol generally had a brown color
- the filters produced by the process according to the invention have no coloration due to the process, i. that is, the filters are white. This is very cheap, for example, if the color alone is used to determine whether the filter was already in use or not.
- aqueous emulsions of monomers or resins which can be hardened by electron radiation or other high-energy radiation are used as impregnating agents.
- Particularly suitable monomers are polyacrylated and / or polymethacrylated polyols, polyacrylated polyols being preferred because of the higher reaction rate.
- Suitable resins for preparing the emulsions are, for example, the resins and / or monomers proposed in the aforementioned DE-PS (patent application P 29 33 998.8).
- hydroxyl groups of the polyols mentioned can be wholly or partially esterified by acrylic acid and / or methacrylic acid.
- Specific examples of the present invention usable monomers are trimethylolpropane triacrylate, hexanediol diacrylate, pentaerythritol tetraacrylate, pentaerythritol triacrylate, hexane-1, 6-diol diacrylate, Diäthylenglykoldiacrylat, Triäthylenglykoldiacrylat, Tetraäthylen- - glycol diacrylate, tripropylene glycol diacrylate, 2-ethyl acrylate Hydrox-, 2-Hydroxypropoylacrylat, Hexandiolmonoacrylate and Butandiolmonoacrylate and the corresponding Methacrylates or mixed acrylate methacrylates.
- the monomers can be used alone or in a mixture, if appropriate with high or low molecular weight prepolymers.
- Particularly suitable monomers are pentaerythritol triacrylate or pentaerythritol acrylate mixtures having a average degree of esterification from 3 to 3.3 and having a viscosity of 6 00 - 12oo mPa.s (measured at 2 0 0 C with a Brookfield viscometer, Type RVT).
- High or low molecular weight resins or oligomers are suitable as resins.
- these are soluble polyurethane acrylates formed from the aforementioned hydroxy-functional acrylate monomers.
- the molecular weight is such resins or oligomers in the range of 8 00 - 8000 and their viscosities going from looo - 5 0000 mPa.s.
- the content of acrylic and / or methacrylic unsaturated monomer units is, for example, 2-6 per molecule.
- Resins of this type are produced by customary procedures, for example as described in DE-OS 25 3 0 896 and DE-OS 25 42 314. For example, a polyol is reacted with a diisocyanate. The content of free NCO groups reached is then saturated with hydroxy-functional acrylate or methacrylate monomers.
- the person skilled in the art can select amounts and reaction conditions such that the desired molecular weights and the desired content of acrylic and / or methacrylic unsaturated monomer units are achieved.
- the viscosities can be varied, for example, by appropriate dilution of the resins with monomers.
- the acrylic or methacrylic, unsaturated monomers and / or oligomers explained above with reference to examples are processed into oil-in-water (0 / W) emulsions using emulsifiers.
- the total solids content of these emulsions which consists predominantly of the monomer and / or oligomers together with the emulsifiers, is generally from about 15 to 7o wt .-%, preferably from 2o to 6 wt .-% and the 0 especially around 40% by weight, based on the finished emulsion.
- the particle size of the resulting emulsion is ⁇ 1 / um and preferably o.4 to o.6 / um. This particle size is achieved by conventional measures, such as the selection of suitable emulsifiers and emulsification conditions.
- Suitable emulsifiers for the emulsions used according to the invention are in principle nonionic emulsifiers, anionic and cationic emulsifiers, alone or in a mixture with one another.
- emulsions were produced with a particle size of ⁇ 1 / um and a heat storage stability of 2 to 6 months at temperatures of 3o to 60 ° C.
- the amount of emulsifier used depends on the monomers and / or oligomers used and on the emulsifying conditions. Generally one needs from. the emulsifiers or their mixtures 1 to 7 wt .-%, preferably 1 to 3 wt .-%, calculated on the inner phase or the total solids content of the O / W emulsion.
- Amounts of o, o2 - 0.4% by weight have proven useful, but particularly amounts of o, 1 - 0.3% by weight, based on the total batch, have proven effective.
- the amount used is preferably 0.05-0.5% by weight, based on the total batch, in particular 0.1-0.4% by weight.
- the impregnating resin emulsion used according to the invention can be prepared by any process which is suitable for the preparation of oil-in-water emulsions and which leads to the desired particle size.
- the above-mentioned monomers and / or oligomers can be converted into an O / W emulsion as follows.
- the aqueous emulsions used according to the invention have a solids content (monomer and / or oligomer plus emulsifier and further additives or auxiliaries) of about 15 to 70% by weight.
- concentration of the monomer and / or oligomer or resin ultimately depends on the desired degree of coverage of the substrate with the monomer, oligomer or resin.
- the nonwoven or paper materials impregnated according to the invention are cured by high-energy radiation, as mentioned at the beginning.
- the unsaturated acrylate resin is cured by radical chain polymerization, which leads to chain growth with a high three-dimensional degree of branching.
- Electron or B radiation is preferably used.
- the radiation can be generated by conventional electron sources.
- one or more stage electron accelerators are used, for example the electron accelerators described in DE-PS (patent application P 29 33 998.8 of Wikolin Polymer Chemie GmbH and Otto Dürr Anlagenbau GmbH).
- the paper webs impregnated according to the invention are optionally passed under an inert gas, such as nitrogen, past a window from which the electron radiation emerges.
- an inert gas such as nitrogen
- the acceleration voltages of the single or multi-stage electron accelerators used are, for example , at about 15o to 5 o 0 kV, the irradiation dose is, for example about 0.1 to about 16 Mrad.
- An example of an emulsifiable monomer is: pentacrythritol triacrylate (average degree of esterification 3.3, viscosity 6 00 - 9 00 m p as)
- the flask is equipped with a condenser (water-cooled), a stirrer with a patent plug, which allows the flask to be covered with nitrogen during the manufacturing process (due to the NeO / water reaction), and a thermometer for temperature control.
- a condenser water-cooled
- a stirrer with a patent plug, which allows the flask to be covered with nitrogen during the manufacturing process (due to the NeO / water reaction)
- a thermometer for temperature control.
- NCO target 6.24 ⁇ 0.1%
- the temperature is now kept at 75 ° C. for 3 hours.
- NCO target 0.00%
- item 4 is added and mixed thoroughly. After mixing, the reactor contents are cooled to approx. 40 ° C and the resin is filled.
- the parts refer to the weight.
- a paper web is made from a cellulose with a long fiber content of 80% in a paper machine.
- an aqueous emulsion according to Example 3 with a monomer content of 30 % is filled into the size press of the paper machine.
- the paper web is passed through the size press and impregnated.
- an electronic radiation curing system is set up, through which the paper web is passed.
- the result is an impregnated paper that has a resin content of 21% and is porous with high strength.
- the burst pressure is above 3 atmospheres.
- the resin is fully cured.
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Abstract
Description
Die Erfindung betrifft ein Verfahren zur Herstellung von imprägnierten Papieren, insbesondere von porösen Papieren zur Weiterverarbeitung zu Filtern für Verbrennungsmaschinen und dergleichen.The invention relates to a method for producing impregnated papers, in particular porous papers for further processing into filters for internal combustion engines and the like.
Für verschiedene technische Zwecke werden Filter benötigt, die zum einen ein hohes Rückhaltevermögen haben sollen und die zum anderen gegenüber dem zu filtrierenden Medium beständig sind. Bei den heute bekannten modernen Luftfiltern zur Reinigung der Verbrennungsluft von Motoren werden beispielsweise sternförmig gefaltete Filterpapiere mit besonderer Imprägnierung verwendet. Dieses Filterpapier ist in seiner Struktur so beschaffen, daß es einerseits dem Luftdurchtritt wegen unzähliger Poren nur geringen Widerstand entgegensetzt, andererseits aber wegen der Feinheit der Poren nur kleinste und daher unschädliche Staubpartikel durchtreten läßt. Filter mit gleichem Aufbau werden auch als Ölfilter bei Verbrennungsmotoren eingesetzt.Filters are required for various technical purposes, which on the one hand should have a high retention capacity and on the other hand are resistant to the medium to be filtered. In the modern air filters known today for cleaning the combustion air from engines, for example, star-folded filter papers with special impregnation are used. The structure of this filter paper is such that it allows air to pass through opposed to innumerable pores only slight resistance, but on the other hand only allows the smallest and therefore harmless dust particles to pass through because of the fineness of the pores. Filters with the same structure are also used as oil filters in internal combustion engines.
Die Herstellung der Filter erfolgte aus porösen Papierbahnen, die mit unvernetzten Phenolharzen getränkt wurden. Die Vernetzung bzw. Aushärtung der Phenolharze findet nach dem Tränken unter erhöhter Temperatur statt. Dieses Herstellungsverfahren war insgesamt sehr aufwendig, da die Härtung der Harze bei Temperaturen in der Größenordnung von 160° C bis 180° C erfolgte und bei beträchtlichen Verweilzeiten, die Härtungsanlagen von 3o bis 5o Metern Länge benötigten. Darüber hinaus bringen die bei der Härtung freiwerdenden Phenolharzdämpfe .eine erhebliche Umweltbelastung mit sich. Die Umweltschutzprobleme liegen im wesentlichen darin, daß die in Alkohol löslichen Phenolharze oder Phenolharzdämpfe an die Abluft bzw. Abwässer gelangen können.The filters were manufactured from porous paper webs that were impregnated with uncrosslinked phenolic resins. The crosslinking or curing of the phenolic resins takes place after soaking at an elevated temperature. This method of preparation was generally very expensive, since the curing of the resins at temperatures of the order of 16 0 ° C to 18 0 ° C was required and at considerable residence times of curing units 3o to 5o meters in length. In addition, the phenolic resin vapors released during the curing process entail considerable environmental pollution. The environmental protection problems essentially lie in the fact that the alcohol-soluble phenolic resins or phenolic resin vapors can reach the exhaust air or waste water.
Das Verfahren war außerdem noch dadurch erschwert, daß der Härtungsprozeß nicht in einem Verfahrensschritt durchgeführt werden konnte, sondern während der Filterherstellung unterbrochen werden mußte. Der Härtungs- bzw. Kondensationsvorgang wurde unterbrochen, um die Faltung oder Plissierung des Papiers vornehmen zu können. Erst nach der Faltung, bei der zum Teil Risse im Papier an den Faltkanten auftreten, wurde die Endkondensation durchgeführt. Diese Endkondensation selbst ist deshalb erforderlich, damit im Papier keine flüchtigen Bestandteile mehr enthalten sind, die in das zu filtrierende Medium wandern können. Die Vorkondensation wird so weit durchgeführt, daß das Papier bzw. das darin enthaltene Harz nicht mehr aneinanderklebt und dadurch bearbeitbar wird.The process was further complicated by the fact that the curing process could not be carried out in one process step, but had to be interrupted during the filter manufacture. The hardening or condensation process was interrupted to allow the paper to be folded or pleated. The final condensation was only carried out after the folding, in which there are some tears in the paper at the folded edges. This final condensation itself is therefore necessary so that the paper no longer contains any volatile constituents that can migrate into the medium to be filtered. The precondensation is carried out so far that the paper or the resin contained therein no longer sticks to one another and thereby be becomes workable.
Ein weiteres Problem bei der Herstellung der Filter ist die Tatsache, daß die mit Phenol imprägnierten und ausgehärteten Filter nur sehr schwer an ihren anstoßenden Rändern zu verkleben sind.Another problem in the manufacture of the filters is the fact that the phenol-impregnated and hardened filters are very difficult to bond to their abutting edges.
Um die oben beschriebenen Nachteile zu beheben, wurde in der DE-PS (Patentanmeldung P 29 33 998.8 der Wikolin Polymer Chemie GmbH und der Otto Dürr Anlagenbau GmbH) bereits ein Verfahren vorgeschlagen, bei dem das Imprägnierungsmittel eine Lösung oder Dispersion eines Harzes und/oder Monomeren auf der Basis von Acrylsäure- und/oder Methalcrylsäurestern mit Polyolen ist. Darüber hinaus wird vorgeschlagen, die Härtung durch Elektronenbestrahlung zu bewirken. Nach diesem Verfahren werden somit die Phenolharze durch andere Harze ersetzt und die Härtung der imprägnierten Papierbahn erfolgt durch Elektronenbestrahlung anstelle der bisher üblichen Wärmehärtung in einem Trocknungskanal.In order to remedy the disadvantages described above, a method has already been proposed in DE-PS (patent application P 29 33 998.8 of Wikolin Polymer Chemie GmbH and Otto Dürr Anlagenbau GmbH) in which the impregnating agent is a solution or dispersion of a resin and / or Monomers based on acrylic acid and / or methalacrylic acid esters with polyols. In addition, it is proposed to effect curing by electron radiation. According to this process, the phenolic resins are thus replaced by other resins, and the impregnated paper web is cured by electron radiation instead of the conventional heat curing in a drying channel.
Neben dem Bedarf an geeignetem imprägnierten Papier, für die Herstellung von Filtern für Verbrennungsmaschinen besteht allgemein auf verschiedenen Gebieten der Technik und auch anderer Bereiche die Möglichkeit, imprägniertes Papier hoher Porosität zu verwenden.In addition to the need for suitable impregnated paper, for the production of filters for internal combustion engines, there is generally the possibility in various fields of technology and also in other areas to use impregnated paper with high porosity.
Der Erfindung liegt deshalb die Aufgabe zugrunde, ein Verfahren für die Herstellung von imprägnierten Papieren anzugeben, die insbesondere für Filter von Verbrennungsmotoren verwendbar sind und eine sehr wirtschaftliche Herstellung dieser Filter bei hoher Qualität ermöglichen. Das Verfahren soll wirtschaftlich sein, eine Umweltbelastung vermeiden und mit einem möglichst geringen Anlagenaufwand durchführbar sein.The invention is therefore based on the object of specifying a process for the production of impregnated papers which can be used in particular for filters of internal combustion engines and which allow a very economical production of these filters with high quality. The process should be economical, avoid environmental pollution and be carried out with the lowest possible system outlay.
Die Lösung der gestellten Aufgabe wird dadurch erreicht, daß in der Papiermaschine die Papierbahn einer Imprägnierung mit einer wässrigen Emulsion mindestens: eines durch energiereiche Strahlung härtbaren Harzes und/ oder Monomeren unterworfen wird und daß die imprägnierte Papierbahn anschließend einer elektronischen Strahlungshärtung unterzogen wird.The object is achieved in that the paper web is subjected to at least one impregnation with an aqueous emulsion in the paper machine: a resin and / or monomer curable by high-energy radiation and that the impregnated paper web is then subjected to electronic radiation curing.
Bei dem erfindungsgemäßen Verfahren sind zur Durchführung des Verfahrens lediglich die ohnehin zur Erzeugung der Papierbahn notwendige Papiermaschine und eine Anlage zur elektronischen Strahlungshärtung erforderlich, wobei die Papiermaschine an geeigneter Stelle mit einer Einrichtung versehen ist, die eine Imprägnierung der Papierbahn erlaubt. Die Imprägnierung kann über ein Auftragswerk, z. B. eine Leimpresse, durchgeführt werden. Es ist aber auch möglich, das Imprägnierungsmittel durch Aufsprühen der Papierbahn zuzuführen. Als Imprägnierungsmittel wird bevorzugt eine wässrige Emulsion eines unter elektronischen Strahlen härtbaren Harzes verwendet.In the method according to the invention, all that is required to carry out the method is the paper machine, which is anyway necessary for producing the paper web, and an installation for electronic radiation curing, the paper machine being provided at a suitable point with a device which permits impregnation of the paper web. The impregnation can be done through a commission, e.g. B. a size press can be performed. However, it is also possible to supply the impregnating agent by spraying on the paper web. An aqueous emulsion of a resin curable under electronic radiation is preferably used as the impregnating agent.
Durch die OS 25 51 479 war es zwar schon bekannt gewesen, zur Herstellung von imprägnierten und oberflächenbehandelten Folien für die Beschichtung von Spanplatten und dergleichen eine Imprägnierung in der Papiermaschine während der Papierherstellung vorzunehmen. Zweck dieses bekannten Verfahrens ist ein Papier zu schaffen, bei dem die fertiggestellte imprägnierte Bahn eine möglichst geringe Porosität hat, damit ein dichtes Papier entsteht, das für die anschließende Beschichtung einer Spanplatte, für die ein gutes Aussehen erforderlich ist, gut geeignet ist. Die verwendeten Harnstoff- und/ oder Melaminharze sind hitzehärtbar und geben dem Papier nach der Trocknung eine äußerst hohe Härte und Geschlossenheit. Papiere dieser Art sind folglich nicht als Filterpapiere Verwendbar. Sie sind in der Regel luft- und wasserdicht und nehmen mit zunehmendem Harzanteil Kunststoff Charakter an.Through OS 25 51 479 it was already known to impregnate in the paper machine during paper production for the production of impregnated and surface-treated foils for the coating of chipboard and the like. The purpose of this known method is to create a paper in which the finished impregnated web has the lowest possible porosity, so that a dense paper is produced which is well suited for the subsequent coating of a particle board, for which a good appearance is required. The urea and / or melamine resins used are thermosetting and give the paper an extremely high hardness and ge after drying coherence. Papers of this type can therefore not be used as filter papers. As a rule, they are airtight and watertight and take on the character of plastic with increasing resin content.
Das bei dem erfindungsgemäßen Verfahren zu verwendende Harz wird in Form einer wässrigen Emulsion oder Lösung der Papierbahn in der Papiermaschine zugegeben. Verwendet werden Harze und/oder Monomere auf der Basis von Acrylsäure- und/oder Methacrylsäurestern mit Polyolen. Die Emulsion selbst hat einen Harzanteil von 15 bis 70 Gew.-%. Die Verwendung einer Emulsion hat den Vorteil, daß die Harzteilchen sehr gut in das Papier eindringen können.The resin to be used in the process according to the invention is added to the paper web in the paper machine in the form of an aqueous emulsion or solution. Resins and / or monomers based on acrylic acid and / or methacrylic acid esters with polyols are used. The emulsion itself has a resin proportion of 15 to 7 0 wt .-%. The use of an emulsion has the advantage that the resin particles can penetrate the paper very well.
Sofern das imprägnierte Papier für die Filterherstellung eingesetzt werden soll, wird das Harz in einer Menge von 1o bis 3o Gew.-% an dem Papier angelagert,vorzugsweise 2o Gew.-%. Die Verteilung des Harzes soll gleichmäßig sein, damit auch die Filterwirkung über den gesamten Filter gesehen gleichmäßig ist.If the impregnated paper is to be used for filter production, the resin is added to the paper in an amount of 10 to 30% by weight, preferably 20% by weight. The distribution of the resin should be even, so that the filter effect is even across the entire filter.
Der bevorzugte Harzgehalt im Papier für die Filter beträgt 2o Gew.-%. Aus Wirtschaftlichkeitsgründen soll der Harzgehalt so gering wie möglich sein. Je nach Verwendungszweck des Filtermaterials und der dabei vorgegebenen Werte wie Berstdruck, Steifigkeit des Filters, usw., kann der Harzgehalt variieren. Bei hohen Festigkeiten wird ein höherer Harzgehalt bis 30 % eingebracht, während bei niedrigen Festigkeiten bereits ein Harzgehalt von bis zu 1o % ausreichend ist. Diese Ausführungen gelten auch für Papiere für andere Verwendungsbereiche. Im Hinblick auf eine gefahrlose Arbeitsweise sollen auch keine Lösungsmittel verwendet werden, die eine Explosionsgefahr bewirken können.The preferred resin content in the paper for the filters is 20% by weight. For reasons of economy, the resin content should be as low as possible. Depending on the intended use of the filter material and the specified values such as burst pressure, rigidity of the filter, etc., the resin content can vary. At high strengths, a higher resin content is introduced to 3 0%, while at low strengths already a resin content of about 1o% until sufficient. These statements also apply to papers for other areas of use. With regard to a safe working method, no solvents should be used that could cause an explosion.
In der Elektronenstrahl-Härtungsanlage erfolgt eine völlige Vernetzung der Harzanteile. Dieses ist sehr wichtig, da eventuelle nicht vernetzte Anteile, wie bereits oben bemerkt, durch das filtrierte Medium aufgenommen werden können. In dem fertigen Filter sollte der Anteil an löslichen Bestandteilen so gering wie möglich sein.The resin components are fully cross-linked in the electron beam curing system. This is very important, as any non-cross-linked portions, as noted above, can be absorbed by the filtered medium. The content of soluble components in the finished filter should be as low as possible.
Bei besonderen Filterarten ergibt sich durch die erfindungsgemäße Herstellung der Vorteil, daß die verwendeten Harze nicht in Alkoholen löslich sind. Beispielsweise bei Filtern für Verbrennungsmotoren, die mit neuen Brennstoffen betrieben werden, deren Bestandteile unter anderem Alkohole sind, können die Alkohole zu einer Auflösung üblicher Harze führen. Alkoholtreibstoffe können beispielsweise auch nicht auskondensiertes Phenolharz aus den Filtern herauslösen.In the case of special types of filters, the production according to the invention has the advantage that the resins used are not soluble in alcohols. For example, in the case of filters for internal combustion engines that are operated with new fuels, the components of which include alcohols, the alcohols can lead to the dissolution of conventional resins. For example, alcohol fuels can also remove uncondensed phenolic resin from the filters.
Um eine gute Prosität der Papierbahn und vor allen Dingen eine hohe Festigkeit zu erreichen, wird die Papierbahn aus einer überwiegend langfaserigen Cellulose hergestellt. Der Anteil der langfaserigen Cellulose beträgt Vorzugsweise mehr als 90 %. Günstig ist auch als Cellulose eine Baumwollcellulose einzusetzen.In order to achieve good prosperity of the paper web and above all high strength, the paper web is made from a predominantly long-fiber cellulose. The proportion of long-fiber cellulose is preferably more than 9 0%. It is also favorable to use a cotton cellulose as cellulose.
Die verwendete Cellulose hat einen niedrigen Mahlgrad von 13 bis 15 Schopper-Regler. Durch den niedrigen Mahlgrad der verwendeten Cellulose, die, wie bereits oben bemerkt, vorzugsweise Baumwolicellulose, ein sogenannter Cotton-Linters ist, wird der Papierbahn und auch dem späteren Filter eine hohe Festigkeit vorgegeben. Um die Festigkeit der Papierbahn zu erhöhen, können auch übliche sogenannte Naß-Fest-Mfttel in die Pulpe zugegeben werden.The cellulose used has a low freeness of 13 to 15 Schopper regulators. Due to the low degree of grinding of the cellulose used, which, as already mentioned above, is preferably cotton cellulose, a so-called cotton linter, the paper web and also the subsequent filter are given high strength. In order to increase the strength of the paper web, customary so-called wet-solid materials can also be added to the pulp.
Die Harzaufnahme durch die Papierbahn wird vorzugsweise über die Anfangsfeuchte der Papierbahn beim Eintritt in die Leimpresse gesteuert. Je höher diese Anfangsfeuchte ist, umso geringer ist die Harzaufnahme. Des weiteren wird zur Steuerung der Harzaufnahme die Geschwindigkeit der Papierbahn herangezogen. Bei höheren Papierbahngeschwindigkeiten werden geringere Harzmengen aufgenommen.Resin pickup by the paper web is preferred Controlled by the initial moisture of the paper web when entering the size press. The higher this initial moisture content, the lower the resin absorption. Furthermore, the speed of the paper web is used to control the resin uptake. At higher paper web speeds, smaller amounts of resin are taken up.
Nach der Strahlungshärtung wird die Papierbahn in einzelne, den Filtergrößen entsprechende Blätter zerschnitten. Diese Blätter werden gefaltet, an einem Rand mit einem Klebestrich versehen und miteinander verklebt. Es bleibt anzumerken, daß die Porosität der auf diese Weise hergestellten Filterpapiere sehr beachtlich ist. Die Filterwirkung ist umso besser, je weniger Harz verwendet wird. Umso geringer ist jedoch auch der Berstdruck. Je nachdem, für welchen Zweck der Filter verwendet wird, kann folglich mehr oder weniger Harz der Papierbahn beigegeben werden, d. h., die Festigkeit der Papierbahn mehr oder weniger erhöht werden.After radiation curing, the paper web is cut into individual sheets corresponding to the filter sizes. These sheets are folded, provided with an adhesive line on one edge and glued together. It should be noted that the porosity of the filter papers produced in this way is very remarkable. The less resin is used, the better the filter effect. However, the burst pressure is all the less. Depending on the purpose for which the filter is used, more or less resin can consequently be added to the paper web, i. that is, the strength of the paper web can be increased more or less.
Es zeigte sich, daß die nach der Erfindung hergestellten Papierbahnen einer Faltung unterzogen werden können, ohne daß an den Faltkanten Beschädigungen in der Papierbahn auftreten. Folglich können aus der Papierbahn besonders gut die für Verbrennungsmaschinen erforderlichen gefalteten Luftfilter hergestellt werden.It was found that the paper webs produced according to the invention can be subjected to folding without damage occurring in the paper web at the folded edges. Consequently, the folded air filters required for internal combustion engines can be produced particularly well from the paper web.
Die auf diese Weise hergestellten Filter haben darüber hinaus eine Reihe weiterer Vorteile; so halten die Filter einen hohen Druck aus. Bei Filtern für Verbrennungsanlagen wird beispielsweise ein Berstdruck von 2,2 bis 2,5 bar gefordert. Als untere Grenze wird in der Regel 1,8 bar angesehen. Filter, die nach dem neuen Verfahren hergestellt wurden, haben Berstdrücke, die erheblich höher liegen.The filters produced in this way also have a number of other advantages; so the filters can withstand high pressure. For filters for combustion plants, for example, a burst pressure of 2.2 to 2.5 bar is required. The lower limit is generally considered to be 1.8 bar. Filters manufactured using the new process have burst pressures that are significantly higher.
Während die bisher aus Phenol hergestellten Filter in der Regel eine braune Farbe hatten, haben die nach dem erfindungsmäßigen Verfahren hergestellten Filter keine durch das Verfahren bedingte Farbgebung, d. h., die Filter sind weiß. Dieses ist beispielsweise dann sehr günstig, wenn allein von der Farbe darauf geschlossen werden soll, ob der Filter bereits im Einsatz war oder nicht.While the filters previously produced from phenol generally had a brown color, the filters produced by the process according to the invention have no coloration due to the process, i. that is, the filters are white. This is very cheap, for example, if the color alone is used to determine whether the filter was already in use or not.
Im Rahmen der Erfindung werden wässrige Emulsionen von Monomeren oder Harzen, die durch Elektronenbestrahlung oder andere energiereiche Strahlung härtbar sind, als Imprägnierungsmittel verwendet. Besonders geeignete Monomere sind polyacrylierte und/oder polymethacrylicrte Polyole, wobei polyacrylierte Polyole wegen der größeren Reaktionsgeschwindigkeit bevorzugt sind. Zur Bereitung der Emulsionen geeignet sind beispielsweise die in der eingangs erwähnten DE-PS (Patentanmeldung P 29 33 998.8) vorgeschlagenen Harze und/ oder Monomeren.In the context of the invention, aqueous emulsions of monomers or resins which can be hardened by electron radiation or other high-energy radiation are used as impregnating agents. Particularly suitable monomers are polyacrylated and / or polymethacrylated polyols, polyacrylated polyols being preferred because of the higher reaction rate. Suitable resins for preparing the emulsions are, for example, the resins and / or monomers proposed in the aforementioned DE-PS (patent application P 29 33 998.8).
Polyole, die den erfindungsgemäß verwendbaren Monomeren zugrundeliegen, können gerad- oder verzweigtkettig sein und in der Kette ein oder mehrere Heteroatome, z. B. in Form von Sauerstoffbrücken, enthalten. Sie weisen vorzugsweise 2 bis etwa 10, insbesondere 5 bis 9 und besonders bevorzugt 5 oder 6 Kohlenstoffatome auf. Sie enthalten bevorzugt 2 bis etwa 5 und insbesondere 2, 3 oder 4 Hdroxylfunktionen. Bevorzugte Beispiele für derartige Polyole sind:
- Trimethylolpropan, Pentaerythrit bzw. Pentaerythritol, Hexandiol, insbesondere Hexan-1, 6-diol und Polyäthylenglykole oder Propylenglykole, wie Triäthylenglykol oder Tripropylenglykol.
- Trimethylolpropane, pentaerythritol or pentaerythritol, hexanediol, in particular hexane-1, 6-diol and polyethylene glycols or propylene glycols, such as triethylene glycol or tripropylene glycol.
Die Hydroxylgruppen der genannten Polyole können gänzlich oder teilweise durch Acrylsäure und/oder Methacrylsäure verestert sein.The hydroxyl groups of the polyols mentioned can be wholly or partially esterified by acrylic acid and / or methacrylic acid.
Spezielle Beispiele für erfindungsgemäß einsetzbare Monomere sind Trimethylolpropantriacrylat, Hexandioldiacrylat, Pentaerythritoltetraacrylat, Pentaerythritoltriacrylat, Hexan-1, 6-dioldiacrylat, Diäthylenglykoldiacrylat, Triäthylenglykoldiacrylat, Tetraäthylen- - glykoldiacrylat, Tripropylenglykoldiacrylat, 2-Hydrox- äthylacrylat, 2-Hydroxypropoylacrylat, Hexandiolmonoacrylate und Butandiolmonoacrylate und die entsprechenden Methacrylate oder gemischten Acrylat-Methacrylate.Specific examples of the present invention usable monomers are trimethylolpropane triacrylate, hexanediol diacrylate, pentaerythritol tetraacrylate, pentaerythritol triacrylate, hexane-1, 6-diol diacrylate, Diäthylenglykoldiacrylat, Triäthylenglykoldiacrylat, Tetraäthylen- - glycol diacrylate, tripropylene glycol diacrylate, 2-ethyl acrylate Hydrox-, 2-Hydroxypropoylacrylat, Hexandiolmonoacrylate and Butandiolmonoacrylate and the corresponding Methacrylates or mixed acrylate methacrylates.
Die Monomeren können allein oder im Gemisch, gegebenenfalls mit hoch- oder niedrigmolekularen Präpolymerisaten eingesetzt werden.The monomers can be used alone or in a mixture, if appropriate with high or low molecular weight prepolymers.
Besonders geeignete Monomere sind Pentaerythritoltriacrylat bzw. Pentaerythritolacrylat-Gemische mit einem durchschnittlichen Veresterungsgrad von 3 bis 3,3 und mit einer Viskosität von 600 - 12oo mPa.s (gemessen bei 20 0 C mit dem Brookfield-Viskosimeter, Typ RVT).Particularly suitable monomers are pentaerythritol triacrylate or pentaerythritol acrylate mixtures having a average degree of esterification from 3 to 3.3 and having a viscosity of 6 00 - 12oo mPa.s (measured at 2 0 0 C with a Brookfield viscometer, Type RVT).
Als Harze kommen hoch- öder niedrigmolekulare Harze oder Oligomere in Frage. Beispiele hierfür sind lösliche Polyurethanacrylate, gebildet aus den vorgenannten hydroxyfunktionellen Acrylatmonomeren.High or low molecular weight resins or oligomers are suitable as resins. Examples of this are soluble polyurethane acrylates formed from the aforementioned hydroxy-functional acrylate monomers.
Bevorzugt liegt das Molekulargewicht solcher Harze oder Oligomerer im Bereich von 800 - 8000 und ihre Viskositäten gehen von looo - 50000 mPa.s. Der Gehalt an acrylisch und/oder methacrylisch ungesättigten Monomereinheiten beträgt beispielsweise 2 - 6 pro Molekül. Derartige Harze werden nach üblichen Verfahrensweisen hergestellt, beispielsweise wie in der DE-OS 25 30 896 und der DE-OS 25 42 314 beschrieben. Beispielsweise wird ein Polyol mit einem Diisocyanat zur Reaktion gebracht. Der erreichte Gehalt an freien NCO-Gruppen wird dann abgesättigt mit hydroxyfunktionellen Acrylat-oder Methacrylatmonomeren. Der Fachmann kann Mengen und Reaktionsbedingungen so wählen, daß die gewünschten Molekulargewichte und der gewünschte Gehalt an acrylisch und/oder methacrylisch ungesättigten Monomereinheiten erzielt werden. Die Viskositäten können beispielsweise durch entsprechende Verdünnung der Harze mit Monomeren variiert werden.Preferably, the molecular weight is such resins or oligomers in the range of 8 00 - 8000 and their viscosities going from looo - 5 0000 mPa.s. The content of acrylic and / or methacrylic unsaturated monomer units is, for example, 2-6 per molecule. Resins of this type are produced by customary procedures, for example as described in DE-OS 25 3 0 896 and DE-OS 25 42 314. For example, a polyol is reacted with a diisocyanate. The content of free NCO groups reached is then saturated with hydroxy-functional acrylate or methacrylate monomers. The person skilled in the art can select amounts and reaction conditions such that the desired molecular weights and the desired content of acrylic and / or methacrylic unsaturated monomer units are achieved. The viscosities can be varied, for example, by appropriate dilution of the resins with monomers.
Als Ausgangsmaterialien für die als Harze bzw. Oligomere beispielsweise verwendbaren Polyurethan-Acrylate können folgende Rohstoffe zum Einsatz kommen:
- Isocyanate wie: a) 4,4-Diphcnylmethandiisocyanat
- b) Toluylendiisocyanat
- c) Hexamethylendiisocyanat
- d) 4,4-Dicyclohexylmethandiisocyanat
- Polyole wie: a) Polypropylenglykole, Polyäthylenglykole mit den Molekulargewichten 400, looo, 2000, 3000, 4ooo
- b) Polyester auf der Basis aliphatischer und aromatischer-Dicarbonsäuren, vorzugsweise Adipinsäure und Sebacinsäure und difunktionellen aliphatischen Alkoholen, wie Äthylenglykol und Neopentylglykol, Di- äthylenglykol, Hexandiol-1.6 sowie polyfunktionellen Alkoholen wie Trimethylolpropan und Pentaerythritol.
- Hydroxyfunktionelle, 2-Hydroxyäthylacrylat mit NCO-Gruppen reaktive 2-Hydroxyäthylmethacrylat Acrylatmonomere und 2-Hydroxypropylacrylat Methacrylatmonomere wie: 2-Hydroxypropylmethacrylat Butandiolmonoacrylat Hexandiolmonoacrylat Pentaerythritoltriacrylat
- Die hergestellten Harze Hexandiol-1,6-diacrylat werden je nach benötigter Butandiol-1,4-diacrylat Viskosität mit Monomeren Triäthylenglykoldiacrylat verdünnt auf Konzentra- Tetraäthylenglykoldiacrytionen von 4o - 80 % lat mit: Dipropylenglykoldiacrylat Tripropylenglykoldiacrylat Tetrapropylenglykoldiacrylat
- Isocyanates such as: a) 4,4-diphenylmethane diisocyanate
- b) tolylene diisocyanate
- c) hexamethylene diisocyanate
- d) 4,4-dicyclohexylmethane diisocyanate
- Polyols such as: a) polypropylene glycols, polyethylene glycols with the molecular weights 4 00 , looo, 2000, 3000, 4ooo
- b) polyester based on aliphatic and aromatic dicarboxylic acids, preferably adipic acid and sebacic acid and difunctional aliphatic alcohol fetch, such as ethylene glycol and neopentyl glycol, diethylene glycol, hexanediol-1.6 and polyfunctional alcohols such as trimethylolpropane and pentaerythritol.
- Hydroxy-functional, 2-hydroxyethyl acrylate with NCO groups reactive 2-hydroxyethyl methacrylate acrylate monomers and 2-hydroxypropyl acrylate methacrylate monomers such as: 2-hydroxypropyl methacrylate butanediol monoacrylate, hexanediol monoacrylate, pentaerythritol triacrylate
- The resins produced, hexanediol-1,6-diacrylate, depending on the required butanediol-1,4-diacrylate viscosity, are diluted with monomers triethylene glycol diacrylate to a concentration of 4–80% lat
Die vorstehend anhand von Beispielen erläuterten acrylischen oder methacrylischen, ungesättigten Monomeren und/oder Oligomeren werden unter Verwendung von Emulga-toren zu Öl-in-Wasser-(0/W)-Emulsionen verarbeitet. Der Gesamtfestkörpergehalt dieser Emulsionen, der vorwiegend aus dem Monomeren und/oder Oligomeren zusammen mit den Emulgatoren besteht, liegt im allgemeinen bei etwa 15 bis 7o Gew.-%, bevorzugt bei 2o bis 60 Gew.-% und insbesondere bei etwa 4o Gew.-%, bezogen auf die fertige Emulsion. Die Teilchengröße der entstehenden Emulsion beträgt aus Gründen der Stabilität <1 /um und vorzugsweise o,4 bis o,6 /um. Diese Teilchengröße erzielt man durch übliche Maßnahmen, wie die Wahl geeigneter Emulgatoren und Emulgierbedingungen.The acrylic or methacrylic, unsaturated monomers and / or oligomers explained above with reference to examples are processed into oil-in-water (0 / W) emulsions using emulsifiers. The total solids content of these emulsions, which consists predominantly of the monomer and / or oligomers together with the emulsifiers, is generally from about 15 to 7o wt .-%, preferably from 2o to 6 wt .-% and the 0 especially around 40% by weight, based on the finished emulsion. For reasons of stability, the particle size of the resulting emulsion is <1 / um and preferably o.4 to o.6 / um. This particle size is achieved by conventional measures, such as the selection of suitable emulsifiers and emulsification conditions.
Als Emulgatoren für die erfindungsgemäß verwendeten Emulsionen geeignet sind im Prinzip nichtionogene Emulgatoren, anionische und kationische Emulgatoren allein oder im Gemisch miteinander.Suitable emulsifiers for the emulsions used according to the invention are in principle nonionic emulsifiers, anionic and cationic emulsifiers, alone or in a mixture with one another.
Überraschenderweise zeigten sich jedoch beim Einsatz nichtionogener Emulgatoren unerwartet gute Resultate bezüglich der Teilchengröße und der Stabilität.Surprisingly, however, unexpectedly good results with regard to particle size and stability were found when using nonionic emulsifiers.
So wurden Emulsionen hergestellt mit einer Teilchengröße von <1 /um und einer Wärmelagerstabilität von 2 bis 6 Monaten bei Temperaturen von 3o bis 60° C.For example, emulsions were produced with a particle size of <1 / um and a heat storage stability of 2 to 6 months at temperatures of 3o to 60 ° C.
Die Menge des verwendeten Emulgators hängt von dem eingesetzten Monomeren und/oder Oligomeren sowie von den Emulgierbedingungen ab. Im allgemeinen benötigt man von . den Emulgatoren oder deren Mischungen 1 bis 7 Gew.-%, bevorzugt 1 bis 3 Gew.-%, berechnet auf die innere Phase bzw. den Gesamtfestkörpergehalt der O/W-Emulsion.The amount of emulsifier used depends on the monomers and / or oligomers used and on the emulsifying conditions. Generally one needs from. the emulsifiers or their mixtures 1 to 7 wt .-%, preferably 1 to 3 wt .-%, calculated on the inner phase or the total solids content of the O / W emulsion.
Bevorzugt zum Einsatz kommen nichtionogene Emulgatoren, allein oder im Gemisch mit anionischen Emulgatoren. Beispiele für derartige nichtionogene Emulgatoren sind:
- Alkylarylpolyglykoläther, wie z. B. Octylphenolpolyätheralkohole mit 1o bis 4o Mol Äthylenoxid pro Molekül (z. B. 16 oder 4o Mol/Molekül), Nonylphenolpolyätheralkohole mit 1o bis 4o Äthylenoxid/Molekül (z. B. mit 35 Mol/ Molekül) sowie äthoxylierte Polypropylenglykol-Blockpolymerisate mit mehr als 4o Mol Äthylenoxid/Molekül. Hiervon besonders geeignet sind die äthoxylierten Nonylphenole.
- Alkylaryl polyglycol ethers, such as. B. octylphenol polyether alcohols with 1o to 4o moles of ethylene oxide per molecule (e.g. 16 or 4o moles / molecule), nonylphenol polyether alcohols with 1o to 4o moles of ethylene oxide / molecule (e.g. with 35 moles / Molecule) and ethoxylated polypropylene glycol block polymers with more than 40 moles of ethylene oxide / molecule. Of these, the ethoxylated nonylphenols are particularly suitable.
Gut geeignet sind beispielsweise auch Gemische der obengenannten, nichtionogene Emulgatoren mit anionischen Emulgatoren wie z. B.
- a) Alkylphenoläthersulfate
- b) die Alkalisalze der Sulfobernsteinsäure
- a) Alkylphenol ether sulfates
- b) the alkali salts of sulfosuccinic acid
Darüber hinaus kann in eine solche O/W-Emulsion ein wirksames Konservierungsmittel, z. B. ein Fungizid, eingearbeitet sein, das jedoch die Stabilität einer solchen O/W-Emulsion nicht stören darf. Als Konservierungsmittel sind die üblichen zu diesem Zweck verwendeten Verbindungen geeignet, wie z. B.:
- a) o-Phenylphenol
- b) p-Chlor-m-kresol
- c) Cloracetamid
- d) p-Hydroxybenzoesäureester
- e) 1,2-Benzisothiazol-3-on
- f) Kupfer-8-hydroxychinolin
- g) Thiocarbamate
- a) o-phenylphenol
- b) p-chloro-m-cresol
- c) Cloracetamide
- d) p-hydroxybenzoic acid ester
- e) 1,2-benzisothiazol-3-one
- f) copper-8-hydroxyquinoline
- g) thiocarbamates
Bewährt haben sich Einsatzmengen von o,o2 - 0,4 Gew.-%, jedoch besonders Einsatzmengen von o,1 - 0,3 Gew.-%, bezogen auf den Gesamtansatz.Amounts of o, o2 - 0.4% by weight have proven useful, but particularly amounts of o, 1 - 0.3% by weight, based on the total batch, have proven effective.
Es kann auch günstig sein, einen hoch wirksamen Entschäumer in die Emulsionen einzuarbeiten, der bei schnell laufenden Maschinen eine Schaumbildung verhindern kann. Als Entschäumer besonders geeignet sind hierfür übliche Verbindungen bzw. Gemische, beispielsweise von
- a) Tributylphosphat und/oder
- b) Organopolysiloxanen
- c) Gemische von Organopolysiloxanen mit aliphatischen Kohlenwasserstoffen.
- a) tributyl phosphate and / or
- b) organopolysiloxanes
- c) Mixtures of organopolysiloxanes with aliphatic hydrocarbons.
Bevorzugt beträgt die Einsatzmenge o,05 - o,5 Gew.-%, bezogen auf den Gesamtansatz, insbesondere o,1 - o,4 Gew.-%.The amount used is preferably 0.05-0.5% by weight, based on the total batch, in particular 0.1-0.4% by weight.
Die Herstellung der erfindungsgemäß verwendeten Tränkharzemulsion kann nach jedem für die Herstellung von Öl-in-Wasser-Emulsionen geeigneten Verfahren erfolgen, das zu der gewünschten Teilchengröße führt. Beispielsweise können die vorstehend erwähnten Monomeren und/ oder Oligomeren wie folgt in eine O/W-Emulsion überführt werden.The impregnating resin emulsion used according to the invention can be prepared by any process which is suitable for the preparation of oil-in-water emulsions and which leads to the desired particle size. For example, the above-mentioned monomers and / or oligomers can be converted into an O / W emulsion as follows.
- 1. Das Monomere und/oder Oligomere wird in einen Behälter mit Mischwerk und Hochleistungshomogenisator (Prinzip Stator/Rotor o. ä., Fa. IKA o. ä.) gegeben.1. The monomer and / or oligomer is placed in a container with a mixer and a high-performance homogenizer (principle stator / rotor or the like, from IKA or the like).
- 2. Der für das System optimale Emulgator, z. B. nichtionogene Emulgatoren, wie äthoxylierte Nonylphenole, werden dem Monomer, Oligomergemisch zugesetzt.2. The optimal emulsifier for the system, e.g. B. nonionic emulsifiers, such as ethoxylated nonylphenols, are added to the monomer, oligomer mixture.
- 3. Das Monomer und/oder Oligomergemisch wird mit dem Emulgator intensiv vermischt.3. The monomer and / or oligomer mixture is mixed intensively with the emulsifier.
- 4. Bei weiterlaufendem Mischwerk wird nun deionisiertes Wasser zugesetzt. Die Emulsionsbildung erfolgt durch Phasenumkehr, die nach der Zugabe von ca. 4o - 7o % des Wassers eintritt.4. With the mixer still running, deionized water is now added. The emulsion is formed by reversing the phase, which occurs after the addition of approx. 4o - 7o% of the water.
- 5. Die Zugabe weiterer notwendiger Additive, wie Entschäumer und Fungizide findet nach der Phasenumkehr statt.5. The addition of other necessary additives, such as defoamers and fungicides takes place after the phase reversal instead of.
- 6. Nach der Zugabe aller benötigten Rezepturbestandteile erfolgt die Feinstverteilung der inneren Phase (Monomer/Oligomer) mit dem Homogenisator.6. After the addition of all required formulation components, the inner phase (monomer / oligomer) is finely distributed with the homogenizer.
Wie erwähnt, weisen die erfindungsgemäß verwendeten wässrigen Emulsionen einen Festkörpergehalt (Monomeres und/oder Oligomeres plus Emulgator und weitere Zusätze bzw. Hilfsmittel) von etwa 15 bis 7o Gew.-% auf. Die Konzentration des Monomeren und/oder Oligomeren bzw. Harzes hängt letztlich von dem gewünschten Belegungsgrad des Substrats mit dem Monomeren, Oligomeren bzw. Harz ab.As mentioned, the aqueous emulsions used according to the invention have a solids content (monomer and / or oligomer plus emulsifier and further additives or auxiliaries) of about 15 to 70% by weight. The concentration of the monomer and / or oligomer or resin ultimately depends on the desired degree of coverage of the substrate with the monomer, oligomer or resin.
Die erfindungsgemäß getränkten Vlies- bzw. Papiermate- .rialien werden wie eingangs erwähnt durch energiereiche Strahlung gehärtet. Die Aushärtung des ungesättigten Acrylatharzes erfolgt durch Radikalkettenpolymerisation, die zu einem Kettenwachstum mit hohem dreidimensionalem Verzweigungsgrad führt. Hierzu erfolgt eine kurzfristige Bestrahlung mit energiereichen Strahlen von geringer Dosis. Man bedient sich bevorzugt einer Elektronen- bzw. B-Strahlung. Die Strahlung kann durch übliche Elektronenquellen erzeugt werden. Im allgemeinen bedient.man sich ein- oder mehrstufiger Elektronenbeschleuniger, beispielsweise der in der DE-PS (Patentanmeldung P 29 33 998.8 der Wikolin Polymer Chemie GmbH und der Otto Dürr Anlagenbau GmbH) beschriebenen Elektronenbeschleuniger. Dabei werden die erfindungsgemäß imprägnierten Papierbahnen gegebenenfalls unter einem Inertgas, wie beispielsweise Stickstoff, an einem Fenster vorbeigeführt, aus dem die Elektronenstrahlung austritt. Die Beschleunigungsspannungen der verwendeten ein- oder mehrstufigen Elektronenbeschleuniger liegen beispielsweise bei etwa 15o bis 50o kV, die Bestrahlungsdosis liegt beispielsweise bei etwa 0,1 bis etwa 16 Mrad.The nonwoven or paper materials impregnated according to the invention are cured by high-energy radiation, as mentioned at the beginning. The unsaturated acrylate resin is cured by radical chain polymerization, which leads to chain growth with a high three-dimensional degree of branching. For this purpose, short-term irradiation with high-energy rays of a low dose is carried out. Electron or B radiation is preferably used. The radiation can be generated by conventional electron sources. In general, one or more stage electron accelerators are used, for example the electron accelerators described in DE-PS (patent application P 29 33 998.8 of Wikolin Polymer Chemie GmbH and Otto Dürr Anlagenbau GmbH). The paper webs impregnated according to the invention are optionally passed under an inert gas, such as nitrogen, past a window from which the electron radiation emerges. The acceleration voltages of the single or multi-stage electron accelerators used are, for example , at about 15o to 5 o 0 kV, the irradiation dose is, for example about 0.1 to about 16 Mrad.
a) Im folgenden ist eine spezielle Rezeptur für ein erfindungsgemäß emulgierbares Harz/Monomer-Gemisch angegeben:
- 1 Äquivalent Polypropylenglykol MG 4oo
- 2 Äquivalente Toluylendiisocyanat 80/20
- 1 Äquivalent 2-Hydroxyäthylacrylat
- 1 equivalent of polypropylene glycol MG 4oo
- 2 equivalents of tolylene diisocyanate 80/20
- 1 equivalent of 2-hydroxyethyl acrylate
Das hieraus erhaltene Produkt wird 50%-ig in Hexandiol-1,6-diacrylat gelöst.The product obtained from this is dissolved 50% in hexanediol 1,6-diacrylate.
MGHarz = 980 Viskosität: 600 - 12oo mPa.s Funktionalität: 2MG resin = 98 0 Viscosity: 6 00 - 12oo mPa.s Functionality: 2
b) Ein Beispiel für ein emulgierbares Monomeres ist: Pentacrythritoltriacrylat (durchschnittlicher Veresterungsgrad 3,3, Viskosität 600 - 900 mpa.s)b) An example of an emulsifiable monomer is: pentacrythritol triacrylate (average degree of esterification 3.3, viscosity 6 00 - 9 00 m p as)
Herstellung eines Oligomeren, das für die Emulgierung und Imprägnation geeignet ist.
- a) Rezeptur:
- b) Herstellungsvorschrift Pos. 1 und 2 werden in einen 2 1-Dreihalskolben gegeben.
- a) Recipe:
- b) Manufacturing instructions items 1 and 2 are placed in a 2 1 three-necked flask.
Der Kolben ist ausgerüstet mit einem Kondensator (wassergekühlt), einem Rührwerk mit Patentstopfen, der es erlaubt, während des Herstellungsvorganges den Kolben mit Stickstoff abzudecken (wegen der NeO/Wasser-Reaktion), sowie einem Thermometer für die Temperaturführung.The flask is equipped with a condenser (water-cooled), a stirrer with a patent plug, which allows the flask to be covered with nitrogen during the manufacturing process (due to the NeO / water reaction), and a thermometer for temperature control.
Pos. 1 und 2 werden auf 75° C unter Rühren für 2 Stunden erhitzt.Items 1 and 2 are heated to 75 ° C with stirring for 2 hours.
Nun wird die NCO-Zahl bestimmt, NCO-Soll = 6,24 ± o,1 %Now the NCO number is determined, NCO target = 6.24 ± 0.1%
Ist der NCO-Wert erreicht, werden 5 - 2o ppm Nitrobenzol zugegeben (Thermostabilisator für 4-Hydroxybutylacrylat), und die Pos. 3 zugesetzt.When the NCO value is reached, 5 - 20 ppm nitrobenzene are added (thermal stabilizer for 4-hydroxybutyl acrylate) and item 3 is added.
Die Temperatur wird nun für 3 Stunden bei 75° C gehalten.The temperature is now kept at 75 ° C. for 3 hours.
Nach 3 Stunden wird die NCO-Zahl bestimmt, NCO-Soll = 0,00 %.After 3 hours, the NCO number is determined, NCO target = 0.00%.
Ist kein freies NCO mehr vorhanden, wird die Pos. 4 zugegeben und gründlich gemischt. Nach dem Mischen wird der Reaktorinhalt auf ca. 40° C abgekühlt und das Harz abgefüllt.If there is no free NCO left, item 4 is added and mixed thoroughly. After mixing, the reactor contents are cooled to approx. 40 ° C and the resin is filled.
Rezepturbeispiel für eine Emulsion:Recipe example for an emulsion:
In einer Papiermaschine wird eine Papierbahn aus einer Cellulose mit einem Langfaseranteil von 80 % gebildet. In die Leimpresse der Papiermaschine wird zur Imprägnierung der Bahn eine wässrige Emulsion nach Beispiel 3 mit einem Monomerenanteil von 30 % eingefüllt. Die Papierbahn wird durch die Leimpresse geführt und imprägniert. Am Ende der Papiermaschine ist eine elektronische Strahlungshärtungsanlage aufgestellt, durch die die Papierbahn hindurchgeführt wird. Es entsteht ein imprägniertes Papier, das einen Harzgehalt von 21 % aufweist und porös ist bei hoher Festigkeit. Der Berstdruck liegt über 3 Atmosphären. Das Harz ist vollständig ausgehärtet.A paper web is made from a cellulose with a long fiber content of 80% in a paper machine. To impregnate the web, an aqueous emulsion according to Example 3 with a monomer content of 30 % is filled into the size press of the paper machine. The paper web is passed through the size press and impregnated. At the end of the paper machine, an electronic radiation curing system is set up, through which the paper web is passed. The result is an impregnated paper that has a resin content of 21% and is porous with high strength. The burst pressure is above 3 atmospheres. The resin is fully cured.
Claims (9)
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Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
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DE3020333 | 1980-05-29 | ||
DE19803020333 DE3020333C2 (en) | 1980-05-29 | 1980-05-29 | Process for making porous paper |
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Publication Number | Publication Date |
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EP0041205A1 true EP0041205A1 (en) | 1981-12-09 |
EP0041205B1 EP0041205B1 (en) | 1985-12-11 |
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Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
---|---|---|---|
EP19810103970 Expired EP0041205B1 (en) | 1980-05-29 | 1981-05-23 | Process for the manufacturing of filter materials |
Country Status (4)
Country | Link |
---|---|
EP (1) | EP0041205B1 (en) |
BR (1) | BR8103343A (en) |
DE (1) | DE3020333C2 (en) |
FI (1) | FI68436C (en) |
Cited By (1)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
WO2007006292A2 (en) * | 2005-07-12 | 2007-01-18 | Mahle International Gmbh | Filter medium for technical applications, and method for the production thereof |
Families Citing this family (1)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
DE4114281C2 (en) * | 1991-05-02 | 1996-05-02 | Hoelter Heinz | Method for producing a chemisorption filter and device for carrying out such a method |
Citations (3)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
DE1031118B (en) * | 1954-03-01 | 1958-05-29 | Wipac Dev Ltd | Filter paper and process for its manufacture |
FR1359241A (en) * | 1963-03-12 | 1964-04-24 | Papers impregnated or in picks at high production speed | |
FR2241384A1 (en) * | 1973-05-30 | 1975-03-21 | Commissariat Energie Atomique |
Family Cites Families (3)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
SE417849B (en) * | 1974-11-20 | 1981-04-13 | Billingsfors Bruks Ab | PROCEDURE FOR MANUFACTURING IMPREGNATED AND COATED WRAPPING |
BE847418A (en) * | 1975-12-11 | 1977-02-14 | PROCESS FOR MAKING TRANSPARENT SHEETS OF FIBROUS MATERIAL AND PRODUCTS OBTAINED, | |
DE2933998C2 (en) * | 1979-08-22 | 1987-05-27 | Otto Dürr Anlagenbau GmbH, 7000 Stuttgart | Method and device for the production of an impregnated paper or non-woven substrate |
-
1980
- 1980-05-29 DE DE19803020333 patent/DE3020333C2/en not_active Expired
-
1981
- 1981-05-23 EP EP19810103970 patent/EP0041205B1/en not_active Expired
- 1981-05-28 BR BR8103343A patent/BR8103343A/en unknown
- 1981-05-29 FI FI811664A patent/FI68436C/en not_active IP Right Cessation
Patent Citations (3)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
DE1031118B (en) * | 1954-03-01 | 1958-05-29 | Wipac Dev Ltd | Filter paper and process for its manufacture |
FR1359241A (en) * | 1963-03-12 | 1964-04-24 | Papers impregnated or in picks at high production speed | |
FR2241384A1 (en) * | 1973-05-30 | 1975-03-21 | Commissariat Energie Atomique |
Cited By (2)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
WO2007006292A2 (en) * | 2005-07-12 | 2007-01-18 | Mahle International Gmbh | Filter medium for technical applications, and method for the production thereof |
WO2007006292A3 (en) * | 2005-07-12 | 2007-04-19 | Mahle Int Gmbh | Filter medium for technical applications, and method for the production thereof |
Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
---|---|
FI811664L (en) | 1981-11-30 |
BR8103343A (en) | 1982-02-16 |
FI68436C (en) | 1985-09-10 |
DE3020333C2 (en) | 1983-12-29 |
EP0041205B1 (en) | 1985-12-11 |
FI68436B (en) | 1985-05-31 |
DE3020333A1 (en) | 1981-12-10 |
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