EP0039785B1 - Shipping and storage container for protection against radiation from used fuel elements - Google Patents

Shipping and storage container for protection against radiation from used fuel elements Download PDF

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Publication number
EP0039785B1
EP0039785B1 EP81102674A EP81102674A EP0039785B1 EP 0039785 B1 EP0039785 B1 EP 0039785B1 EP 81102674 A EP81102674 A EP 81102674A EP 81102674 A EP81102674 A EP 81102674A EP 0039785 B1 EP0039785 B1 EP 0039785B1
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EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
protective
container
jacket
foot
concrete container
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Expired
Application number
EP81102674A
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German (de)
French (fr)
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EP0039785A1 (en
Inventor
Wolfgang Richter
Harry Spilker
Hans-Peter Dyck
Klaus Dr. Janberg
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Deutsche Gesellschaft fuer Wiederaufarbeitung von Kernbrennstoffen mbH
Original Assignee
Deutsche Gesellschaft fuer Wiederaufarbeitung von Kernbrennstoffen mbH
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Publication of EP0039785A1 publication Critical patent/EP0039785A1/en
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Publication of EP0039785B1 publication Critical patent/EP0039785B1/en
Expired legal-status Critical Current

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    • G—PHYSICS
    • G21—NUCLEAR PHYSICS; NUCLEAR ENGINEERING
    • G21F—PROTECTION AGAINST X-RADIATION, GAMMA RADIATION, CORPUSCULAR RADIATION OR PARTICLE BOMBARDMENT; TREATING RADIOACTIVELY CONTAMINATED MATERIAL; DECONTAMINATION ARRANGEMENTS THEREFOR
    • G21F5/00—Transportable or portable shielded containers
    • G21F5/06—Details of, or accessories to, the containers
    • G21F5/10—Heat-removal systems, e.g. using circulating fluid or cooling fins

Definitions

  • the invention relates to a device according to the preamble of claim 1.
  • no measures for lifting and transporting, for preventing the penetration of water and vermin or for improving the heat dissipation and possibly for recovering at least part of the heat developed are provided.
  • the object of the present invention is therefore to design a device according to the preamble of claim 1 in such a way that the disadvantages described above in the prior art are avoided and in particular the loading and transportation of the device are facilitated.
  • a fuel element container is introduced into the device according to the invention in such a way that the fuel element container is placed on the pallet designed as a base, then the protective jacket is placed over the container and finally the lid is put on.
  • the design of the foot as a pallet that can be driven under makes lifting and transporting the protective container much easier.
  • Low-loaders can be used for transport, which can move under the pallet with their loading area due to their flat design.
  • the protective container is then transported in a vertical position to the intended storage location and simply placed there at the intended location by lowering the loading area of the vehicle.
  • the inclined and / or angled design of the exhaust air ducts in the area of the cover improves the ventilation and thus the heat dissipation.
  • the containers loaded with fuel elements still have a radioactive dose rate of gamma and neutron radiation of approx. 10 mrem / h on the surface with a one-year decay time.
  • this dose rate is reduced by suitable shielding to such an extent that it is at a distance of 50 m, ie. H. around the fence of the container storage, is only around 10 mrem / a.
  • the shielding and the heat dissipation are improved by the development according to claim 3.
  • the water can be introduced in the lower area of the lid or hood and drained in the upper area.
  • the concrete is cooled and it absorbs more heat from the fuel assembly container through radiation and transverse convection.
  • normal convection loses its importance.
  • This allows the exhaust air ducts to be designed and dimensioned in this way, i.e. in particular to narrow down that a reduction in the convection air flow is achieved without endangering the safety of the heat dissipation.
  • This allows the water temperature to be raised to a level that enables even better use of heat. If the water flow failed, the tank temperature would only increase by about 40 to 60 ° C and thus remain within the permissible limits.
  • the measures according to claim 6 are provided to improve the ventilation of the protective container.
  • the device 2 for receiving, transporting and radiation shielding of containers 4 loaded with spent reactor fuel elements.
  • the device 2 consists of a protective container 6.
  • the protective container 6 has a foot 8, a protective jacket 10 and one Lid 12 on. These parts of the device 2 are preferably made of concrete.
  • the clear width of the protective container 6 is somewhat larger than the diameter of the fuel assembly container 4, so that an annular space 14 is formed in which air can circulate.
  • the protective container 6 is provided with lower lateral supply air channels 16 and with upper lateral exhaust air channels 18 which open into the annular space 14.
  • the foot 8 also has axially extending Supply air channels 20, which also open into the annular space 14.
  • the foot 8 is designed as a pallet that can be driven under, for which purpose, as shown, legs 22 are arranged under the foot.
  • the protective jacket 10 is placed on the base 8 or on the pallet. To facilitate the centering of the protective jacket 10 on the base 8, centering pins 24 are provided, see FIG. Fig. 3.
  • the foot 8 or the pallet is formed with a central elevation 26 on which the fuel assembly container 4 rests.
  • the cover 12 is provided like a hood with a downwardly facing peripheral collar 28 which surrounds the protective jacket 10 at a distance.
  • the exhaust air ducts 18 open into the annular space 30, which is open to the atmosphere.
  • the cover 12 is also provided with an upper opening 32 which can be closed. This opening is for inspection purposes.
  • Seals 34 and 36 are provided between the contact surfaces between the concrete jacket and foot and between the concrete jacket and cover.
  • close-meshed grids 38, 40 are arranged for keeping vermin and insects away.
  • the protective container 6 preferably has the polygonal cross-sectional shape that can be seen in FIGS. 2 and 3.
  • Other cross-sectional shapes for example round, oval or rectangular, are also possible.
  • FIG. 4 shows a sectional view of another embodiment of a protective container 42, in particular another embodiment of a protective container cover 44 and of exhaust air ducts 46.
  • the exhaust air ducts 46 are designed in such a way that they first rise to the outside in a first part 48 and then drop slightly to the outside again in a second section 5.
  • the second section 50 of the exhaust air ducts 46 can also run horizontally.
  • the cover or the hood 44 itself is provided with a cavity 52 which can be connected to a water circuit via an inlet connection 54 and an outlet connection (not shown).
  • the cover 44 is preferably provided with a central inspection opening (not shown).
  • the jacket 56 can also be provided with cavities 58 through which water flows, as is indicated schematically by dashed lines in FIG.

Description

Die Erfindung betrifft eine Vorrichtung gemäss Oberbegriff des Anspruchs 1.The invention relates to a device according to the preamble of claim 1.

Durch die Veröffentlichung ARH-2888 REV, 2-13, ist ein Betonschutzbehälter mit etwa den Merkmalen des Oberbegriffs des Anspruchs 1 bekannt.From the publication ARH-2888 REV, 2-13, a concrete protective container with approximately the features of the preamble of claim 1 is known.

Dieser besteht offenbar aus einem separaten Betonschutzmantel, Betonfuss und Betondeckel. Sowohl der Betondeckel als auch der Betonfuss sind beabstandet zum Betonschutzmantel angeordnet. Durch diese Anordnung werden untere seitliche Zuluft- und obere seitliche Abluftöffnungen geschaffen. Bei diesem bekannten Beton- schutzbehälter sind keine Massnahmen zum Anheben und zum Transport, zur Verhinderung des Eindringens von Wasser und Ungeziefer oder zur Verbesserung der Wärmeabfuhr und gegebenenfalls zur Rückgewinnung wenigstens eines Teils der entwickelten Wärme vorgesehen.This apparently consists of a separate concrete protective jacket, concrete foot and concrete cover. Both the concrete cover and the concrete base are spaced apart from the concrete protective jacket. This arrangement creates lower side supply air and upper side exhaust openings. In this known concrete protective container, no measures for lifting and transporting, for preventing the penetration of water and vermin or for improving the heat dissipation and possibly for recovering at least part of the heat developed are provided.

Die Aufgabe der vorliegenden Erfindung besteht deshalb darin, eine Vorrichtung gemäss Oberbegriff des Anspruchs 1 so auszubilden, dass die oben beim Stand der Technik beschriebenen Nachteile vermieden sind und insbesondere die Beladung und der Transport der Vorrichtung erleichtert werden.The object of the present invention is therefore to design a device according to the preamble of claim 1 in such a way that the disadvantages described above in the prior art are avoided and in particular the loading and transportation of the device are facilitated.

Diese Aufgabe wird durch die im Kennzeichen des Anspruchs 1 angegebenen Massnahmen gelöst. Das Einbringen eines Brennelement-Behälters in die erfindungsgemässe Vorrichtung erfolgt so, dass der Brennelement-Behälter auf der als Fuss ausgebildeten Palette abgestellt wird, dann der Schutzmantel über den Behälter gesetzt und schliesslich der Deckel aufgesetzt wird. Durch die Ausbildung des Fusses als unterfahrbare Palette wird das Anheben und der Transport des Schutzbehälters wesentlich erleichtert. Zum Transport können vorteilhaft Tieflader eingesetzt werden, die aufgrund ihrer flachen Bauweise mit ihrer Ladefläche unter die Palette fahren können. Nach Anheben der Ladefläche wird dann der Schutzbehälter in senkrechter Stellung zum vorgesehenen Lagerplatz transportiert und dort einfach durch Absenken der Ladefläche des Fahrzeugs am vorgesehenen Platz abgesetzt. Durch die geneigte und/oder winklige Ausbildung der Abluftkanäle im Bereich des Deckels wird die Belüftung und damit die Wärmeabfuhr verbessert.This object is achieved by the measures specified in the characterizing part of claim 1. A fuel element container is introduced into the device according to the invention in such a way that the fuel element container is placed on the pallet designed as a base, then the protective jacket is placed over the container and finally the lid is put on. The design of the foot as a pallet that can be driven under makes lifting and transporting the protective container much easier. Low-loaders can be used for transport, which can move under the pallet with their loading area due to their flat design. After lifting the loading area, the protective container is then transported in a vertical position to the intended storage location and simply placed there at the intended location by lowering the loading area of the vehicle. The inclined and / or angled design of the exhaust air ducts in the area of the cover improves the ventilation and thus the heat dissipation.

Die mit Brennelementen beladenen Behälter haben an der Oberfläche noch eine radioaktive Dosisleistung aus Gamma- und Neutronenstrahlung von ca. 10 mrem/h bei einem Jahr Abklingzeit. Durch den erfindungsgemässen Schutzbehälter wird diese Dosisleistung durch geeignete Abschirmung soweit abgesenkt, dass sie in einer Entfernung von 50 m, d. h. etwa an der Umzäunung des Behälterlagers, nur noch rund 10 mrem/a beträgt.The containers loaded with fuel elements still have a radioactive dose rate of gamma and neutron radiation of approx. 10 mrem / h on the surface with a one-year decay time. Through the protective container according to the invention, this dose rate is reduced by suitable shielding to such an extent that it is at a distance of 50 m, ie. H. around the fence of the container storage, is only around 10 mrem / a.

Zweckmässige und vorteilhafte Weiterbildungen der Erfindung sind in den abhängigen Ansprüchen angegeben.Appropriate and advantageous developments of the invention are specified in the dependent claims.

Durch die Weiterbildung gemäss Anspruch 2 wird ein verbesserter Schutz gegen Eindringen von Wasser, Schnee und Insekten erzielt, wodurch ausserdem die Gefahr des Auftretens von radioaktiven Verunreinigungen ausserhalb der Schutzbehälter verringert wird.The further development according to claim 2 provides improved protection against the ingress of water, snow and insects, as a result of which the risk of radioactive contamination occurring outside the protective container is also reduced.

Durch die Weiterbildung gemäss Anspruch 3 wird die Abschirmung und die Wärmeabfuhr verbessert. Ausserdem besteht die Möglichkeit der Ausnutzung der entwickelten Wärme, beispielsweise zu Heizzwecken. Das Wasser kann im unteren Bereich des Deckels bzw. der Haube eingeleitet und im oberen Bereich abgeleitet werden. Dadurch wird der Beton gekühlt, und er nimmt mehr Wärme auf vom Brennelement-Behälter durch Strahlung und Querkonvektion. Durch diese Ausbildung verliert die normale Konvektion an Bedeutung. Dies erlaubt, die Abluftkanäle so zu gestalten und zu dimensionieren, d.h. insbesondere zu verengen, dass eine Verringerung des konvektierenden Luftstromes erzielt wird, ohne dass die Sicherheit der Wärmeabfuhr gefährdet wird. Dadurch lässt sich die Wassertemperatur anheben auf ein Niveau, das eine noch bessere Wärmenutzung ermöglicht. Bei Ausfall des Wasserdurchlaufs würde sich die Behältertemperatur nur um etwa 40 bis 60°C erhöhen und somit in den zulässigen Grenzen bleiben.The shielding and the heat dissipation are improved by the development according to claim 3. In addition, there is the possibility of using the developed heat, for example for heating purposes. The water can be introduced in the lower area of the lid or hood and drained in the upper area. As a result, the concrete is cooled and it absorbs more heat from the fuel assembly container through radiation and transverse convection. With this training, normal convection loses its importance. This allows the exhaust air ducts to be designed and dimensioned in this way, i.e. in particular to narrow down that a reduction in the convection air flow is achieved without endangering the safety of the heat dissipation. This allows the water temperature to be raised to a level that enables even better use of heat. If the water flow failed, the tank temperature would only increase by about 40 to 60 ° C and thus remain within the permissible limits.

Zur Verbesserung der Belüftung des Schutzbehälters sind die Massnahmen gemäss Anspruch 6 vorgesehen.The measures according to claim 6 are provided to improve the ventilation of the protective container.

Um ein einwandfreies Aufsetzen des Schutzmantels auf den Fuss bzw. die Palette zu gewährleisten, sind die Massnahmen gemäss Anspruch 7 vorgesehen.In order to ensure a correct placement of the protective jacket on the foot or the pallet, the measures according to claim 7 are provided.

Um das Eindringen von Ungeziefer und Insekten sicher zu verhindern, ist die weitere Ausgestaltung gemäss Anspruch 9 vorgesehen.In order to reliably prevent the entry of vermin and insects, the further embodiment according to claim 9 is provided.

Die Erfindung soll nun anhand der beigefügten Zeichnung, die ein Ausführungsbeispiel zeigt, näher erläutert werden. Es zeigt:

  • Fig. 1 einen Längsschnitt durch einen erfindungsgemäss ausgebildeten Schutzbehälter,
  • Fig. 2 einen Querschnitt entlang der Linie 1-1 der Fig. 1,
  • Fig. 3 einen Querschnitt entlang der Linie 11-11 der Fig. 1 und
  • Fig. 4 einen Schnitt durch eine andere Schutzbehälter-Deckelausführung.
The invention will now be explained in more detail with reference to the accompanying drawing, which shows an embodiment. It shows:
  • 1 shows a longitudinal section through a protective container designed according to the invention,
  • 2 shows a cross section along the line 1-1 of FIG. 1,
  • Fig. 3 is a cross section along the line 11-11 of Fig. 1 and
  • Fig. 4 shows a section through another protective container cover design.

Die Fig. 1 bis 3 zeigen eine Vorrichtung 2 zur Aufnahme, zum Transport und zur Strahlungsabschirmung von mit abgebrannten Reaktor-Brennelementen beladenen Behältern 4. Die Vorrichtung 2 besteht aus einem Schutzbehälter 6. Der Schutzbehälter 6 weist einen Fuss 8, einen Schutzmantel 10 und einen Deckel 12 auf. Diese Teile der Vorrichtung 2 sind vorzugsweise aus Beton gefertigt.1 to 3 show a device 2 for receiving, transporting and radiation shielding of containers 4 loaded with spent reactor fuel elements. The device 2 consists of a protective container 6. The protective container 6 has a foot 8, a protective jacket 10 and one Lid 12 on. These parts of the device 2 are preferably made of concrete.

Die lichte Weite des Schutzbehälters 6 ist etwas grösser als der Durchmesser des Brennelement-Behälters 4, so dass ein Ringraum 14 gebildet wird, in dem Luft zirkulieren kann.The clear width of the protective container 6 is somewhat larger than the diameter of the fuel assembly container 4, so that an annular space 14 is formed in which air can circulate.

Der Schutzbehälter 6 ist mit unteren seitlichen Zuluftkanälen 16 und mit oberen seitlichen Abluftkanälen 18 versehen, die in den Ringraum 14 münden. Der Fuss 8 weist ferner axial verlaufende Zuluftkanäle 20 auf, die ebenfalls in den Ringraum 14 münden.The protective container 6 is provided with lower lateral supply air channels 16 and with upper lateral exhaust air channels 18 which open into the annular space 14. The foot 8 also has axially extending Supply air channels 20, which also open into the annular space 14.

Der Fuss 8 ist als unterfahrbare Palette ausgebildet, wozu, wie dargestellt, Beine 22 unter dem Fuss angeordnet sind. Auf dem Fuss 8 bzw. auf der Palette ist der Schutzmantel 10 aufgesetzt. Zur Erleichterung der Zentrierung des Schutzmantels 10 auf dem Fuss 8 sind Zentrierdorne 24 vorgesehen, s. Fig. 3. Der Fuss 8 bzw. die Palette ist mit einer zentralen Erhöhung 26 ausgebildet, auf der der Brennelement-Behälter 4 ruht.The foot 8 is designed as a pallet that can be driven under, for which purpose, as shown, legs 22 are arranged under the foot. The protective jacket 10 is placed on the base 8 or on the pallet. To facilitate the centering of the protective jacket 10 on the base 8, centering pins 24 are provided, see FIG. Fig. 3. The foot 8 or the pallet is formed with a central elevation 26 on which the fuel assembly container 4 rests.

Der Deckel 12 ist haubenartig mit einem nach unten zeigenden Umfangskragen 28 versehen, der den Schutzmantel 10 beabstandet umgibt. In den so zur Atmosphäre hin offenen Ringraum 30 münden die Abluftkanäle 18. Der Deckel 12 ist ferner mit einer oberen Öffnung 32 versehen, die verschliessbar ist. Diese Öffnung dient Inspektionszwecken.The cover 12 is provided like a hood with a downwardly facing peripheral collar 28 which surrounds the protective jacket 10 at a distance. The exhaust air ducts 18 open into the annular space 30, which is open to the atmosphere. The cover 12 is also provided with an upper opening 32 which can be closed. This opening is for inspection purposes.

Zwischen den Anlageflächen zwischen Betonmantel und Fuss und zwischen Betonmantel und Deckel sind Dichtungen 34 und 36 vorgesehen. In die Zuluft- und Abluftkanäle 16 und 18 sind engmaschige Gitter 38, 40 zum Fernhalten von Ungeziefer und Insekten angeordnet.Seals 34 and 36 are provided between the contact surfaces between the concrete jacket and foot and between the concrete jacket and cover. In the supply air and exhaust air ducts 16 and 18, close-meshed grids 38, 40 are arranged for keeping vermin and insects away.

Der Schutzbehälter 6 weist vorzugsweise die den Fig. 2 und 3 entnehmbare mehreckige Querschnittsform auf. Andere Querschnittsformen, beispielsweise runde, ovale oder rechteckige sind ebenfalls möglich.The protective container 6 preferably has the polygonal cross-sectional shape that can be seen in FIGS. 2 and 3. Other cross-sectional shapes, for example round, oval or rectangular, are also possible.

Es soll nun Bezug genommen werden auf die Fig. 4, der in einer Schnittdarstellung eine andere Ausführungsform eines Schutzbehälters 42, insbesondere eine andere Ausführungsform eines Schutzbehälterdeckels 44 und von Abluftkanälen 46 entnehmbar ist. Die Abluftkanäle 46 sind so gestaltet, dass sie in einem ersten Teil 48 zunächst nach aussen ansteigen und dann in einem zweiten Abschnitt 5 nach aussen wieder leicht abfallen. Der zweite Abschnitt 50 der Abluftkanäle 46 kann auch waagerecht verlaufen. Der Deckel bzw. die Haube 44 selbst ist mit einem Hohlraum 52 versehen, der über einen Eingangsanschluss 54 und einen nicht dargestellten Ausgangsanschluss an einen Wasserkreislauf anschliessbar ist. Der Deckel 44 ist vorzugsweise wie der Deckel 12 nach Fig. 1 mit einer zentralen Inspektionsöffnung (nicht dargestellt) versehen. Ebenso wie der Deckel kann auch der Mantel 56 mit wasserdurchströmten Hohlräumen 58 versehen sein, wie dies schematisch gestrichelt in der Fig.4 angedeutet ist.Reference is now made to FIG. 4, which shows a sectional view of another embodiment of a protective container 42, in particular another embodiment of a protective container cover 44 and of exhaust air ducts 46. The exhaust air ducts 46 are designed in such a way that they first rise to the outside in a first part 48 and then drop slightly to the outside again in a second section 5. The second section 50 of the exhaust air ducts 46 can also run horizontally. The cover or the hood 44 itself is provided with a cavity 52 which can be connected to a water circuit via an inlet connection 54 and an outlet connection (not shown). Like the cover 12 according to FIG. 1, the cover 44 is preferably provided with a central inspection opening (not shown). Like the cover, the jacket 56 can also be provided with cavities 58 through which water flows, as is indicated schematically by dashed lines in FIG.

Claims (9)

1. A protective concrete container for transport, storage and radiation screening of fuel element containers charged with spent reactor fuel elements, which exhibits a cylindrical protective jacket which surrounds the fuel element container with clearance, stands on a separate foot and is provided with a lid, which further exhibits at the bottom edge of the protective jacket lateral air inlet channels which open out into an annular space formed between the protective jacket and the fuel element container, as well as lateral air outlet channels to discharge heated air out of this space, which are formed in the region of the top edge of the protective jacket, characterized in that the separate foot (8) is made as a pallet under which can be run a vehicle and that the air outlet channels (18, 46) passing through the protective jacket (10) are made sloping down towards the outside or in a first portion (48) with a rise from the inside outwards and in a second portion horizontal towards the outside or sloping slightly down.
2. A protective concrete container as in Claim 1, characterized in that the lid (12, 44) is made as a hood with a collar (28) projecting downwards and surrounding the protective jacket (10) with clearance.
3. A protective concrete container as in Claim 1 or 2, characterized in that the lid (12, 44) and/or the jacket (10) of the protective container is provided with cavities (52) with water flowing through for recovery of heat.
4. A protective concrete container as in Claim 1, characterized in that the foot (8) is provided with legs (22).
5. A protective concrete container as in Claim 1 or 4, characterized in that the foot or respectively the pallet (8) is provided with a raised central area (26) for standing the fuel element container (4).
6. A protective concrete container as in one of the preceding Claims, characterized in that additional air inlet openings (20) arranged axially are formed in the foot (8).
7. A protective concrete container as in one of the Claims 1 and 4 to 6, characterized in that centreing devices (24) are provided for the correct mounting of the protective jacket (10) on the foot (8) or respectively the pallet.
8. A protective concrete container as in one of the preceding Claims, characterized in that jointing (34, 36) is arranged between the jacket (10) and the lid (12, 44) and between the jacket and the foot (8).
9. A protective concrete container as in one of the preceding Claims, characterized in that the air inlet and air outlet channels (16, 18) are equipped with devices (38, 40), for example, close-mesh grids or the like for protection against insects or the like.
EP81102674A 1980-05-09 1981-04-09 Shipping and storage container for protection against radiation from used fuel elements Expired EP0039785B1 (en)

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
DE3017767 1980-05-09
DE3017767A DE3017767C2 (en) 1980-05-09 1980-05-09 Protective container for the transport, storage and radiation shielding of fuel element containers loaded with spent reactor fuel elements

Publications (2)

Publication Number Publication Date
EP0039785A1 EP0039785A1 (en) 1981-11-18
EP0039785B1 true EP0039785B1 (en) 1985-07-24

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EP81102674A Expired EP0039785B1 (en) 1980-05-09 1981-04-09 Shipping and storage container for protection against radiation from used fuel elements

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US (1) US4498011A (en)
EP (1) EP0039785B1 (en)
JP (1) JPS576396A (en)
DE (1) DE3017767C2 (en)

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DE3017767A1 (en) 1981-11-19
JPS576396A (en) 1982-01-13
DE3017767C2 (en) 1984-11-15
US4498011A (en) 1985-02-05
EP0039785A1 (en) 1981-11-18

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