EP0039702B1 - Dispositif de balayage electronique dans le plan de polarisation - Google Patents

Dispositif de balayage electronique dans le plan de polarisation Download PDF

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Publication number
EP0039702B1
EP0039702B1 EP80902117A EP80902117A EP0039702B1 EP 0039702 B1 EP0039702 B1 EP 0039702B1 EP 80902117 A EP80902117 A EP 80902117A EP 80902117 A EP80902117 A EP 80902117A EP 0039702 B1 EP0039702 B1 EP 0039702B1
Authority
EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
panels
wave
electrical field
diodes
wires
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Expired
Application number
EP80902117A
Other languages
German (de)
English (en)
French (fr)
Other versions
EP0039702A1 (fr
Inventor
Claude David Chekroun
Yves Claude Michel
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
D'ETUDES DU RADANT Ste
Original Assignee
D'ETUDES DU RADANT Ste
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by D'ETUDES DU RADANT Ste filed Critical D'ETUDES DU RADANT Ste
Priority to AT80902117T priority Critical patent/ATE6108T1/de
Publication of EP0039702A1 publication Critical patent/EP0039702A1/fr
Application granted granted Critical
Publication of EP0039702B1 publication Critical patent/EP0039702B1/fr
Expired legal-status Critical Current

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Classifications

    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01Q—ANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
    • H01Q3/00—Arrangements for changing or varying the orientation or the shape of the directional pattern of the waves radiated from an antenna or antenna system
    • H01Q3/26—Arrangements for changing or varying the orientation or the shape of the directional pattern of the waves radiated from an antenna or antenna system varying the relative phase or relative amplitude of energisation between two or more active radiating elements; varying the distribution of energy across a radiating aperture
    • H01Q3/30—Arrangements for changing or varying the orientation or the shape of the directional pattern of the waves radiated from an antenna or antenna system varying the relative phase or relative amplitude of energisation between two or more active radiating elements; varying the distribution of energy across a radiating aperture varying the relative phase between the radiating elements of an array
    • H01Q3/34—Arrangements for changing or varying the orientation or the shape of the directional pattern of the waves radiated from an antenna or antenna system varying the relative phase or relative amplitude of energisation between two or more active radiating elements; varying the distribution of energy across a radiating aperture varying the relative phase between the radiating elements of an array by electrical means
    • H01Q3/36—Arrangements for changing or varying the orientation or the shape of the directional pattern of the waves radiated from an antenna or antenna system varying the relative phase or relative amplitude of energisation between two or more active radiating elements; varying the distribution of energy across a radiating aperture varying the relative phase between the radiating elements of an array by electrical means with variable phase-shifters
    • H01Q3/38—Arrangements for changing or varying the orientation or the shape of the directional pattern of the waves radiated from an antenna or antenna system varying the relative phase or relative amplitude of energisation between two or more active radiating elements; varying the distribution of energy across a radiating aperture varying the relative phase between the radiating elements of an array by electrical means with variable phase-shifters the phase-shifters being digital
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01Q—ANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
    • H01Q3/00—Arrangements for changing or varying the orientation or the shape of the directional pattern of the waves radiated from an antenna or antenna system
    • H01Q3/44—Arrangements for changing or varying the orientation or the shape of the directional pattern of the waves radiated from an antenna or antenna system varying the electric or magnetic characteristics of reflecting, refracting, or diffracting devices associated with the radiating element
    • H01Q3/46—Active lenses or reflecting arrays

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to an electronic scanning device for focusing and / or deflecting in a plane, a beam emitted by a microwave source.
  • the electronic scanning device on the contrary makes it possible to scan in a plane parallel to the electric field of the incident wave. It consists of a new application of the dielectric panels described in French patent 2,063,967.
  • dielectric panels (1a, 1b, 1c, etc.) are associated in which are embedded flat networks of conductive wires 2 which can be made continuous or discontinuous at will by means of diodes 3 placed on these wires, so that the wires of all the networks are parallel to the electric field vector 4 of the incident wave, emitted by a radiating microwave source 6, that in each of the panels all the diodes are controlled simultaneously and identically by a sufficient voltage to make them at will conductive or not, applied to the terminals of the control wires 5 perpendicular to the electric field therefore without effect on it, that all the panels elementary 1a, 1b, 1c ...
  • the incident wave can be broken down into as many parallel bands as there are juxtaposed panels.
  • the phase shift introduced is uniform on each band, it can vary from one band to another. By varying this phase shift according to the bands and this by acting on the control voltage of the diodes in each panel, one can either focus or deflect the incident wave in the plane parallel to the wires carrying the diodes.
  • the choice of the dimensions of the panels in the direction of the direction of the diode carrying wires results from the condition of suppression of the lobes of networks of the antenna diagram constituted by the association of the above panels illuminated by an incident plane wave. whose electric field vector is parallel to the metallic wires carrying diodes.
  • phase shifting elements When juxtaposing phase shifting elements in order to spot the beam of a microwave electromagnetic wave in a direction 0 it is known that to avoid the appearance of lobes of networks, it is advisable to respect a certain relationship between the pitch of the elements phase shifters, wavelength, sine of the angle 0 of depointing and of number N of juxtaposed elements, which is written:
  • the lateral dimension in the direction perpendicular to the diode-carrying wires depends on the width of the main lobe desired and is sufficient to intercept the diameter of the microwave beam emitted by the source placed in front of the panel.
  • the pitch of the diodes is chosen, the pitch of the wires and the thickness of the dielectric material as a function of the desired phase shift, of the characteristics (in particular capacity) of the diodes, of the dielectric constant of the material and of the wavelength of the incident electromagnetic energy.
  • the optimum value of the step of the phase shifting elements sought in all the electronically scanned antennas is close to the half-wavelength of the radiated microwave energy. It is known that for a pitch of phase-shifting elements less than or equal to the half-wavelength of the radiated microwave energy, there does not appear any grating lobe in the radiation diagram of the antenna thus formed, which whatever the desired scanning angle. Unlike electronic scanning antennas using guide phase shifters, the method according to the invention easily makes it possible to comply with this condition, that is to say that one can choose the height h of a panel measured in the direction of the wires carrying diodes less than or equal to half the wavelength of the microwave energy radiated by the microwave source (see Figure 1).
  • the length of the diode-carrying wires incorporated in the dielectric material is equal to the height h of the panel, therefore less than or equal to the half-wavelength of the radiated microwave energy, if it is desired to appear no network lobes in the radiation pattern.
  • the number of diodes carried by each diode carrying wire of a panel will be low, it may vary, depending on the capacity of the selected diodes and the desired phase shift, from 1 to 10 diodes.
  • the difference in potential to be applied to the wire carrying diodes connected in the same direction on this wire, so that each diode is blocked and makes the wire electrically cut into sections, is equal to the product, by the number of diodes, of the voltage which 'You must apply the reverse to a single diode, i.e. around 20 volts, so that it is blocked. If, for example, four diodes are placed on the wire, the potential difference across the terminals of the diode-carrying wire necessary to make it cut into sections will be 80 volts. A voltage of 5 volts applied according to the polarity opposite to the wire terminals will make this wire continuous.
  • the reverse voltage of the order of 80 volts is low enough not to require special insulation in the panel or outside the panel; the single power supply device and the switch, responsible for supplying these voltages, applying them and then cutting them in very short times (10 microseconds) to a panel will therefore be extremely easy to achieve given the low voltage required with regard to voltages required in other scanning devices.
  • the control voltage of the diodes of a panel is advantageously applied via either two control wires connecting one, all the upper ends of the wires carrying diodes mounted in the same direction, the other all the ends lower, or three control wires, one connecting all the midpoints of the wires carrying diodes mounted in this case in two equal groups of opposite directions, the other two connecting the upper and lower ends of all wires carrying diodes on the panel; these control wires, perpendicular to the wires carrying diodes and therefore to the electric field vector of the radiated microwave wave have no effect on the latter.
  • the configuration, comprising three control wires, greatly simplifies the choice of diodes.
  • This active lens consists of 124 panels forming four layers of 31 juxtaposed panels, placed one behind the other on the path of the incident microwave wave emitted by the source at the frequency of 3100 Megahertz.
  • Each of the 93 panels (7), all identical to each other, of the first three layers of juxtaposed panels, can give, by the modification of the state of its diodes, a differential phase shift of 90 degrees to the incident microwave wave.
  • Each of the 31 panels (8) all identical to each other of the fourth layer of panels can give a differential phase shift of 45 degrees.
  • Each of the 31 groups made up of 3 panels (7) and 1 panel (8) joined one behind the other and intercepting the same band of the incident microwave wave (E) can give it a differential phase shift varying from 0 to 360 degrees in 45 degree steps.
  • FIG. 4 shows one of the 93 panels of the first three layers of the electronic scanning device or active lens.
  • This panel, 1 meter long and 45.3 millimeter high includes three sheets of dielectric material (11) (12) and (13).
  • the sheets (11) and (13) have a thickness of 0.5 millimeter and a dielectric constant of 5, the sheet (12) a thickness of 3.5 millimeters and a dielectric constant of 4.1.
  • each wire (14) is welded to each wire (14) so that in the direction of the direct current they are oriented towards the point located in the middle of the wire (14); on each wire (14) there are therefore two diodes in series in one direction and two diodes in series in the other direction.
  • the upper ends of the wires (14) are connected to a metal wire (16) located at the top of each of the sheets (11) and (13), perpendicular to the wires (14) and are thus connected to the terminal A of a voltage and / or current supply located outside the panel and specific to this panel.
  • the lower ends of the wires (14) are connected by metallic wires to the same terminal A of this voltage and / or current supply.
  • All the points located in the middle of the wires (14) of the sheets (11) and (13) are connected and connected together, by a metal wire (18) of 0.5 millimeter in diameter, perpendicular to the wires (14), to the 'other terminal B of the same voltage and / or current supply.
  • the differential phase shift caused by this panel, on the incident microwave, between the two polarity states of terminals A and B of the power supply device controlling the 256 diodes of the panel simultaneously and identically, is 90 degrees.
  • FIG. 5 shows one of the 31 panels of the fourth layer of the active lens; this panel, 1 meter long and 45.3 millimeters high, comprises four sheets of dielectric material (21) (22) (23) (24).
  • the sheets (21) and (24) have a thickness of 3 millimeters and a dielectric constant of 5
  • the sheets (22) and (23) have a thickness of 0.5 millimeters and a dielectric constant of 4.1.
  • These four sheets of dielectric material are placed one behind the other on the path of the incident microwave with the following intervals: 5 millimeters between the sheets (21) and (22), 11 millimeters between (22) and ( 23) and 5 millimeters between (23) and (24).
  • On the outer face of the sheets (22) and (23) are arranged, in steps of 40 millimeters, 24 metal wires (25) of 0.5 millimeter in diameter and of length equal to the height of the panel of 45.3 millimeters.
  • wires (25) are parallel to the electric field vector of the incident microwave wave and each carry four PIN type switching diodes (26) welded in steps of 11.33 millimeters. These four diodes are soldered on each wire (25) so that in the direction of the direct current they are oriented towards the point located in the middle of the wire (25). On each wire (25) there are therefore two diodes in series in one direction and two diodes in series in the other direction. The upper and lower ends of all the wires (25) carrying diodes carrying the panel are connected by two perpendicular conductive wires (27) to terminal C of a voltage supply external to the panel and specific to this panel.
  • FIG. 6 shows the values of the phase shift caused by the introduction of a group of adjoining panels formed by 3 panels (7) and 1 panel (8) on the path of an incident microwave wave in particular for a frequency of 3100 Megahertz, according to all the possible combinations of the states of the diodes of each of the panels.

Landscapes

  • Variable-Direction Aerials And Aerial Arrays (AREA)
  • Aerials With Secondary Devices (AREA)
EP80902117A 1979-11-13 1980-11-07 Dispositif de balayage electronique dans le plan de polarisation Expired EP0039702B1 (fr)

Priority Applications (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
AT80902117T ATE6108T1 (de) 1979-11-13 1980-11-07 Vorrichtung zum elektronischen abtasten in der polarisationsebene.

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
FR7927873A FR2469808A1 (fr) 1979-11-13 1979-11-13 Dispositif de balayage electronique dans le plan de polarisation
FR7927873 1979-11-13

Publications (2)

Publication Number Publication Date
EP0039702A1 EP0039702A1 (fr) 1981-11-18
EP0039702B1 true EP0039702B1 (fr) 1984-02-01

Family

ID=9231575

Family Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
EP80902117A Expired EP0039702B1 (fr) 1979-11-13 1980-11-07 Dispositif de balayage electronique dans le plan de polarisation

Country Status (5)

Country Link
US (1) US4447815A (enExample)
EP (1) EP0039702B1 (enExample)
DE (1) DE3066427D1 (enExample)
FR (1) FR2469808A1 (enExample)
WO (1) WO1981001486A1 (enExample)

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Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
FR2734409B1 (fr) * 1981-04-30 1997-06-27 Radant Etudes Procede et dispositif permettant de produire des dephasages d'un faisceau d'ondes electromagnetiques hyperfrequence
FR2509095B1 (fr) * 1981-07-02 1985-10-04 Radant Etudes Procede electronique et dispositif permettant de dephaser des ondes hyperfrequence se propageant dans un guide
FR2514203B1 (fr) * 1981-10-05 1986-04-25 Radant Etudes Filtre adaptatif spatial hyperfrequence pour antenne a polarisation quelconque et son procede de mise en oeuvre
FR2723210B1 (fr) * 1983-05-06 1997-01-10 Cmh Sarl Procede et dispositif antidetection pour radar
FR2549300B1 (fr) * 1983-07-13 1988-03-25 Tran Dinh Can Dispositif de balayage electromecanique notamment pour antenne radar
FR2714768B1 (fr) * 1984-07-12 1996-07-05 Radant Etudes Dispositif de balayage électronique à lentille active et source illuminatrice intégrée.
FR2590359B1 (fr) * 1985-11-18 1988-02-12 Aerospatiale Systeme pour le guidage automatique d'un missile et missile pourvu d'un tel systeme
FR2738398B1 (fr) * 1988-04-08 1997-11-28 Thomson Csf Radant Panneau dephaseur a diodes et son application a une lentille hyperfrequence et une antenne a balayage electronique
FR2879358A1 (fr) 1988-06-29 2006-06-16 Thales Sa Illuminateur pour antenne a balayage electronique
US4975712A (en) * 1989-01-23 1990-12-04 Trw Inc. Two-dimensional scanning antenna
FR2655482B1 (fr) * 1989-12-05 1992-02-28 Thomson Csf Radant Dispositif d'absorption d'ondes electromagnetiques, spatialement selectif, pour antenne hyperfrequence.
FR2656468B1 (fr) * 1989-12-26 1993-12-24 Thomson Csf Radant Source de rayonnement microonde magique et son application a une antenne a balayage electronique.
FR2747842B1 (fr) * 1990-06-15 1998-09-11 Thomson Csf Radant Lentille hyperfrequence multibande et son application a une antenne a balayage electronique
FR2725077B1 (fr) * 1990-11-06 1997-03-28 Thomson Csf Radant Lentille hyperfrequence bipolarisation et son application a une antenne a balayage electronique
FR2671194B1 (fr) * 1990-12-27 1993-12-24 Thomson Csf Radant Systeme de protection d'un equipement electronique.
FR2671637B1 (fr) * 1991-01-15 1994-09-16 Thomson Csf Procede et dispositif de test de diodes a jonction apparente assemblees en parallele.
GB9313109D0 (en) * 1993-06-25 1994-09-21 Secr Defence Radiation sensor
FR2708808B1 (fr) * 1993-08-06 1995-09-01 Thomson Csf Radant Panneau déphaseur à quatre états de phase et son application à une lentille hyperfréquence et à une antenne à balayage électronique.
US5475349A (en) * 1994-09-29 1995-12-12 Westinghouse Electric Corp. Frequency multipliers using diode arrays
FR2786610B1 (fr) 1997-02-03 2001-04-27 Thomson Csf Reflecteur hyperfrequence actif pour antenne a balayage electronique
SE513226C2 (sv) 1998-12-03 2000-08-07 Ericsson Telefon Ab L M Kontinuerligt apertursvepande antenn
FR2789521A1 (fr) 1999-02-05 2000-08-11 Thomson Csf Antenne a balayage electronique bi-bande, a reflecteur hyperfrequence actif
FR2807213B1 (fr) 2000-03-31 2003-07-25 Thomson Csf Dephaseur hyperfrequence, et antenne a balayage electronique comportant de tels dephaseurs
FR2812457B1 (fr) 2000-07-28 2004-05-28 Thomson Csf Reflecteur hyperfrequence actif a bi-polarisation, notamment pour antenne a balalyage electronique
US6703982B2 (en) * 2001-08-22 2004-03-09 Raytheon Company Conformal two dimensional electronic scan antenna with butler matrix and lens ESA
US6999040B2 (en) * 2003-06-18 2006-02-14 Raytheon Company Transverse device array phase shifter circuit techniques and antennas
US7106265B2 (en) * 2004-12-20 2006-09-12 Raytheon Company Transverse device array radiator ESA
US7463212B1 (en) 2005-09-14 2008-12-09 Radant Technologies, Inc. Lightweight C-sandwich radome fabrication
US7420523B1 (en) 2005-09-14 2008-09-02 Radant Technologies, Inc. B-sandwich radome fabrication
US8362965B2 (en) 2009-01-08 2013-01-29 Thinkom Solutions, Inc. Low cost electronically scanned array antenna
EP2618128A1 (en) * 2012-01-19 2013-07-24 Canon Kabushiki Kaisha Detecting device, detector, and imaging apparatus using the same
US9099782B2 (en) 2012-05-29 2015-08-04 Cpi Radant Technologies Division Inc. Lightweight, multiband, high angle sandwich radome structure for millimeter wave frequencies

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FR2063967B1 (enExample) * 1969-10-15 1973-10-19 Bony Gilbert
FR2395620A1 (fr) * 1977-06-24 1979-01-19 Radant Etudes Perfectionnement au procede de balayage electronique utilisant des panneaux dielectriques dephaseurs
FR2400781A1 (fr) * 1977-06-24 1979-03-16 Radant Etudes Antenne hyperfrequence, plate, non dispersive, a balayage electronique
FR2412960A1 (fr) * 1977-12-20 1979-07-20 Radant Etudes Dephaseur hyperfrequence et son application au balayage electronique

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
FR2469808B1 (enExample) 1983-09-23
FR2469808A1 (fr) 1981-05-22
US4447815A (en) 1984-05-08
DE3066427D1 (en) 1984-03-08
WO1981001486A1 (fr) 1981-05-28
EP0039702A1 (fr) 1981-11-18

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