EP0039290A1 - Thermal stress reducing device at the bottom of a vertical heat exchanger - Google Patents

Thermal stress reducing device at the bottom of a vertical heat exchanger Download PDF

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Publication number
EP0039290A1
EP0039290A1 EP81400654A EP81400654A EP0039290A1 EP 0039290 A1 EP0039290 A1 EP 0039290A1 EP 81400654 A EP81400654 A EP 81400654A EP 81400654 A EP81400654 A EP 81400654A EP 0039290 A1 EP0039290 A1 EP 0039290A1
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EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
alkali metal
liquid alkali
sodium
bundle
primary
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Granted
Application number
EP81400654A
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German (de)
French (fr)
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EP0039290B1 (en
Inventor
Jean Andro
Alain Charbonnel
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Stein Industrie SA
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Stein Industrie SA
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Publication of EP0039290A1 publication Critical patent/EP0039290A1/en
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Publication of EP0039290B1 publication Critical patent/EP0039290B1/en
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    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F28—HEAT EXCHANGE IN GENERAL
    • F28D—HEAT-EXCHANGE APPARATUS, NOT PROVIDED FOR IN ANOTHER SUBCLASS, IN WHICH THE HEAT-EXCHANGE MEDIA DO NOT COME INTO DIRECT CONTACT
    • F28D1/00—Heat-exchange apparatus having stationary conduit assemblies for one heat-exchange medium only, the media being in contact with different sides of the conduit wall, in which the other heat-exchange medium is a large body of fluid, e.g. domestic or motor car radiators
    • F28D1/02—Heat-exchange apparatus having stationary conduit assemblies for one heat-exchange medium only, the media being in contact with different sides of the conduit wall, in which the other heat-exchange medium is a large body of fluid, e.g. domestic or motor car radiators with heat-exchange conduits immersed in the body of fluid
    • F28D1/0206—Heat exchangers immersed in a large body of liquid
    • F28D1/0213—Heat exchangers immersed in a large body of liquid for heating or cooling a liquid in a tank
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F28—HEAT EXCHANGE IN GENERAL
    • F28D—HEAT-EXCHANGE APPARATUS, NOT PROVIDED FOR IN ANOTHER SUBCLASS, IN WHICH THE HEAT-EXCHANGE MEDIA DO NOT COME INTO DIRECT CONTACT
    • F28D21/00—Heat-exchange apparatus not covered by any of the groups F28D1/00 - F28D20/00
    • F28D2021/0019—Other heat exchangers for particular applications; Heat exchange systems not otherwise provided for
    • F28D2021/0054—Other heat exchangers for particular applications; Heat exchange systems not otherwise provided for for nuclear applications
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F28—HEAT EXCHANGE IN GENERAL
    • F28F—DETAILS OF HEAT-EXCHANGE AND HEAT-TRANSFER APPARATUS, OF GENERAL APPLICATION
    • F28F2265/00—Safety or protection arrangements; Arrangements for preventing malfunction
    • F28F2265/26—Safety or protection arrangements; Arrangements for preventing malfunction for allowing differential expansion between elements
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
    • Y10S—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y10S165/00—Heat exchange
    • Y10S165/051—Heat exchange having expansion and contraction relieving or absorbing means

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to a device for reducing thermal stresses in the bottom of a vertical heat exchanger between a primary liquid alkali metal heated in a fast-neutron nuclear reactor and a secondary liquid alkali metal, comprising an axial introduction conduit secondary liquid alkali metal; surrounded by a tubular bundle attached to a tubular plate, the secondary liquid alkali metal flowing upward through the bundle tubes and the primary liquid alkali metal flowing downward around the bundle tubes, and a tube supply chamber of the bundle, arranged below said bundle and said feed tube, the bottom of which is surrounded by an envelope delimiting a gap filled with liquid alkali metal.
  • the present invention therefore aims to provide a device for reducing thermal stresses which is effective even during rapid transient regimes, while remaining simple and compact.
  • the device according to the invention is characterized in that the envelope surrounding the bottom of the tube supply chamber. Of the bundle is provided with at least one feed opening in primary liquid alkali metal taken from the bottom of the tubular bundle , at the periphery of the tube plate and an outlet opening in its bottom.
  • the feed opening is annular and disposed at the bottom of the outlet window through which the primary liquid alkali metal is discharged above the tube plate.
  • the figure shows the lower part of an exchanger between primary sodium from a fast neutron nuclear reactor and secondary sodium intended to transmit heat to a circuit for producing steam of superheated water under pressure.
  • This device provides effective thermal protection in both permanent and rapid transient conditions on the primary and secondary sides, which would not be the case for a static sodium screen.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Thermal Sciences (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Heat-Exchange Devices With Radiators And Conduit Assemblies (AREA)

Abstract

Dispositif de réduction des contraintes thermiques dans le fond d'un échangeur de chaleur vertical entre du sodium liquide primaire réchauffé dans un réacteur nucléaire à neutrons rapides et du sodium liquide secondaire, comportant un conduit axial (3) d'introduction du sodium secondaire, entouré d'un faisceau tubulaire (2) dans les tubes duquel le sodium secondaire circule vers le haut et autour des tubes duquel le sodium primaire circule vers le bas, et une chambre (4) d'alimentation, dont le fond est entouré d'une enveloppe (12) remplie de sodium liquide.Device for reducing thermal stresses in the bottom of a vertical heat exchanger between primary liquid sodium heated in a fast neutron nuclear reactor and secondary liquid sodium, comprising an axial duct (3) for introducing secondary sodium, surrounded a tubular bundle (2) in the tubes from which the secondary sodium flows upwards and around the tubes from which the primary sodium flows downwards, and a supply chamber (4), the bottom of which is surrounded by a envelope (12) filled with liquid sodium.

L'enveloppe est munie d'au moins une ouverture (13) d'alimentation en sodium primaire prélevé au bas du faisceau tubulaire, et d'au moins une ouverture de sortie (15) dans son fond.The envelope is provided with at least one opening (13) for supplying primary sodium taken from the bottom of the tube bundle, and with at least one outlet opening (15) in its bottom.

Application aux centrales électriques à réacteur nucléaire surgénérateur.

Figure imgaf001
Application to power plants with a breeder nuclear reactor.
Figure imgaf001

Description

La présente invention concerne un dispositif de réduction des contraintes thermiques dans le fond d'un échangeur de chaleur vertical entre un métal alcalin liquide primaire réchauffé dans un réacteur nucléaire à neutrons-rapides et un métal alcalin liquide secondaire, comportant un conduit axial d'introduction du métal alcalin liquide secondaire; entouré d'un faisceau tubulaire fixé sur une plaque tubulaire, le métal alcalin liquide secondaire circulant vers le haut dans les tubes du faisceau et le métal alcalin liquide primaire circulant vers le bas autour des tubes du faisceau, et une chambre d'alimentation des tubes du faisceau, disposée au-dessous dudit faisceau et dudit tube d'alimentation, dont le fond est entouré d'une enveloppe délimitant un intervalle rempli de métal alcalin liquide.The present invention relates to a device for reducing thermal stresses in the bottom of a vertical heat exchanger between a primary liquid alkali metal heated in a fast-neutron nuclear reactor and a secondary liquid alkali metal, comprising an axial introduction conduit secondary liquid alkali metal; surrounded by a tubular bundle attached to a tubular plate, the secondary liquid alkali metal flowing upward through the bundle tubes and the primary liquid alkali metal flowing downward around the bundle tubes, and a tube supply chamber of the bundle, arranged below said bundle and said feed tube, the bottom of which is surrounded by an envelope delimiting a gap filled with liquid alkali metal.

Dans des échangeurs de ce genre, il apparaît des différences de température importantes en régime permanent et en régime transitoire, au cours des mises en route ou des changements d'allure, entre le métal alcalin liquide primaire, en général du sodium, sortant du faisceau tubulaire d'échange de chaleur, et le métal alcalin liquide secondaire arrivant à l'entrée des tubes du faisceau tubulaire. Cette différence de température est susceptible de créer des contraintes thermiques importantes dans la paroi du fond inférieur de l'échangeur, pouvant entraîner des déformations ou des ruptures.In exchangers of this kind, significant temperature differences appear in steady and transient conditions, during start-up or changes in speed, between the primary liquid alkali metal, generally sodium, leaving the bundle tubular heat exchange, and the secondary liquid alkali metal arriving at the inlet of the tubes of the tube bundle. This temperature difference is likely to create significant thermal stresses in the wall of the bottom bottom of the exchanger, which can lead to deformations or ruptures.

On a déjà proposé de pallier à ces différences de température en munissant le fond de l'échangeur d'un écran thermique, grâce à une double paroi entourant le fond de l'échangeur et à un écran de métal alcalin liquide enfermé entre le fond et la double paroi. Un tel écran, assez efficace pour réduire les différences de température, et donc les contraintes thermiques, en régime permanent, l'est beaucoup moins lors de régimes transitoires rapides.It has already been proposed to overcome these temperature differences by providing the bottom of the exchanger with a heat shield, by virtue of a double wall surrounding the bottom of the exchanger and a screen of liquid alkali metal enclosed between the bottom and the double wall. Such a screen, effective enough to reduce the temperature differences, and therefore the thermal stresses, in steady state, is much less so in transi fast roofs.

La présente invention a donc pour but de procurer un dispositif de réduction des contraintes thermiques qui soit efficace même lors des régimes transitoires rapides, tout en restant simple et peu encombrant.The present invention therefore aims to provide a device for reducing thermal stresses which is effective even during rapid transient regimes, while remaining simple and compact.

Le dispositif selon l'invention est caractérisé en ce que l'enveloppe entourant le fond de la chambre d'alimentation des tubes.du faisceau est munie d'au moins une ouverture d'alimentation en métal alcalin liquide primaire prélevé au bas du faisceau tubulaire, au niveau de la périphérie de la plaque tubulaire et d'une ouverture de sortie dans son fond.The device according to the invention is characterized in that the envelope surrounding the bottom of the tube supply chamber. Of the bundle is provided with at least one feed opening in primary liquid alkali metal taken from the bottom of the tubular bundle , at the periphery of the tube plate and an outlet opening in its bottom.

De préférence, l'ouverture d'alimentation est annulaire et disposée au bas de la fenêtre de sortie par laquelle le métal alcalin liquide primaire est évacué au-dessus de la plaque tubulaire.Preferably, the feed opening is annular and disposed at the bottom of the outlet window through which the primary liquid alkali metal is discharged above the tube plate.

Il est décrit.ci-après, à titre d'exemple et en référence à la figure du dessin annexé, un dispositif de réduction des contraintes thermiques selon l'invention.It is described below, by way of example and with reference to the figure of the appended drawing, a device for reducing thermal stresses according to the invention.

La figure représente la partie inférieure d'un échangeur entre sodium primaire issu d'un réacteur nucléaire à neutrons rapides et sodium secondaire destiné à transmettre la chaleur à un circuit de production de vapeur d'.eau surchauffée sous pression. 1 The figure shows the lower part of an exchanger between primary sodium from a fast neutron nuclear reactor and secondary sodium intended to transmit heat to a circuit for producing steam of superheated water under pressure. 1

. La virole externe 1, dans laquelle le sodium primaire circule vers le bas, entoure un faisceau tubulaire annulaire 2, dans les tubes duquel le sodium secondaire circule vers le haut. Ce dernier est introduit par le conduit axial 3 à double enveloppe dans la chambre 4 d'alimentation des tubes, au-dessous de la plaque tubulaire 5. Cette chambre 4 comporte un fond 6 en forme de calotte sphérique. Le fond est entouré de deux tôles parallèles 10, 11 délimitant un intervalle 12 formant écran thermique. Cet intervalle est alimenté par une ouverture annulaire 13 en sodium primaire sortant du faisceau tubulaire dans le sens des flèches 14 entre la périphérie de la plaque tubulaire 5 et la tôle 11. L'extrémité supérieure de cette dernière délimite le rebord inférieur des fenêtres de sortie du sodium primaire, ces fenêtres étant formées juste au-dessus de la plaque tubulaire 5 pour évacuer la majeure partie.du fluide primaire comme l'indiquent les flèches sur la figure. Après avoir circulé entre les tôles 10, 11 la partie du sodium primaire prélevée par l'ouverture 13 sort par. l'ouverture axiale 15 formée dans le fond de la tôle 11 pour sortir selon l'axe de l'échangeur comme l'indiquent les flèches 16. Ce circuit de sodium primaire, dont la particularité est de prélever du sodium dont la température reste très proche aussi bien en régime permanent qu'en régime transitoire rapide de la température de sodium froid d'entrée secondaire, permet donc de réduire :

  • - le gradient thermique dans l'épaisseur du fond au niveau de la liaison fond-plaque ;
  • - et l'écart des températures entre le fond et la plaque tubulaire inférieure ;

consécutifs à l'écart de température entre le sodium secondaire froid baignant la partie intérieure du fond puis traversant la plaque, et le sodium primaire plus chaud baignant la partie extérieure du fond.. The outer shell 1, in which the primary sodium flows downward, surrounds an annular tubular bundle 2, in the tubes of which the secondary sodium flows upward. The latter is introduced through the axial conduit 3 with a double envelope into the chamber 4 for supplying the tubes, below the tubular plate 5. This chamber 4 has a bottom 6 in the form of a spherical cap. The bottom is surrounded by two parallel sheets 10, 1 1 delimiting a gap 12 forming a heat shield. This interval is supplied by an annular opening 13 in primary sodium leaving the tube bundle in the direction of the arrows 14 between the periphery of the tube plate 5 and the sheet 11. The upper end of the latter defines the lower edge of the primary sodium outlet windows, these windows being formed just above the tube plate 5 to evacuate most of the primary fluid as indicated by the arrows in the figure. After having circulated between the sheets 10, 11, the part of the primary sodium withdrawn through the opening 13 leaves through. the axial opening 15 formed in the bottom of the sheet 11 to exit along the axis of the exchanger as indicated by the arrows 16. This primary sodium circuit, the particularity of which is to take sodium, the temperature of which remains very close as well in permanent mode as in rapid transient mode of the cold sodium temperature of secondary entry, thus makes it possible to reduce:
  • - the thermal gradient in the thickness of the bottom at the bottom-plate connection;
  • - and the temperature difference between the bottom and the lower tube plate;

consecutive to the temperature difference between the cold secondary sodium bathing the interior part of the bottom then crossing the plate, and the hotter primary sodium bathing the exterior part of the bottom.

Ce'dispositif assure une protection thermique efficace aussi bien en régime permanent qu'en régimes transitoires rapides côté primaire et côté secondaire, ce qui ne serait pas le cas pour un écran de sodium statique.This device provides effective thermal protection in both permanent and rapid transient conditions on the primary and secondary sides, which would not be the case for a static sodium screen.

Bien que le dispositif qui vient d'être décrit ci-dessus en référence à la figure paraisse la forme de réalisation préférable de l'invention, on comprendra que diverses modifications peuvent lui être apportées sans sortir du cadre de l'invention, certains de ses organes pouvant être remplacés par d'autres qui joueraient un rôle technique analogue.Although the device which has just been described above with reference to the figure appears to be the preferable embodiment of the invention, it will be understood that various modifications can be made to it without departing from the scope of the invention, some of its organs which can be replaced by others which would play a similar technical role.

Claims (2)

1. Dispositif de réductions des contraintes thermiques dans le fond d'un échangeur de chaleur vertical entre un métal alcalin liquide primaire réchauffé dans un réacteur nucléaire à neutrons rapides et un métal alcalin liquide secondaire, comportant un conduit axial (3) d'introduction du métal alcalin liquide secondaire, entouré d'un faisceau tubulaire (2) fixé sur une plaque -tubulaire (5), le métal alcalin liquide secondaire circulant vers le haut dans les tubes du faisceau et le métal alcalin liquide primaire circulant vers le bas, autour des tubes du faisceau, et une chambre (4) d'alimentation des tubes du faisceau, disposée au-dessous de la plaque tubulaire et dudit tube d'alimentation, dont le fond (6) est entouré d'une enveloppe (10,11) délimitant un intervalle (12) rempli de métal alcalin liquide, caractérisé en ce que ladite enveloppe est munie d'au moins une ouverture (13) d'alimentation en métal alcalin liquide primaire élevé au bas du faisceau tubulaire, au niveau de la périphérie de la plaque tubulaire, et d'au moins une ouverture de sortie (15) dans son fond.1. Device for reducing thermal stresses in the bottom of a vertical heat exchanger between a primary liquid alkali metal heated in a fast neutron nuclear reactor and a secondary liquid alkali metal, comprising an axial conduit (3) for introducing the secondary liquid alkali metal, surrounded by a tubular bundle (2) fixed on a tubular plate (5), the secondary liquid alkali metal circulating upwards in the bundle tubes and the primary liquid alkali metal circulating downwards, around bundle tubes, and a chamber (4) for feeding the bundle tubes, arranged below the tube plate and said feed tube, the bottom (6) of which is surrounded by an envelope (10,11 ) delimiting an interval (12) filled with liquid alkali metal, characterized in that said envelope is provided with at least one opening (13) for supplying primary liquid alkali metal raised at the bottom of the tubular bundle, at the level of the per ipheria of the tube plate, and at least one outlet opening (15) in its bottom. 2. Dispositif selon la revendication 1, dans lequel le métal alcalin liquide primaire est évacué par une fenêtre de sortie formée au-dessus de la plaque tubulaire, caractérisé en ce que ladite ouverture d'alimentation (13) est annulaire et disposée au bas de la fenêtre de sortie.2. Device according to claim 1, wherein the primary liquid alkali metal is discharged through an outlet window formed above the tube plate, characterized in that said supply opening (13) is annular and disposed at the bottom of the exit window.
EP81400654A 1980-04-29 1981-04-27 Thermal stress reducing device at the bottom of a vertical heat exchanger Expired EP0039290B1 (en)

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
FR8009634A FR2481507A1 (en) 1980-04-29 1980-04-29 DEVICE FOR REDUCING THERMAL CONSTRAINTS IN THE BOTTOM OF A VERTICAL HEAT EXCHANGER
FR8009634 1980-04-29

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Publication Number Publication Date
EP0039290A1 true EP0039290A1 (en) 1981-11-04
EP0039290B1 EP0039290B1 (en) 1983-03-30

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EP81400654A Expired EP0039290B1 (en) 1980-04-29 1981-04-27 Thermal stress reducing device at the bottom of a vertical heat exchanger

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US (1) US4465127A (en)
EP (1) EP0039290B1 (en)
JP (1) JPS56160588A (en)
DE (1) DE3160139D1 (en)
ES (1) ES8202977A1 (en)
FR (1) FR2481507A1 (en)

Cited By (2)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
FR2527323A1 (en) * 1982-05-20 1983-11-25 Italiana Reattori Nucleare Heat exchanger for sodium cooled reactor - comprising tube bundles with inclined vertical end portions
US5950372A (en) * 1997-03-10 1999-09-14 International Design Systems Company Sheltering apparatus and method of sheltering same

Families Citing this family (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US10648390B2 (en) 2016-03-02 2020-05-12 Watlow Electric Manufacturing Company System and method for axial zoning of heating power

Citations (2)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
DE2713668A1 (en) * 1976-03-29 1977-11-03 Hitachi Ltd Tube heat exchanger esp. for sodium-cooled reactor - has thermal insulating plates finally positioned after tube welding
FR2386798A1 (en) * 1977-04-05 1978-11-03 Commissariat Energie Atomique Heat exchanger for high temps. and pressures - incorporates screen forming, with outlet chamber wall, a narrow flow space, limiting wall thermal gradient

Family Cites Families (3)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
BE669258A (en) * 1965-09-06 1966-03-07
US4140176A (en) * 1973-03-26 1979-02-20 The United States Of America As Represented By The United States Department Of Energy Protective tubes for sodium heated water tubes
CH608126A5 (en) * 1976-03-29 1978-12-15 Commissariat Energie Atomique

Patent Citations (2)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
DE2713668A1 (en) * 1976-03-29 1977-11-03 Hitachi Ltd Tube heat exchanger esp. for sodium-cooled reactor - has thermal insulating plates finally positioned after tube welding
FR2386798A1 (en) * 1977-04-05 1978-11-03 Commissariat Energie Atomique Heat exchanger for high temps. and pressures - incorporates screen forming, with outlet chamber wall, a narrow flow space, limiting wall thermal gradient

Cited By (2)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
FR2527323A1 (en) * 1982-05-20 1983-11-25 Italiana Reattori Nucleare Heat exchanger for sodium cooled reactor - comprising tube bundles with inclined vertical end portions
US5950372A (en) * 1997-03-10 1999-09-14 International Design Systems Company Sheltering apparatus and method of sheltering same

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
US4465127A (en) 1984-08-14
FR2481507A1 (en) 1981-10-30
DE3160139D1 (en) 1983-05-05
ES501720A0 (en) 1982-02-16
JPS56160588A (en) 1981-12-10
ES8202977A1 (en) 1982-02-16
EP0039290B1 (en) 1983-03-30

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