EP0035670B1 - Container for radioactive substances - Google Patents

Container for radioactive substances Download PDF

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Publication number
EP0035670B1
EP0035670B1 EP81101103A EP81101103A EP0035670B1 EP 0035670 B1 EP0035670 B1 EP 0035670B1 EP 81101103 A EP81101103 A EP 81101103A EP 81101103 A EP81101103 A EP 81101103A EP 0035670 B1 EP0035670 B1 EP 0035670B1
Authority
EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
container
metal winding
container according
metal
winding
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Expired
Application number
EP81101103A
Other languages
German (de)
French (fr)
Other versions
EP0035670A1 (en
Inventor
Richard Dr. Christ
Hartmut Dipl.-Phys. Kroll
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Transnuklear GmbH
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Transnuklear GmbH
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Transnuklear GmbH filed Critical Transnuklear GmbH
Publication of EP0035670A1 publication Critical patent/EP0035670A1/en
Application granted granted Critical
Publication of EP0035670B1 publication Critical patent/EP0035670B1/en
Expired legal-status Critical Current

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    • G—PHYSICS
    • G21—NUCLEAR PHYSICS; NUCLEAR ENGINEERING
    • G21F—PROTECTION AGAINST X-RADIATION, GAMMA RADIATION, CORPUSCULAR RADIATION OR PARTICLE BOMBARDMENT; TREATING RADIOACTIVELY CONTAMINATED MATERIAL; DECONTAMINATION ARRANGEMENTS THEREFOR
    • G21F5/00—Transportable or portable shielded containers
    • G21F5/005—Containers for solid radioactive wastes, e.g. for ultimate disposal
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G21—NUCLEAR PHYSICS; NUCLEAR ENGINEERING
    • G21F—PROTECTION AGAINST X-RADIATION, GAMMA RADIATION, CORPUSCULAR RADIATION OR PARTICLE BOMBARDMENT; TREATING RADIOACTIVELY CONTAMINATED MATERIAL; DECONTAMINATION ARRANGEMENTS THEREFOR
    • G21F3/00—Shielding characterised by its physical form, e.g. granules, or shape of the material
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G21—NUCLEAR PHYSICS; NUCLEAR ENGINEERING
    • G21F—PROTECTION AGAINST X-RADIATION, GAMMA RADIATION, CORPUSCULAR RADIATION OR PARTICLE BOMBARDMENT; TREATING RADIOACTIVELY CONTAMINATED MATERIAL; DECONTAMINATION ARRANGEMENTS THEREFOR
    • G21F5/00—Transportable or portable shielded containers
    • G21F5/06—Details of, or accessories to, the containers
    • G21F5/10—Heat-removal systems, e.g. using circulating fluid or cooling fins

Definitions

  • the invention relates to a container with a variable shield and necessary facilities for the transport and / or storage of radioactive materials, in particular irradiated fuel elements from nuclear tractors.
  • containers are required that safely retain the radioactivity of the goods.
  • the construction of these containers is therefore subject to strict regulations, especially as regards the indestructibility of the container in the event of an accident and the protection of the environment from radioactive rays.
  • the containers for the transport and storage of irradiated fuel assemblies must therefore be of a stable and robust construction and offer protection against radioactive rays.
  • the material for radioactive shielding should be chosen so that the weight of the shield, which accounts for the largest part of the weight of the transport container, is kept as small as possible for economic reasons. It is also important to ensure that the decay heat of the transported or stored fuel elements can be safely dissipated to the outside.
  • the shielding of the containers must retain all of the biologically active radiation, which is preferably done by means of a coating made of uranium, lead or steel, which primarily absorbs the gamma radiation. Added to this is the neutron shielding, which is usually installed between the cooling fins, occasionally also in channels in the main body of the container.
  • a disadvantage of known shielding containers is that the thickness of the shield against the radioactive gamma radiation corresponds to the maximum design case provided for transport or storage.
  • the transports and when used as storage containers, e.g. B. contain spent fuel that has decayed so far in the fuel pool of the nuclear power plant that in these cases the shield is oversized.
  • the shield is oversized.
  • the disadvantage is that although a variance in heat dissipation and possibly neutron shielding is achieved, it is practically not in shielding against gamma radiation.
  • two-part shielding containers consist of a relatively simply designed thin-walled inner container with a barrier function, which is interchangeably located in an outer container with a shielding function and with cooling fins, another outer container designed for this purpose being used in accordance with the radioactive inventory of the inner container.
  • a barrier function which is interchangeably located in an outer container with a shielding function and with cooling fins
  • another outer container designed for this purpose being used in accordance with the radioactive inventory of the inner container.
  • the object was achieved in that the shield is applied in whole or in part as a metal winding on the container.
  • the container according to the invention is shown schematically in exemplary embodiments in Figures I to IV.
  • the container jacket is wrapped with a metal winding 2, which has a gamma shielding function.
  • the metal winding 2 is applied in several layers in some cases.
  • the winding 2 is relatively easy to apply or remove by rotating the container 1.
  • Suitable as winding 2 are metal tapes made of good gamma-absorbing material, in particular steel. It is particularly favorable to use 2 wires or cables for the metal winding.
  • the metal winding 2 can be laid between the cooling fins 9, which may be located on the container 1.
  • the cavities 6 present in the metal winding 2 are advantageously filled with neutron shielding material. Pourable hardening plastics with neutron shielding properties are particularly suitable for this.
  • the container according to the invention enables the gamma radiation shield to be adapted in a surprisingly simple and effective manner to the radiation inventory located therein.

Description

Gegenstand der Erfindung ist ein Behälter mit einer variablen Abschirmung und erforderlichen Einrichtungen für den Transport und/oder die Lagerung radioaktiver Stoffe, insbesondere von bestrahlten Brennelementen aus Kernraktoren. Zum Transport und zur Lagerung bestrahlter bzw. abgebrannter Brennelemente aus Kernreaktoren benötigt man Behälter, die die Radioaktivität des Gutes sicher zurückhalten. Die Konstruktion dieser Behälter unterliegt daher strengen Vorschriften, vor allem was die Unzerstörbarkeit des Behälters bei Unfällen und den Schutz der Umwelt vor radioaktiven Strahlen betrifft. Die Behälter zum Transport und zur Lagerung bestrahlter Brennelemente müssen daher stabil und robust gebaut sein und müssen einen Schutz vor radioaktiven Strahlen bieten. Dabei ist jedoch das Material zur radioaktiven Abschirmung so zu wählen, daß das Gewicht der Abschirmung, das den größten Teil des Gewichts des Transportbehälters ausmacht, aus wirtschaftlichen Gründen möglichst klein gehalten wird. Außerdem ist darauf zu achten, daß die Zerfallwärme der transportierten bzw. gelagerten Brennelemente sicher nach außen abgeleitet werden kann.The invention relates to a container with a variable shield and necessary facilities for the transport and / or storage of radioactive materials, in particular irradiated fuel elements from nuclear tractors. For the transport and storage of irradiated or spent fuel elements from nuclear reactors, containers are required that safely retain the radioactivity of the goods. The construction of these containers is therefore subject to strict regulations, especially as regards the indestructibility of the container in the event of an accident and the protection of the environment from radioactive rays. The containers for the transport and storage of irradiated fuel assemblies must therefore be of a stable and robust construction and offer protection against radioactive rays. However, the material for radioactive shielding should be chosen so that the weight of the shield, which accounts for the largest part of the weight of the transport container, is kept as small as possible for economic reasons. It is also important to ensure that the decay heat of the transported or stored fuel elements can be safely dissipated to the outside.

Die Abschirmung der Behälter muß die gesamte biologisch wirksame Strahlung zurückhalten, was vorzugsweise mittels einer Umhüllung aus Uran, Blei oder Stahl geschieht, die vor allem die Gammastrahlung absorbiert. Hinzu kommt die Neutronenabschirmung, die meist zwischen den Kühlrippen, gelegentlich auch in Kanälen des Behältergrundkörpers eingebracht ist.The shielding of the containers must retain all of the biologically active radiation, which is preferably done by means of a coating made of uranium, lead or steel, which primarily absorbs the gamma radiation. Added to this is the neutron shielding, which is usually installed between the cooling fins, occasionally also in channels in the main body of the container.

Ein Nachteil bekannter Abschirmbehälter besteht darin, daß die Dicke der Abschirmung gegen die radioaktive Gamma-Strahlung dem maximal zum Transport bzw. zur Lagerung vorgesehenen Auslegungsfall entspricht. Bei einem Großteil der Transporte und beim Einsatz als Lagerbehälter sind z. B. jedoch abgebrannte Brennelemente enthalten, die im Brennelementlagerbecken des Kernkraftwerkes schon so weit abgeklungen sind, daß in diesen Fällen die Abschirmung überdimensioniert ist. In solchen Fällen ergeben sich also unnötig hohe durch die Gamma-Abschirmung bedingt Einsatzgewichte sowie hohe Herstellungs- und Transportkosten. Es wurde daher schon vorgeschlagen, mit Neutronenabschirmmaterial gefüllte und mit Kühlrippen versehene Hohlkörper auf einem dichten Grundbehälter austauschbar anzubringen. Der Nachteil besteht jedoch darin, daß zwar eine Varianz in der Wärmeabfuhr und gegebenenfalls der Neutronenabschirmung erreicht wird, jedoch praktisch nicht in der Abschirmung gegen Gamma-Strahlung.A disadvantage of known shielding containers is that the thickness of the shield against the radioactive gamma radiation corresponds to the maximum design case provided for transport or storage. For a large part of the transports and when used as storage containers, e.g. B., however, contain spent fuel that has decayed so far in the fuel pool of the nuclear power plant that in these cases the shield is oversized. In such cases, there are unnecessarily high operating weights due to the gamma shielding, as well as high manufacturing and transport costs. It has therefore already been proposed to interchangeably attach hollow bodies filled with neutron shielding material and provided with cooling fins on a sealed basic container. The disadvantage, however, is that although a variance in heat dissipation and possibly neutron shielding is achieved, it is practically not in shielding against gamma radiation.

Weiterhin sind auch zweiteilige Abschirmbehälter bekannt, die aus einem relativ einfach gestalteten dünnwandigen Innenbehälter mit Barrierenfunktion bestehen, der sich auswechselbar in einem Außenbehälter mit Abschirmfunktion und mit Kühlrippen befindet, wobei entsprechend dem radioaktiven Inventar des Innenbehälters ein anderer jeweils dafür ausgelegter Außenbehälter verwendet wird. Nachteilig sind jedoch die sich aus der Umladung ergebenden erheblichen Schwierigkeiten, sowie die hohen Kosten der zahlreichen bereitzustellenden schweren und aufwendigen Außenbehälter.Furthermore, two-part shielding containers are also known, which consist of a relatively simply designed thin-walled inner container with a barrier function, which is interchangeably located in an outer container with a shielding function and with cooling fins, another outer container designed for this purpose being used in accordance with the radioactive inventory of the inner container. However, the considerable difficulties resulting from the transhipment and the high costs of the numerous heavy and complex outer containers to be provided are disadvantageous.

Es war daher Aufgabe der vorliegenden Erfindung, einen Behälter mit einer variablen Abschirmung und erforderlichen Einrichtungen für den Transport und/oder die Lagerung radioaktiver Stoffe, insbesondere von bestrahlten Brennelementen aus Kernreaktoren, zu schaffen, der auf einfache Weise eine Varianz der Abschirmung, vorzugsweise von Gamma- Strahlung, ermöglicht.It was therefore an object of the present invention to provide a container with a variable shield and the necessary facilities for the transport and / or storage of radioactive materials, in particular irradiated fuel elements from nuclear reactors, which has a simple way of providing a variant of the shield, preferably gamma - radiation.

Die Aufgabe wurde erfindungsgemäß dadurch gelöst, daß die Abschirmung ganz oder teilweise als Metallwicklung auf dem Behälter aufgebracht ist.The object was achieved in that the shield is applied in whole or in part as a metal winding on the container.

Der erfindungsgemäße Behälter ist in beispielhaften Ausführungsformen in den Abbildungen I bis IV schematisch dargestellt.The container according to the invention is shown schematically in exemplary embodiments in Figures I to IV.

Der Behälter 1, mit einem Abschirmdeckel 3 und einem Außendeckel 4 versehen, stellt die dichte Umschließung für das in ihm befindliche radioaktive Material dar. Der Behältermantel ist umwickelt mit einer Metallwicklung 2, die Gamma-Abschirmungsfunktion hat. Zur Anpassung an die radioaktiven Inhalte ist die Metallwicklung 2 fallweise mehrlagig aufgebracht. Die Wicklung 2 ist relativ einfach durch Rotation des Behälters 1 aufzubringen bzw. zu entfernen. Geeignet als Wicklung 2 sind Metallbänder aus gut Gamma-absorbierendem Material, insbesondere aus Stahl. Besonders günstig ist es, für die Metallwicklung 2 Draht bzw. Kabel zu verwenden. Fallweise kann die Metallwicklung 2 zwischen den Kühlrippen 9, die sich gegebenenfalls am Behälter 1 befinden, verlegt werden. Es ist jedoch besonders vorteilhaft, lose Kühlrippen, vorzugsweise aus abgewinkelten Blechen 9 bestehend, durch teilweises Umwickeln mit der Metallwicklung 2 zu befestigten. Es hat sich als besonders günstig erwiesen, die Metallwicklung 2 seitlich durch auf dem Behälter 1 befestigte Bleche 5 zu begrenzen. In speziellen Fällen ist es auch günstig, die Bleche 5, abgewickelt, nach dem Buchstützenprinzip durch Belastung mit der Metallwicklung 2 lösbar zu fixieren.The container 1, provided with a shielding cover 3 and an outer cover 4, represents the tight enclosure for the radioactive material contained therein. The container jacket is wrapped with a metal winding 2, which has a gamma shielding function. In order to adapt to the radioactive contents, the metal winding 2 is applied in several layers in some cases. The winding 2 is relatively easy to apply or remove by rotating the container 1. Suitable as winding 2 are metal tapes made of good gamma-absorbing material, in particular steel. It is particularly favorable to use 2 wires or cables for the metal winding. In some cases, the metal winding 2 can be laid between the cooling fins 9, which may be located on the container 1. However, it is particularly advantageous to attach loose cooling fins, preferably consisting of angled sheets 9, by partially wrapping them with the metal winding 2. It has proven to be particularly advantageous to limit the metal winding 2 laterally by means of sheets 5 fastened to the container 1. In special cases, it is also advantageous for the sheets 5, unwound, to be detachably fixed according to the bookend principle by loading with the metal winding 2.

Vorteilhafterweise werden die in der Metallwicklung 2 vorhandenen Hohlräume 6 mit Neutronenabschirmmaterial gefüllt. Dafür kommen vor allem gießfähige aushärtende Kunststoffe mit Neutronenabschirmungseigenschaften in Frage. In einer besonders vorteilhaften Variante werden Lagen 7 aus Neutronenabschirmmaterial, z. B. Folien oder Matten, in die Metallwicklung 2 mit eingewickelt. Die Enden der Metallwicklung 2 können durch Klemmen, Schrauben oder sonstige Methoden entweder am Behälter 1, an seinen Zusatzeinrichtungen oder durch Befestigung an der Wicklung selbst fixiert sein.The cavities 6 present in the metal winding 2 are advantageously filled with neutron shielding material. Pourable hardening plastics with neutron shielding properties are particularly suitable for this. In a particularly advantageous variant, layers 7 made of neutron shielding material, e.g. B. foils or mats, wrapped in the metal winding 2. The ends the metal winding 2 can be fixed by clamping, screwing or other methods either on the container 1, on its additional devices or by fastening to the winding itself.

Der erfindungsgemäße Behälter ermöglicht auf überraschend einfache und wirksame Weise die Anpassung der Gammastrahlen-Abschirmung an das jeweils in ihm befindliche Strahlungsinventar.The container according to the invention enables the gamma radiation shield to be adapted in a surprisingly simple and effective manner to the radiation inventory located therein.

Claims (6)

1. A container having a variable screen and necessary devices for the transport and/or the storage of radioactive materials, in particular irradiated fuel elements of nuclear reactors, characterised in that the screen is partly or completely applied as a metal winding (2) on the container (1).
2. A container according to claim 1, characterised in that the metal winding (2) comprises wire.
3. A container according to claims 1 and 2, characterised in that colling ribs (9) are partly or completely embedded in the metal winding (2).
4. A container according to claims 1 to 3, characterised in that the metal winding (2) is delimited by sheets (5).
5. A container according to claims 1 to 4, characterised in that the cavities (6) of the metal winding (2) are filled with neutron screening material.
6. A container according to claim 5, characterised in that the neutron screening material between the metal windings (2) comprises mats or films (7).
EP81101103A 1980-03-08 1981-02-17 Container for radioactive substances Expired EP0035670B1 (en)

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
DE3008992A DE3008992C2 (en) 1980-03-08 1980-03-08 Containers for the transport and / or storage of radioactive substances
DE3008992 1980-03-08

Publications (2)

Publication Number Publication Date
EP0035670A1 EP0035670A1 (en) 1981-09-16
EP0035670B1 true EP0035670B1 (en) 1984-03-14

Family

ID=6096651

Family Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
EP81101103A Expired EP0035670B1 (en) 1980-03-08 1981-02-17 Container for radioactive substances

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US (1) US4451739A (en)
EP (1) EP0035670B1 (en)
DE (1) DE3008992C2 (en)
ES (1) ES500048A0 (en)

Families Citing this family (7)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
GB2176925A (en) * 1985-06-19 1987-01-07 Us Energy Waste disposal package
DE3527319A1 (en) * 1985-07-31 1987-02-12 Siempelkamp Gmbh & Co USE OF RADIOACTIVE RESIDUES AS A BUILDING MATERIAL
WO1989002153A1 (en) * 1987-09-02 1989-03-09 Chem-Nuclear Systems, Inc. Ductile iron cask with encapsulated uranium, tungsten or other dense metal shielding
US4914306A (en) * 1988-08-11 1990-04-03 Dufrane Kenneth H Versatile composite radiation shield
US5545796A (en) * 1994-02-25 1996-08-13 Scientific Ecology Group Article made out of radioactive or hazardous waste and a method of making the same
US5621188A (en) * 1994-05-06 1997-04-15 Lee; Sang C. Air permeable electromagnetic shielding medium
DE102014109778A1 (en) * 2014-07-11 2016-01-14 Nuclear Cargo + Service Gmbh Shielding container for the transport and / or storage of radioactive materials

Citations (3)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
DE1764323A1 (en) * 1967-05-19 1971-07-01 Euratom Thermal barrier of a radiation capsule
US3670395A (en) * 1970-09-18 1972-06-20 Tokyo Shibaura Electric Co Method of making a honeycomb block collimator
US3780306A (en) * 1971-05-27 1973-12-18 Nat Lead Co Radioactive shipping container with neutron and gamma absorbers

Family Cites Families (7)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US29876A (en) * 1860-09-04 Improvement in cultivators
US2935616A (en) * 1955-02-14 1960-05-03 Farrel Birmingham Co Inc Radiation shielding container
US3016463A (en) * 1958-04-28 1962-01-09 Smith Corp A O Multi-layer vessel having a neutron absorbing layer
US3252692A (en) * 1964-03-18 1966-05-24 Gen Electric Woven heat shields
DE1514623B2 (en) * 1965-11-22 1971-01-07 Siemens AG, 1000 Berlin u. 8000 München Transport container for spent fuel elements from nuclear reactors
GB1266684A (en) * 1968-07-08 1972-03-15
DE7911030U1 (en) * 1979-04-14 1979-08-23 Transnuklear Gmbh, 6450 Hanau SHIELD CONTAINER FOR THE TRANSPORT AND / OR STORAGE OF BURNED FUEL ELEMENTS

Patent Citations (3)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
DE1764323A1 (en) * 1967-05-19 1971-07-01 Euratom Thermal barrier of a radiation capsule
US3670395A (en) * 1970-09-18 1972-06-20 Tokyo Shibaura Electric Co Method of making a honeycomb block collimator
US3780306A (en) * 1971-05-27 1973-12-18 Nat Lead Co Radioactive shipping container with neutron and gamma absorbers

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
ES8303792A1 (en) 1983-02-01
ES500048A0 (en) 1983-02-01
DE3008992C2 (en) 1984-02-02
US4451739A (en) 1984-05-29
EP0035670A1 (en) 1981-09-16
DE3008992A1 (en) 1981-09-17

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