EP0035659B1 - Stromkreis mit einer Vielzahl von elektrolytischen monopolaren Filterpresszellen - Google Patents

Stromkreis mit einer Vielzahl von elektrolytischen monopolaren Filterpresszellen Download PDF

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Publication number
EP0035659B1
EP0035659B1 EP81100967A EP81100967A EP0035659B1 EP 0035659 B1 EP0035659 B1 EP 0035659B1 EP 81100967 A EP81100967 A EP 81100967A EP 81100967 A EP81100967 A EP 81100967A EP 0035659 B1 EP0035659 B1 EP 0035659B1
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Prior art keywords
anode
cathode
frames
pack
circuit
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Expired
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EP81100967A
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English (en)
French (fr)
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EP0035659A1 (de
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Morton Sumner Kircher
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Olin Corp
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Olin Corp
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    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C25—ELECTROLYTIC OR ELECTROPHORETIC PROCESSES; APPARATUS THEREFOR
    • C25B—ELECTROLYTIC OR ELECTROPHORETIC PROCESSES FOR THE PRODUCTION OF COMPOUNDS OR NON-METALS; APPARATUS THEREFOR
    • C25B9/00—Cells or assemblies of cells; Constructional parts of cells; Assemblies of constructional parts, e.g. electrode-diaphragm assemblies; Process-related cell features
    • C25B9/70—Assemblies comprising two or more cells
    • C25B9/73—Assemblies comprising two or more cells of the filter-press type

Definitions

  • the invention relates to a circuit comprised of a plurality of monopolar filter press type electrolytic cells.
  • chloralkali cells are of the deposited asbestos diaphragm type or the flowing mercury cathode type.
  • membrane cells ion exchange membranes
  • Bipolar filter press cells Under the trademark Flemion tm are available principally in sheet form, the most generally used of the membrane cells are of the "filter press" type. In the filter press type of cell, membranes are clamped between the flanges of filter press frames. Filter press cells are usually of the bipolar type. Bipolar filter press cells have been found to have several disadvantages. Bipolar filter press cells generally present the problem of making corrosion-free connections from anodes to cathodes through the separating plate. Bipolar filter press cells also have problems with preventing electrical leakage from one cell to another through inlet and outlet streams. Furthermore, polar cell circuits designed for permissible safe voltages of about 400 volts are small in production capacity and are not economical for large commercial plants. The failure of one cell in a bank of bipolar filter press cells in usual practice requires shutting down the entire filter press bank.
  • Filter press cells of monopolar design are not well known, probably because of the substantial practical problem of making electrical connections between the unit frames in the filter press and between one cell and the next. Tieing all of the anodes together with a single electrical bus and tieing all of the cathodes together with a single electrical bus interferes with drawing the frames together to form the seal between frames and membranes. On the other hand, use of flexible cables from cell to cell provides no way of removing one cell at a time from the circuit without interrupting the current on the entire circuit.
  • Pohto et al discloses a cell which, like bipolarfilter press cells has the electrodes and end plates oriented perpendicular (see FIG. 8 of Pohto, et al) to the overall path of current flow through the cell.
  • Pohto et al discloses a central electrode assembly sandwiched between two end electrode assemblies, with membranes in between, to form a closed cell.
  • a plurality of cehtral electrode assemblies apparently may also be sandwiched in a similar manner.
  • Pohto et al discloses connecting the cells to bus bars in a system which would only be suitable economically on a small scale. Specifically, electrode rods extend from the cell tops. This includes rods of both polarities. If one tries to design such a bus system for a cell having a total current capacity of approximately 150,000 amperes which is a typical commerical cell current, the bus system will be found to be very large, cumbersome, and expensive.
  • a circuit comprised of a plurality of monopolar filter press type electrolytic cells, each cell connected to adjacently positioned electrolytic cells in an electrical series circuit having an overall flow path direction therethrough, each cell having a plurality of vertical, hollow, foraminous, planar anode frames and cathode frames lying in generally parallel planes alternately interleaved and pressed together in a pack, cation exchange membrane sheets and sealing means arranged between each opposite pair of frames; anode terminals and cathode terminals extending outwardly in said direction from the opposite sides of the pressed pack; intercell connecting means interconnecting the anode terminals and the cathode terminals to the adjacently positioned electrolytic cells and connectable and disconnectable to bypassing conductor arms to selectively bypass a cell; anode current collectors adjacent one side of the pressed pack and oriented transversely to said direction, interconnected between the anode conductor rods of the anode frames and one of the ano
  • a circuit according to the invention provides several major advantages over existing circuits. Since the number of units in the pack are limited to 50 or less, problems with leakage or problems with deformation of connecting bus due to temperature changes which are serious with conventional filter press cells are virtually eliminated. Another advantage is that, in case of failure of a membrane, only a single cell including about 20 membranes can readily be removed for dismantling, repair and reassembly. This is more economical than either taking out an entire filter press assembly on the one hand or providing an expensive arrangement for replacing individual membranes on the other hand.
  • FIGURE 1 depicts a conventional filter press cell circuit which includes four filter press banks 120 connected in series with four electrical shut-off switches 121 and in parallel with a rectifier 122.
  • Rectifier 122 is connected in conventional manner with a source 123 of alternating current of sufficient capacity to provide the desired current density through the cells of filter press banks 120.
  • the electrode frames are oriented perpendicular to the overall path of current flow through the cell banks. If one of the electrode frames or one of the membranes between the electrode frames is damaged and must be replaced, one switch 121 is opened to remove the particular bank 120 in which the damaged membrane or frame is located from the electrical circuit. This obviously shuts down one entire bank of frames so that no production is obtained from the disconnected cell bank 120 during the time the switch 121 associated with the cell bank 120 is open.
  • the electrical circuit 10 shown in FIGURE 2 comprises a DC power source 11 and electrical paths 12, 13, and 14.
  • Electrical paths 12 and 14 each include four electrical cells 16a, 16b, 16c, and 16d, 16e, 16f, 16g, and 16h, respectively.
  • DC power source 11 would typically include a source 18 of alternating current and a rectifier 20.
  • Each of the cells 16a-h is comprised of a pack 22 of electrode frames 24. Frames 24 are hollow, foraminous, planar and are oriented parallel to the overall direction of current flow through circuit 10.
  • cells 16a-d are oriented with their respective frames parallel to path 12 while cells 16e-h are oriented with their respective frames parallel to path 14.
  • this unconventional orientation of frames 24 provides a major technical advantage to circuit 10 in that the amount of conductor material required for circuit 10 is greatly reduced by such orientation.
  • FIGURE 3 is a front elevational view of cells 16a and 16b of circuit 10 of FIGURE 2 taken along line 3-3. This view shows the anode terminals 40, 42 of cell 16a on the right and cathode terminals 32, 34 of ceil 16b on the left.
  • FIGURE 4 is also a view of cell 16a, but instead taken along line 4-4 of FIGURE 3 so as to show the anode side or end of cell 16a. Therefore, FIGURES 3 and 4 should be viewed together and the reference numbers in both FIGURE 3 and FIGURE 4 as well as FIGURES 2, 5, and 6 all refer to the same parts in all FIGURES.
  • Cells 16a and 16b each comprise a front end plate 26, a rear end plate 28, a plurality of interleaved anode frames 25, and cathode frames 27, a plurality of tie bolts 30, an upper anode terminal 40, a lower anode terminal 42, an upper anode collector 41, a lower anode collector 43, an upper cathode terminal 32, a lower cathode terminal 34, an upper cathode collector 36, lower cathode collector 38, and a material supply and withdrawal system 44.
  • System 44 in turn, comprises a fresh brine supply conduit 46, spent brine withdrawal conduit 48, a chlorine outlet pipe 50, anolyte disengager 52, a water supply line 54, a caustic withdrawal line 56, a hydrogen outlet line 58, and a catholyte disengager 60.
  • Chlorine outlet line 50 and hydrogen outlet line 58 are connected, respectively,to chlorine line 62 and hydrogen line 64 which, in turn, lead to chlorine and hydrogen collection systems (not shown).
  • Cells 16a and 16b are supported on support legs 68 and are connected to one another by an intercell connector 66. Cells 16a and 16b each are provided with a catholyte drain/inlet line 72 and an anolyte drain/ inlet line 70.
  • Lines 70 and 72 can be valved drain lines connected to each frame 24 in order to allow catholyte and anolyte to be drained from anodes, and cathodes, respectively.
  • lines 70 and 72 can also be connected to disengager 52 and 60, respectively, in order to provide the recirculation path for disengaged anolyte and catholyte liquid.
  • lines 70-72 are connected in that manner to disengagers 52 and 60.
  • FIGURE 5 shows the preferred structural configuration of cathode frames 27.
  • Each cathode 27 comprises top channel 74 and anode side channel 76, a cathode side channel 78 and a bottom channel 76, a cathode side channel 78 and a bottom channel 80 as well as a rear mesh surface 82 and a front mesh surface 84.
  • the height of each frame 27 is at least half and preferably at least twice the thickness the pack 22.
  • channels 76 and 78 are at least half preferably twice as long the distance between the end plates 26 and 28.
  • FIGURES 7 and 8 best illustrate the height and thickness dimensions with h indicating the height dimension and t indicating the thickness dimension for the cell.
  • a plurality of vertically spaced conductor rods 86 pass through and are supported by cathode side channel 78.
  • Rods 86 extend from collector plates 36, 38 substantially horizontally across the width of frame 27 and are slightly inclined at the end furthest from collector 36, 38 in order to direct hydrogen gas evolved by frame 27 towards an "upcomer" 90 leading to disengager 60 and to provide partial disengagement within the confines of frame 27, if desired.
  • Rods 86 could also be horizontal, if desired, and could have the configuration described in U.S. Patent Nos. 3,932,261, and 4,008,143 commonly assigned or the inclination disclosed in U.S. Patent No. 3,963,596, also commonly assigned.
  • Other substantially horizontal conductor rods configurations which encourage desirable gas flow patterns could also be utilized.
  • Each cathode frame 27 also includes eyes 88 or some other alternative guide in order to allow frames 27 to be properly aligned with frames 25 and end plates 26 and 28 during assembly of the cells 16a-h.
  • Top channel 74 is preferably of an inverted U-shape in order to better collect generated gases and direct the collected gases to upcomer 90.
  • Upcomer 90 connects top channel 74 with disengager 60.
  • the fluid flowing into and through upcomer 90 likely to be a "froth" or "foam” rather than a fully separated gas.
  • top channel 74 may provide sufficient space to complete the disengagement of catholyte liquids from gases.
  • Disengager 60 is also fluidly connected to a downcomer 92 as previously noted. Downcomer 92 is preferably in fluid communication with catholyte drain inlet 72 or bottom channel 80 so that the disengaged liquid ,atholyte can be recirculated, if desired, to the bottom of each cathode frame 27.
  • FIGURE 5 also shows, in cut away, the configuration of anode frames 25 (see FIGURE 4).
  • Anode frames 25 are generally similar in construction to cathode frames 27 and comprise top and bottom and two side channels. As with frames 27, frames 25 have a front mesh surface 96 and a rear mesh surface 98 which will electrically connect to anode terminals 40, 42 by anode conductor rods 96 and anode collectors 41, 43.
  • Anode conductor rods 96 are inclined in similar fashion to cathode conductor rods 86. However, as with rods 86, rods 96 could be horizontal or offset, or both, if desired.
  • An anolyte disengager 52 is connected to each anode frame 25 in similar fashion to the connection of disengager 60 to cathode frames 27. Therefore, a downcomer 112 and an upcomer 110 are provided to conduct fluids from and to disengager 52, respectively. Downcomer 112 is connected to anolyte drain/ inlet line 70 in order to allow recirculation of anolyte within anode frames 25. Cathode surfaces 96, 98 and anode surfaces 82 and 84 are separated by a membrane 100, and a cathode spacer 104.
  • an anode gasket 106 is pressed between membrane 100 and the channels of anode 25 while a cathode gasket is pressed between membrane 100 and channels 74, 76, 78, and 80 of cathode frame 27.
  • bolts 30 see FIGURE 4
  • gaskets 106 and 108 are pressed against the membranes and channels and the pack 22 (see FIGURE 2) is thereby sealed against fluid leakage.
  • FIGURE 6 shows a cathode frame 27 which is identical to cathode frame 27 as seen in FIGURE 5 except that in FIGURE 6 a vertical cathode collector plate 114 and a vertical cathode terminal 116 are substituted for collectors 36 and 38 and terminals 32 and 34 and vertical anode collector 118 and vertical anode terminal 119 is substituted for collectors 41, 43 and terminals 40, 42.
  • the choice between vertical and horizontal terminals and collectors will depend upon the particular method and apparatus disconnecting the cells 16a-h, which is desired.
  • the electrode frames are shown to be of picture-frame type configuration with four peripheral channels and two parallel, planar, mesh surfaces attached to the front and back of the frame.
  • the channels could be replaced by tubes or bars.
  • Single wall construction is preferred for the top channel in order to allow the top channel to serve as a gas collector.
  • this single wall top channel is reinforced at its open bottom to prevent bending, buckling, or collapse.
  • the remaining channels could be of any suitable configuration which would allow the frames to be pressed together against a gasket in order to achieve a fluid-type cell.
  • the mesh is shown in FIGURE 5 .to be welded to the inside of the peripheral channels of the frame but could be welded to the front and back outside surfaces if the configuration of such outside surfaces did not interfere with gasket sealing when the mesh surfaces were on the outside rather than inside.
  • the cells 16a-h could be disconnected by the type of procedure disclosed in US-A-4227987 which discloses use of a remotely operated jumper switch, bolt rotator, and hydraulic jack together with a slide-back type intercell connector in order to allow the cells to be positioned very close together and yet be. safely and rapidly disconnected.
  • a pair of conductor arms are closed together against both the cathode terminals 32, 34 of the cell preceding the cell to be disconnected, and a separate pair of conductor arms are similarly closed or clamped against anode terminals 40, 42 of the cell following the cell to be disconnected.
  • the remotely operated bolt rotator is then positioned in an operative position adjacent bolts fastening the intercell connectors 66 between the cell to be disconnected and the preceding and following cells.
  • the bolt rotator is then remotely actuated to loosen those bolts and a hydraulic jack is then inserted between the intercell connector and one of the cells and is remotely actuated to force the intercell connector out of engagement with the cell to be disconnected.
  • a new cell is then substituted for the cell which has thus been disconnected and this new cell is reconnected by sliding the intercell connectors back into engagement with the new cell through use of the remotely operated jack and then tightening the engagement connector by use of the remotely operated bolt rotator. Following that operation, the remotely operated jumper switch can be disconnected.
  • the cathode frames are preferably built of nickel and the mesh surfaces on the cathode are also preferably made of nickel.
  • the mesh surfaces are coated with a catalytic coating, such as Raney nickel, to reduce their hydrogen overvoltage to a very low level.
  • a catalytic coating such as Raney nickel
  • One particularly desirable method is to apply a very thin coating through the use of a cathode sputtering procedure.
  • the anodes are preferably dimensionally stable metal anodes made of titanium and the anode mesh surfaces are preferably titanium coated with a catalytic coating such as a mixed crystal of Ti02-Ru02. Procedures for applying such mixed crystal coatings are also well known.
  • the spacers between the membrane and the mesh surfaces are preferably electrolyte-resistant netting having a spacing which is preferably about 1/4" (6.35 mm) in both the vertical and horizontal directions so as to effectively reduce the interelectrode gap to the thickness of the membrane plus two thicknesses of gasketing.
  • the netting also restricts the vertical flow of gases evolved by the mesh surfaces and drives the evolved gases through the mesh and into the center of the hollow electrodes. That is, since the netting has horizontal as well as vertical threads, the vertical flow of gases is blocked by the horizontal threads and directed through the mesh surfaces of the electrode frames into the interior space of the electrode frames, i.e. the space within each frame between the mesh surfaces of that frame.
  • the effective cell size in the interlectrode gap is reduced to about 1/4" x 1/4" (6.35 mm x 6.35 mm).
  • This reduced effective cell size allows the cell to be much higher than it could otherwise be because gases are not accumulated in the interelectrode gap but rather are forced through the electrode surfaces to the interior of the electrode.
  • the use of horizontal conductor rods further assist in this gas flow pattern by creating limited restrictions within the space between mesh surfaces of each electrode so as to generate a venturi or low pressure effect which pulls the gases from the interelectrode gap through the mesh surfaces and into the interior of the electrodes.
  • the horizontal conductor rods can further assist gas flow by altering the gas flow direction from vertical to substantially horizontal along the outside of the conductor rods, if desired.
  • the conductor rods can thereby serve as gas directing channels which forces the gas to flow to one side of the frame so as to provide an efficient upward flow of gases within the frames.

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  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
  • Electrochemistry (AREA)
  • Materials Engineering (AREA)
  • Metallurgy (AREA)
  • Organic Chemistry (AREA)
  • Electrolytic Production Of Non-Metals, Compounds, Apparatuses Therefor (AREA)

Claims (9)

1. Stromkreis mit einer Vielzahl von elektrolytischen monopolaren Filterpreßzellen, wobei jede Zelle mit den benachbart angeordneten elektrolytischen Zellen in einen elektrischen Reihenstromkreis geschaltet ist, der eine Gesamtstromfließwegrichtung durch ihn hindurch hat, jede Zelle eine Mehrzahl von senkrechten, hohlen mit Öffnungen versehenen, planaren Anodenrahmen und Kathodenrahmen aufweist, die in allgemein parallelen Ebenen abwechselnd ineinander verschachtelt liegen und in einem Pack zusammengepreßt sind, Kationenaustauschmembranplatten und Dichtungsmittel zwischen jedem gegenüberliegenden Paar von Rahmen angeordnet sind; Anodenanschlüsse und Kathodenanschlüsse sich in der genannten Richtung von den gegenüberliegenden Seiten des zusammengepreßten Packs nach außen erstrecken; Zellenverbindungsmittel die Anodenanschlüsse und die Kathodenanschlüsse mit den benachbart angeordneten elektrolytischen Zellen verbinden und durch umgehende Leiterarme anschließbar und abtrennbar sind, um eine Zelle wahlweise zu umgehen; Anodenstromkollektoren nahe einer Seite des zusammengepreßten Packs und quer zu der genannten Richtung ausgerichtet zwischen den Anodenleiterstangen der Anodenrahmen und einem der Anodenanschlüsse angeschlossen sind; Kathodenstromkollektoren nahe der anderen Seite des zusammengepreßten Packs und quer zu der genannten Richtung ausgerichtet zwischen der Kathodenleiterstangen der Kathodenrahmen und einem der Kathodenanschlüsse angeschlossen sind, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß die Rahmen (25, 27) sich in ihren Ebenen in Richtungen parallel zu der Gesamtstromfließwegrichtung (12, 14) durch den Zellenstromkreis (10) erstrecken, die Stromfließwegrichtung (12, 14) allgemein parallel zu den im wesentlichen horizontalen Leiterstangen (86, 96) verläuft und sich in die Rahmen (25, 27) hinein in der genannten Richtung von einer Seite des zusammengepreßten Packs (22) erstreckt, die Anodenleiterstangen (96) der Anodenrahmen (25) und die Kathodenleiterstangen (86) der Kathodenrahmen (27) sich von gegenüberliegenden Seiten des zusammengepreßten Packs (22) erstrecken; daß die Gesamtzahl der Anoden- und Kathodenrahmen (25, 27) in dem zusammengepreßten Pack (22) im Bereich von fünf bis fünfzig liegt, und daß das Verhältnis der Dicke des Preßpacks (22) zur Höhe der Kathoden- und Anodenrahmen (25, 27) nicht größer als 2:1 ist.
2. Stromkreis nach Anspruch 1, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß das Verhältnis der Dicke des zusammengepreßten Packs (16) zu der Höhe der Kathoden- und Anodenrahmen (25, 27) nicht kleiner als 1: ist.
3. Stromkreis nach Anspruch 1 oder 2, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß die genannten Anoden- und Kathodenanschlüsse (40, 42 bzw. 32, 34) sich von der genannten ersten Seite und zweiten Seite des Packs (16) in einer waagerechten Ebene erstrecken.
4. Stromkreis nach Anspruch 3, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß wenigstens zwei getrennte senkrecht ausgerichtete waagerechte Kathoden-und Anodenanschlüsse (32, 34 bzw. 40, 42) sich von der ersten und der zweiten Seite des Packs (16) erstrecken.
5. Stromkreis nach irgendeinem der Ansprüche 1 bis 4, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß die genannten Anoden- und Kathodenanschlüsse (40, 42 bzw. 32, 34) rechtwinklig zu dem Anoden- und Kathodenstromkollektor (41, 43 bzw. 36, 38) ausgerichtet sind.
6. Stromkreis nach irgendeinem der Ansprüche 1 bis 5, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß die genannten Anoden- und Kathodenanschlüsse (40, 42 bzw. 32, 34) in einer senkrechten Ebene ausgerichtet sind.
7. Stromkreis nach Anspruch 6, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß wenigstens zwei senkrechte Kathodenanschlüsse und wenigstens zwei senkrechte Anodenanschlüsse vorgesehen sind, die sich jeweils von der ersten bzw. von der zweiten Seite des Packs (16) erstrecken.
8. Stromkreis nach Anspruch 6, dadurch gekennzeichnet daß die Anoden- und Kathodenstromkollektoren (41, 43 bzw. 36, 38) H-förmig sind und in einer senkrechten Ebene quer zu der genannten Richtung ausgerichtet sind.
9. Stromkreis nach Anspruch 8, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß wenigstens zwei senkrechte Anoden- und Kathodenanschlüsse sich von der ersten bzw. der zweiten Seite des Packs (16) erstrecken.
EP81100967A 1980-03-10 1981-02-11 Stromkreis mit einer Vielzahl von elektrolytischen monopolaren Filterpresszellen Expired EP0035659B1 (de)

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US12868480A 1980-03-10 1980-03-10
US128684 1980-03-10

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EP0035659B1 true EP0035659B1 (de) 1985-05-29

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EP (1) EP0035659B1 (de)
JP (1) JPS56142880A (de)
AU (1) AU536012B2 (de)
BR (1) BR8101318A (de)
CA (1) CA1148501A (de)
DE (1) DE3170668D1 (de)
ZA (2) ZA811092B (de)

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Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US4439297A (en) * 1981-10-01 1984-03-27 Olin Corporation Monopolar membrane electrolytic cell
JPH0232375U (de) * 1988-08-23 1990-02-28
US9527155B2 (en) 2013-03-13 2016-12-27 Lincoln Global, Inc. Welding diffuser with debris removal
US9308599B2 (en) 2013-03-15 2016-04-12 Lincoln Global, Inc. Welding gun with debris removal and motor cooling
JP7281786B2 (ja) 2018-02-05 2023-05-26 パナソニックＩｐマネジメント株式会社 溶接用チップ

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Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US3932261A (en) * 1974-06-24 1976-01-13 Olin Corporation Electrode assembly for an electrolytic cell
US4008143A (en) * 1974-06-24 1977-02-15 Olin Corporation Electrode assembly for an electrolytic cell
US4227987A (en) * 1979-11-26 1980-10-14 Olin Corporation Means for connecting and disconnecting cells from circuit
EP0038445A1 (de) * 1980-04-21 1981-10-28 Olin Corporation Verfahren zur Montage und zum Betrieb elektrolytischer Membranzellen
EP0041714A1 (de) * 1980-06-09 1981-12-16 Olin Corporation Elektrode für monopolare Filterpresszelle und monopolare Filterpresszelle

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US3390072A (en) * 1965-05-16 1968-06-25 Diamond Shamrock Corp Diaphragm electrolytic alkali halogen cell
CA908603A (en) * 1970-07-16 1972-08-29 Chemech Engineering Ltd. Inclined bipolar electrolytic cell
CH572102A5 (de) * 1972-04-12 1976-01-30 Solvay
JPS5422521A (en) * 1977-07-20 1979-02-20 Ricoh Watch Time keeper using cell
JPS5546335A (en) * 1978-09-25 1980-04-01 Matsushita Electric Ind Co Ltd Liquid fuel combustion apparatus

Patent Citations (5)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US3932261A (en) * 1974-06-24 1976-01-13 Olin Corporation Electrode assembly for an electrolytic cell
US4008143A (en) * 1974-06-24 1977-02-15 Olin Corporation Electrode assembly for an electrolytic cell
US4227987A (en) * 1979-11-26 1980-10-14 Olin Corporation Means for connecting and disconnecting cells from circuit
EP0038445A1 (de) * 1980-04-21 1981-10-28 Olin Corporation Verfahren zur Montage und zum Betrieb elektrolytischer Membranzellen
EP0041714A1 (de) * 1980-06-09 1981-12-16 Olin Corporation Elektrode für monopolare Filterpresszelle und monopolare Filterpresszelle

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DE3170668D1 (en) 1985-07-04
BR8101318A (pt) 1981-09-15
JPS56142880A (en) 1981-11-07
EP0035659A1 (de) 1981-09-16
AU536012B2 (en) 1984-04-12
ZA811092B (en) 1982-03-31
ZA811527B (en) 1982-03-31
CA1148501A (en) 1983-06-21

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