EP0035445B1 - Dispositif accélérateur de particules chargées fonctionnant en ondes métriques - Google Patents

Dispositif accélérateur de particules chargées fonctionnant en ondes métriques Download PDF

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Publication number
EP0035445B1
EP0035445B1 EP81400295A EP81400295A EP0035445B1 EP 0035445 B1 EP0035445 B1 EP 0035445B1 EP 81400295 A EP81400295 A EP 81400295A EP 81400295 A EP81400295 A EP 81400295A EP 0035445 B1 EP0035445 B1 EP 0035445B1
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EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
grid
triode
anode
cathode
accelerating structure
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Expired
Application number
EP81400295A
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German (de)
English (en)
French (fr)
Other versions
EP0035445A2 (fr
EP0035445A3 (en
Inventor
Hubert Leboutet
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
CGR MEV SA
Original Assignee
CGR MEV SA
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Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by CGR MEV SA filed Critical CGR MEV SA
Publication of EP0035445A2 publication Critical patent/EP0035445A2/fr
Publication of EP0035445A3 publication Critical patent/EP0035445A3/fr
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    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H05—ELECTRIC TECHNIQUES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • H05H—PLASMA TECHNIQUE; PRODUCTION OF ACCELERATED ELECTRICALLY-CHARGED PARTICLES OR OF NEUTRONS; PRODUCTION OR ACCELERATION OF NEUTRAL MOLECULAR OR ATOMIC BEAMS
    • H05H9/00—Linear accelerators
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G21—NUCLEAR PHYSICS; NUCLEAR ENGINEERING
    • G21K—TECHNIQUES FOR HANDLING PARTICLES OR IONISING RADIATION NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; IRRADIATION DEVICES; GAMMA RAY OR X-RAY MICROSCOPES
    • G21K5/00—Irradiation devices
    • G21K5/04—Irradiation devices with beam-forming means

Definitions

  • the irradiation devices used in industry and more particularly those used for the sterilization of food or pharmaceutical products require charged particle beams, electrons for example, having energies of 1 to 10 MeV and average powers of a few tens of kilowatts.
  • the value of 10 MeV is a limit value imposed for the energy of the electrons in order to avoid any risk of creation of radioactive products in the irradiated elements.
  • irradiation devices can use accelerators of the Van de Graff type, or Greinacher column, making it possible to reach significant average powers, but are generally limited to energies of 2 to 3 MeV because of the difficulties of withstand voltage. insulators.
  • an ultra high frequency oscillator operates with a thermionic valve 5 and two circular coaxial resonant cavities 13 , 21.
  • the thermionic valve 5 is a triode provided with a cathode 10, a grid 11 and an anode 12.
  • the anode 12, the grid 11 and one of the circular vavities 13 constitute a first resonant circuit and, the grid 11, the cathode 10 and the other cavity 21 constitute a second resonant circuit.
  • the frequency of the oscillator is adjustable by means of mobile plungers 30, 40.
  • a coupling between the two cavities 13, 21 is obtained by means of two coupling devices 25-26, 27-29; two coupling devices being necessary because of the very wide frequency range, at which this oscillator can operate.
  • the accelerating structures for a linear accelerator generally consist of a succession of accelerating cavities, dimensioned to operate with a well-determined frequency of the electromagnetic wave which is injected; also the possible variations of this frequency are small.
  • a succession of accelerating cavities is described in a French patent published under No. 23 74 815, in the name of the applicant.
  • This French patent relates to a linear accelerator, comprising in particular a succession of accelerating cavities which constitute an accelerating section.
  • This accelerating section is associated with a grouping section, and accelerates electrons thanks to the electromagnetic energy supplied by a generator.
  • Such a linear accelerator of charged particles makes it possible to supply a beam of particles in a wide range of energy and makes it possible to easily modify this energy.
  • the present invention relates to a charged particle accelerator device operating in VHF and can be advantageously used in such irradiation devices.
  • a charged particle accelerator device comprising a source of charged particles, a linear accelerating structure formed of a succession of resonant cavities, an electromagnetic wave generator capable of emitting a signal intended to be injected into one at less of these resonant cavities, means making it possible to apply a pulsed high-voltage to the source of particles and means for scanning the beam of accelerated particles, is characterized in that means for focusing the beam are contained in the accelerating structure , in that the electromagnetic wave generator comprises a thermionic valve provided with a cathode, an anode and at least one grid, in that at least one of the resonant cavities of the accelerating structure is electromagnetically coupled to the gate-anode space of the valve.
  • Fig. 1 shows an embodiment of a linear accelerating structure A according to the invention.
  • This structure A of bi-periodic type, and intended to operate in VHF, comprises a series of accelerating cavities Ci, C 2 , C 3 ... cylindrical, two cavities ac successive celerators C 1 , C 2 or C 2 , C 3 ... being electromagnetically coupled to each other by means of coupling holes t 12 , t 23 ... respectively.
  • the accelerating structure A is produced by means of a succession of cylindrical tubes Ti, T 2 , T 3 ... metallic of area XX, copper for example, placed end to end and having at their ends shoulders 1, 2 and 3, 4 ... for centering allowing easy mounting of the structure A.
  • the shape of the element M is such that it has on its face opposite the plate P 12 , or P 23 ... on which it is fixed, an annular housing L in which is placed a magnetic coil m i or m2 ... for focusing the beam of charged particles.
  • a radial channel (not visible in the figure), formed in the plates P 12 , P 23 , allows the passage of the supply wires of the coils m i , m 2 .
  • element M is fixed to plate P 12 by means of a series of screws v, the head of which is embedded in this plate P 12
  • element N is fixed to plate P 12 , facing opposite the element M, by means of a series of screws V placed obliquely to the plate P 12 .
  • linear accelerating structure A is not limiting.
  • At least one of the accelerating cavities of the accelerating structure is electromagnetically coupled to an electromagnetic wave generator which, in an exemplary embodiment of the accelerating device according to the invention, is a triode socillatrice operating in VHF.
  • Fig. 2 shows an electromagnetic coupling system of this triode G and of the accelerating structure A according to the invention, as shown in FIG. 1.
  • This triode G comprises a cathode 100, a grid 101 and an anode 102.
  • the grid-anode space 101-102 is associated with a coaxial line 103 which is electromagnetically coupled to the accelerating cavity C 1 of the structure accelerator A by means of a coupling loop B 1 which plunges into this cavity C 1 .
  • the cathode-grid space 100-101 is associated with a coaxial line 104 capacitively coupled to the coaxial line 103 by means of a radial plunger D, the depression of which in the coaxial line 104 is adjustable.
  • Movable annular pistons P 103 , P 104 without electrical contact, placed respectively in the coaxial lines 103 and 104 allow the length of these coaxial lines 103 and 104 to be adjusted properly.
  • the triode G oscillates in the z mode, at the resonance frequency f of the cavities C 1 , C 2 ...
  • the coaxial line 104 associated with the cathode-grid space 100-101 is electromagnetically coupled to the cavity C 2 of the accelerating structure A by means of a coupling loop B 2 plunging into this cavity C 2 .
  • a coupling loop B 2 plunging into this cavity C 2 makes it possible to create an alternating voltage of frequency f between the grid 101 and the cathode 100 of the triode G so that this cathode-grid space 100-101 is excited in phase opposition with respect to the grid-anode space 101-102 of triode G.
  • triode G can be replaced by a conventional oscillating tetrode (not shown).
  • the accelerator device according to the invention is intended to operate in long pulses, of the order of a millisecond.
  • This pulse length is essentially imposed by the operating frequency f of the accelerating structure (200 MHz for example), the time of filling in electromagnetic energy of the cavities of the accelerating structure being proportional to ⁇ 3/2 , ⁇ being the length wave corresponding to frequency f.
  • the generator 21 supplying the electromagnet 20 controls the device 24 for triggering the pulses, on the one hand, of the modulator 23 of the triode G, then, on the other hand, of the modulator 22 of the cathode K of the accelerator A.
  • the generator 21 supplies a sinusoidal voltage whose frequency is close to 300 Hz for example.
  • the triggering of the pulses applied respectively to the cathode K of the accelerator A er on the triode G is such that these pulses (of a millisecond for example) pass during the time L1 corresponding to the scanning time of the target Z, the potential V 21 applied to the electromagnet varying during this time dt between the values v M and v m . This is obtained with a trigger frequency equal to a sub-multiple of 300.
  • the repetition frequencies could be, for example, 10, 30 or 50 Hz.
  • Fig. 5 shows the signal a 21 applied to the electromagnet 21, the signal a 23 supplied by the modulator 23 as well as the signal a G applied to the anode 102 of the triode G, and finally the signal a K applied to the cathode K of accelerator A.
  • Such a supply system therefore makes it possible to scan the total width of the target Z by the beam of particles accelerated during the duration ⁇ of the pulse applied to the cathode K of the accelerator A, the recurrence period of these pulses. corresponding to k times the period of the sinusoidal signal a 21 applied to the electromagnet 21, k being an integer equal to or greater than 1.

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  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Plasma & Fusion (AREA)
  • Spectroscopy & Molecular Physics (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • High Energy & Nuclear Physics (AREA)
  • Particle Accelerators (AREA)
EP81400295A 1980-03-04 1981-02-26 Dispositif accélérateur de particules chargées fonctionnant en ondes métriques Expired EP0035445B1 (fr)

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
FR8004835A FR2477827A1 (fr) 1980-03-04 1980-03-04 Dispositif accelerateur de particules chargees fonctionnant en ondes metriques
FR8004835 1980-03-04

Publications (3)

Publication Number Publication Date
EP0035445A2 EP0035445A2 (fr) 1981-09-09
EP0035445A3 EP0035445A3 (en) 1981-10-14
EP0035445B1 true EP0035445B1 (fr) 1984-05-16

Family

ID=9239299

Family Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
EP81400295A Expired EP0035445B1 (fr) 1980-03-04 1981-02-26 Dispositif accélérateur de particules chargées fonctionnant en ondes métriques

Country Status (5)

Country Link
US (1) US4425529A (enrdf_load_stackoverflow)
EP (1) EP0035445B1 (enrdf_load_stackoverflow)
CA (1) CA1165440A (enrdf_load_stackoverflow)
DE (1) DE3163577D1 (enrdf_load_stackoverflow)
FR (1) FR2477827A1 (enrdf_load_stackoverflow)

Families Citing this family (12)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
FR2538206B1 (fr) * 1982-12-21 1985-06-07 Cgr Mev Canon a electrons pour accelerateur lineaire et structure acceleratrice comportant un tel canon
US4639642A (en) * 1984-12-20 1987-01-27 The United States Of America As Represented By The Secretary Of The Army Sphericon
US4906896A (en) * 1988-10-03 1990-03-06 Science Applications International Corporation Disk and washer linac and method of manufacture
US5014014A (en) * 1989-06-06 1991-05-07 Science Applications International Corporation Plane wave transformer linac structure
US5401973A (en) * 1992-12-04 1995-03-28 Atomic Energy Of Canada Limited Industrial material processing electron linear accelerator
US7098615B2 (en) * 2002-05-02 2006-08-29 Linac Systems, Llc Radio frequency focused interdigital linear accelerator
US6777893B1 (en) 2002-05-02 2004-08-17 Linac Systems, Llc Radio frequency focused interdigital linear accelerator
KR100656309B1 (ko) * 2004-11-30 2006-12-11 신영민 밀리미터/서브밀리미터 대역 전자기파 발진 장치
US8258725B2 (en) * 2008-04-03 2012-09-04 Patrick Ferguson Hollow beam electron gun for use in a klystron
US7898193B2 (en) * 2008-06-04 2011-03-01 Far-Tech, Inc. Slot resonance coupled standing wave linear particle accelerator
WO2010036422A2 (en) * 2008-06-10 2010-04-01 The Regents Of The University Of California Plasma driven neutron/gamma generator
US12225656B2 (en) * 2018-12-28 2025-02-11 Shanghai United Imaging Healthcare Co., Ltd. Accelerating apparatus for a radiation device

Citations (4)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
DE1286660B (de) * 1967-02-20 1969-01-09 Lokomotivbau Elektrotech Verfahren und Einrichtung zum Gluehen von Draehten mittels Elektronenstrahlen
FR1594573A (enrdf_load_stackoverflow) * 1967-08-18 1970-06-08
FR2078948A5 (enrdf_load_stackoverflow) * 1970-02-27 1971-11-05 Philips Nv
FR2374815A1 (fr) * 1976-12-14 1978-07-13 Cgr Mev Perfectionnement aux accelerateurs lineaires de particules chargees

Family Cites Families (7)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US2163740A (en) 1935-11-26 1939-06-27 Jr Nathaniel B Wales Phase wave ion gun
US2508573A (en) * 1946-04-30 1950-05-23 Us Sec War Ultra high frequency oscillator circuit
NL279385A (enrdf_load_stackoverflow) 1961-06-09
FR2192435B1 (enrdf_load_stackoverflow) 1972-07-07 1976-01-16 Thomson Csf Fr
US3887832A (en) 1973-06-25 1975-06-03 Aralco Auto-resonant acceleration of ions
US4027193A (en) * 1974-03-04 1977-05-31 Atomic Energy Of Canada Limited Klystron-resonant cavity accelerator system
US4140942A (en) 1977-06-29 1979-02-20 Institut Yadernoi Fiziki Sibirskogo Otdelenia Akademii Nauk Sssr Radio-frequency electron accelerator

Patent Citations (4)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
DE1286660B (de) * 1967-02-20 1969-01-09 Lokomotivbau Elektrotech Verfahren und Einrichtung zum Gluehen von Draehten mittels Elektronenstrahlen
FR1594573A (enrdf_load_stackoverflow) * 1967-08-18 1970-06-08
FR2078948A5 (enrdf_load_stackoverflow) * 1970-02-27 1971-11-05 Philips Nv
FR2374815A1 (fr) * 1976-12-14 1978-07-13 Cgr Mev Perfectionnement aux accelerateurs lineaires de particules chargees

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
FR2477827A1 (fr) 1981-09-11
EP0035445A2 (fr) 1981-09-09
US4425529A (en) 1984-01-10
EP0035445A3 (en) 1981-10-14
DE3163577D1 (en) 1984-06-20
CA1165440A (en) 1984-04-10
FR2477827B1 (enrdf_load_stackoverflow) 1983-09-16

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