EP0034957B1 - Vorrichtung zur automatischen Regulierung der Ausgangsleistung eines Sendermoduls für ein Übertragungssystem mit optischen Fasern - Google Patents

Vorrichtung zur automatischen Regulierung der Ausgangsleistung eines Sendermoduls für ein Übertragungssystem mit optischen Fasern Download PDF

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Publication number
EP0034957B1
EP0034957B1 EP81400111A EP81400111A EP0034957B1 EP 0034957 B1 EP0034957 B1 EP 0034957B1 EP 81400111 A EP81400111 A EP 81400111A EP 81400111 A EP81400111 A EP 81400111A EP 0034957 B1 EP0034957 B1 EP 0034957B1
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Prior art keywords
circuit
output
laser diode
input
current
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Expired
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EP81400111A
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English (en)
French (fr)
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EP0034957A1 (de
Inventor
Jean-Paul Breton
Adalbert Maciaszek
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Lignes Telegraphiques et Telephoniques LTT SA
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Lignes Telegraphiques et Telephoniques LTT SA
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    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01S—DEVICES USING THE PROCESS OF LIGHT AMPLIFICATION BY STIMULATED EMISSION OF RADIATION [LASER] TO AMPLIFY OR GENERATE LIGHT; DEVICES USING STIMULATED EMISSION OF ELECTROMAGNETIC RADIATION IN WAVE RANGES OTHER THAN OPTICAL
    • H01S5/00—Semiconductor lasers
    • H01S5/06—Arrangements for controlling the laser output parameters, e.g. by operating on the active medium
    • H01S5/068—Stabilisation of laser output parameters
    • H01S5/0683—Stabilisation of laser output parameters by monitoring the optical output parameters
    • H01S5/06832—Stabilising during amplitude modulation
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04B—TRANSMISSION
    • H04B10/00—Transmission systems employing electromagnetic waves other than radio-waves, e.g. infrared, visible or ultraviolet light, or employing corpuscular radiation, e.g. quantum communication
    • H04B10/50—Transmitters
    • H04B10/501—Structural aspects
    • H04B10/503—Laser transmitters
    • H04B10/504—Laser transmitters using direct modulation
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04B—TRANSMISSION
    • H04B10/00—Transmission systems employing electromagnetic waves other than radio-waves, e.g. infrared, visible or ultraviolet light, or employing corpuscular radiation, e.g. quantum communication
    • H04B10/50—Transmitters
    • H04B10/564—Power control
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01S—DEVICES USING THE PROCESS OF LIGHT AMPLIFICATION BY STIMULATED EMISSION OF RADIATION [LASER] TO AMPLIFY OR GENERATE LIGHT; DEVICES USING STIMULATED EMISSION OF ELECTROMAGNETIC RADIATION IN WAVE RANGES OTHER THAN OPTICAL
    • H01S5/00—Semiconductor lasers
    • H01S5/06—Arrangements for controlling the laser output parameters, e.g. by operating on the active medium
    • H01S5/068—Stabilisation of laser output parameters
    • H01S5/06804—Stabilisation of laser output parameters by monitoring an external parameter, e.g. temperature

Definitions

  • the present invention relates generally to optical fiber transmission systems and relates more particularly to an automatic device for regulating the output power of the transmitter module for a simplified transmission system for a single fiber link.
  • a fiber optic transmission system consists of a transmitter module, a receiver module and a fiber arranged between these modules.
  • the transmitter module comprises a transmitter base consisting of a laser diode, a control photodiode and a laser-fiber coupling optic inserted in a connector plug for the connection of said base to the fiber optic cable, and a control electronics ensuring inter alia regulation of the optical power emitted.
  • the receiver module includes a detector base consisting of a photodetector, such as an avalanche photodiode, and a photodiode-fiber coupling optic inserted in a connector plug for connection of the base to the fiber cable. optics, and control electronics ensuring, among other things, an automatic gain regulation of the avalanche photodiode.
  • the current of the laser diode used in the transmitter module results from the superposition of its direct bias current and its modulation current; the light pulses are thus emitted in the fiber at the nominal optical power of the laser diode.
  • a circuit for regulating the direct current of the laser diode as a function of the temperature, connected between a temperature sensor and the laser diode, and comprising means for compensating for variations in the output power due to aging of the laser diode, as described in the article published in "RCA Technical Notes", No. 1005, April 9, 1975, pages 1-3, entitled: "Stabilization of cw injection lasers".
  • the object of the present invention is, on the one hand, to automatically regulate the nominal optical power emitted by the laser diode, while simultaneously ensuring regulation of the direct current and regulation of the modulation current of the laser diode, and, on the other hand, preventing user of the presence of a malfunction of a circuit of the transmitter module, and in particular of the aging of the laser diode, and also to suppress the modulation current in the laser diode if the frequency of the information to be transmitted is high.
  • the automatic power regulation device further comprises a threshold alarm triggering circuit connected in parallel to the output of the conversion means and comprising delay means connected between the second terminal of output of the first control circuit of the first current generator and one of the input terminals of a logic gate, the other input terminal of the gate being connected to the output of a voltage comparator means whose l input is connected to the output of the conversion means, and the output terminal of the door being connected to an alarm device.
  • a threshold alarm triggering circuit connected in parallel to the output of the conversion means and comprising delay means connected between the second terminal of output of the first control circuit of the first current generator and one of the input terminals of a logic gate, the other input terminal of the gate being connected to the output of a voltage comparator means whose l input is connected to the output of the conversion means, and the output terminal of the door being connected to an alarm device.
  • the transmitter module of a transmission system using a single optical fiber comprises an assembly 10 produced in the form of a housing in which are arranged a laser diode 11 whose optical power emitted is injected into the fiber (not shown), means for taking a portion of the optical power emitted by the laser diode and converting it into electrical power constituted for example by a photodiode 12 supplied with -12 volts, a fiber of coupling 13 between the laser diode and the photodiode 12, and a probe or sensor for the temperature of the housing 10 produced in the form of a current generator 14 supplied with - 12 volts.
  • the polarization resistance of the laser diode 11 is shown at R, having a predetermined fixed value and being connected in series between the laser diode and a supply voltage of -12 volts.
  • the device for automatically regulating the output power of the laser diode 11 in the transmitter module comprises a first circuit 15 for regulating the direct current of polarization of the laser diode connected between the temperature probe 14 and the laser diode 11, and a second circuit 16 for regulating the modulation current of the laser diode connected between the photodiode 12 and the laser diode 11.
  • the first circuit 15 for regulating the bias current of the laser diode 11 comprises in series a current-voltage converter 17, a low-pass filter 18 and a generator 19 of variable current as a function of the temperature of the housing 10 and at a high time constant with respect to the transmission rate.
  • the current-voltage converter 17 consists of an operational amplifier A 1 mounted in transimpedance, one input E 1 of which is connected to the temperature probe 14 and the other input of which E 2 is connected to ground.
  • an operational amplifier A 1 mounted in transimpedance, one input E 1 of which is connected to the temperature probe 14 and the other input of which E 2 is connected to ground.
  • Z there is shown in Z the feedback impedance connected between the output Si and the input E 1 of the operational amplifier A 1 ' a resistor R 1 being connected between the input E 1 and a supply voltage of + 12 volts.
  • the operational amplifier A supplies at output Si a voltage which is a function of the input current generated by the current generator 14.
  • the low-pass filter 18 consists of a single cell R 2 C 2 , the resistor R 2 being connected to the output S 1 of the operational amplifier A 1 and the capacitor C 2 being connected to ground.
  • the current generator 19 consists of a field effect transistor T whose gate G is connected to the output S 2 of the low-pass filter 18, whose drain D is connected to a supply voltage of + 12 volts, and whose source S is connected, via a resistor R 3 , to a current amplifier 20 of conventional structure.
  • the output S 3 of the current amplifier 20 is connected at B to the laser diode 11, that is to say in parallel on the bias resistor R.
  • the second modulation current regulation circuit 16 comprises in series an impedance adapter circuit 25, a voltage comparator circuit 26, a low-pass filter 27, a generator 28 of variable current as a function of the power of the laser diode 11, and a circuit forming a switch of the chopper type 29 controlled by the digital information to be transmitted.
  • the resistance of photodiode 12 is shown at R ′.
  • the impedance adapter circuit 25 consists of a transistor T 1 mounted as a follower emitter, the collector of this transistor being connected to a supply of -12 volts.
  • the voltage comparator circuit 26, the input R 4 of which is connected to the emitter of the transistor T 1 ' comprises an operational amplifier A 5 of which an input E s is connected to a reference voltage source V, corresponding to the power nominal optical emitted by the laser diode 11.
  • a diode D 1 ' whose cathode is connected to the emitter of transistor T 1' and a resistor R 5 are connected in series between terminal E4 and the other input E 6 of the operational amplifier A 5 .
  • a resistor R 6 is connected between the input E 6 of the amplifier A 5 and a supply of + 12 volts
  • a feedback resistor R 7 is connected between the output S 5 and the input E s of l amplifier A 5 .
  • the low-pass filter 27 consists of a single cell R 7 C 7 , the resistor R 7 being connected to the output S 5 of the operational amplifier A s and the capacitor C 7 being connected to ground.
  • the current generator 28 consists of a field effect transistor T 'whose gate G' is connected to the output S7 of the low-pass filter 27, whose drain D 'is connected to a supply of + 12 volts, and whose source S 'is connected, via a resistor R a , to the input E 9 of a current amplifier 30 of conventional structure.
  • R 9 shows a resistor connected between the input Eg of the current amplifier 30 and a +12 volt supply.
  • the circuit of the chopper type 29 consists of two transistors T 2 and T 3 supplied at -12 volts with their respective emitters connected together, the output S 9 of the current amplifier 30 being connected to a terminal common P of the transmitters.
  • the collector of transistor T 2 is directly connected to ground, while the collector of transistor T 3 is connected at B to the laser diode 11.
  • the two transistors T 2 and T 3 operate alternately and at low level.
  • this chopping circuit 29 can be produced in the form of a hybrid circuit, which significantly lowers the cost of production.
  • the circuit 16 for regulating the modulation current of the laser diode also includes a circuit 35 for controlling the current generator. 28 and a limitation circuit 36 sensitive to the frequency of the information to be transmitted.
  • the circuit 35 for controlling the current generator 28 comprises a monostable 37 supplied with +5 volts (of which the resistance r and the capacitor c have been shown, thus defining the time during which the monostable is in its stable state), having two complementary outputs Q and Q and an input terminal E of the digital information to be transmitted.
  • the output Q of the monostable 37 is connected, via a resistor R 10 , to the base of a transistor T 4 supplied with +12 volts and mounted as a common emitter, the collector of transistor T 4 being connected to the output S 7 of the low-pass filter 27.
  • the output Q of the monostable 37 is connected to one of the input terminals E 10 of an AND logic gate 38, while the input E of the monostable 37 is connected to one of the input terminals E 11 of an AND-NO logic gate 39.
  • the limiting circuit 36 sensitive to the frequency of the information to be transmitted consists of a first monostable 40 (with its resistance r and its capacitor c), of a second monostable 41 whose input E 12 is connected in parallel on the input E 10 of the AND gate 38, and a bistable circuit 42 having a data input D connected to ground, a clock input T connected to the output Q of the monostable 40 and a reset input to a (RAU) connected to the output Q of the monostable 41.
  • the input E 13 of the monostable 40 is connected in parallel to the input E 11 of the AND-NO logic gate 39, the other input terminal E, 4 of the latter connected to the output terminal S 10 of the logic gate ET 38.
  • the output Q of the bistable circuit 42 is connected to the other input terminal E 15 of the AND logic gate 38, while the output terminal S 11 of the AND-NOT logic gate 39 is connected to the input E 16 an inverter 46 whose output S 16 is connected, via a resistor R 11 , to the base of transistor T 3 .
  • the base of transistor T 2 is connected, via a resistor R 12 ' to the output S 11 of the AND-NOT logic gate 39.
  • the AND-NOT logic gate 39 and the inverter 46 constitute therefore a circuit for controlling the means forming a switch 29.
  • the transmitter module of the optical fiber transmission system which has just been described further comprises a circuit 50 for triggering an alarm with a threshold making it possible to warn the user mainly of the aging of the laser diode 11.
  • this alarm triggering circuit 50 comprises a voltage comparator circuit 51, a circuit 52 for shaping the signal generated by the comparator circuit 51, a delay circuit 53, a logic gate AND-NO 54, and an alarm device, such as for example an indicator 55.
  • the voltage comparator circuit 51 consists of an operational amplifier A 6 , an input E 20 of which is connected to a reference voltage source V 2 .
  • a diode D 2 and an integrator circuit comprising a capacitor C 15 and a resistor R 15 are connected in series between the input terminal E4 of the voltage comparator circuit 26 and the other input E 21 of the operational amplifier.
  • a 6 A resistor R 16 is connected between the input E 21 of the amplifier A 6 and a supply of +12 volts, and a feedback resistor R 17 is connected between the output S 20 and the input E 20 of l amplifier A 6 .
  • the shaping circuit 52 consists of a field effect transistor T 5 whose drain D s is connected to a + 12 volt supply, whose source S s is connected to a resistor R 18 connected to ground , and the gate G s of which is connected to a network comprising a diode D 3 connected to the output S 20 of the amplifier A s , a resistor R 19 in series, and a resistor R 20 connected to ground.
  • the AND-NON logic gate 54 has a first input terminal E 24 connected to the source S s of the field effect transistor T s , a second input terminal E 21 connected to the output of the delay circuit 53, and an output terminal S 24 to which are connected in series a resistor R 22 and the indicator 55 supplied with +5 volts.
  • the delay circuit 53 comprises a monostable 58 (with its resistance r and its capacitor c) whose input E 28 is connected to the input terminal E 10 of the logic gate ET 38, and whose output Q is connected to a first input terminal E 29 of an AND logic gate 59.
  • the other input terminal E 30 of this AND logic gate 59 is connected to the input E 28 of the monostable 58.
  • the current of the laser diode 11 results from the superposition of its bias current and its modulation current, so that the amplitude of the light pulses transmitted in the optical fiber depends on the optical power emitted by the laser diode.
  • this stabilization is obtained by regulating the modulation current of the laser diode.
  • the transfer characteristic of the laser diode (output power as a function of current) is modified, so that a regulation of the direct current of the laser diode in temperature function allows detection on the aging of the laser diode, identical in the range of operating temperatures.
  • the constant current generated by the polarization resistance R of the laser diode 11 may no longer be sufficient to allow suitable polarization of the laser diode, since the transfer characteristic of the diode changes as a function of temperature.
  • the desired bias current is obtained by adding to the current in the resistor R, a direct regulation current as a function of the temperature produced by the regulation circuit 15 in the following manner.
  • the current generator 14 delivers a current depending on the temperature which is converted into a voltage by the amplifier mounted in transimpedance 17.
  • the output signal is then presented, after passing through the low-pass filter 18, to the current generator 19 which supplies at its output S 3 a direct regulation current.
  • the sum of the current in the resistor R and the regulation current obtained gives the bias current sought by the laser diode 11.
  • the modulation current of the laser diode intended to stabilize the nominal optical power emitted by the laser diode, is regulated as follows.
  • the electrical signal generated by the photodiode 12 appears, the current of which is a function of the optical power emitted by the laser diode 11.
  • the signal is rectified by the diode D 1 ' then its level is compared by the amplifier A s to a reference level V, corresponding to the nominal output power of the laser diode 11.
  • the signal delivered to the output S s of the amplifier A s is presented, after passing through the low-pass filter 27, to the variable current generator 28 controlled by the circuit 35.
  • the input E of the circuit 35 for controlling the modulation current receives no digital information to be transmitted, and that a so-called positive logic is used, that is to say at a zero voltage corresponds to a level " 0 "and that a positive or negative voltage corresponds to a level” 1 ".
  • the outputs Q and (Q of the monostable 37 are respectively at the levels "0" and "1".
  • the transistor T is saturated and the voltage at the output S 7 of the filter passes -bas 27 is zero. Consequently, the current in the resistor R 8 is zero, and the current presented at the input of the current amplifier 30 corresponds to the current in the resistor Rg.
  • the output Q of the monostable 37 being at level "0”
  • the output S 10 of the logic gate AND 38 is at level "0”
  • the output S 11 of the logic gate AND-NO 39 is at level "1”
  • the output S 16 of the inverter 46 is at level "0”.
  • the transistor T 2 conducts while the transistor T 3 is blocked, which gives rise to no current at the output of the chopper circuit 29.
  • the input E of the circuit 35 for controlling the modulation current receives the digital information to be transmitted.
  • the outputs Q and Q of the monostable 37 are respectively at levels "1" and "0".
  • the transistor T 4 is blocked and the voltage at the output S 7 of the low-pass filter 27 varies according to the regulation at nominal power to be ensured determined at the output of the amplifier A s . Consequently, the current generator 28 supplies at its output S 9 a current intended to regulate the modulation current of the laser diode.
  • the transistors T 2 and T 3 operate alternatively, so that at the output of transistor T 3 a regulation of the modulation current of the laser diode is obtained.
  • the modulation current in the laser diode is suppressed when the frequency of the information to be transmitted is greater than a predetermined maximum frequency. This is achieved by the circuit 36 for limiting the frequency of the digital information to be transmitted.
  • the Q output of the monostable 40 supplies pulses and the Q output of the bistable circuit 42 is at level "1".
  • the output S 10 of the AND logic gate 38 is at level "1", so that the regulation of the modulation current of the laser diode can take place.
  • the signal is rectified by the diode D z , then its level is compared by the amplifier A 6 to a reference level V 2 corresponding to a multiple k less than 1 of the nominal output power of the laser diode 11.
  • the warning light 55 will therefore light up when the optical power emitted by the laser diode is less than the reference optical power equal to k. Rated power, thus warning the user of the aging of the laser diode.
  • the optical power emitted by the laser diode does not immediately stabilize at its nominal power, so that the indicator 55 lights up.
  • the delay circuit 53 provided in the alarm triggering device makes it possible precisely to avoid such an untimely indication of the alarm.
  • the output Q of the monostable 37 is at level "1”
  • the input E 30 of the logic gate ET 59 is also at level "1”.
  • the input E z5 of the AND-NO gate 54 is at a level "1".
  • the output S 24 of the AND-NON logic gate 54 is at level "0", corresponding to a zero voltage. Consequently, the alarm light 55 lights up, consequently indicating to the user that it is necessary to replace the laser diode soon.
  • the output S24 of the logic gate ET-NON 54 is at level "1", corresponding to a voltage of +5 volts, so that the alarm light 55 does not light up.

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  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Electromagnetism (AREA)
  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Computer Networks & Wireless Communication (AREA)
  • Signal Processing (AREA)
  • Optics & Photonics (AREA)
  • Condensed Matter Physics & Semiconductors (AREA)
  • General Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Optical Communication System (AREA)
  • Semiconductor Lasers (AREA)

Claims (5)

1. Vorrichtung zur automatischen Regelung der Ausgangsleistung in einem Sendermodul eines Informations-Übertragungssystems, das eine Glasfaser verwendet, wobei die Vorrichtung eine Einheit (10), in der eine Laserdiode (11), Mittel zur Entnahme (12) eines Teils der von der Laserdiode ausgesandten optischen Leistung und zur Umwandlung in elektrische Leistung, und eine Temperatur-Messsonde (14) enthalten sind, und einen ersten Kreis (15) zur Gleichstromregelung der Laserdiode in Abhängigkeit von der Temperatur aufweist, der zwischen die Temperatur-Messsonde (14) und die Laserdiode (11) geschaltet ist, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass die Vorrichtung einen zweiten Kreis (16) zur Regelung des Modulationsstroms der Laserdiode aufweist, der zwischen die Umwandlungsmittel (12) und die Laserdiode (11) geschaltet ist und der aufweist:
- einen ersten Generator (28) für variablen Strom in Abhängigkeit von der Leistung der Laserdiode (11), und gesteuert von einem ersten Steuerkreis (35) mit einer Eingangsklemme (E) für die zu übertragenden Informationen, einer ersten Ausgangsklemme (S,), die mit dem Eingang des Generators verbunden ist, und einer zweiten Ausgangsklemme, die mit der ersten Eingangsklemme (Eio) eines logischen UND-Tors (38) verbunden ist,
- Mittel, die einen Unterbrecher (29) bilden und zwischen den Stromgenerator (28) und die Laserdiode (11) eingefügt sind und von einem zweiten Steuerkreis (39, 46) gesteuert werden, der zwischen die Ausgangsklemme (Sio) des logischen UND-Tors (38) und die einen Unterbrecher bildenden Mittel geschaltet ist, wobei die Eingangsklemme (E) des ersten Steuerkreises (35) mit dem zweiten Steuerkreis verbunden ist, und
- einen Begrenzungskreis (36), der für die Frequenzder zu übertragenden Informationen sensibel ist und von dem eine erste Eingangsklemme (E,3) mit der Eingangsklemme (E) des ersten Steuerkreises (35), eine zweite Eingangsklemme (E12) mit der zweiten Ausgangsklemme (E1o) des ersten Steuerkreises (35) und eine Ausgangsklemme mit der zweiten Eingangsklemme (E15) des logischen UND-Tors (38) verbunden ist.
2. Vorrichtung nach Anspruch 1, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass der frequenzsensible Begrenzungskreis (36)
- eine erste monostabile Kippstufe (40), deren Eingang mit der ersten Eingangsklemme des Begrenzungskreises verbunden ist,
- eine zweite monostabile Kippstufe (41), deren Eingang mit der zweiten Eingangsklemme des Begrenzungskreises verbunden ist, und
- einen bistabilen Kreis (42) aufweist, der zwischen die Ausgänge der ersten bzw. zweiten monostabilen Kippstufe geschaltet ist und von dem eine Ausgangsklemme mit der zweiten Eingangsklemme des logischen UND-Tors (38) verbunden ist.
3. Vorrichtung nach Anspruch 1, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass der zweite Kreis (16) zur Regelung des Modulationsstroms der Laserdiode ausserdem in Reihe aufweist:
- Spannungsvergleichermittel (26), deren Eingang mit den Umwandlungsmitteln (12) verbunden ist, und
- ein erstes Tiefpassfilter (27), dessen Ausgang mit dem Stromgenerator (28) verbunden ist.
4. Vorrichtung nach Anspruch 1, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass der erste Kreis (15) zur Regelung des Gleichstroms der Laserdiode in Reihe aufweist:
- einen Operationsverstärker (A,), der in Transimpedanz geschaltet ist und dessen Eingang mit der Temperatur-Messsonde (14) verbunden ist,
- ein zweites Tiefpassfilter (18), und
- einen zweiten Generator (19), dessen Strom in Abhängigkeit von der Temperatur der Einheit (10) variiert und der eine hohe Zeitkonstante gegenüber der Übertragungskadenz besitzt, wobei der Ausgang des zweiten Stromgenerators mit der Laserdiode (11) verbunden ist.
5. Vorrichtung nach einem der vorhergehenden Ansprüche, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass sie ausserdem einen Schwellenkreis (50) zur Alarmauslösung aufweist, der parallel an den Ausgang der Umwandlungsmittel (12) angeschlossen ist und der Verzögerungsmittel (53) aufweist, die zwischen der zweiten Ausgangsklemme des ersten Steuerkreises für den ersten Stromgenerator (28) und einer der Eingangsklemmen eines logischen Tors (54) eingefügt sind, während die andere Eingangsklemme des Tors mit dem Ausgang eines Spannungsvergleichermittels (51), dessen Eingang an den Ausgang der Umwandlungsmittel angeschlossen ist, und die Ausgangsklemme des Tors (54) mit einer Alarmvorrichtung (55) verbunden ist.
EP81400111A 1980-02-22 1981-01-27 Vorrichtung zur automatischen Regulierung der Ausgangsleistung eines Sendermoduls für ein Übertragungssystem mit optischen Fasern Expired EP0034957B1 (de)

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
FR8003983 1980-02-22
FR8003983A FR2476945A1 (fr) 1980-02-22 1980-02-22 Dispositif de regulation automatique de puissance de sortie d'un module emetteur pour systeme de transmission sur fibre optique

Publications (2)

Publication Number Publication Date
EP0034957A1 EP0034957A1 (de) 1981-09-02
EP0034957B1 true EP0034957B1 (de) 1985-06-12

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US (1) US4369525A (de)
EP (1) EP0034957B1 (de)
CA (1) CA1165400A (de)
DE (1) DE3170908D1 (de)
FR (1) FR2476945A1 (de)
HU (1) HU181275B (de)

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FR2476945A1 (fr) 1981-08-28
HU181275B (en) 1983-06-28
FR2476945B1 (de) 1983-10-28
DE3170908D1 (en) 1985-07-18
CA1165400A (en) 1984-04-10
US4369525A (en) 1983-01-18
EP0034957A1 (de) 1981-09-02

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