EP0034541B1 - Cheminée ou conduit vertical pour l'écoulement de gaz - Google Patents

Cheminée ou conduit vertical pour l'écoulement de gaz Download PDF

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Publication number
EP0034541B1
EP0034541B1 EP81400243A EP81400243A EP0034541B1 EP 0034541 B1 EP0034541 B1 EP 0034541B1 EP 81400243 A EP81400243 A EP 81400243A EP 81400243 A EP81400243 A EP 81400243A EP 0034541 B1 EP0034541 B1 EP 0034541B1
Authority
EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
hoop
flue
pipe according
hoops
ground
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Expired
Application number
EP81400243A
Other languages
German (de)
English (en)
French (fr)
Other versions
EP0034541A2 (fr
EP0034541A3 (en
Inventor
René Bordet
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Electricite de France SA
Original Assignee
Electricite de France SA
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Electricite de France SA filed Critical Electricite de France SA
Publication of EP0034541A2 publication Critical patent/EP0034541A2/fr
Publication of EP0034541A3 publication Critical patent/EP0034541A3/fr
Application granted granted Critical
Publication of EP0034541B1 publication Critical patent/EP0034541B1/fr
Expired legal-status Critical Current

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Classifications

    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E04—BUILDING
    • E04H—BUILDINGS OR LIKE STRUCTURES FOR PARTICULAR PURPOSES; SWIMMING OR SPLASH BATHS OR POOLS; MASTS; FENCING; TENTS OR CANOPIES, IN GENERAL
    • E04H12/00—Towers; Masts or poles; Chimney stacks; Water-towers; Methods of erecting such structures
    • E04H12/28—Chimney stacks, e.g. free-standing, or similar ducts
    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E04—BUILDING
    • E04H—BUILDINGS OR LIKE STRUCTURES FOR PARTICULAR PURPOSES; SWIMMING OR SPLASH BATHS OR POOLS; MASTS; FENCING; TENTS OR CANOPIES, IN GENERAL
    • E04H5/00—Buildings or groups of buildings for industrial or agricultural purposes
    • E04H5/10—Buildings forming part of cooling plants
    • E04H5/12—Cooling towers
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
    • Y10S—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y10S261/00—Gas and liquid contact apparatus
    • Y10S261/11—Cooling towers

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to chimneys or vertical conduits for gas flow.
  • They are generally reinforced concrete shells, in the form of a hyperboloid of revolution around a vertical axis.
  • the present invention is the culmination of a diametrically opposite path of research, since instead of seeking rigidity, on the contrary, we opted for flexibility, for large deformations; in other words, no attempt has been made to oppose the buckling or blistering of the tower, but an attempt has been made to make this phenomenon acceptable by translating in an acceptable manner the forces which it can generate.
  • the object of the present invention is to produce an atmospheric refrigerant tower, or more generally any chimney or any vertical duct for the flow of gas, in the form of a superposition of ducts in the form of a section of surface of revolution or approximately of any revolution such as prism, cylinder, trunk of pyramid or cone, hyperboloid, torus, etc ..., supported and balanced in space partially or completely independently of each other, and each of which is made of a light material and flexible, such as canvas, stretched between two circular or polygonal hoops; each duct is suspended in the air by the flexible carrying links fixed to the upper hoop, and which transfer the weight and the vertical component of the surface tension forces on a vertical central mast, or on a stem of a lateral mast , by means of pulleys hanging from the mast or the stem, or by means of a sliding system of reduced coefficient of friction making it possible to transmit respectively to the mast or the stem only negligible horizontal forces; the various conduits are also stretched by shrouds, connecting the lower hoop to the ground;
  • the invention can find its application in the construction of chimneys or vertical conduits such as atmospheric refrigerant towers in their entirety, it can also be applied to the enhancement of pre-existing rigid chimneys or vertical conduits, either for the purpose of '' improve their performance, either for repair purposes after having leveled their upper part; a flexible conduit suspended between a mast, via load-bearing links, and the ground, via shrouds, as described above, or several superimposed flexible conduits thus stretched independently can then be superimposed on the upper part of the preexisting building, in the continuation of this one.
  • Patent application in the German Federal Republic DE-A-2 824 744 describes a tower formed by suspension, from a central mast, by means of load-bearing links, of a superposition of annular wall elements, the lower edge is connected to the ground by tensioning shrouds; the annular wall elements are however made of reinforced concrete, and this technique aims above all the rigidity of the tower according to an approach opposite to the approach pursued according to the present invention; the walls produced in the form of flexible surfaces are moreover criticized on page 6 of this prior document.
  • a carrying link connects two diametrically opposite zones of the corresponding hoop, and is suspended from the mast between these two zones, at the level of said vertical plumb, by means of means guiding it in translation on itself.
  • FIGS. 1 and 2 where a symmetrical tower is shown with respect to a vertical axis 1, and formed by the superimposition and the end-to-end connection of five sections, respectively 2 to 6, of bottom up, each of which is itself symmetrical with respect to axis 1 and delimited by a side wall whose section by a horizontal plane has the shape of a regular polygon, for example with sixteen sides, this number being given by way of nonlimiting example and preferably as high as possible so that the tower has a shape as close as possible to a shape of revolution around the axis 1.
  • the wall of each of the conduits 2 to 6, respectively 2a to 6a is made of canvas or of another light and flexible material, and has an upper periphery and a lower periphery substantially flat and horizontal, when the tower is assembled; this upper periphery and this lower periphery, which are fully open, are bound integrally by rigid horizontal hoops, for example made up of lattice beam elements, at the rate of an upper hoop, respectively 2b to 6b, and a hoop lower, respectively 2c to 6c, each of which has the planar shape which it is desired to communicate to the flexible wall at the corresponding level.
  • rigid horizontal hoops for example made up of lattice beam elements
  • each wall can itself advantageously consist of several assembled panels, each of which has an upper edge and a lower edge secured respectively to the upper hoop and the lower hoop, and two lateral edges each of which is assembled to the immediately adjacent analogous side edge a similar panel, at the edges of the wall; this assembly can also be carried out for example by lacing, welding or sewing if the materials lend themselves to it, other modes of connection of the panels with each other and with the hoops can naturally be chosen without leaving the frame of the invention; however, a removable fastening method is preferred, facilitating mounting and reassembly in the event of damage to a surface with double curvature by assembling triangular plane surfaces, for example welded or sewn or both
  • each of the conduits 2 to 6 is carried, independently of the other conduits, by a central mast 7, vertical, of axis 1; this central mast 7 can be in different forms, such as that of a wire mesh, or a reinforced concrete chimney, other embodiments can naturally be chosen; the mast 7 has a height greater than the cumulative height of the conduits 2 to 6 insofar as its upper end must be located at a level higher than that of the upper hoop 6b of the upper conduit 6 when the tower is assembled.
  • the suspension of the upper hoop of each of the conduits 2 to 6 on the mast 7 is also ensured by flexible carrying links, or hangers, each of which, preferably, connects two zones of the corresponding hoop diametrically opposite with respect to the axis 1 and rests in a central area on suitable carrier means such as 10 and 11 of the mast 7; these bearing means are preferably chosen so as to guide the link in translation on itself, by preventing it from moving vertically, so that under the action of the wind acting on the wall of the elementary duct considered, the upper hoop of the latter as, moreover, the whole of this conduit can be offset with respect to the axis 1 by transmitting a minimum of horizontal forces to the mast 7; for this purpose, the carrier means provided on this mast 7 for the carrier links are for example constituted by pulleys, or runners coated with a material having a very low coefficient of friction, such as polytetrafluoroethylene.
  • each bearing link thus connects two diametrically opposite vertices of the hoop, as is the case of the two carrier links 8 and 9 of the upper hoop 6b of the upper duct 6, a carrying link preferably being associated with each set of two diametrically opposite peaks of the hoop; more generally, the links carrying a hoop are preferably regularly distributed around the axis 1.
  • These shrouds are preferably grouped by sets of two shrouds fixed at the same point of the corresponding hoop, preferably at a vertex thereof when it has a polygonal shape, the two shrouds of the same set being located in a same vertical plane tangent to the hoop assimilated to its exinscribed circle, and oriented in this plane along two lines of a virtual vertical hyperboloid of axis 1, whose hoop considered, assimilated to its exinscribed circle, would constitute a horizontal plane section.
  • the shrouds can be radial, that is to say located in a vertical plane passing through the 'axis 1.
  • All the anchoring points such as 16, 17, 21, 22 are formed by independent concrete blocks or united in the same common annular block arranged along the ring 61, preferred solution for large structures, in that it distributes better efforts to balance the tension of the shrouds.
  • Ground anchors such as 23 for the guy 13 and 24 for the guy 19 can be added to these massifs to associate the weight of a large volume of soil with balancing the tension of the guy lines.
  • the block 16 receives, in addition to the shroud 13, the shroud 25 which is symmetrical with this shroud 13 with respect to a vertical plane including the axis 1 and point 16, as well as these shrouds for connection with the tops of the hoops 3b, 4c, 4b, 5c, 5b, 6c, 6b located vertically vertically respectively from point 15 and point 26 at which the shroud 25 is connected to the hoop 3c, the conduits 3 to 6 having identical transverse dimensions, as are the dimensions in plan of their upper and lower hems respectively.
  • At point 21 is also connected to the massif 24, in addition to the stay 19, a stay 27 connecting point 21 to the top 28 of the hoop 3b situated symmetrically from point 20 with respect to a vertical plane including axis 1 and point 21 , as well as the shrouds placed in the same vertical plane respectively as the shroud 19 and that the shroud 27 and connecting point 21 to the respective vertices of the hoops 3c, 4c, 4b, 5c, 5b, 6c, 6b located respectively plumb vertical from top 20 and vertically vertical from top 28 of hoop 3b.
  • Guy lines can also connect each lower hoop to any fixed point of the mast 7, located at a level lower than that of this hoop (not shown).
  • the lower duct 2 does not have a constant cross section over its entire height like the ducts 3 to 6, but has the shape of a truncated pyramid converging upwards; its upper hoop 2b has a shape and dimensions in plan similar to those of the upper and lower hoops of the conduits 3 to 6 but its lower hoop 2c has dimensions in plan higher, with however a similar polygonal shape and the same number of sides of which each is parallel to one of the sides of the other hoops; the flexible wall of this product 2 is for example formed by assembling identical flexible panels, each of which has the shape of an isosceles trapezium whose small base is assembled with the hoop 2b, the large base with the hoop 2c, and whose the sides are assembled two by two along edges such as 29 and 30 of the wall 2.
  • the upper hoop 2b is suspended at a point 11 of the mast 1 by means of lines such as 31 and 32 each of which, like the lines corresponding to the respective upper hoops of the various conduits 3 to 6, is preferably arranged so as to connect two peaks of the hoop arranged symmetrically to each other with respect to axis 1 and to slide or roll freely at point 11; like the hoops of conduits 3 to 6, the hoops 2b and 2c are also connected to the ground by shrouds, as shown in 33, 34, 35, 36, the two shrouds 33 and 34 connecting at point 16 two peaks of the hoop 2c corresponding here to the ends of the same side thereof, symmetrical with respect to the vertical plane included in axis 1 and point 16; likewise, the shrouds 35 and 36 connect the two ends at point 21 on the side of the hoop 2c intersecting the vertical plane including the axis 1 and point 21 and arranged symmetrically with respect to this plane.
  • point 11 is chosen on the mast 7 at a level such that the lines of the hoop 2b extend the edges such as 29 and 30 of the wall of the duct 2; in other words, if we refer to the example illustrated, the shrouds 33 and 34, the panel 39 of the wall 2a, the large base of which coincides with the side of the hoop 2c at the ends of which they are connected, and the sections of the lines 31 and 32 located respectively between the tops of the hoop 2b corresponding to the ends of the side of the latter joined to the small base of the trapezoidal panel 39 and point 11, are coplanar.
  • a tower could be produced by superimposing conduits such as 2 to 6 having shapes different from those which have been described and illustrated, in particular to give the tower a shape as close as possible to that of a hyperboloid of revolution around axis 1, that is to say a convergent shape then diverging from bottom to top.
  • the height of a tower thus constructed can be arbitrary, number of conduits constituting it being chosen in relation taking into account that the optimal height of a conduit is of the order of 30 to 50 meters for reasons of ease of mounting on the ground, then of lifting, possible repair, and taking into account the corresponding section of the cables advantageously used as lines and shrouds this figure is however given by way of nonlimiting example; also by way of nonlimiting example, the tower illustrated in FIGS.
  • 1 and 2 has a useful height of 200 meters from the ground for a mast height of 240 meters, the hoop 2c being located at a height of 20 meters, the hoops 2b and 3c at a height of 80 meters, hoops 3b and 4c at a height of 110 meters, hoops 4b and 5c at a height of 140 meters, hoops 5b and 6c at a height of 170 meters, and the hoop 6b defining the upper edge of the tower at a height of 200 meters.
  • Figures 3 and 4 illustrate a mixed construction in which several flexible conduits 41 (only one conduit 41 has been drawn), in all points similar to one of the conduits 3 to 6 of the example of Figures 1 and 2, are superimposed as an extension to the upper part of a cooler tower 40 'of known rigid type, for example in reinforced concrete; naturally, several identical or different conduits 41 could thus be superimposed, in order to raise the tower by the desired height, with a desired shape.
  • a central mast arranged along the vertical axis 43 of the tower 40 ′, could be used for the suspension of the duct 41, but another embodiment of the mast has been illustrated. , which could moreover also be adopted when a tower is made entirely from flexible conduits as in the case of FIGS. 1 and 2.
  • the mast 44 is outside the tower 40 ′, and carries at its upper part a bracket 45 having along the axis 43 a suspension member 46 similar to the members 10 and 11, which defines a vertical balance of suspension coinciding with the axis 43.
  • the mast 44 rests on the base 46 by a ball joint 47, and is held in the desired position by guy lines such as 48 connecting its high zones to tie rods such as 49 anchored in the ground; it will be noted that it will also be possible to provide such shrouds in the case of a central mast such as the mast 7 of FIG. 1.
  • the duct 41 has a flexible wall 42, vertical, of axis 43, integral at its upper periphery with an upper hoop 50 and at its lower periphery with a lower hoop 51, these two hoops 50 and 51 presenting in the example illustrated the identical shape of a regular polygon with 16 sides, arranged horizontally and centered on the axis 43.
  • Vertices of the hoop 50 diametrically opposite with respect to the axis 43 are connected by lines such as 52 deflected and carried, halfway between their ends, by the member 46 designed so as to allow their horizontal play freely while by immobilizing them vertically; each top of the lower hoop 51, and preferably also of the upper hoop 50, is moreover connected to the ground by a set of two shrouds, such as respectively 53-54 and 55-56, the two shrouds of each set being of preferably located in the same vertical plane tangent to the exinscribed circle of the corresponding hoop, and oriented along generatrices of a hyperboloid of revolution about the axis 43 whose circle exinscribed to the corresponding hoop constitutes a cross section.
  • the shrouds are fixed to tie rods such as 57 and 58, anchored in the ground preferably along a crown 59 centered on the axis 43.
  • the guys 53 and 55 are anchored to the same tie 57, and the shrouds 54 and 56 at the same tie 58.
  • connection between the lower periphery of the duct 41 and the upper periphery 60 of the tower 40 ' is made so as to allow free horizontal clearance of the hoop 51 relative to the tower 40' and, for this purpose, for example, to give the lower periphery of the conduit 41 an interior shape and dimensions such that it can fit around an area of the tower 40 'situated in the immediate vicinity of its crowning 60, with sufficient horizontal clearance; in the example illustrated where the tower 40 'has the shape of a hyperboloid of revolution around the axis 43, the dimensions of the hoop 51 are chosen such that the cylinder inscribed in the lower part of the wall 42 has a diameter higher than that of the crowning 60 of the tower 40 '.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Architecture (AREA)
  • Civil Engineering (AREA)
  • Structural Engineering (AREA)
  • Conveying And Assembling Of Building Elements In Situ (AREA)
  • Supports For Pipes And Cables (AREA)
  • Physical Or Chemical Processes And Apparatus (AREA)
  • Devices Affording Protection Of Roads Or Walls For Sound Insulation (AREA)
EP81400243A 1980-02-18 1981-02-17 Cheminée ou conduit vertical pour l'écoulement de gaz Expired EP0034541B1 (fr)

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
FR8003484 1980-02-18
FR8003484A FR2476190A1 (fr) 1980-02-18 1980-02-18 Cheminee ou conduit vertical pour l'ecoulement de gaz

Publications (3)

Publication Number Publication Date
EP0034541A2 EP0034541A2 (fr) 1981-08-26
EP0034541A3 EP0034541A3 (en) 1981-11-04
EP0034541B1 true EP0034541B1 (fr) 1984-01-11

Family

ID=9238671

Family Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
EP81400243A Expired EP0034541B1 (fr) 1980-02-18 1981-02-17 Cheminée ou conduit vertical pour l'écoulement de gaz

Country Status (4)

Country Link
US (1) US4520600A (xx)
EP (1) EP0034541B1 (xx)
ES (1) ES8203450A1 (xx)
FR (1) FR2476190A1 (xx)

Families Citing this family (7)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
WO1996004443A1 (en) * 1994-07-29 1996-02-15 Daya Ranjit Senanayake Chimney
US8235363B2 (en) * 2008-09-30 2012-08-07 Spx Cooling Technologies, Inc. Air-cooled heat exchanger with hybrid supporting structure
CN103562475B (zh) * 2011-03-23 2017-02-08 尤西·埃米尔 塔式结构
SE536447C2 (sv) * 2012-03-27 2013-11-05 Induflex AB Spännanordning för att spänna ut en radomduk
US9334982B2 (en) * 2013-03-08 2016-05-10 Whiting Equipment Canada Inc. Tie rod support apparatus for large pressure vessel piping
US9062470B2 (en) * 2013-06-20 2015-06-23 Spx Cooling Technologies, Inc. Shell extension for natural draft cooling tower
CN105863319A (zh) * 2016-05-09 2016-08-17 中国五洲工程设计集团有限公司 一种双层网壳钢结构冷却塔

Family Cites Families (9)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
DE2142491B2 (de) * 1971-08-25 1975-05-28 Fried. Krupp Gmbh, 4300 Essen Kühlturm
DE2154967C2 (de) * 1971-11-05 1982-04-01 Balcke-Dürr AG, 4030 Ratingen Kühlturm
FR2178301A5 (xx) * 1972-03-27 1973-11-09 Krupp Gmbh
DE2247179C3 (de) * 1972-09-26 1978-01-19 Willi Baur Sattelflaechenfoermiger mantel fuer rohrfoermige bauwerke, insbesondere fuer kuehltuerme
US4050214A (en) * 1975-01-16 1977-09-27 Tower Technology, Inc. Method of erecting a tower structure
US3994108A (en) * 1975-01-16 1976-11-30 Tower Technology Inc. Tower structure
DE2749349A1 (de) * 1977-11-04 1979-05-10 Krupp Gmbh Kuehlturm
DE2824744A1 (de) * 1978-06-06 1979-12-13 Schultz Horst Kuehlturm und verfahren zu seiner herstellung
DE2845194A1 (de) * 1978-10-17 1980-04-30 Leonhardt Fritz Sattelflaechenfoermiger mantel fuer rohrfoermige bauwerke sowie verfahren zu seiner herstellung

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
EP0034541A2 (fr) 1981-08-26
ES500416A0 (es) 1982-04-01
FR2476190A1 (fr) 1981-08-21
FR2476190B1 (xx) 1983-10-21
ES8203450A1 (es) 1982-04-01
US4520600A (en) 1985-06-04
EP0034541A3 (en) 1981-11-04

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