EP0034186B1 - Natural circulation-type hot water storage heater - Google Patents
Natural circulation-type hot water storage heater Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- EP0034186B1 EP0034186B1 EP80900988A EP80900988A EP0034186B1 EP 0034186 B1 EP0034186 B1 EP 0034186B1 EP 80900988 A EP80900988 A EP 80900988A EP 80900988 A EP80900988 A EP 80900988A EP 0034186 B1 EP0034186 B1 EP 0034186B1
- Authority
- EP
- European Patent Office
- Prior art keywords
- hot
- water
- heat exchanger
- temperature
- hot water
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Expired
Links
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 title claims abstract description 131
- 238000009835 boiling Methods 0.000 abstract description 5
- 230000002035 prolonged effect Effects 0.000 abstract 1
- 230000003252 repetitive effect Effects 0.000 abstract 1
- 238000010586 diagram Methods 0.000 description 5
- 238000009825 accumulation Methods 0.000 description 3
- 230000007423 decrease Effects 0.000 description 3
- 230000007547 defect Effects 0.000 description 2
- ATJFFYVFTNAWJD-UHFFFAOYSA-N Tin Chemical compound [Sn] ATJFFYVFTNAWJD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000011067 equilibration Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000007791 liquid phase Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000007790 solid phase Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000000126 substance Substances 0.000 description 1
Images
Classifications
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F24—HEATING; RANGES; VENTILATING
- F24H—FLUID HEATERS, e.g. WATER OR AIR HEATERS, HAVING HEAT-GENERATING MEANS, e.g. HEAT PUMPS, IN GENERAL
- F24H1/00—Water heaters, e.g. boilers, continuous-flow heaters or water-storage heaters
- F24H1/18—Water-storage heaters
- F24H1/186—Water-storage heaters using fluid fuel
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F24—HEATING; RANGES; VENTILATING
- F24H—FLUID HEATERS, e.g. WATER OR AIR HEATERS, HAVING HEAT-GENERATING MEANS, e.g. HEAT PUMPS, IN GENERAL
- F24H15/00—Control of fluid heaters
- F24H15/20—Control of fluid heaters characterised by control inputs
- F24H15/212—Temperature of the water
- F24H15/223—Temperature of the water in the water storage tank
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F24—HEATING; RANGES; VENTILATING
- F24D—DOMESTIC- OR SPACE-HEATING SYSTEMS, e.g. CENTRAL HEATING SYSTEMS; DOMESTIC HOT-WATER SUPPLY SYSTEMS; ELEMENTS OR COMPONENTS THEREFOR
- F24D2220/00—Components of central heating installations excluding heat sources
- F24D2220/02—Fluid distribution means
- F24D2220/0271—Valves
Definitions
- the present invention relates to an improvement in a hot-water storage type hot-water supply apparatus operating under a natural circulation principle.
- the temperature distribution of the hot-water in hot-water storage tank (3) of the conventional hot-water supply apparatus at the time of the boiling of the hot-water can be expressed by the diagram shown in Figure 2, revealing a temperature gradient wherein the low temperature water exists at the bottom of the tank in the initial stage of the hot-water storage, and the higher the level of the hot-water from the bottom of tank 3, the higher the temperature of the hot-water becomes. Therefore, it has such defect that the volume of the high temperature hot-water available for practical use, i.e. the effective hot-water storage volume is less than the actual inner volume of the tank.
- Figures 1 to 3 show a conventional hot-water supply apparatus wherein Figure 1 is a diagrammatical vertical sectional view of the apparatus as a whole, Figure 2 is a diagram showing the temperature distribution in the tank at the time of the boiling of the hot-water and Figure 3 is a diagram showing the variation in hot-water temperature at the time of its supply.
- Figures 4 to 8 show one embodiment of a rhot-water supply apparatus in accordance with the present invention in which Figure 4 is a diagrammatical vertical sectional view of the apparatus as a whole, Figure 5 is a vertical sectional view of the thermal valve in its closed state, Figure 6 is a vertical sectional view of the thermal valve in its opened state, Figure 7 is a diagram showing the temperature distribution in the tank at the time of the boiling of hot-water, and Figure 8 is a diagram showing the variation in hot-water temperature during its supply.
- Figure 9 is a graph showing changes in the hot-water temperature during its supply for the conventional hot-water supply apparatus and the apparatus in accordance with the present invention.
- the reference numeral (1) shows a water inlet orifice, (2) a hot-water supply orifice, (3) a hot-water storage tank, (4) a first circulation pipe, (5) a heat exchanger, (6) a burner or combustor, and (7) a second circulation pipe.
- the present invention is characterized in the provision of a thermal valve (8) interposed in a circulation passage A at second circulation pipe (7) downstream of heat exchanger (5), thermal valve (8) operating such that when the temperature of the hot-water becomes high its opening area is enlarged and when the temperature of the hot-water becomes low its opening area is narrowed.
- thermal valve (8) comprises an orifice plate (9) fixedly mounted to the inner wall of second circulation pipe (7) near the exit of the heat exchanger and having generally a hollow truncated conical shape, a pin abutting plate (10) fixedly secured to orifice plate (9), a coil spring seating plate (11) fixedly secured to orifice plate (9), a coil spring (14) laid on spring fixing plate (11) centrally thereof, a movable circular disc (13) secured to coil spring (14) at its top, a temperature feeler (12) fixedly secured to disc (13) and having thermal wax sealingly filled therein, and pin (15) protruded through temperature feeler (12) centrally thereof so as to be freely axially movable and having its upper end abutted against pin abutting plate (10).
- the thermal wax sealed within temperature feeler (12) changes its state from the solid phase to the liquid phase or vice versa depending on the temperature of the hot-water, to expand or contract so that pin (15) is projected or withdrawn from or into temperature feeler (12) due to the equilibration of the force acting on movable plate (13) from spring (14) on the one hand and from temperature feeler (12) on the other hand.
- temperature feeler (12) is urged upwards relative to spring abutting plate (11) as viewed in Figure 5 so that the area for the passage of the hot-water formed between the opening of conical-shaped orifice plate (9) and circular movable disc (13) is made small, whereby the circulation flow rate w is made small.
- movable disc (13) moves downwards against the action of spring (14) as viewed in Figure 6 in the manner contrary to that abovesaid. Therefore, the flow passage formed between the opening of orifice plate (9) and movable disc (13) is made large as shown in Figure 6, whereby the circulation flow rate w is made large.
- thermo valve (8) detects this tendency and operates so as to cause the flow area to be made small, thereby lowering the flow rate.
- thermal valve (8) detects this tendency and operates to cause the flow rate of the hot-water to be increased.
- the circulation flow rate w is maintained always substantially constant regardless of the hot-water volume accumulated within tank (3).
- hot-water temperature Tout at the exit of heat exchanger (5) is controlled so as to be substantially constant by such operation of thermal valve (8).
- the temperature distribution of the hot-water within the hot-water storage tank at the time of boiling is made to be substantially constant over the total height of the tank as shown in Figure 7, resulting in the hot-water accumulation within the storage tank being as effective as possible relative to its inner volume.
- the present invention has an effective hot-water accumulation volume larger than the inner volume of the hot-water storage tank.
Landscapes
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
- Thermal Sciences (AREA)
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Combustion & Propulsion (AREA)
- Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
- General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Heat-Pump Type And Storage Water Heaters (AREA)
- Domestic Hot-Water Supply Systems And Details Of Heating Systems (AREA)
- Temperature-Responsive Valves (AREA)
- Details Of Fluid Heaters (AREA)
Abstract
Description
- The present invention relates to an improvement in a hot-water storage type hot-water supply apparatus operating under a natural circulation principle.
- Now a hitherto known hot-water storage type hot-water supply apparatus, similar to the one disclosed in the GB-A-282 077 or in the US-A-2 076 087, operating under the natural circulation principle will be explained in reference to Figure 1 of the attached drawings. As shown in the drawing, water contained within a hot-water storage tank (3) provided with a water feed orifice (1) and a hot-water supply orifice (2) is fed through a first circulation pipe (4) connected to the bottom of tank (3) to a heat exchanger (5) to be heated by a burner or a combustor (6), the water thus heated being supplied through a second circulation pipe (7) to the upper portion within tank (3).
- In this case, assuming that the mean density of water flowing through first circulation pipe (4) is r,, the mean density of hot-water flowing through second circulation pipe (7) isr2, and the height from the middle position of heat exchanger (5) to the boundary surface between the hot-water and the cold-water within hot-water storage tank (3) is H1' the natural circulation force F is formulated as follows:
-
- Further, assuming that the heat quantity given to the water in heat exchanger (5) by the heat from combustor (6) is Q, the specific heat at constant pressure is Cp, and each of the temperatures of the cold- and hot-water at the entrance and the exit of heat exchanger (5) are Tin and Tout, respectively, the next equation is given:
-
- Thus, it will be appreciated that the smaller the natural circulation force F, the larger the temperature difference (Tout-Tin) becomes.
- In short, as shown in Figure 1, if the hot-water accumulates as high within hot-water storage tank (3) as a level denoted by the dot-and-dash line Bt, height H decreases to as low as Hj, while (r1-r2) increases a bit, but, since the degree of decrease in H is larger than the degree of increase in Tri-r2), the natural circulation force F as represented by formula (1) decreases so that the temperature difference (Tout-Tin) in the temperature of the water before and after the heat exchanger becomes large. This means that the larger the hot-water volume accumulated in the upper part of hot-water tank (3), the larger the temperature difference (Tout-Tin) becomes.
- From the above reasons, the temperature distribution of the hot-water in hot-water storage tank (3) of the conventional hot-water supply apparatus at the time of the boiling of the hot-water can be expressed by the diagram shown in Figure 2, revealing a temperature gradient wherein the low temperature water exists at the bottom of the tank in the initial stage of the hot-water storage, and the higher the level of the hot-water from the bottom of tank 3, the higher the temperature of the hot-water becomes. Therefore, it has such defect that the volume of the high temperature hot-water available for practical use, i.e. the effective hot-water storage volume is less than the actual inner volume of the tank.
- And, at the time of the supply of the hot-water, since, with the supply of hot-water, the circulation force F, i.e. the discharge volume from second circulation pipe (7), varies, the boundary surface between the hot-water and the cold-water varies so that the actuation and the shutting off of combustor (6) are repeated. In this case, since at the time of the actuation of the combustor the volume of the hot-water accumulated in the hot-water storage tank is small, the natural circulation force F becomes large, and the temperature of the hot-water flowing out of second circulation pipe (7) becomes low, so the temperature of the hot-water to be supplied too becomes low. Inversely, since at the time of the shutting off of the combustor the volume of the hot-water accumulated in the hot-water storage tank is large, the natural circulation force F is small, so the high temperature hot-water is supplied. Thus, as shown in Figure 3 the variation in temperature of the hot-water at the time of its supply is large. Therefore, the conventional hot-water supply apparatus is not suited for use with, for example, a shower bath, etc.
- It is an object of the present invention to eliminate such defects in the conventional hot-water supply apparatus and provide a hot-water supply apparatus in which a thermal valve is mounted to a circulation pipe downstream of a heat exchanger, said thermal valve being located outside the hot-water storage tank directly behind said heat exchanger, which thermal valve operates such that when the temperature of the hot-water becomes high its opening area is enlarged, whereas when the temperature of the hot-water becomes low its opening area is narrowed, so that the temperature distribution of the boiled hot-water within the hot-water storage tank is kept nearly constant throughout the tank, thereby increasing the effective hot-water storage volume and eliminating the variation in temperature at the time of hot-water supply.
- Figures 1 to 3 show a conventional hot-water supply apparatus wherein Figure 1 is a diagrammatical vertical sectional view of the apparatus as a whole, Figure 2 is a diagram showing the temperature distribution in the tank at the time of the boiling of the hot-water and Figure 3 is a diagram showing the variation in hot-water temperature at the time of its supply.
- Figures 4 to 8 show one embodiment of a rhot-water supply apparatus in accordance with the present invention in which Figure 4 is a diagrammatical vertical sectional view of the apparatus as a whole, Figure 5 is a vertical sectional view of the thermal valve in its closed state, Figure 6 is a vertical sectional view of the thermal valve in its opened state, Figure 7 is a diagram showing the temperature distribution in the tank at the time of the boiling of hot-water, and Figure 8 is a diagram showing the variation in hot-water temperature during its supply.
- Figure 9 is a graph showing changes in the hot-water temperature during its supply for the conventional hot-water supply apparatus and the apparatus in accordance with the present invention.
- Now the present invention will be explained fully in connection with its one example in reference to the attached drawings.
- In Figure 4, the reference numeral (1) shows a water inlet orifice, (2) a hot-water supply orifice, (3) a hot-water storage tank, (4) a first circulation pipe, (5) a heat exchanger, (6) a burner or combustor, and (7) a second circulation pipe. The present invention is characterized in the provision of a thermal valve (8) interposed in a circulation passage A at second circulation pipe (7) downstream of heat exchanger (5), thermal valve (8) operating such that when the temperature of the hot-water becomes high its opening area is enlarged and when the temperature of the hot-water becomes low its opening area is narrowed.
- As shown in Figure 5 thermal valve (8) comprises an orifice plate (9) fixedly mounted to the inner wall of second circulation pipe (7) near the exit of the heat exchanger and having generally a hollow truncated conical shape, a pin abutting plate (10) fixedly secured to orifice plate (9), a coil spring seating plate (11) fixedly secured to orifice plate (9), a coil spring (14) laid on spring fixing plate (11) centrally thereof, a movable circular disc (13) secured to coil spring (14) at its top, a temperature feeler (12) fixedly secured to disc (13) and having thermal wax sealingly filled therein, and pin (15) protruded through temperature feeler (12) centrally thereof so as to be freely axially movable and having its upper end abutted against pin abutting plate (10).
- The thermal wax sealed within temperature feeler (12) changes its state from the solid phase to the liquid phase or vice versa depending on the temperature of the hot-water, to expand or contract so that pin (15) is projected or withdrawn from or into temperature feeler (12) due to the equilibration of the force acting on movable plate (13) from spring (14) on the one hand and from temperature feeler (12) on the other hand. Therefore, in the state where the thermal wax is contracted owing to the low temperature of the surrounding hot-water, temperature feeler (12) is urged upwards relative to spring abutting plate (11) as viewed in Figure 5 so that the area for the passage of the hot-water formed between the opening of conical-shaped orifice plate (9) and circular movable disc (13) is made small, whereby the circulation flow rate w is made small. Inversely, when the temperature of the hot-water becomes high the thermal wax expands, so movable disc (13) moves downwards against the action of spring (14) as viewed in Figure 6 in the manner contrary to that abovesaid. Therefore, the flow passage formed between the opening of orifice plate (9) and movable disc (13) is made large as shown in Figure 6, whereby the circulation flow rate w is made large.
- Now the operation of the hot-water supply apparatus provided with the thermal valve according to the present invention will be explained below.
- In Figures 4 to 6, when the apparatus is to be operated for the storage hot-water within the storage tank, combustor (6) is ignited so that the hot-water flowing from heat exchanger (5) begins to accumulate in the upper part of hot-water tank (3) through second circulation pipe (7). At this time, in the conventional hot-water supply apparatus, if a small quantity of hot-water has been already accumulated in the upper part of tank (3), since the natural circulation force F is large, the circulation flow rate w is large so that the temperature of the hot-water at the exit of heat exchanger (5) becomes low. Contrarily, in the present invention, when the hot-water temperature at the exit of heat exchanger (5) has a tendency to be lowered, temperature feeler (12) of thermal' valve (8) detects this tendency and operates so as to cause the flow area to be made small, thereby lowering the flow rate. Further, in the conventional hot-water supply apparatus, when a volume of the hot-water is accumulated within tank (3), since the natural circulation force F is small, the flow rate w is made small so that the hot-water temperature at the exit of heat exchanger (5) becomes high, but, in the present invention, when the hot-water temperature at the exit of the heat exchanger has a tendency to be increased, thermal valve (8) detects this tendency and operates to cause the flow rate of the hot-water to be increased. Therefore, in the present invention, the circulation flow rate w is maintained always substantially constant regardless of the hot-water volume accumulated within tank (3). Thus, in the present invention, hot-water temperature Tout at the exit of heat exchanger (5) is controlled so as to be substantially constant by such operation of thermal valve (8).
- Therefore, the temperature distribution of the hot-water within the hot-water storage tank at the time of boiling is made to be substantially constant over the total height of the tank as shown in Figure 7, resulting in the hot-water accumulation within the storage tank being as effective as possible relative to its inner volume.
- At the time of supplying hot-water in the apparatus according to the present invention, when the supply volume of the hot-water becomes less than the circulation flow rate w, even though combustor (6) repeats ignition and extinguishing, since hot-water at a substantially constant temperature is fed through second circulation pipe (7), continuous hot-water supply can be carried out while being kept at a stable temperature irrespective of whether the combustor is ignited or not, as shown in Figure 8.
- In the case where the volume of the hot-water supply is larger than the circulation flow rate w, with the assumption that combustor (6) is to be ignited when the water has been supplied to as high a level as 82 shown by the dot-and-dash line in Figure 4 and the hot-water supply volume is W, and that the hot-water accumulation volume from level B2 to the position of the exit opening of second circulation pipe (7) (the dot-and-dash line B3) is represented by Vo and the natural circulation flow rate is represented by w, the change in hot-water temperature is shown in Figure 9. In the conventional hot-water supply apparatus, as shown by the dot-and-dash line x, the change in hot-water temperature occurs simultaneously with the start of the ignition of the combustor (point C). Contrarily, in the hot-water supply apparatus according to the present invention, since temperature Tout of the hot-water flowing through second circulation pipe (7) by natural circulation is kept substantially constant, the hot-water supply volume becomes (W-w) in substance. Therefore, as shown by the solid line Y in Figure 9, after the start of ignition (point c), it is possible to supply hot-water at a constant temperature for a longer period of time as formulated by the following expression:
- This means that the present invention has an effective hot-water accumulation volume larger than the inner volume of the hot-water storage tank.
Claims (2)
Applications Claiming Priority (2)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
JP6859079A JPS55160253A (en) | 1979-06-01 | 1979-06-01 | Natural circulation and reservoir type hot water feeder |
JP68590/79 | 1979-06-01 |
Publications (3)
Publication Number | Publication Date |
---|---|
EP0034186A1 EP0034186A1 (en) | 1981-08-26 |
EP0034186A4 EP0034186A4 (en) | 1981-10-13 |
EP0034186B1 true EP0034186B1 (en) | 1984-07-04 |
Family
ID=13378153
Family Applications (1)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
---|---|---|---|
EP80900988A Expired EP0034186B1 (en) | 1979-06-01 | 1980-12-15 | Natural circulation-type hot water storage heater |
Country Status (7)
Country | Link |
---|---|
EP (1) | EP0034186B1 (en) |
JP (1) | JPS55160253A (en) |
AU (1) | AU519498B2 (en) |
BE (1) | BE883550A (en) |
DE (1) | DE3047559C2 (en) |
GB (1) | GB2070210B (en) |
WO (1) | WO1980002737A1 (en) |
Families Citing this family (4)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
JPH0440Y2 (en) * | 1985-06-14 | 1992-01-06 | ||
CN106168410A (en) * | 2016-08-19 | 2016-11-30 | 广东万家乐燃气具有限公司 | A kind of gas heater of anti-fluctuating temperature |
CN113551427B (en) * | 2021-07-20 | 2022-07-12 | 珠海格力电器股份有限公司 | Control method and device of water heater, water heater and storage medium |
CN115200222B (en) * | 2022-07-22 | 2023-11-24 | 广东纽恩泰新能源科技发展有限公司 | Water heater control method, water heater, equipment and storage medium |
Family Cites Families (7)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
DE275152C (en) * | 1912-08-24 | 1914-06-13 | Radiators for central heating systems with thermostats influenced by the outflowing heating medium | |
GB282075A (en) * | 1926-12-13 | 1928-08-02 | British Thomson Houston Co Ltd | Improvements in and relating to water heaters |
US2076087A (en) * | 1936-04-18 | 1937-04-06 | United American Bosch Corp | Water heater |
GB607962A (en) * | 1944-08-17 | 1948-09-08 | Lionel John Courtenay | Improved hot water generating and storage system |
DE7115699U (en) * | 1971-04-23 | 1971-09-23 | Siemens Ag | Electric hot water storage tank |
JPS526847U (en) * | 1975-07-02 | 1977-01-18 | ||
JPS52158951U (en) * | 1976-05-27 | 1977-12-02 |
-
1979
- 1979-06-01 JP JP6859079A patent/JPS55160253A/en active Pending
-
1980
- 1980-05-28 WO PCT/JP1980/000113 patent/WO1980002737A1/en active IP Right Grant
- 1980-05-28 DE DE19803047559 patent/DE3047559C2/en not_active Expired
- 1980-05-28 GB GB8103148A patent/GB2070210B/en not_active Expired
- 1980-05-28 AU AU59857/80A patent/AU519498B2/en not_active Ceased
- 1980-05-30 BE BE2/58585A patent/BE883550A/en not_active IP Right Cessation
- 1980-12-15 EP EP80900988A patent/EP0034186B1/en not_active Expired
Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
---|---|
GB2070210A (en) | 1981-09-03 |
GB2070210B (en) | 1983-05-18 |
EP0034186A1 (en) | 1981-08-26 |
DE3047559C2 (en) | 1987-10-08 |
JPS55160253A (en) | 1980-12-13 |
AU5985780A (en) | 1980-12-22 |
EP0034186A4 (en) | 1981-10-13 |
BE883550A (en) | 1980-09-15 |
WO1980002737A1 (en) | 1980-12-11 |
DE3047559T1 (en) | 1982-02-18 |
AU519498B2 (en) | 1981-12-03 |
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