EP0031804B1 - Spatial lattice structure - Google Patents

Spatial lattice structure Download PDF

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Publication number
EP0031804B1
EP0031804B1 EP80870055A EP80870055A EP0031804B1 EP 0031804 B1 EP0031804 B1 EP 0031804B1 EP 80870055 A EP80870055 A EP 80870055A EP 80870055 A EP80870055 A EP 80870055A EP 0031804 B1 EP0031804 B1 EP 0031804B1
Authority
EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
junction
members
strut
structure according
hollow
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Expired
Application number
EP80870055A
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German (de)
French (fr)
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EP0031804A3 (en
EP0031804A2 (en
Inventor
François Pierre Thonard
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Utema-Travhydro Sa En Abrege Travhydro
Original Assignee
Utema-Travhydro Sa En Abrege Travhydro
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
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Publication date
Priority claimed from BE0/198773A external-priority patent/BE880894A/en
Application filed by Utema-Travhydro Sa En Abrege Travhydro filed Critical Utema-Travhydro Sa En Abrege Travhydro
Publication of EP0031804A2 publication Critical patent/EP0031804A2/en
Publication of EP0031804A3 publication Critical patent/EP0031804A3/en
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Publication of EP0031804B1 publication Critical patent/EP0031804B1/en
Expired legal-status Critical Current

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Classifications

    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E04—BUILDING
    • E04B—GENERAL BUILDING CONSTRUCTIONS; WALLS, e.g. PARTITIONS; ROOFS; FLOORS; CEILINGS; INSULATION OR OTHER PROTECTION OF BUILDINGS
    • E04B1/00—Constructions in general; Structures which are not restricted either to walls, e.g. partitions, or floors or ceilings or roofs
    • E04B1/18—Structures comprising elongated load-supporting parts, e.g. columns, girders, skeletons
    • E04B1/19—Three-dimensional framework structures
    • E04B1/1903—Connecting nodes specially adapted therefor
    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E04—BUILDING
    • E04B—GENERAL BUILDING CONSTRUCTIONS; WALLS, e.g. PARTITIONS; ROOFS; FLOORS; CEILINGS; INSULATION OR OTHER PROTECTION OF BUILDINGS
    • E04B1/00—Constructions in general; Structures which are not restricted either to walls, e.g. partitions, or floors or ceilings or roofs
    • E04B1/18—Structures comprising elongated load-supporting parts, e.g. columns, girders, skeletons
    • E04B1/19—Three-dimensional framework structures
    • E04B2001/1924—Struts specially adapted therefor
    • E04B2001/1927—Struts specially adapted therefor of essentially circular cross section
    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E04—BUILDING
    • E04B—GENERAL BUILDING CONSTRUCTIONS; WALLS, e.g. PARTITIONS; ROOFS; FLOORS; CEILINGS; INSULATION OR OTHER PROTECTION OF BUILDINGS
    • E04B1/00—Constructions in general; Structures which are not restricted either to walls, e.g. partitions, or floors or ceilings or roofs
    • E04B1/18—Structures comprising elongated load-supporting parts, e.g. columns, girders, skeletons
    • E04B1/19—Three-dimensional framework structures
    • E04B2001/1924—Struts specially adapted therefor
    • E04B2001/1927—Struts specially adapted therefor of essentially circular cross section
    • E04B2001/193—Struts specially adapted therefor of essentially circular cross section with flattened connecting parts, e.g. ends
    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E04—BUILDING
    • E04B—GENERAL BUILDING CONSTRUCTIONS; WALLS, e.g. PARTITIONS; ROOFS; FLOORS; CEILINGS; INSULATION OR OTHER PROTECTION OF BUILDINGS
    • E04B1/00—Constructions in general; Structures which are not restricted either to walls, e.g. partitions, or floors or ceilings or roofs
    • E04B1/18—Structures comprising elongated load-supporting parts, e.g. columns, girders, skeletons
    • E04B1/19—Three-dimensional framework structures
    • E04B2001/1924—Struts specially adapted therefor
    • E04B2001/1933—Struts specially adapted therefor of polygonal, e.g. square, cross section
    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E04—BUILDING
    • E04B—GENERAL BUILDING CONSTRUCTIONS; WALLS, e.g. PARTITIONS; ROOFS; FLOORS; CEILINGS; INSULATION OR OTHER PROTECTION OF BUILDINGS
    • E04B1/00—Constructions in general; Structures which are not restricted either to walls, e.g. partitions, or floors or ceilings or roofs
    • E04B1/18—Structures comprising elongated load-supporting parts, e.g. columns, girders, skeletons
    • E04B1/19—Three-dimensional framework structures
    • E04B2001/1957—Details of connections between nodes and struts
    • E04B2001/1963—Screw connections with axis at an angle, e.g. perpendicular, to the main axis of the strut
    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E04—BUILDING
    • E04B—GENERAL BUILDING CONSTRUCTIONS; WALLS, e.g. PARTITIONS; ROOFS; FLOORS; CEILINGS; INSULATION OR OTHER PROTECTION OF BUILDINGS
    • E04B1/00—Constructions in general; Structures which are not restricted either to walls, e.g. partitions, or floors or ceilings or roofs
    • E04B1/18—Structures comprising elongated load-supporting parts, e.g. columns, girders, skeletons
    • E04B1/19—Three-dimensional framework structures
    • E04B2001/1975—Frameworks where the struts are directly connected to each other, i.e. without interposed connecting nodes or plates
    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E04—BUILDING
    • E04B—GENERAL BUILDING CONSTRUCTIONS; WALLS, e.g. PARTITIONS; ROOFS; FLOORS; CEILINGS; INSULATION OR OTHER PROTECTION OF BUILDINGS
    • E04B1/00—Constructions in general; Structures which are not restricted either to walls, e.g. partitions, or floors or ceilings or roofs
    • E04B1/18—Structures comprising elongated load-supporting parts, e.g. columns, girders, skeletons
    • E04B1/19—Three-dimensional framework structures
    • E04B2001/1981—Three-dimensional framework structures characterised by the grid type of the outer planes of the framework
    • E04B2001/1984—Three-dimensional framework structures characterised by the grid type of the outer planes of the framework rectangular, e.g. square, grid

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to a spatial lattice structure consisting of at least one flat ply or a single or double curvature veil, the ply or veil being formed of a network of members assembled in knots by bolts.
  • the connecting stud comprises a cornice welded to one end of a first flat iron, the other end of which is welded orthogonally to a second flat iron.
  • a post is not rigid and behaves dynamically like a ball joint.
  • a network of members (sheet or web) using such a junction element lacks flexural and torsional continuity and hence rigidity.
  • junction elements according to this document are used to produce a curved veil, that is to say by connecting tubes inclined obliquely to the second flat bars, the axes of the tubes assembled in a converging junction node towards a point offset externally. relative to the geometrical position of the knot on the curve of the veil. This offset is the cause of the instability of a veil thus produced and consequently imposes the need to brace this veil with a second veil.
  • the invention relates to a new spatial structure in which the nodes are designed and produced so as to remedy the drawbacks of known embodiments using assembly studs welded to the ends of the members of the spatial structure.
  • each joining stud consists of a hollow prismatic rigid part having a cross section in the form of an isosceles triangle and having its longitudinal axis oriented transversely to the axial direction of the member carrying it, a lateral face of the tenon being fixed at one end of the member transversely to the axial direction of said member, the angle formed by the axial direction of the member on said side face being suitable for the type of spatial structure , and each of the other lateral faces of the tenon being fixed to one face of a similar tenon of another member.
  • the hollow rigid tenon consists of a flat iron having its vertical edges welded to the terminal edges of the wings of an angle iron.
  • the hollow rigid tenon consists of three flat bars welded two by two along their edges parallel to the longitudinal axis of the tenon.
  • the firm fixing of the studs relative to the members on the one hand, and the direct superposition and bolting of the studs on the other hand ensure a very high degree of embedding of these members to the knots.
  • Such embedding not only reduces the buckling length of the members by increasing their stiffness and the buckling stability of the web or web, but also reduces the bending moments of these members by increasing the flexural strength of the web or of the web. sail.
  • the direct assembly of these studs eliminates any independent intermediate piece of the members.
  • the web or the veil is produced only using completely prefabricated and advantageously standardized members and by means of bolts. Such an achievement is particularly economical.
  • the edges at the top of the dihedrons constituting the two tenons of the member are convergent at the center of the spherical surface while being coplanar with the axis of the member.
  • the hollow rigid post can be reinforced at mid-height by a triangular stiffener welded to its wings and to the wall of this post.
  • the spatial structure according to the invention comprises at least two flat sheets or two curved webs braced by tubular diagonals
  • the ends of each diagonal are flattened and each have at least one assembly hole.
  • each end is inserted between two superimposed walls of two hollow rigid studs of the corresponding node and is fixed to these walls by one or more assembly bolts.
  • the spatial structure according to the invention may generally comprise one or more superimposed flat sheets 1, one or more veils 2 superimposed in the form of a cylinder or hyperbolic paraboloid or one or more veils 3 superimposed in the form of a sphere.
  • the spatial structure is a lattice construction formed by successive elements assembled together in nodes 4.
  • the constituent elements of the spatial structure are each time members formed by a bar constituted for example by 'a round tube, this bar can be another profile.
  • the constituent elements in question may be frames or pyramids formed from several members.
  • each node 4 ensures for example the assembly of the ends of four convergent members 5,
  • the members 5 are parallel in pairs and form rectangles or regular squares.
  • Each end of any member 5 carries a tenon comprising a flat wall 6 and an angle 7.
  • the wall 6 could be curved.
  • the flat wall 6 has substantially a square or rectangular configuration.
  • the plate 6 is welded to the end of the frame 5 and is arranged to have two vertical edges and two horizontal edges.
  • the angle 7 which has two identical wings or the same width forming between them for example a right angle, is welded by the edges of its wings along the vertical edges of the plate 6 to form a hollow prismatic assembly part having a section triangular cross. Between its wings, the angle 7 is slightly chamfered. The angle 7 has its vertically directed edge at the top.
  • the vertical plane passing through the longitudinal axis of the member 5 contains the edges at the top of the angles 7, these edges being moreover parallel to each other in this vertical plane.
  • the vertical planes relative to the members 5 all pass through the common straight line for aligning the edges at the top of the angles 7, this common straight line being perpendicular to the flat surface of the ply 1.
  • the wings of the four angles 7 are superimposed and bolted two by two by bolts 8 passing through assembly holes provided in these wings and aligned coaxially.
  • each node 4 assures for example the assembly of the ends of four members 5 and two diagonals 9, all converging.
  • the diagonals 9 are aligned respectively along equidistant lines parallel to the generatrix of the cylindrical surface, while the members 5 are parallel in pairs, each time only between two straight series of diagonals 9.
  • the veil 2 is thus constituted by isosceles triangles well shown in FIG. 4 and each having a diagonal 9 as a base and two neighboring members 5 as equal sides.
  • any member 5 At each end of any member 5 is still welded a stud comprising a flat 6 to which are welded the wings of an angle iron 7 whose non-chamfered edge is parallel to the flat 6. It is a similar welded stud to that of FIG. 1.
  • the edges at the top of the dihedrons constituting the two assembly tenons are left between them.
  • each end 10 of any diagonal 9 is simply flattened as shown in Figure 3.
  • the flattened ends 10 of the two diagonals 9 are 'bolted by bolts 11 on a common dish 12.
  • This dish 12 extends through the node 4 between the angles 7 and is inserted between the latter.
  • the plate 12 and the wings of the angles 7 of the members 5 between which the diagonals 9 are located are bolted together by bolts 8 introduced into corresponding coaxial holes in the wings and the plate 12.
  • each node 4 ensures the assembly of the ends of four converging members 5 for example.
  • any two neighboring members 5 are aligned differently.
  • Veil 3 is made of parallel deformed grams extending in two non-parallel planes.
  • Each end of any member 5 is also made as in the two previous cases with a tenon formed by a flat 6 and an angle iron 7.
  • the edges at the top of the dihedra constituting the two assembly studs of the member converge at the center of the spherical surface while being coplanar with the axis of the member.
  • the spatial structure comprises two superimposed flat sheets or two superimposed curved sheets
  • the sheets or sheets are linked together by diagonals whose ends are flattened and perforated.
  • 8 illustrates a structure including two planar plies joined by one of the diagonals 13.
  • the lower end of a flattened diago - nal 13 is inserted between two adjacent flanges of two brackets 7 of a node 4 of the web lower 1 and is bolted with these wings.
  • the flattened upper end of the diagonal 13 is inserted between the two contiguous wings of two angles 7 of a node 4 of the upper ply and is bolted with these wings.
  • FIG. 7 clearly illustrates the assembly of the ends of the members 5 and diagonals 13 to any node 4 of the lower ply. It is the same for the upper layer. The bond of two. sails curved by diagonals is done in a similar way.
  • each plate 6 may be common, by being welded to it, at two ends of two members 5 or possibly of a member and a diagonal, instead of being at the end of a single member 5.
  • the angle of the wings of each angle 7 is 120 ° instead of 90 °.
  • each node 4 has angles 7 whose number is equal to that of the plates 6 and whose wings define between them angles equal to 360 ° divided by this number.
  • the assembly by superposition of the wings of the angles 7 and by bolting of these wings is similar to the previous cases.
  • each end of each frame 5 is equipped with a tenon formed by a flat 6 and an angle 7, this welded tenon forming a hollow and rigid prism, of triangular and isosceles cross section.
  • a tenon formed by a flat 6 and an angle 7, this welded tenon forming a hollow and rigid prism, of triangular and isosceles cross section.
  • the rigid prism could be obtained by welding three plates welded along their edges parallel to the longitudinal axis of the post. It should be noted that to increase the resistance of the prism, the angle is reinforced at mid-height by a triangular stiffener welded to its wings and flat.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Architecture (AREA)
  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Electromagnetism (AREA)
  • Civil Engineering (AREA)
  • Structural Engineering (AREA)
  • Joining Of Building Structures In Genera (AREA)

Description

La présente invention est relative à une structure spatiale en treillis constituée d'au moins une nappe plane ou un voile à simple ou double courbure, la nappe ou le voile étant formé d'une résille de membrures assemblées en des noeuds par boulons.The present invention relates to a spatial lattice structure consisting of at least one flat ply or a single or double curvature veil, the ply or veil being formed of a network of members assembled in knots by bolts.

Dans une structure spatiale de ce genre, la direction axiale des membrures par rapport aux noeuds d'assemblage dépend des caractéristiques géométriques du voile, et il apparaît donc logique de réaliser les noeuds à l'aide de pièces sphériques sur lesquelles sont assemblées des membrures convergeant vers le centre de la sphère en chaque noeud. Il existe plusieurs réalisations de charpentes dont les membrures sont ainsi assemblées sur des pièces sphériques, mais cela oblige le constructeur à souder ou visser les membrures sur place, ce qui est peu pratique.In a spatial structure of this kind, the axial direction of the members with respect to the joining nodes depends on the geometrical characteristics of the web, and it therefore seems logical to make the nodes using spherical parts on which converging members are assembled. toward the center of the sphere at each node. There are several constructions of frames whose members are thus assembled on spherical parts, but this requires the manufacturer to weld or screw the members on site, which is impractical.

Beaucoup de constructeurs ont tenté de remplacer les pièces d'assemblage sphériques par des tenons d'assemblage soudés aux extrémités des membrures et qui sont assemblés entre eux. Il est cependent difficile d'assembler un grand nombre de membrures et un même noeud, aussi les constructeurs ont-ils adoptés des compromis visant par exemple à limiter le nombre de membrures assemblées en un même noeud ou à allonger les tenons d'assemblage, déforçant ainsi l'assemblage et empêchant même dans certains cas une concentricité adéquate des axes des membrures assemblées en un noeud.Many manufacturers have attempted to replace spherical assembly parts with assembly studs welded to the ends of the members and which are assembled together. It is however difficult to assemble a large number of members and the same knot, so the manufacturers have adopted compromises aiming for example to limit the number of members assembled in the same knot or to lengthen the connecting studs, deforming thus the assembly and even preventing in certain cases an adequate concentricity of the axes of the members assembled in a knot.

Dans un exemple particulier (FR-A-2143644), le tenon d'assemblage comprend une corniche soudée à une extrémité d'un premier fer plat dont l'autre extrémité est soudée orthogonalement à un second fer plat. Un tel tenon n'est pas rigide et se comporte dynamiquement comme une rotule. Il en résulte qu'un réseau de membrures (nappe ou voile) utilisant un tel élément de jonction manque de continuité flexionnelle et torsionnelle et partant de rigidité.In a particular example (FR-A-2143644), the connecting stud comprises a cornice welded to one end of a first flat iron, the other end of which is welded orthogonally to a second flat iron. Such a post is not rigid and behaves dynamically like a ball joint. As a result, a network of members (sheet or web) using such a junction element lacks flexural and torsional continuity and hence rigidity.

Si l'on utilise des éléments de jonction selon ce document pour réaliser un voile courbe, c'est-à-dire en y connectant des tubes inclinés obliquement par rapport aux seconds fers plats, les axes des tubes assemblés en un noeud de jonction convergent vers un point décalé extérieurement . par rapport à la position géométrique du noeud sur la courbe du voile. Ce décalage est cause de l'instabilité d'un voile ainsi réalisé et impose en conséquence la nécessité d'entretoiser ce voile avec un second voile.If junction elements according to this document are used to produce a curved veil, that is to say by connecting tubes inclined obliquely to the second flat bars, the axes of the tubes assembled in a converging junction node towards a point offset externally. relative to the geometrical position of the knot on the curve of the veil. This offset is the cause of the instability of a veil thus produced and consequently imposes the need to brace this veil with a second veil.

L'invention a pour objet une nouvelle structure spatiale dans laquelle les noeuds sont conçus et réalisés de manière à remédier aux inconvénients des réalisations connues utilisant des tenons d'assemblage soudés aux extrémités des membrures de la structure spatiale.The invention relates to a new spatial structure in which the nodes are designed and produced so as to remedy the drawbacks of known embodiments using assembly studs welded to the ends of the members of the spatial structure.

Ce but est atteint selon l'invention par une structure spatiale dans laquelle chaque tenon d'assemblage est constitué d'une pièce rigide prismatique creuse ayant une section transversale en forme de triangle isocèle et ayant son axe longitudinal orienté transversalement à la direction axiale de la membrure qui la porte, une face latérale du tenon étant fixée à une extrémité de la membrure transversalement à la direction axiale de ladite membrure, l'angle que forme la direction axiale de la membrure sur ladite face latérale étant approprié au type de la structure spatiale, et chacune des autres faces latérales du tenon étant fixée sur une face d'un tenon similaire d'une autre membrure.This object is achieved according to the invention by a spatial structure in which each joining stud consists of a hollow prismatic rigid part having a cross section in the form of an isosceles triangle and having its longitudinal axis oriented transversely to the axial direction of the member carrying it, a lateral face of the tenon being fixed at one end of the member transversely to the axial direction of said member, the angle formed by the axial direction of the member on said side face being suitable for the type of spatial structure , and each of the other lateral faces of the tenon being fixed to one face of a similar tenon of another member.

Généralement, le tenon rigide creux est constitué d'un fer plat ayant ses bords verticaux soudés sur les bords terminaux des ailes d'une cornière. Dans une forme de réalisation particulière, le tenon rigide creux est constitué de trois fers plats soudés deux à deux le long de leurs bords parallèles à l'axe longitudinal du tenon.Generally, the hollow rigid tenon consists of a flat iron having its vertical edges welded to the terminal edges of the wings of an angle iron. In a particular embodiment, the hollow rigid tenon consists of three flat bars welded two by two along their edges parallel to the longitudinal axis of the tenon.

Dans la nouvelle structure spatiale selon l'invention, la fixation ferme des tenons par rapport aux membrures d'une part, et la superposition et la boulonnage directs des tenons d'autre part, assurent un degré très élevé d'encastrement de ces membrures aux noeuds. Un tel encastrement réduit non seulement la longueur de flambage des membrures en augmentant leur raideur et la stabilité au voilement de la nappe ou du voile, mais réduit également les moments de flexion de ces membrures en augmentant la résistance à la flexion de la nappe ou du voile. D'autre part, l'assemblage direct de ces tenons élimine toute pièce intermédiaire indépendante des membrures. En somme, la nappe ou le voile est réalisé uniquement à l'aide de membrures complètement préfabriquées et avantageusement standardisées et au moyen de boulons. Une telie réalisation est particulièrement économique.In the new spatial structure according to the invention, the firm fixing of the studs relative to the members on the one hand, and the direct superposition and bolting of the studs on the other hand, ensure a very high degree of embedding of these members to the knots. Such embedding not only reduces the buckling length of the members by increasing their stiffness and the buckling stability of the web or web, but also reduces the bending moments of these members by increasing the flexural strength of the web or of the web. sail. On the other hand, the direct assembly of these studs eliminates any independent intermediate piece of the members. In short, the web or the veil is produced only using completely prefabricated and advantageously standardized members and by means of bolts. Such an achievement is particularly economical.

Dans le cas d'une structure spatiale comportant un voile sous forme de sphère, les arêtes au sommet des dièdres constituant les deux tenons de la membrure sont convergentes au centre de la surface sphérique en étant coplanaires avec l'axe de la membrure.In the case of a spatial structure comprising a veil in the form of a sphere, the edges at the top of the dihedrons constituting the two tenons of the member are convergent at the center of the spherical surface while being coplanar with the axis of the member.

Dans le cas d'une structure spatiale comportant un voile sous forme de cylindre ou de paraboloïde hyperbolique, les arêtes au sommet des dièdres constituant les deux tenons de la membrure sont gauches entre elles.In the case of a spatial structure comprising a veil in the form of a cylinder or a hyperbolic paraboloid, the edges at the top of the dihedrons constituting the two tenons of the member are left between them.

Pour augmenter la résistance des noeuds de la nouvelle structure spatiale, le tenon rigide creux peut être renforcé à mi-hauteur par un raidisseur triangulaire soudé à ses ailes et à la paroi de ce tenon.To increase the resistance of the nodes of the new spatial structure, the hollow rigid post can be reinforced at mid-height by a triangular stiffener welded to its wings and to the wall of this post.

Dans le cas où la structure spatiale selon l'invention comprend au moins deux nappes planes ou deux voiles courbes entretoisés par des diagonales tubulaires, les extrémités de chaque diagonale sont aplaties et présentent chacune au moins un trou d'assemblage. En outre, chaque extrémité est insérée entre deux parois superposées de deux tenons rigides creux du noeud correspondant et est fixée à ces parois par un ou des boulons d'assemblage.In the case where the spatial structure according to the invention comprises at least two flat sheets or two curved webs braced by tubular diagonals, the ends of each diagonal are flattened and each have at least one assembly hole. In addition, each end is inserted between two superimposed walls of two hollow rigid studs of the corresponding node and is fixed to these walls by one or more assembly bolts.

D'autres détails et particularités de l'invention ressortiront à la lecture de la description qui suit, faite en se référant aux dessins ci-annexés qui illustrent schématiquement et à titre d'exemple seulement, plusieurs formes de réalisation de l'invention.

  • La figure 1 est une vue en perspective d'un noeud d'une nappe plane d'une structure spatiale selon l'invention;
  • la figure 2 est une vue en perspective de la nappe plane;
  • la figure 3 est une vue en perspective d'un noeud d'un voile en forme de cylindre ou de paraboloïde hyperbolique d'une structure spatiale selon l'invention;
  • la figure 4 est une vue en perspective du voile en forme de cylindre ou de paraboloïde hyperbolique;
  • la figure 5 est une vue en perspective d'un noeud d'un voile en forme de sphère d'une structure spatiale selon l'invention;
  • la figure 6 est une vue en perspective du voile en forme de sphère;
  • la figure 7 est une vue en perspective d'un noeud d'une nappe plane et de diagonales de liaison de celle-ci à une nappe plane adjacente dans une structure spatiale selon l'invention;
  • la figure 8 est une vue en perspective des deux nappes planes et des diagonales de liaison;
  • la figure 9 est une vue en perspective d'un autre noeud d'une nappe plane d'une structure spatiale selon l'invention.
Other details and particularities of the invention will emerge on reading the description which follows, made with reference to the accompanying drawings which illustrate schematically and by way of example only, several embodiments of the invention.
  • Figure 1 is a perspective view of a node of a flat sheet of a spatial structure according to the invention;
  • Figure 2 is a perspective view of the flat sheet;
  • FIG. 3 is a perspective view of a node of a veil in the form of a cylinder or of a hyperbolic paraboloid of a spatial structure according to the invention;
  • Figure 4 is a perspective view of the cylinder-shaped veil or hyperbolic paraboloid;
  • FIG. 5 is a perspective view of a node of a sphere-shaped veil of a spatial structure according to the invention;
  • Figure 6 is a perspective view of the sphere-shaped veil;
  • FIG. 7 is a perspective view of a node of a flat sheet and of diagonals connecting it to an adjacent flat sheet in a spatial structure according to the invention;
  • FIG. 8 is a perspective view of the two flat plies and the connecting diagonals;
  • Figure 9 is a perspective view of another node of a flat sheet of a spatial structure according to the invention.

Sur ces différentes figures, les mêmes notations de référence désignent des éléments identiques.In these different figures, the same reference notations designate identical elements.

La structure spatiale selon l'invention peut .comprendre généralement une ou plusieurs nappes planes 1 superposées, un ou plusieurs voiles 2 superposés sous forme de cylindre ou de paraboloïde hyperbolique ou un ou plusieurs voiles 3 superposés sous forme de sphère. En substance, la structure spatiale est une construction en treillis formée par des éléments successifs assemblés entre eux en des noeuds 4. Dans les exemples représentés, les éléments constitutifs de la structure spatiale sont chaque fois des membrures formées chacune par une barre constituée par exemple d'un tube rond, cette barre pouvant être un autre profilé. Cependant, dans des variantes, les éléments constitutifs en question peuvent être des cadres ou des pyramides formés de plusieurs membrures.The spatial structure according to the invention may generally comprise one or more superimposed flat sheets 1, one or more veils 2 superimposed in the form of a cylinder or hyperbolic paraboloid or one or more veils 3 superimposed in the form of a sphere. In essence, the spatial structure is a lattice construction formed by successive elements assembled together in nodes 4. In the examples shown, the constituent elements of the spatial structure are each time members formed by a bar constituted for example by 'a round tube, this bar can be another profile. However, in variants, the constituent elements in question may be frames or pyramids formed from several members.

Dans le cas d'une seule nappe plane 1 (figures 1 et 2) chaque noeud 4 assure par exemple l'assemblage des extrémités de quatre membrures 5 convergentes, Dans la nappe 1, les membrures 5 sont parallèles deux à deux et forment des rectangles ou des carrés réguliers. Chaque extrémité d'une membrure 5 quelconque porte un tenon comprenant une paroi plane 6 et une cornière 7. La paroi 6 pourrait être bombée. Dans le cas considéré, la paroi plane 6 présente sensiblement une configuration carrée ou rectangulaire. Le plat 6 est soudé à l'extrémité de la membrure 5 et est disposé pour présenter deux bords verticaux et deux bords horizontaux. La cornière 7, qui comporte deux ailes identiques ou de même largeur faisant entre elles par exemple un angle droit, est soudée par les bords de ses ailes le long des bords verticaux du plat 6 pour former une pièce d'assemblage prismatique creuse ayant une section transversale triangulaire. Entre ses ailes, la cornière 7 est légèrement chanfreinée. La cornière 7 présente son arête au sommet dirigée verticalement. Dans chaque membrure 5 pourvue de ses tenons d'extrémité, le plan vertical passant par l'axe longitudinal de la membrure 5 contient les arêtes au sommet des cornières 7, ces arêtes étant d'ailleurs parallèles entre elles dans ce plan vertical. Dans chaque noeud 4, les plans verticaux relatifs aux membrures 5 passent tous par la droite commune d'alignement des arêtes au sommet des cornières 7, cette droite commune d'alignement étant perpendiculaire à la surface plane de la nappe 1. Les ailes des quatre cornières 7 sont superposées et boulonnées deux à deux par des boulons 8 traversant des trous d'assemblage prévus dans ces ailes et alignés coaxiale- ment.In the case of a single flat ply 1 (FIGS. 1 and 2) each node 4 ensures for example the assembly of the ends of four convergent members 5, In the ply 1, the members 5 are parallel in pairs and form rectangles or regular squares. Each end of any member 5 carries a tenon comprising a flat wall 6 and an angle 7. The wall 6 could be curved. In the case under consideration, the flat wall 6 has substantially a square or rectangular configuration. The plate 6 is welded to the end of the frame 5 and is arranged to have two vertical edges and two horizontal edges. The angle 7, which has two identical wings or the same width forming between them for example a right angle, is welded by the edges of its wings along the vertical edges of the plate 6 to form a hollow prismatic assembly part having a section triangular cross. Between its wings, the angle 7 is slightly chamfered. The angle 7 has its vertically directed edge at the top. In each member 5 provided with its end tenons, the vertical plane passing through the longitudinal axis of the member 5 contains the edges at the top of the angles 7, these edges being moreover parallel to each other in this vertical plane. In each node 4, the vertical planes relative to the members 5 all pass through the common straight line for aligning the edges at the top of the angles 7, this common straight line being perpendicular to the flat surface of the ply 1. The wings of the four angles 7 are superimposed and bolted two by two by bolts 8 passing through assembly holes provided in these wings and aligned coaxially.

Dans le cas d'un voile 2 sous forme de cylindre ou de paraboloïde hyperbolique (figures 3 et 4), chaque noeud 4 assure par exemple l'assemblage des extrémités de quatre membrures 5 et de deux diagonales 9, toutes convergentes. Dans le voile 2, les diagonales 9 sont alignées respectivement suivant des droites équidistantes parallèles à la génératrice de la surface cylindrique, tandis que les membrures 5 sont parallèles deux à deux, chaque fois uniquement entre deux séries rectilignes de diagonales 9. Le voile 2 est ainsi constitué de triangles isocèles bien montrés à la figure 4 et ayant chacun une diagonale 9 comme base et deux membrures 5 voisines comme côtés égaux. A chaque extrémité d'une membrure 5 quelconque est encore soudé un tenon comportant un plat 6 auquel sont soudées les ailes d'une cornière 7 dont l'arête non chanfreinée est parallèle au plat 6. Il s'agit d'un tenon soudé semblable à celui de la figure 1. Dans chaque membrure 5 pourvue de ses deux tenons d'extrémité, les arêtes au sommet des dièdres constituant les deux tenons d'assemblage sont gauches entre elles.In the case of a web 2 in the form of a cylinder or a hyperbolic paraboloid (FIGS. 3 and 4), each node 4 assures for example the assembly of the ends of four members 5 and two diagonals 9, all converging. In the veil 2, the diagonals 9 are aligned respectively along equidistant lines parallel to the generatrix of the cylindrical surface, while the members 5 are parallel in pairs, each time only between two straight series of diagonals 9. The veil 2 is thus constituted by isosceles triangles well shown in FIG. 4 and each having a diagonal 9 as a base and two neighboring members 5 as equal sides. At each end of any member 5 is still welded a stud comprising a flat 6 to which are welded the wings of an angle iron 7 whose non-chamfered edge is parallel to the flat 6. It is a similar welded stud to that of FIG. 1. In each frame 5 provided with its two end tenons, the edges at the top of the dihedrons constituting the two assembly tenons are left between them.

Par ailleurs, chaque extrémité 10 d'une diagonale 9 quelconque est simplement aplatie comme le montre la figure 3. Au montage des quatre membrures 5 et des deux diagonales 9, les extrémités aplaties 10 des deux diagonales 9 sont' boulonnées par des boulons 11 sur un plat commun 12. Ce plat 12 s'étend à travers le noeud 4 entre les cornières 7 et est inséré entre ces dernières. En fait, le plat 12 et les ailes des cornières 7 des membrures 5 entre lesquelles se trouvent les diagonales 9 sont boulonnées ensemble par des boulons 8 introduits dans des trous correspondants coaxiaux des ailes et du plat 12.Furthermore, each end 10 of any diagonal 9 is simply flattened as shown in Figure 3. When mounting the four members 5 and two diagonals 9, the flattened ends 10 of the two diagonals 9 are 'bolted by bolts 11 on a common dish 12. This dish 12 extends through the node 4 between the angles 7 and is inserted between the latter. In fact, the plate 12 and the wings of the angles 7 of the members 5 between which the diagonals 9 are located are bolted together by bolts 8 introduced into corresponding coaxial holes in the wings and the plate 12.

Dans le cas d'un voile sphérique 3 (figures 5 et 6), chaque noeud 4 assure l'assemblage des extrémités de quatre membrures convergentes 5 par exemple. Dans le voile 3, deux membrures 5 voisines quelconques sont alignées différemment. Le voile 3 est constitué de parallélogrammes déformés s'étendant dans deux plans non parallèles. Chaque extrémité d'une membrure 5 quelconque est encore réalisée comme dans le deux cas précédents avec un tenon formé par un plat 6 et une cornière 7. Dans chaque membrure 5 pourvue de ses deux tenons d'extrémité, les arêtes au sommet des dièdres constituant les deux tenons d'assemblage de la membrure sont convergentes au centre de la surface sphérique en étant coplanaires avec l'axe de la membrure.In the case of a spherical veil 3 (FIGS. 5 and 6), each node 4 ensures the assembly of the ends of four converging members 5 for example. In the web 3, any two neighboring members 5 are aligned differently. Veil 3 is made of parallel deformed grams extending in two non-parallel planes. Each end of any member 5 is also made as in the two previous cases with a tenon formed by a flat 6 and an angle iron 7. In each member 5 provided with its two end tenons, the edges at the top of the dihedra constituting the two assembly studs of the member converge at the center of the spherical surface while being coplanar with the axis of the member.

Lorsque la structure spatiale comprend deux nappes planes superposées ou deux voiles courbes superposés, les nappes ou les voiles sont reliés entre eux par des diagonales dont les extrémités sont aplaties et perforées. La figure 8 illustre une structure comprenant deux nappes planes 1 reliées par des diagonales 13. Au montage, l'extrémité inférieure aplatie d'une diago- nale 13 est insérée entre deux ailes adjacentes de deux cornières 7 d'un noeud 4 de la nappe inférieure 1 et est boulonnée avec ces ailes. En outre, l'extrémité supérieure aplatie de la diagonale 13 est insérée entre les deux ailes contiguës de deux cornières 7 d'un noeud 4 de la nappe supérieure et est boulonnée avec ces ailes. Les nappes 1 étant parallèles les diagonales 13 d'un noeud 4 sont toutes semblablement inclinées par rapport à la droite d'alignement des arêtes des cornières 7 relatives à ce noeud 4. La figure 7 illustre clairement l'assemblage des extrémités des membrures 5 et des diagonales 13 à un noeud 4 quelconque de la nappe inférieure. Il en est de même pour la nappe supérieure. La liaison de deux . voiles courbes par des diagonales se fait d'une manière similaire.When the spatial structure comprises two superimposed flat sheets or two superimposed curved sheets, the sheets or sheets are linked together by diagonals whose ends are flattened and perforated. 8 illustrates a structure including two planar plies joined by one of the diagonals 13. On assembly, the lower end of a flattened diago - nal 13 is inserted between two adjacent flanges of two brackets 7 of a node 4 of the web lower 1 and is bolted with these wings. In addition, the flattened upper end of the diagonal 13 is inserted between the two contiguous wings of two angles 7 of a node 4 of the upper ply and is bolted with these wings. The plies 1 being parallel the diagonals 13 of a node 4 are all similarly inclined relative to the straight line of alignment of the edges of the angles 7 relative to this node 4. FIG. 7 clearly illustrates the assembly of the ends of the members 5 and diagonals 13 to any node 4 of the lower ply. It is the same for the upper layer. The bond of two. sails curved by diagonals is done in a similar way.

Ainsi que le montre la figure 9, un même plat 6 peut être commun, en y étant soudé, à deux extrémités de deux membrures 5 ou éventuellement d'une membrure et d'une diagonale, au lieu de l'être à l'extrémité d'une seule membrure 5. En outre, l'angle des ailes de chaque cornière 7 vaut 120° au lieu de 90°. En théorie, chaque noeud 4 comporte des cornières 7 dont le nombre est égal à celui des plats 6 et dont les ailes délimitent entre elles des angles égaux à 360° divisés par ce nombre. Quoiqu'il en soit, l'assemblage par superposition des ailes des cornières 7 et par boulonnage de ces ailes est pareil aux cas précédents.As shown in Figure 9, the same plate 6 may be common, by being welded to it, at two ends of two members 5 or possibly of a member and a diagonal, instead of being at the end of a single member 5. In addition, the angle of the wings of each angle 7 is 120 ° instead of 90 °. In theory, each node 4 has angles 7 whose number is equal to that of the plates 6 and whose wings define between them angles equal to 360 ° divided by this number. Anyway, the assembly by superposition of the wings of the angles 7 and by bolting of these wings is similar to the previous cases.

Comme décrit ci-avant, chaque extrémité de chaque membrure 5 est équipée d'un tenon formé par un plat 6 et une cornière 7, ce tenon soudé formant un prisme creux et rigide, de section transversale triangulaire et isocèle. Cette façon de réaliser un tel prisme rigide à l'aide du plat 6 et de la cornière 7 est pratique, rapide et rationnelle, mais elle pourrait être différente. Dans cet ordre d'idée le prisme rigide pourrait être obtenu par soudure de trois plats soudés le long de leurs bords parallèles à l'axe longitudinal du tenon. Il est à noter que pour augmenter la résistance du prisme, la cornière est renforcée à mi-hauteur par un raidisseur triangulaire soudé à ses ailes et au plat.As described above, each end of each frame 5 is equipped with a tenon formed by a flat 6 and an angle 7, this welded tenon forming a hollow and rigid prism, of triangular and isosceles cross section. This way of making such a rigid prism using the plate 6 and the angle iron 7 is practical, quick and rational, but it could be different. In this order of idea, the rigid prism could be obtained by welding three plates welded along their edges parallel to the longitudinal axis of the post. It should be noted that to increase the resistance of the prism, the angle is reinforced at mid-height by a triangular stiffener welded to its wings and flat.

Il est évident que l'invention n'est pas exclusivement limitée aux formes de réalisation représentées et que bien des modifications peuvent être apportées dans la forme, la disposition et la constitution de certains des éléments intervenant dans leur réalisation pourvu que ces modifications ne soient pas en contradiction avec l'objet des revendications.It is obvious that the invention is not exclusively limited to the embodiments shown and that many modifications can be made in the form, the arrangement and the constitution of some of the elements involved in their realization provided that these modifications are not contradict the subject matter of the claims.

Claims (7)

1. A spatial lattice structure comprising at least one layer formed by an array of struts having a junction member at their ends, said junction members being joined together by bolts to form junction nodes, characterized in that each junction member is constituted by a hollow prismatic rigid member (6-7) having a cross-section in the form of an isoscele triangle and having its longitudinal axis extending transversally the axial direction of the strut (5) that bears it, a lateral face (6) of the hollow member being connected at an end of said strut transversally the axial direction thereof, said axial direction of the strut extending at a proper angle to said lateral face according to the type of the spatial structure, and each of the other lateral faces (7) of the hollow member being cohnected to one face of a similar junction member of another strut.
2. A structure according to claim 1, characterized in that the hollow rigid member is constituted by a flat iron piece (6) having its vertical edges welded to the end edges of the wings of an angle- iron (7).
3. A structure according to claim 1, characterized in that the hollow rigid member is constituted by three flat iron pieces welded two by two along their edges that are parallel to the longitudinal axis of the junction member.
4. A structure according to claim 1, characterized in that, in the case of a deck (3). having a spherical shape, the solid angles of intersection of the dihedrals constituting the pair of junction members of the strut (5) are converging toward the centre of the spherical surface and are coplanar with the axis of the strut.
5. A structure according to claim 1, characterized in that, in the case of a deck (2) having a cylindrical or paraboloid hyperbolic shape, the solid angles of intersection of the dihedrals constituting the pair of junction members of the strut (5) are skew to each other.
6. A structure according to any of the claims 1 to 5, characterized in that the hollow rigid member is reinforced at mid-height by a triangular brace welded to the wings thereof and to the wall (6) of the junction member.
7. A structure according to any of the claims 1 to 6, and comprising at least two planar or curved decks tied together by tubular diagonal tie bars, characterized in that the ends of each diagonal tie bar (13) are flattened and have each at least one assembling hole, each of said ends being positioned intermediate two superposed walls of two hollow rigid members of the corresponding nodes (4) and being connected to said walls by the connecting bolt or bolts (8).
EP80870055A 1979-12-27 1980-12-17 Spatial lattice structure Expired EP0031804B1 (en)

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

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BE0/198773A BE880894A (en) 1979-12-27 1979-12-27 SàATIAL LATTICE STRUCTURE
BE198773 1979-12-27

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EP0031804A2 EP0031804A2 (en) 1981-07-08
EP0031804A3 EP0031804A3 (en) 1981-09-23
EP0031804B1 true EP0031804B1 (en) 1985-05-22

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Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US4562681A (en) * 1985-02-05 1986-01-07 Gte Products Corporation Web section for a space frame
FR2610679B1 (en) * 1987-02-10 1989-05-05 Degryse Bernard DEVICE FOR JOINING AND ASSEMBLING MULTIDIRECTIONAL ELEMENTS OF THREE-DIMENSIONAL STRUCTURES
ATE76463T1 (en) * 1988-05-21 1992-06-15 Habitat Legno Spa MULTIPLE NODES FOR WOOD BEAM WITH GEODAETIC OR SPATIAL CONSTRUCTION AND CONSTRUCTION MADE THEREOF.
WO1993000490A1 (en) * 1991-06-21 1993-01-07 Johannes Geisen Joint for joining several beams in a lattice frame and beam connector
EP1522639A1 (en) * 2003-10-07 2005-04-13 Ideas en Metal, S.A. Connection system between bars of space frames
ITMC20070209A1 (en) * 2007-10-22 2009-04-23 Alessandro Balducci SPATIAL RETICULAR STRUCTURE.
US9731773B2 (en) 2015-03-11 2017-08-15 Caterpillar Inc. Node for a space frame
CA2974679A1 (en) 2016-07-28 2018-01-28 Cole David Kazuyuki Turner Integrated structural member
CN109339322A (en) * 2018-11-15 2019-02-15 武汉理工大学 A kind of multidirectional beam of modularization and its installation method

Citations (1)

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Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
FR2143644A1 (en) * 1972-03-23 1973-02-09 Lampson Serge

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Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
GB1350889A (en) * 1969-10-06 1974-04-24 Space Decks Patents Ltd Framework constructions and components therefor

Patent Citations (1)

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Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
FR2143644A1 (en) * 1972-03-23 1973-02-09 Lampson Serge

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EP0031804A2 (en) 1981-07-08
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