EP0030309B1 - Hot rolled strip or plate of denitrided steel and process for its production - Google Patents

Hot rolled strip or plate of denitrided steel and process for its production Download PDF

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EP0030309B1
EP0030309B1 EP80107296A EP80107296A EP0030309B1 EP 0030309 B1 EP0030309 B1 EP 0030309B1 EP 80107296 A EP80107296 A EP 80107296A EP 80107296 A EP80107296 A EP 80107296A EP 0030309 B1 EP0030309 B1 EP 0030309B1
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Prior art keywords
steel
temperature
hot
intermediate temperature
lies
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German (de)
French (fr)
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EP0030309A3 (en
EP0030309A2 (en
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Klaus Dipl.-Ing. Freier
Constantin M. Dr.-Ing. Vlad
Klaus Dipl.-Ing. Hulka
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Preussag Stahl AG
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Preussag Stahl AG
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Priority claimed from DE19792949124 external-priority patent/DE2949124C2/en
Priority claimed from DE19803030060 external-priority patent/DE3030060A1/en
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    • CCHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C21METALLURGY OF IRON
    • C21DMODIFYING THE PHYSICAL STRUCTURE OF FERROUS METALS; GENERAL DEVICES FOR HEAT TREATMENT OF FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS METALS OR ALLOYS; MAKING METAL MALLEABLE, e.g. BY DECARBURISATION OR TEMPERING
    • C21D8/00Modifying the physical properties by deformation combined with, or followed by, heat treatment
    • C21D8/02Modifying the physical properties by deformation combined with, or followed by, heat treatment during manufacturing of plates or strips
    • C21D8/0221Modifying the physical properties by deformation combined with, or followed by, heat treatment during manufacturing of plates or strips characterised by the working steps
    • C21D8/0226Hot rolling
    • CCHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C22METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
    • C22CALLOYS
    • C22C38/00Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys
    • C22C38/04Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing manganese
    • CCHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C21METALLURGY OF IRON
    • C21DMODIFYING THE PHYSICAL STRUCTURE OF FERROUS METALS; GENERAL DEVICES FOR HEAT TREATMENT OF FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS METALS OR ALLOYS; MAKING METAL MALLEABLE, e.g. BY DECARBURISATION OR TEMPERING
    • C21D8/00Modifying the physical properties by deformation combined with, or followed by, heat treatment
    • C21D8/02Modifying the physical properties by deformation combined with, or followed by, heat treatment during manufacturing of plates or strips
    • C21D8/0247Modifying the physical properties by deformation combined with, or followed by, heat treatment during manufacturing of plates or strips characterised by the heat treatment
    • C21D8/0263Modifying the physical properties by deformation combined with, or followed by, heat treatment during manufacturing of plates or strips characterised by the heat treatment following hot rolling

Definitions

  • the invention relates to a method for producing hot strip or heavy plate from a denitrified steel.
  • the invention further relates to hot strip or heavy plate made from denitrated steel.
  • thermo-mechanical treatment of steels means a controlled reshaping of the steel in a temperature range around the transformation point Ar 3 with a controlled precipitation and / or transformation of the structure at the same time.
  • thermo-mechanically treated steels When mechanically and technologically testing these steels, especially in the presence of notches in a wide temperature range above the complete brittle fracture (Charpy impact test), tears are often observed perpendicular to the fracture surface (referred to as »separation «, »splitting « or »splitting «).
  • »separation«, »splitting « or »splitting « This tendency to split the fracture surfaces of thermo-mechanically treated steels is important, for example, for the operation of long-distance pipelines because it reduces the ability of these steels to stop the propagation of tough fractures.
  • Proposals have already been made for the production of high-strength steels for long-distance pipelines, in which fracture splitting no longer occurs in the impact strength test, but all of which are associated with high alloy costs and high production costs.
  • the invention has for its object to achieve an increased impact strength, even at low temperatures (ie CVN transition temperature TÜ5 0 of at least -30 ° C) by controlling the occurrence of the separations in a hot-rolled hot strip or heavy plate.
  • the hot strip or sheet made of denitrified steel consisting of carbon 0.04 to 0.16%, manganese 1.25 to 1.90%, silicon 0.02 to 0 , 55%, phosphorus 0.004 to 0.020%, sulfur 0.002 to 0.015%, aluminum 0.02 to 0.08%, niobium 0.02 to 0.08%, balance iron and any impurities during hot rolling the last finishing stand with a temperature of Leaves 750 ° C to 820 ° C and is cooled to an intermediate temperature at a cooling rate of 2 to 10 ° C / s if the intermediate temperature is between 450 ° C and 570 ° C and then the hot strip or sheet in the reel or in the stack Air slowly cools to room temperature, creating a ferritic-pearlitic structure.
  • the method according to the invention can therefore significantly improve the usability of the steel, for example for large pipe fem lines, without the need for excessive alloy additives.
  • vanadium 0.02 to 0.10% has a particularly favorable effect on the increase in the strength properties of a steel according to the invention, since the vanadium precipitation takes place mainly in the ferrite grain and not at grain boundaries.
  • the steel has a ferritic-pearlitic structure and the ratio of C v max to C V 100 is between 1.0 and 1.3.
  • C v 100 denotes the high notch impact value (highest values) at which the samples are just showing a 100% deformation fracture.
  • C v max is the temperature-dependent value that has the highest impact value of the entire test.
  • the steel produced according to the invention has a complete absence of fracture splits in the CVN impact test (CVN-Charpy-V-Notch) while at the same time ensuring CVN transition temperatures of at least -30 ° C.
  • the steel of the composition mentioned has a reduced number of separations. Nevertheless, it still has a significantly higher notched impact strength.
  • the notched impact strength in J / cm 2 decreases with increasing number of "separations" in the fracture surfaces of the CVN samples.
  • the reason for this decrease in impact strength lies in the fact that the separations that run perpendicular to the main fracture surface and parallel to the sample surface mainly occur before they pass through the main crack, as can be seen in Figure 1, so that when the samples are bent during the Notch impact test requires less energy to initiate the necking start.
  • Such a material is obtained by maintaining an intermediate temperature of 500 to 570 ° C.
  • the intermediate temperature is 550 ° to 620 ° C
  • the temperature on the last finishing stand from 750 ° C to 850 ° C can be.
  • FIGS. 2 and 3 clearly show the advantages of reducing the number of "separations" in the impact test.
  • the notched impact strength increases on average from 150 J / cm 2 to 230 J / cm 2 for those with molybdenum, chromium or nickel alloys alloyed steels of grade X 70 (Fig. 3) and from 160 J / cm 2 to 280 J / cm 2 for niobvanadin-containing steels of grade X 70 (Fig. 2), which increases the impact strength by 53 or 75%. corresponds.
  • the temperature at which the hot strip or sheet leaves the last finishing stand during hot rolling need not be quite as narrow for a low-separation steel according to the invention as for the production of a separation-free steel.
  • a temperature range of 7 50 ° to 850 ° C is possible.
  • additions of 0.002 to 0.08 zirconium and / or 0.004 to 0.051 cerium can also be used when carrying out the new process with an intermediate temperature of 550 ° to 620 ° C.
  • composition of the steels is shown in Table 6, in which the proportions of the constituents contained in the steel are given in percent. The numbers of the melts are only used to identify the steel.
  • the steels were manufactured according to the parameters given in Table 7. In it are the initial thickness, the thickness of the rolled steel sheet, the blast furnace temperature, the final roll temperature and the temperature after cooling (reel temperature). In all cases with the exception of sheet A, the steel was wound up. The last column shows the cooling rate from the final roll temperature to the reel temperature in ° C / s. The steel then slowly cools down in the reel.
  • the mechanical-technological properties of the investigated and inventive steels are summarized in Table 8.
  • the letters “L” and “Q” characterize the position of the specimen in relation to the rolling direction, namely "L” a longitudinal specimen and “Q” a cross specimen on which the impact test was carried out.
  • the other three columns contain the usual information about the yield strength and tensile strength.
  • the ak value indicates the energy consumption of the steel at various points on the a k curve depending on the temperature.
  • C v 100 characterizes the lowest temperature at which there is still a complete deformation fracture.
  • C v max characterizes the area of maximum energy absorption, while TÜ 50 specifies the temperature at which the Charpy V impact test specimens according to DIN 50115 show 50% deformation fracture in the fracture surfaces in the transition area between brittle fracture and deformation fracture.
  • the next two columns indicate the transition temperature for the points C v 100 and TÜ 50 . It turns out that the TÜ 50 is always considerably below -30 ° C, so that high toughness is guaranteed even at low temperatures.
  • the steels are characterized by a high energy consumption.
  • the quotient C v max to C v l 00 is close to 1, namely between 1 and 1.3. All of these steels are free of tears perpendicular to the fracture surface (separations).
  • Tables 1 to 5 relate to low-separation steels according to the invention with a higher notched impact strength
  • Tables 6 to 8 characterize separation-free steels which naturally have a very high notched impact strength.

Description

Die Erfindung betrifft ein Verfahren zur Herstellung von Warmband oder Grobblech aus einem denitrierten Stahl. Die Erfindung betrifft weiterhin aus denitriertem Stahl hergestelltes Warmband oder Grobblech.The invention relates to a method for producing hot strip or heavy plate from a denitrified steel. The invention further relates to hot strip or heavy plate made from denitrated steel.

Seit längerer Zeit besteht die Forderung nach der Entwicklung von höherfesten Stählen mit guten Zähigkeitswerten, die in Form von Warmbändern oder Grobblechen beispielsweise für Großrohrfernleitungen Verwendung finden können. Zur Herstellung hat sich das kontrollierte und gesteuerte Warmwalzen als wirtschaftliches Verfahren für die Herstellung von thermo-mechanisch behandelten Warmbändern oder Grobblechen immer mehr durchgesetzt. Unter einer thermo-mechanischen Behandlung von Stählen versteht man eine kontrollierte Umformung des Stahles in einem Temperaturbereich um den Umwandlungspunkt Ar3 mit einer gleichzeitig gesteuerten Ausscheidung und/oder Umwandlung des Gefüges.For a long time there has been a demand for the development of high-strength steels with good toughness values, which can be used in the form of hot strips or heavy plates, for example for large pipelines. Controlled and controlled hot rolling has become more and more established as an economical process for the production of thermo-mechanically treated hot strips or heavy plates. A thermo-mechanical treatment of steels means a controlled reshaping of the steel in a temperature range around the transformation point Ar 3 with a controlled precipitation and / or transformation of the structure at the same time.

Es ist bekannt, denitrierten Stahl mit einer Zusammensetzung Kohlenstoff 0,04 bis 0,16%, Mangan 1,25 bis 1,90%, Silizium 0,02 bis 0,55%, Phosphor 0,004 bis 0,020%, Schwefel 0,002 bis 0,015%, Aluminium 0,02 bis 0,08%, Niob 0,02 bis 0,08%, Rest Eisen und etwaige Verunreinigungen zu benutzen. Gegebenenfalls können diesem Stahl Zusätze von Molybdän 0,015 bis 0,35%, Chrom 0,10 bis 0,30 % und/oder Nickel 0,30 bis 0,90% allein oder in Kombination zulegiert werden.It is known to denitrified steel with a composition of carbon 0.04 to 0.16%, manganese 1.25 to 1.90%, silicon 0.02 to 0.55%, phosphorus 0.004 to 0.020%, sulfur 0.002 to 0.015% , Aluminum 0.02 to 0.08%, niobium 0.02 to 0.08%, balance iron and any impurities. If necessary, additions of molybdenum 0.015 to 0.35%, chromium 0.10 to 0.30% and / or nickel 0.30 to 0.90% can be added to this steel alone or in combination.

Bei der mechanisch-technologischen Prüfung dieser Stähle, besonders in Anwesenheit von Kerben in einem breiten Temperaturbereich oberhalb des vollständigen Sprödbruchs (Charpy-Kerbschlagprobe) beobachtet man oft Aufreißungen senkrecht zur Bruchfläche (als »Separation«, »Spaltung« oder »Splitting« bezeichnet). Diese Neigung zur Aufspaltung der Bruchflächen von thermo-mechanisch behandelten Stählen ist beispielsweise für die Betreibung von Großrohr-Fernleitungen von Bedeutung, weil die Fähigkeit dieser Stähle, eine Zähbruchfortpflanzung zu stoppen, dadurch vermindert wird. Für die Herstellung von höherfesten Stählen für Großrohr-Fernleitungen, bei denen keine Bruchaufspaltungen bei der Kerbschlagzähigkeitsprüfung mehr auftreten, wurden schon Vorschläge gemacht, die jedoch alle mit hohen Legierungskosten und hohen Herstellungskosten verbunden sind. So wird beispielsweise in der DE-OS 2 653 847 empfohlen, dem Stahl Chrom- und Manganzusätze von bis zu 3,5% bzw. zu 2,5%zuzulegieren, nachdem der Stahl einer Aufstickung (Stickstoffanreicherung) auf Gehalte von 0,012% unterworfen wurde. Bei diesem Stahl wird das Warmwalzen kompliziert gestaltet. Das Walzgut wird bei Temperaturen zwischen 950°C und 1100°C einer Verformung von 30 bis 60%, einer anschließenden Unterbrechung des Walzvorganges und bei Temperaturen zwischen 700° und 900°C einer Verformung von 75 bis 95% der ursprünglichen Dicke unterworfen. Das verformte Gefüge wird schließlich in der unteren Bainitstufe umgewandelt. Das Zulegieren der Chrom- und Manganzusätze verteuert bekanntlich Stähle erheblich. Durch den komplizierten und aufwendigen Walzvorgang entstehen weiter erhöhte Herstellungskosten.When mechanically and technologically testing these steels, especially in the presence of notches in a wide temperature range above the complete brittle fracture (Charpy impact test), tears are often observed perpendicular to the fracture surface (referred to as »separation«, »splitting« or »splitting«). This tendency to split the fracture surfaces of thermo-mechanically treated steels is important, for example, for the operation of long-distance pipelines because it reduces the ability of these steels to stop the propagation of tough fractures. Proposals have already been made for the production of high-strength steels for long-distance pipelines, in which fracture splitting no longer occurs in the impact strength test, but all of which are associated with high alloy costs and high production costs. For example, in DE-OS 2 653 847 it is recommended to add chromium and manganese additions of up to 3.5% and 2.5% to the steel after the steel has been subjected to nitrogen nitriding to a content of 0.012% . Hot rolling is complicated with this steel. The rolling stock is subjected to a deformation of 30 to 60% at temperatures between 950 ° C and 1100 ° C, a subsequent interruption of the rolling process and a deformation of 75 to 95% of the original thickness at temperatures between 700 ° and 900 ° C. The deformed structure is finally transformed in the lower bainite stage. Alloying the additions of chrome and manganese is known to make steel more expensive. The complicated and complex rolling process further increases manufacturing costs.

Aus der JP-A-54-71 714 ist ein Verfahren bekannt, bei dem zur Vermeidung von Separations eine beschleunigte Abkühlung mit einer Abkühlgeschwindigkeit von 3°C/s oder mehr auf eine Zwischentemperatur erfolgt, die zwischen 500°C und 650°C liegen soll. Eine besondere Angabe über die danach folgende weitere Abkühlung des Stahls ist in der Entgegenhaltung nicht enthalten. Die Tabellen 2 und 3 dieser Entgegenhaltung zeigen Vergleichsstähle, die zwischen der Endwalztemperatur und der Zwischentemperatur normal an Luft abgekühlt sind und dort beanspruchte Stähle, die unter sonst gleichen Bedingungen in diesem Temperaturbereich eine beschleunigte Abkühlung mit einer Abkühlrate von 9°C/s bzw. 5°C erfahren haben. Die Tabelle enthält den Wert Ismax als Maß für die Anzahl der Separations. Durch die beschleunigte Abkühlung lassen sich die Separations erheblich vermindern oder gar beseitigen. Aus dem ebenfalls in der Tabelle aufgeführten Wert vEo, der ein Maß für die Kerbschlagzähigkeit ist, läßt sich weiterhin entnehmen, daß gleichzeitig die Kerbschlagzähigkeit abnimmt.From JP-A-54-71 714 a method is known in which, in order to avoid separations, there is an accelerated cooling with a cooling rate of 3 ° C / s or more to an intermediate temperature which is between 500 ° C and 650 ° C should. The document does not contain any special information about the subsequent subsequent cooling of the steel. Tables 2 and 3 of this document show comparative steels that are normally cooled in air between the final rolling temperature and the intermediate temperature and steels that are stressed there, which under otherwise identical conditions in this temperature range accelerated cooling with a cooling rate of 9 ° C / s or 5 ° C have experienced. The table contains the value Is max as a measure of the number of separations. Due to the accelerated cooling, the separations can be significantly reduced or even eliminated. From the value vEo, also shown in the table, which is a measure of the notched impact strength, it can also be seen that the notched impact strength decreases at the same time.

Der Erfindung liegt die Aufgabe zugrunde, durch eine Steuerung des Auftretens der Separations bei einem warmgewalzten Warmband oder Grobblech eine erhöhte Kerbschlagzähigkeit, auch bei niedrigen Temperaturen (d. h. CVN-Übergangstemperatur TÜ50 von mindestens -30°C), zu erreichen.The invention has for its object to achieve an increased impact strength, even at low temperatures (ie CVN transition temperature TÜ5 0 of at least -30 ° C) by controlling the occurrence of the separations in a hot-rolled hot strip or heavy plate.

Diese Aufgabe wird erfindungsgemäß mit einem Verfahren der eingangs erwähnten Art gelöst, bei dem das Warmband oder Blech aus denitriertem Stahl bestehend aus Kohlenstoff 0,04 bis 0,16%, Mangan 1,25 bis 1,90%, Silizium 0,02 bis 0,55%, Phosphor 0,004 bis 0,020%, Schwefel 0,002 bis 0,015%, Aluminium 0,02 bis 0,08%, Niob 0,02 bis 0,08%, Rest Eisen und etwaige Verunreinigungen beim Warmwalzen das letzte Fertiggerüst mit einer Temperatur von 750°C bis 820°C verläßt und mit einer Abkühlgeschwindigkeit von 2 bis 10°C/s auf eine Zwischentemperatur abgekühlt wird, wenn die Zwischentemperatur zwischen 450°C und 570°C liegt und das Warmband oder Blech danach im Haspel oder im Stapel an Luft langsam auf Raumtemperatur abkühlt, wodurch ein ferritisch-perlitisches Gefüge erzeugt wird.This object is achieved according to the invention with a method of the type mentioned at the outset, in which the hot strip or sheet made of denitrified steel consisting of carbon 0.04 to 0.16%, manganese 1.25 to 1.90%, silicon 0.02 to 0 , 55%, phosphorus 0.004 to 0.020%, sulfur 0.002 to 0.015%, aluminum 0.02 to 0.08%, niobium 0.02 to 0.08%, balance iron and any impurities during hot rolling the last finishing stand with a temperature of Leaves 750 ° C to 820 ° C and is cooled to an intermediate temperature at a cooling rate of 2 to 10 ° C / s if the intermediate temperature is between 450 ° C and 570 ° C and then the hot strip or sheet in the reel or in the stack Air slowly cools to room temperature, creating a ferritic-pearlitic structure.

Überraschenderweise hat sich herausgestellt, daß nur bei der Einhaltung des beschriebenen, relativ einfachen Warmwalzvorganges der genannte Stahl eine bedeutende Verminderung der Bruchaufspaltungen in den CVN-Kerbschlagproben (CVN-Charpy-V-Notch) bei CVN-Übergangstemperaturen von mindestens ­30°C und damit eine erheblich erhöhte Kerbschlagzähigkeit zeigt.Surprisingly, it has been found that only if the described, relatively simple hot rolling process is followed does the steel mentioned significantly reduce the fracture splitting in the CVN impact test (CVN-Charpy-V-Notch) at CVN transition temperatures of at least 30 ° C and thus one shows significantly increased impact strength.

Durch das erfindungsgemäße Verfahren kann also ohne die Notwendigkeit von überhöhten Legierungszusätzen die Brauchbarkeit des Stahls, beispielsweise für Großrohr-Femleitungen, erheblich verbessert werden.The method according to the invention can therefore significantly improve the usability of the steel, for example for large pipe fem lines, without the need for excessive alloy additives.

Es hat sich herausgestellt, daß eine Zugabe von Vanadin 0,02 bis 0,10%sich besonders günstig auf die Erhöhung der Festigkeitseigenschaften eines erfindungsgemäßen Stahls auswirkt, da die Vanadin-Ausscheidungen hauptsächlich im Ferritkorn und nicht an Korngrenzen stattfindet.It has been found that the addition of vanadium 0.02 to 0.10% has a particularly favorable effect on the increase in the strength properties of a steel according to the invention, since the vanadium precipitation takes place mainly in the ferrite grain and not at grain boundaries.

Wenn eine Zwischentemperatur von 450°C bis 500°C eingehalten wird, läßt sich die Entstehung von Separationen vollständig vermeiden. Der Stahl weist ein ferritisch-perlitisches Gefüge auf und das Verhältnis von Cvmax zu CV100 liegt zwischen 1,0 und 1,3. Dabei bezeichnet Cv100 die Kerbschlaghochlage (höchste Werte), bei der die Proben noch gerade einen 100%igen Verformungsbruch aufweisen.If an intermediate temperature of 450 ° C to 500 ° C is maintained, the formation of separations can be completely avoided. The steel has a ferritic-pearlitic structure and the ratio of C v max to C V 100 is between 1.0 and 1.3. C v 100 denotes the high notch impact value (highest values) at which the samples are just showing a 100% deformation fracture.

Cvmax ist der Wert in Abhängigkeit von der Temperatur, der den höchsten Kerbschlagzähigkeitswert der gesamten Prüfung aufweist. Der erfindungsgemäß hergestellte Stahl weist ein völliges Fehlen von Bruchaufspaltungen in den CVN-Kerbschlagproben (CVN-Charpy-V-Notch) bei gleichzeitiger Gewährleistung von CVN-Übergangstemperaturen von mindestens -30°C auf.C v max is the temperature-dependent value that has the highest impact value of the entire test. The steel produced according to the invention has a complete absence of fracture splits in the CVN impact test (CVN-Charpy-V-Notch) while at the same time ensuring CVN transition temperatures of at least -30 ° C.

Bei der Einhaltung einer Zwischentemperatur von 500°C bis 570°C weist der Stahl der genannten Zusammensetzung eine verringerte Anzahl von Separationen auf. Trotzdem weist er noch eine wesentlich erhöhte Kerbschlagzähigkeit auf. Bei der Kerbschlagzähigkeitsprüfung von mit Separationen behaftetem Warmband und/oder Blech hat sich gezeigt, daß mit zunehmender Anzahl von »Separations« in den Bruchflächen der CVN-Proben die Kerbschlagzähigkeit in J/cm2 abnimmt. Der Grund für diese Abnahme der Kerbschlagzähigkeit liegt in der Tatsache, daß die Separationen, die senkrecht zur Hauptbruchfläche und parallel zur Probenoberfläche verlaufen, hauptsächlich vor dem Durchlaufen des Hauptrisses entstehen, wie dies aus Bild 1 ersichtlich ist, so daß beim Biegen der Proben während der Kerbschlagprüfung eine geringere Energie für die Einleitung des Einschnürbeginns benötigt wird. Dies ist insofern von Bedeutung, als bei der Erzeugung von Warmbändern bzw. Blechen nicht immer »separationsfreies« Material mit höchsten Kerbschlagzähigkeitswerten gefordert wird, so daß auch Material mit etwas geringerer Anzahl von »Separationen«, jedoch mit erhöhter Kerbschlagzähigkeit Anwendung findet.If an intermediate temperature of 500 ° C to 570 ° C is maintained, the steel of the composition mentioned has a reduced number of separations. Nevertheless, it still has a significantly higher notched impact strength. When testing the notched impact strength of hot strip and / or sheet metal with separations, it was found that the notched impact strength in J / cm 2 decreases with increasing number of "separations" in the fracture surfaces of the CVN samples. The reason for this decrease in impact strength lies in the fact that the separations that run perpendicular to the main fracture surface and parallel to the sample surface mainly occur before they pass through the main crack, as can be seen in Figure 1, so that when the samples are bent during the Notch impact test requires less energy to initiate the necking start. This is of importance insofar as the production of hot strips or sheets does not always require "separation-free" material with the highest notched impact strength values, so that material with a somewhat smaller number of "separations" but with increased notched impact strength is also used.

Ein derartiges Material wird mit der Einhaltung einer Zwischentemperatur von 500 bis 570°C erhalten.Such a material is obtained by maintaining an intermediate temperature of 500 to 570 ° C.

Bei der Verwendung eines Stahls mit Zusätzen von Molybdän von 0,15 bis 0,35%, von Chrom von 0,10 bis 0,35% und/oder von Nickel von 0,30 bis 0,90%allein oder in Kombination reichen zur Erzeugung eines »separationsfreien« Materials unter Beibehaltung derselben Abkühlbedingungen von 2° bis 10°C/s auch Zwischentemperaturen von 550°C aus, so daß die Abkühlung nur auf diese Temperatur erfolgen muß.When using a steel with additions of molybdenum from 0.15 to 0.35%, chromium from 0.10 to 0.35% and / or nickel from 0.30 to 0.90% alone or in combination are sufficient Generation of a "separation-free" material while maintaining the same cooling conditions of 2 ° to 10 ° C / s and intermediate temperatures of 550 ° C, so that the cooling only has to take place at this temperature.

Zur Herstellung eines Stahls mit den Zulegierungen, der eine verringerte Anzahl von Separationen aber eine erhöhte Kerbschlagzähigkeit aufweist, ist es ausreichend, wenn die Zwischentemperatur 550° bis 620°C beträgt, wobei die Temperatur am letzten Fertiggerüst von 750°C bis zu 850°C betragen kann.To produce a steel with the alloys, which has a reduced number of separations but an increased impact strength, it is sufficient if the intermediate temperature is 550 ° to 620 ° C, the temperature on the last finishing stand from 750 ° C to 850 ° C can be.

Welche Vorteile eine Reduzierung der Anzahl von »Separationen« bei der Kerbschlagprüfung mit sich bringt, geht aus den Bildern 2 und 3 eindeutig hervor.Figures 2 and 3 clearly show the advantages of reducing the number of "separations" in the impact test.

Nimmt z. B. das Verhältnis Cvmax zu Cv100 von rund 2,0 auf Werte von 1,3 ab, dann steigt die Kerbschlagzähigkeit im Durchschnitt von 150 J/cm2 auf 230 J/cm2 bei den mit Molybdän-, Chrom- oder Nickelzusätzen legierten Stählen der Güte X 70 (Bild 3) und von 160 J/cm2 auf 280 J/cm2 bei den niobvanadinhaltigen Stählen der Güte X 70 an (Bild 2), was einer Steigerung der Kerbschlagzähigkeit von 53 bzw. 75% entspricht.Takes z. For example, if the ratio C v max to C v 100 decreases from around 2.0 to values of 1.3, the notched impact strength increases on average from 150 J / cm 2 to 230 J / cm 2 for those with molybdenum, chromium or nickel alloys alloyed steels of grade X 70 (Fig. 3) and from 160 J / cm 2 to 280 J / cm 2 for niobvanadin-containing steels of grade X 70 (Fig. 2), which increases the impact strength by 53 or 75%. corresponds.

Die Darstellung der Kerbschlagzähigkeit als Funktion des Verhältnisses Cvmax zu Cv 100 wurde deshalb für die Bilder 2 und 3 gewählt, weil das Verhältnis von Cvmax zu Cv100 empfindlicher auf die Anzahl der Separationen reagiert als alle anderen Parameter.The representation of the notched impact strength as a function of the ratio C v max to C v 100 was chosen for Figures 2 and 3 because the ratio of C v max to C v 100 is more sensitive to the number of separations than all other parameters.

Im Sauerstoffaufblaskonverter wurden die Stähle der Tabelle 1 und 2 erschmolzen und gemäß den Bedingungen der Tabellen 3, 4 und 5 zu Warmbändern bzw. Grobblechen gewalzt und geprüft.The steels in Tables 1 and 2 were melted in an oxygen-blowing converter and rolled and tested into hot strips or heavy plates in accordance with the conditions in Tables 3, 4 and 5.

Die ermittelten Ergebnisse, die zusätzlich in den Bildern 4 und 5 bzw. 6 und 7 dargestellt sind, zeigen, daß ein deutlicher Kerbschlagzähigkeitsanstieg gegenüber den herkömmlich gefertigten mikrolegierten Vergleichsstählen erzielt wurde.The results obtained, which are additionally shown in Figures 4 and 5 or 6 and 7, show that a significant increase in notched impact strength was achieved compared to the conventionally produced microalloyed comparative steels.

Es wurde festgestellt, daß die Temperatur, mit der das Warmband oder Blech beim Warmwalzen das letzte Fertiggerüst verläßt, bei einem separationsarmen Stahl gemäß der Erfindung nicht ganz so eng zu sein braucht wie bei der Herstellung eines separationsfreien Stahls. Ein Temperaturbereich von 7 50° bis 850°C ist möglich.It has been found that the temperature at which the hot strip or sheet leaves the last finishing stand during hot rolling need not be quite as narrow for a low-separation steel according to the invention as for the production of a separation-free steel. A temperature range of 7 50 ° to 850 ° C is possible.

Erfindungsgemäß können bei Durchführung des neuen Verfahrens mit einer Zwischentemperatur von 550° bis 620°C auch noch Zusätze von 0,002 bis 0,08 Zirkon und/oder 0,004 bis 0,051 Cer verwendet werden.According to the invention, additions of 0.002 to 0.08 zirconium and / or 0.004 to 0.051 cerium can also be used when carrying out the new process with an intermediate temperature of 550 ° to 620 ° C.

Zur Herstellung von separationsfreien Stählen gemäß Anspruch 3 oder Anspruch 7 wurden Versuche an elf Stahlsorten mit verschiedenen Kohlenstoffgehalten und Kombinationen von Mikrolegierungszusätzen an Niob, Vanadin, Nickel und Chrom durchgeführt.For the production of separation-free steels according to claim 3 or claim 7, tests were carried out on eleven types of steel with different carbon contents and combinations of microalloy additives on niobium, vanadium, nickel and chromium.

Die Zusammensetzung der Stähle ist der Tabelle 6 zu entnehmen, in der die Anteile der im Stahl enthaltenen Bestandteile in Prozent angegeben sind. Die Nummern der Schmelzen dienen lediglich zur Identifizierung des Stahls.The composition of the steels is shown in Table 6, in which the proportions of the constituents contained in the steel are given in percent. The numbers of the melts are only used to identify the steel.

Die Stähle wurden gemäß der in Tabelle 7 angegebenen Parameter hergestellt. Darin sind die Ausgangsdicke, die Dicke des gewalzten Stahlbleches, die Stoßofentemperatur, die Walzendtemperatur und die Temperatur nach der Abkühlung (Haspeltemperatur) angegeben. In allen Fällen mit Ausnahme des Bleches A wurde der Stahl aufgehaspelt. Die letzte Spalte gibt die Abkühlgeschwindigkeit von der Walzendtemperatur zur Haspeltemperatur in °C/s an. Im Haspel kühlt der Stahl dann langsam ab.The steels were manufactured according to the parameters given in Table 7. In it are the initial thickness, the thickness of the rolled steel sheet, the blast furnace temperature, the final roll temperature and the temperature after cooling (reel temperature). In all cases with the exception of sheet A, the steel was wound up. The last column shows the cooling rate from the final roll temperature to the reel temperature in ° C / s. The steel then slowly cools down in the reel.

Die mechanisch-technologischen Eigenschaften der untersuchten und erfindungsgemäßen Stähle sind in der Tabelle 8 zusammengefaßt. Die Buchstaben »L« und »Q« charakterisieren die Probenlage in bezug auf die Walzrichtung, nämlich »L« eine Längsprobe und »Q« eine Querprobe, an der die Kerbschlagprobe vorgenommen worden ist. Die weiteren drei Spalten enthalten die üblichen Angaben zur Streckgrenze und zur Zugfestigkeit. Der ak-Wert gibt die Energieaufnahme des Stahls bei verschiedenen Punkten der ak-Kurve in Abhängigkeit von der Temperatur an. Cv100 charakterisiert die tiefste Temperatur, bei der noch ein vollständiger Verformungsbruch einsetzt. Cvmax charakterisiert den Bereich der maximalen Energieaufnahme, während TÜ50 die Temperatur angibt, in der im Übergangsbereich zwischen Sprödbruch und Verformungsbruch die Charpy-V-Kerbschlagproben nach DIN 50115 50% Verformungsbruch in den Bruchflächen zeigen.The mechanical-technological properties of the investigated and inventive steels are summarized in Table 8. The letters "L" and "Q" characterize the position of the specimen in relation to the rolling direction, namely "L" a longitudinal specimen and "Q" a cross specimen on which the impact test was carried out. The other three columns contain the usual information about the yield strength and tensile strength. The ak value indicates the energy consumption of the steel at various points on the a k curve depending on the temperature. C v 100 characterizes the lowest temperature at which there is still a complete deformation fracture. C v max characterizes the area of maximum energy absorption, while TÜ 50 specifies the temperature at which the Charpy V impact test specimens according to DIN 50115 show 50% deformation fracture in the fracture surfaces in the transition area between brittle fracture and deformation fracture.

Die nächsten beiden Spalten geben die Übergangstemperatur für die Punkte Cv100 und TÜ50 an. Es zeigt sich, daß die TÜ50 immer beträchtlich unter-30°C liegt, so daß eine hohe Zähigkeit auch bei tiefen Temperaturen gewährleistet ist. Die Stähle zeichnen sich durch eine hohe Energieaufnahme aus. Bei den erfindungsgemäßen separationsfreien Stählen liegt der Quotient Cvmax zu Cvl 00 bei nahe 1, nämlich zwischen 1 und 1,3. Alle diese Stähle sind frei von Aufreißungen senkrecht zur Bruchfläche (separations).The next two columns indicate the transition temperature for the points C v 100 and TÜ 50 . It turns out that the TÜ 50 is always considerably below -30 ° C, so that high toughness is guaranteed even at low temperatures. The steels are characterized by a high energy consumption. In the separation-free steels according to the invention, the quotient C v max to C v l 00 is close to 1, namely between 1 and 1.3. All of these steels are free of tears perpendicular to the fracture surface (separations).

Während also die Tabellen 1 bis 5 erfindungsgemäße separationsarme Stähle mit einer höheren Kerbschlagzähigkeit betreffen, charakterisieren die Tabellen 6 bis 8 separationsfreie Stähle, die naturgemäß eine sehr hohe Kerbschlagzähigkeit aufweisen.

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Thus, while Tables 1 to 5 relate to low-separation steels according to the invention with a higher notched impact strength, Tables 6 to 8 characterize separation-free steels which naturally have a very high notched impact strength.
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Claims (11)

1. A method for the production of thermo-mechanically treated hot strips or heavy plates, wherein a substantial deformation of the steel is performed in a temperature range around the transformation point Ar3, from a denitrated steel composed of 0.04 to 0.16%carbon, 1.25 to 1.90%manganese, 0.02 to 0.55% silicon, 0.004 to 0.020% phosphorous, 0.002 to 0.015% sulfur, 0.02 to 0.08% aluminium, 0.02 to 0.08% niobium, the remainder iron and possibly contaminants, wherein said steel is subjected to a hotrolling operation in which the hot strip or plate leaves the last finishing stand with a temperature of 750°C to 820°C and is cooled at a rate of 2°C to 10°C per second to an intermediate temperature, characterized in that said intermediate temperature lies between 450°C and 570°C and said hot strips or plates are then slowly cooled in air to room temperature in a coil or in a pile, whereby a ferritic-pearlitic structure is produced.
2. A method according to claim 1, wherein the steel is alloyed with 0.02 to 0.10% additions of vanadium.
3. A method according to claim 1 or 2, wherein the intermediate temperature lies between 450°C and 500°C.
4. A method according to claim 1 or 2, wherein the intermediate temperature lies between 500°C and 570°C.
5. A method for the production of thermo-mechanically treated hot strips or heavy plates, wherein a substantial deformation of the steel is performed in a temperature range around the transformation point Ar3, from a denitrated steel composed of 0.04 to 0.16%carbon, 1.25 to 1.90%manganese, 0.02 to 0.55% silicon, 0.004 to 0.020% phosphorous, 0.002 to 0.015% sulfur, 0.02 to 0.08% aluminium, 0.02 to 0.08% niobium, as well as additions of 0.15 to 0.35% molybdenum, 0.10 to 0.30% chromium and/or 0.30 to 0.90% nickel, alone or in combination, the remainder iron and possibly contaminants, wherein said steel is subjected to a hot-rolling operation in which the hot strip or plate leaves the last finishing stand with a temperature of 750°C to 850°C and is cooled at a rate of 2°C to 10°C per second to an intermediate temperature, characterized in that said intermediate temperature lies between 450°C and 620°C, and that said hot strips or plates are then slowly cooled in air to room temperature in a coil or in a pile whereby a ferritic-pearlitic structure is produced.
6. A method according to claim 5, wherein the steel is alloyed with 0.02 to 0.10%additions of vanadium.
7. A method according to claim 5 or 6, wherein the intermediate temperature lies between 450°C and 550°C and the hot strip or plate leaves the last finishing stand of rolls at a temperature of 750°C to 820°C.
8. A method according to claim 5 or 6, wherein the intermediate temperature lies between 550°C and 620°C.
9. A method according to claim 8, wherein the steel includes an addition of 0.002 to 0.08%zirconium.
10. A method according to claim 8 or 9, wherein the steel includes an addition of 0.004 to 0.051 % cerium.
11. Hot strips or heavy plates manufactured according to the method of one of the claims 1 to 10.
EP80107296A 1979-12-06 1980-11-22 Hot rolled strip or plate of denitrided steel and process for its production Expired EP0030309B1 (en)

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