EP0028376A1 - Electric arc cooling device for switch-gear vents - Google Patents

Electric arc cooling device for switch-gear vents Download PDF

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Publication number
EP0028376A1
EP0028376A1 EP80106532A EP80106532A EP0028376A1 EP 0028376 A1 EP0028376 A1 EP 0028376A1 EP 80106532 A EP80106532 A EP 80106532A EP 80106532 A EP80106532 A EP 80106532A EP 0028376 A1 EP0028376 A1 EP 0028376A1
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EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
cells
cooling device
section
electric arc
cooling
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Granted
Application number
EP80106532A
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German (de)
French (fr)
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EP0028376B1 (en
Inventor
Jean-Philippe Gelez
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Alstom SA
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Alsthom Atlantique SA
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Publication date
Application filed by Alsthom Atlantique SA filed Critical Alsthom Atlantique SA
Publication of EP0028376A1 publication Critical patent/EP0028376A1/en
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Publication of EP0028376B1 publication Critical patent/EP0028376B1/en
Expired legal-status Critical Current

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    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01H—ELECTRIC SWITCHES; RELAYS; SELECTORS; EMERGENCY PROTECTIVE DEVICES
    • H01H33/00—High-tension or heavy-current switches with arc-extinguishing or arc-preventing means
    • H01H33/02—Details
    • H01H33/04—Means for extinguishing or preventing arc between current-carrying parts
    • H01H33/08—Stationary parts for restricting or subdividing the arc, e.g. barrier plate

Definitions

  • the cooling device must be of good efficiency, that is to say that the gases which leave it must be at the lowest possible temperature in order to minimize the safety space which must always be provided in front of the chimney. .
  • the blocks were made of a plastic, thermo-plastic or refractory material.
  • the cylindrical holes are relatively small in section and this results in a significant pressure drop in the plasma flow and moreover the contact surface between the gases and the insulating parts necessary for cooling is necessarily scaled down.
  • the arc extinguishing chambers comprising thick added cell partitions and secured by means of screws and whose dimensions are bulky.
  • the cooling device according to the present invention overcomes these drawbacks. In this one, in fact, the plasma flow is easy although its cooling is made more efficient and the size of the device is reduced to a minimum.
  • the present invention relates to an electric arc cooling device for chimneys of switching devices comprising at least one block, the section of which is crossed by cells. characterized in that the partitions of said cells are of a thickness less than or equal to one fifth of one of the dimensions on the side of the section of said cell.
  • FIG. 1 represents a schematic perspective view of a cooling element with square cells constituting or belonging to a device according to the invention.
  • FIG. 2 represents a schematic perspective view of a cooling element with triangular cells.
  • Figure 3 shows a schematic perspective view of a cooling element with hexagonal cells.
  • Figure 4 a cross section of two cooling elements aligned and separated by an interval.
  • Figure 5 is a cross section of two offset cooling elements separated by an interval.
  • FIG. 1 we see a cooling element 1 of refractory material such as ceramic consisting of cells 2 in the form of squares, separated by partitions 3 of very thin thickness, for example, 6/10 of a millimeter.
  • the cells 2 have for example 34/10 of a millimeter on the side.
  • the dimensions of the thickness of the partitions 3 are in a ratio of less than 0.2 with the dimensions of the side of the cell 2.
  • the elements are able to withstand without deterioration the passage of the electric arc which is several thousand degrees centigrade and to absorb the major part of the heat energy of this arc. Due to the small thickness of the partitions 3 and the large section of the cells 2, the plasma flows without significant pressure drop. Indeed in our example for an element 1 of 12x50 square millimeters of section the total surface of the cells 2 is approximately 400 square millimeters.
  • the applications are in the field of DC or AC circuit breakers which can be used in particular in railway technology.

Landscapes

  • Arc-Extinguishing Devices That Are Switches (AREA)
  • Vertical, Hearth, Or Arc Furnaces (AREA)

Abstract

L'élément de refroidissement (1) en céramique comporte des alvéoles (2) traversant celui-ci de part en part et dont les cloisons (3) sont d'une épaisseur faible vis-à-vis d'un des côtés de la section dudit alvéole (2).The ceramic cooling element (1) has cells (2) passing right through it and the partitions (3) of which are thin vis-à-vis one of the sides of the section of said cell (2).

Description

La présente invention concerne un dispositif de refroidissement d'arc électrique pour cheminées d'appareils de coupure tels que des disjoncteurs ou des contacteurs utilisés pour les courants forts.The present invention relates to an electric arc cooling device for chimneys of breaking devices such as circuit breakers or contactors used for high currents.

Dans ce type d'appareils il est connu de souffler l'arc électrique produit lors de la coupure entre des contacts par un champ magnétique afin de le diriger dans la direction d'une cheminée pouvant être en forme de tronc de pyramide terminée par un dispositif de refroidissement. Cette cheminée a pour but d'allonger l'arc électrique et de refroidir les gaz ionisés à haute température de l'arc pour que la conductance diminue jusqu'à provoquer l'extinction.In this type of apparatus it is known to blow the electric arc produced during the cutting between contacts by a magnetic field in order to direct it in the direction of a chimney which can be in the form of a trunk of pyramid terminated by a device. cooling. The purpose of this chimney is to lengthen the electric arc and to cool the ionized gases at high temperature of the arc so that the conductance decreases until causing extinction.

Le dispositif de refroidissement doit être de bonne efficacité c'est-à-dire que les gaz qui en sortent doivent être à une température la plus basse possible afin de diminuer au maximum l'espace de sécurité qu'il faut toujours prévoir devant la cheminée. Il existe de nombreux dispositifs de refroidissement ; certains sont réalisés en forme de blocs percés de part en part par une pluralité de trous circulaires aptes à permettre le passage du plasma. Les blocs étaient réalisés dans une matière isolante plastique, thermo-plastique ou en matériau réfractaire. Cependant du fait du perçage des blocs réfractaires les trous cylindriques sont relativement de faible section et il en résulte une perte de charge importante dans l'écoulement du plasma et de plus la surface de contact entre les gaz et les parties isolantes nécessaires au refroidissement est forcément réduite. Dans d'autres dispositifs, les chambres d'extinction d'arc comportant des cloisons d'alvéoles rapportées épaisses et assujetties au moyen de vis et dont les dimensions sont encombrantes.The cooling device must be of good efficiency, that is to say that the gases which leave it must be at the lowest possible temperature in order to minimize the safety space which must always be provided in front of the chimney. . There are many cooling devices; some are made in the form of blocks drilled right through by a plurality of circular holes suitable for allowing the passage of plasma. The blocks were made of a plastic, thermo-plastic or refractory material. However due to the drilling of the refractory blocks the cylindrical holes are relatively small in section and this results in a significant pressure drop in the plasma flow and moreover the contact surface between the gases and the insulating parts necessary for cooling is necessarily scaled down. In other devices, the arc extinguishing chambers comprising thick added cell partitions and secured by means of screws and whose dimensions are bulky.

Le dispositif de refroidisssement selon la présente invention remédie à ces inconvénients. Dans celui-ci en effet l'écoulement du plasma est aisé bien que son refroidissement soit rendu plus efficace et l'encombrement du dispositif est réduit au minimum.The cooling device according to the present invention overcomes these drawbacks. In this one, in fact, the plasma flow is easy although its cooling is made more efficient and the size of the device is reduced to a minimum.

La présente invention a pour objet un dispositif de refroidissement d'arc électrique pour cheminées d'appareils de coupure comportant au moins un bloc dont la section est traversée par des alvéoles caractérisé en ce que les cloisons desdits alvéoles sont d'une épaisseur inférieure ou égale au cinquième d'une des dimensions du côté de la section dudit alvéole.The present invention relates to an electric arc cooling device for chimneys of switching devices comprising at least one block, the section of which is crossed by cells. characterized in that the partitions of said cells are of a thickness less than or equal to one fifth of one of the dimensions on the side of the section of said cell.

Un exemple de mise en oeuvre de la présente invention donné à titre purement illustratif et nullement limitatif va être décrit en référence au dessin annexé dans lequel la figure 1 représente une vue en perspective schématique d'un élément de refroidissement à alvéoles carrés constituant ou appartenant à un dispositif selon l'invention.An example of implementation of the present invention given purely by way of illustration and in no way limiting will be described with reference to the appended drawing in which FIG. 1 represents a schematic perspective view of a cooling element with square cells constituting or belonging to a device according to the invention.

La figure 2 représente une vue en perspective schématique d'un élément de refroidissement à alvéoles triangulaires.FIG. 2 represents a schematic perspective view of a cooling element with triangular cells.

La figure 3 représente une vue en perspective schématique d'un élément de refroidissement à alvéoles hexagonaux.Figure 3 shows a schematic perspective view of a cooling element with hexagonal cells.

La figure 4 une coupe transversale de deux éléments de refroidissement alignés et séparés par un intervalle.Figure 4 a cross section of two cooling elements aligned and separated by an interval.

La figure 5 une coupe transversale de deux éléments de refroidissement décalés séparés par un intervalle.Figure 5 is a cross section of two offset cooling elements separated by an interval.

Sur la figure 1 on voit un élément de refroidissement 1 en matériau réfractaire telle que la céramique constitué d'alvéoles 2 en forme de carrés, séparés par des cloisons 3 d'épaisseur très fine, par exemple, de 6/10 de millimètre. Les alvéoles 2 ont par exemple 34/10 de millimètre de côté. Ainsi les dimensions de l'épaisseur des cloisons 3 sont dans un rapport inférieur à 0,2 avec les dimensions du côté de l'alvéole 2.In Figure 1 we see a cooling element 1 of refractory material such as ceramic consisting of cells 2 in the form of squares, separated by partitions 3 of very thin thickness, for example, 6/10 of a millimeter. The cells 2 have for example 34/10 of a millimeter on the side. Thus the dimensions of the thickness of the partitions 3 are in a ratio of less than 0.2 with the dimensions of the side of the cell 2.

Les éléments sont aptes à supporter sans détérioration le passage de l'arc électrique qui est à plusieurs milliers de degrés centigrade et à absorber la majeure partie de l'énergie calorifique de cet arc. Du fait de la faible épaisseur des cloisons 3 et de la grande section des alvéoles 2 le plasma s'écoule sans perte de charge importante. En effet dans notre exemple pour un élément 1 de 12x50 millimètres carrés de section la surface totale des alvéoles 2 est d'environ 400 millimètres carrés.The elements are able to withstand without deterioration the passage of the electric arc which is several thousand degrees centigrade and to absorb the major part of the heat energy of this arc. Due to the small thickness of the partitions 3 and the large section of the cells 2, the plasma flows without significant pressure drop. Indeed in our example for an element 1 of 12x50 square millimeters of section the total surface of the cells 2 is approximately 400 square millimeters.

Les alvéoles 2 peuvent être de forme triangulaire (figure 2) ou hexagonale (figure 3) pourvu que les cloisons 3 soient minces et l'espace vide important ; l'élément 1 de refroidissement peut être de section rectangulaire ou hexagonale.The cells 2 can be triangular (Figure 2) or hexagonal (Figure 3) provided that the partitions 3 are thin and large void space; the cooling element 1 can be of rectangular or hexagonal section.

Si la température mesurée au thermocouple à l'extrémité d'une cheminée sans élément de refroidissement 1 était d'une unité, cette température n'était plus que de 1/8 lorsqu'un élément de refroidissement 1 de longueur L (pouvant être de 30 millimètres) était disposé à la sortie de la cheminée.If the temperature measured at the thermocouple at the end of a chimney without cooling element 1 was one unit, this temperature was only 1/8 when a cooling element 1 of length L (possibly of 30 millimeters) was placed at the exit of the chimney.

Sur la figure 4 on voit deux éléments de refroidissement 10 et 20 de longeur L/2 chacun, disposés à la suite l'un de l'autre selon le même axe avec un espace 30 de 1 centimètre par exemple entre les deux. Dans ce cas la température mesurée après le deuxième élément n'est plus que de 1/32.In Figure 4 we see two cooling elements 10 and 20 of length L / 2 each, arranged one after the other along the same axis with a space 30 of 1 cm for example between the two. In this case the temperature measured after the second element is no more than 1/32.

Sur la figure 5 on voit deux éléments de refroidissement 10 et 20 de longueur L/2 chacun séparés par un espace 30 et disposés à la suite l'un de l'autre mais décalés de telle sorte que les cloisons 3 du deuxième élément sont disposés dans l'alignement du centre des alvéoles du premier élément. Dans ce cas la température mesurée n'est que de 1/64ième de la température sans dispositif de refroidissement.In Figure 5 we see two cooling elements 10 and 20 of length L / 2 each separated by a space 30 and arranged one after the other but offset so that the partitions 3 of the second element are arranged in alignment with the center of the cells of the first element. In this case, the measured temperature is only 1/64 th of the temperature without a cooling device.

Les dispositifs de refroidissement de l'invention installés dans la cheminée d'un disjoncteur ou d'un contacteur pouvant fonctionner à des tensions de 3000 volts et des courants de plusieurs milliers d'ampères permettent de réduire considérablement l'encombrement de ces appareils ainsi que l'espace de sécurité à l'avant de la cheminée.The cooling devices of the invention installed in the chimney of a circuit breaker or a contactor capable of operating at voltages of 3000 volts and currents of several thousand amperes make it possible to considerably reduce the size of these devices as well as the safety space at the front of the chimney.

Les applications sont du domaine des disjoncteurs à courant continu ou alternatif pouvant être utilisés notamment dans la technique ferroviaire.The applications are in the field of DC or AC circuit breakers which can be used in particular in railway technology.

Claims (4)

1/ Dispositif de refroidissement d'arc électrique pour cheminées d'appareils de coupure comportant au moins un bloc réfractaire (1) en céramique dont la section est traversée par des alvéoles (2), caractérisé en ce que les cloisons (3) desdits alvéoles (2) sont d'une épaisseur inférieure ou égale au cinquième d'une des dimensions du côté de la section dudit alvéole (2).1 / Electric arc cooling device for chimneys of breaking devices comprising at least one refractory block (1) made of ceramic, the section of which is crossed by cells (2), characterized in that the partitions (3) of said cells (2) are of a thickness less than or equal to one-fifth of one of the dimensions on the section side of said cell (2). 2/ Dispositif de refroidissement selon la revendication 1, caractérisé par le fait que la section des alvéoles (2) est carrée.2 / A cooling device according to claim 1, characterized in that the section of the cells (2) is square. 3/ Dispositif de refroidissement selon la revendication 1, caractérisé par le fait que la section des alvéoles (2) est triangulaire.3 / A cooling device according to claim 1, characterized in that the section of the cells (2) is triangular. 4/ Dispositif de refroidissement selon la revendication 1, caractérisé par le fait que la section des alvéoles est hexagonale.4 / A cooling device according to claim 1, characterized in that the section of the cells is hexagonal.
EP80106532A 1979-10-31 1980-10-24 Electric arc cooling device for switch-gear vents Expired EP0028376B1 (en)

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
FR7927013 1979-10-31
FR7927013A FR2468987A1 (en) 1979-10-31 1979-10-31 ELECTRIC ARC COOLING DEVICE FOR CHIMNEYS OF CUTTING DEVICES

Publications (2)

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EP0028376A1 true EP0028376A1 (en) 1981-05-13
EP0028376B1 EP0028376B1 (en) 1985-01-09

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EP80106532A Expired EP0028376B1 (en) 1979-10-31 1980-10-24 Electric arc cooling device for switch-gear vents

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US (1) US4414446A (en)
EP (1) EP0028376B1 (en)
DE (1) DE3069949D1 (en)
FR (1) FR2468987A1 (en)

Families Citing this family (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
WO2020261429A1 (en) * 2019-06-26 2020-12-30 三菱電機株式会社 Air circuit breaker

Citations (7)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
FR961290A (en) * 1950-05-09
FR1160990A (en) * 1955-11-30 1958-08-18 Bbc Brown Boveri & Cie Arrangement of extinguishing chimneys for power circuit breakers
DE1040103B (en) * 1957-03-20 1958-10-02 Wissenschaftlich Tech Buero Fu Erase insert for electrical switchgear
FR1165481A (en) * 1955-11-10 1958-10-27 Licentia Gmbh Arc chamber for high power direct currents, in particular for fast switches with nominal voltage up to 3,000 volts
FR1396822A (en) * 1963-06-01 1965-04-23 Stotz Kontakt Gmbh Automatic installation circuit breaker
FR1544434A (en) * 1966-11-14 1968-10-31 Gen Electric Arc Blast Box Electrical Circuit Breaker
US4019005A (en) * 1974-12-30 1977-04-19 I-T-E Imperial Corporation Multi-pole circuit breaker with baffle shield venting

Family Cites Families (6)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
FR745721A (en) * 1931-10-19 1933-05-13
US2362798A (en) * 1942-06-30 1944-11-14 Gen Electric Electric switchgear
FR895927A (en) * 1943-04-08 1945-02-07 Delle Atel Const Electr Gas exhaust device for self-blowing circuit breakers
GB568967A (en) * 1943-11-05 1945-04-27 David Reginald Davies Improvements in and relating to gas blast electric switches or circuit breakers
NL72730C (en) * 1946-07-29
GB776747A (en) * 1954-03-16 1957-06-12 Reyrolle A & Co Ltd Improvements relating to high-voltage electric circuit-breakers of the air-break type

Patent Citations (10)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
FR961290A (en) * 1950-05-09
FR1165481A (en) * 1955-11-10 1958-10-27 Licentia Gmbh Arc chamber for high power direct currents, in particular for fast switches with nominal voltage up to 3,000 volts
DE1064589B (en) * 1955-11-10 1959-09-03 Licentia Gmbh Electric switch with arc extinguishing chamber and magnetic blowing
FR1160990A (en) * 1955-11-30 1958-08-18 Bbc Brown Boveri & Cie Arrangement of extinguishing chimneys for power circuit breakers
CH337254A (en) * 1955-11-30 1959-03-31 Bbc Brown Boveri & Cie Spark chamber arrangement for circuit breakers
DE1040103B (en) * 1957-03-20 1958-10-02 Wissenschaftlich Tech Buero Fu Erase insert for electrical switchgear
FR1396822A (en) * 1963-06-01 1965-04-23 Stotz Kontakt Gmbh Automatic installation circuit breaker
DE1291009B (en) * 1963-06-01 1969-03-20 Stotz Kontakt Gmbh Installation auto switch
FR1544434A (en) * 1966-11-14 1968-10-31 Gen Electric Arc Blast Box Electrical Circuit Breaker
US4019005A (en) * 1974-12-30 1977-04-19 I-T-E Imperial Corporation Multi-pole circuit breaker with baffle shield venting

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
FR2468987A1 (en) 1981-05-08
DE3069949D1 (en) 1985-02-21
EP0028376B1 (en) 1985-01-09
FR2468987B1 (en) 1982-05-21
US4414446A (en) 1983-11-08

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