EP0027840A1 - Toy construction elements - Google Patents

Abstract

Container-shaped, connectable construction elements of varying shapes for toys, in which the connection members (P1-P6) are arranged relative to one another in an equilateral hexagon as pins, cones or semispheres so that, when two elements are connected, the connection members (P1-P6) do not fit into the lower part of an element over the entire surface, but act in a clamping manner with the correspondingly shaped counter-connections only at special contact points. <IMAGE>

Description

The invention relates to components for container-shaped toys, the shapes of which are used in the construction of various model constructions, e.g. Buildings, pyramids, space objects, figures, spheres, honeycombs, future objects or other objects that are difficult to imagine.

The invention differs from other similar toys mainly in the novel arrangement of the coupling members, which are arranged square to each other in all previous toys. In this invention, on the other hand, fit hexagonally to each other on the same side. The possible shapes of the components allow an enormous variety of variations (shape and appearance) in the coupling and construction of the model buildings. The invention aims at a simple construction and a simple separability of the individual elements. The toy is intended to promote the geometric and technical understanding of children from 1 t up to adults. Form a meaningful pastime, be harmless and bring new ideas for the future.

The invention differs from other equilateral hexagonal basic toy elements in that mostly round coupling members and counter-coupling members are designed to be clamped only by certain points of contact and do not fit in the entire open part. These new hexagonally attached coupling elements, which do not fully fit into the open part, ensure much better pressure equalization within one preserved element and the plug and coupling principle is significantly improved. In addition to an equilateral hexagon shape, there are various other shapes such as an equilateral triangle, spec. Pentagon, spec. isosceles hexagon, multiple elements made of equilateral hexagon, 2 circular shapes, oval shapes, can be coupled. The invention also relates to concave and convex curved elements.

The invention relates to components for model toys in hollow or solid construction of different shapes, one wall (base area) of 6 spec. Points which together form an equilateral hexagon, are provided with coupling elements in the form of mostly round pegs and hollow pegs, of which one peg as the center always has the height intersection of an equilateral triangle and all 6 equilateral triangles form an equilateral hexagon through a common center, which in turn serves as the basis for the construction of other different larger or smaller component shapes.

The corresponding mating couplings on the other side of the base area are likewise hexagonal, equilateral respectively in the same or mostly in other special points within the base area. triangularly arranged on the same side to each other and formed at the appropriate height, so that protruding projections are formed to the outer radii of the coupling elements.

The toy component consists either of a hollow body open on one side or a solid body on the same side, hexagonal basic shape or its varieties (see Fig. 17 - 27) and the height h, which can be injection molded between 2 molded parts or by hot pressing from plastic or by casting from plastic raw products a chem. Reaction is established. Corners and edges can be rounded. On the outside of the equilateral, hexagonal base or its variant, the 6 coupling elements (primary spigot) Fig. 7, equilateral, hexagonal to each other are formed in 6 special points PI - P6, which can also be hollow bodies. On the other side, inside the body), also in the equilateral, six- _' square base, counter-couplings (Fig.8) are formed with the necessary struts from the corners E to the center Z. In the case of plug connections, only the 6 recesses on the opposite side of the coupling elements (Fig. 28). The mating couplings, also called secondary pegs or knobs, are attached in points FI-F6, as well as in DI-D6 (see Fig. I), so that the primary pegs fit exactly when coupling two elements together and a clamping effect between the coupling elements and the Outside. These secondary pins can also be hollow bodies. As a result, the wall thickness of the sides, the struts and the wall thickness of the coupling and counter-coupling elements are of crucial importance, which is why extremely high precision is required in the production of such components. Since very small changes or Fluctuations in the wall thickness and the side length a lead to inaccuracies that make it difficult to couple neighboring elements together.

The counter-coupling elements are preferably also pegs, but can also be star-like, square, rectangular or otherwise have a shape (Fig.I-3). Springs and several nubs can also be formed on a vertical wall with the necessary distance from the primary peg.

und der Abstand E zu F

Zudem liegen die Punkte P auf dieser Verbindungslinie,²die zugleich Seitenhalbierende, Höhenlinie und Winkelhalbierende der 6 gleichseitigen Dreiecke ist. Die Verbindungslinie D durch Z zu D'ist ebenfalls Seitenhalbierende, Höhenlinie und Winkelhalbierende der Aussenseite a zu Z und die Punkte P müssen auf dieser Linie liegen. P hat somit von den benachbarten beiden Punkten E und E' sowie vom Zentrum Z den Abstand

und von D und den benachbarten Punkten F und F' den Abstand

.Der grösstmögliche Radius der Kupplungsorgane in Punkt P beträgt somit:

, ( d = Wandstärke s. Abb.I-12). Zugleich beträgt der Abstand PI:P2:P3:P4:P5: P6: immer

In the equilateral hexagon with side a; form the connecting lines of the corners E through the center Z, 6 equilateral triangles and the lines E / Z correspond to the length a and form the inner reinforcements. If the connecting lines E / Z are halved, i.e. 2, you get points FI to F6. If the sides a are halved, the points DI to D6 are obtained. In points FI to F6 and DI to D 6, the secondary, lower coupling elements are formed at a distance from the primary pins (in the case of coupling). (Exception: if the mating couplings for plug connections, Fig. 28, or for another primary pin arrangement, Fig. 29, are also in points PI-P6, lower side.) If the corners E are connected to each other, not through the center Z, ( For example, EI / E3, E2 / E4, ie odd numbering with odd and even with even lines, you also get points F, according to the ones listed above Halving E / Z. The distance E to E 'not through Z is therefore always a

and the distance E to F

In addition, the points P lie on this connecting line, ² which is also the bisector, contour line and bisector of the 6 equilateral triangles. The connecting line D through Z to D 'is also the bisector, contour line and bisector of the outside a to Z and the points P must lie on this line. P is thus at a distance from the neighboring two points E and E 'and from the center Z.

and the distance from D and the neighboring points F and F '

The largest possible radius of the coupling elements in point P is therefore:

, (d = wall thickness see Fig.I-12). At the same time, the distance is PI: P2: P3: P4: P5: P6: always

For better pressure equalization within the hollow body, it is advantageous if the wall thickness d outside is greater than d 'for the coupling and counter-coupling elements; d "for the internal reinforcement is usually equal to or smaller than d '. The counter and coupling members can also be solid or have different wall thicknesses.

Wall thickness e.g. d, 2d, d, d 323

The wall thickness d is variable and depends on the strength and elasticity of the plastic, wood or metal used.

Ideal wall thicknesses:

The stresses that occur when two elements are coupled together act in several directions and are balanced. In order to achieve the best possible separability between the coupled elements right from the start and to keep the coupling force high over a longer period of time with minimal wear on the elements, it makes sense to make the primary pins slightly conical, the top pin diameter smaller than the bottom pin diameter the base area. The deviation is advantageously kept to a minimum zV I / 100 to I / 500 of the primary pin diameter. Depending on the material used, it may make sense to account for a fraction of the deviation in the primary pin diameter at the top and add it to the base of the primary pin. This arrangement allows the use of cheaper raw materials and increases the clamping effect.

• a) grosse vorstehende Primärzapfen, kleine Sekundärzapfen, bezw. Noppen an Verstärkungswand,Verhältnis
  
  . Abbildung 1-3 Aussendurchmesser der vorstehenden Primärzapfen in Punkt P : Durchmesser =
  
  Innendurchmesser der Prim. Zapfen in Punkt P :
  
  Aussendurchmesser der Sekundärzapfen bezw. Noppen in Punkt F : 2d
• b) kleiner vorstehender Primärzapfen, grosser Sekundärzapfen. Aussendurchmesserverhältnis 1 : 2 Abb. 4 Aussendurchmesser der Primärzapfen in Punkt P :
  
  Innendurchmesser " " " "
  
  - 2d' Aussendurchmesser der Sekundärzapfen in Punkt D und F :
  
  Innendurchmesser der Sekundärzapfen in Punkt D und F :
  
  Die Sekundärzpafen in D" innen (D-d=D") können ebenfalls anstelle in D angebracht werden, Durchmesser aussen in D" =
  
• .c) gleichgrosser Primärzapfen wie Sekundärzapfen. Verhältnis I:I. Abb. 6 bis 12. Aussendurchmesser der Prim. und Sek. Zapfen in Punkt P,F und D :
  
• d) jede zwischen a) und b) liegende Grösse, z.B. Verhältnis 2:1 zwischen Prim. und Sek.-Zapfen, Abb. 5. Aussendurchmesser der Primärzapfen in Punkt
  
  Innendurchmesser der Primärzapfen in Punkt P :
  
  Aussendurchmesser der Sekundärzapfen in Punkt D und F :
  
  Innendurchmesser der Sekundärzapfen in Punkt D und F :
  
  Selbstverständlich können anstelle der Sek. Zapfen bei Punkt D auch nur Noppen bei D" innen (D-d=D") mit Abstand
  
  angebracht werden. 18

Variations in the coupling elements: The height n of the primary pins is variable and depends on the elasticity and strength of the material used. The length of the primary spigot may only be as much as is necessary for a secure clamping effect of 2 elements and an effortless disassembly is possible. The coupling members can also be slightly conical. The height n can be, for example, h or h or another ratio of h. The prim. and sec. ⁵ coupling elements, outer diameter, can be designed in various relationships to each other, for example the following variants:

• a) large protruding primary cones, small secondary cones, respectively Studs on reinforcement wall, ratio
  
  . Figure 1-3 Outside diameter of the above primary spigot in point P: diameter =
  
  Inner diameter of the primary spigot in point P:
  
  Outside diameter of the secondary pin or. Pimples in point F: 2d
• b) small protruding primary spigot, large secondary spigot. Outside diameter ratio 1: 2 Fig. 4 Outside diameter of the primary pin in point P:
  
  Inside diameter """"
  
  - 2d 'outer diameter of the secondary pins in points D and F:
  
  Inner diameter of the secondary pins in points D and F:
  
  The secondary gauges in D "inside (Dd = D") can also be attached instead of in D, outside diameter in D "=
  
• .c) primary cones of the same size as secondary cones. Ratio I: I. Fig. 6 to 12. Outside diameter of the primary and secondary spigots in points P, F and D:
  
• d) Any size between a) and b), eg ratio 2: 1 between primary and secondary spigot, Fig. 5. Outside diameter of the primary spigot in points
  
  Inner diameter of the primary pin in point P:
  
  Outside diameter of the secondary pins in points D and F:
  
  Inner diameter of the secondary pins in points D and F:
  
  Of course, instead of the second pins at point D, only knobs at D "inside (Dd = D") can be spaced
  
  be attached. 18th

• Kreisform: I. Möglichkeit: Durchmesser aussen 2a mit Zentrum Z um das innere, oben beschriebene gleichseitige Sechseck. Durchmesser innen 2a-2d. (Abb. 20 - 21)
• 2. Möglichkeit: Durchmesser aussen a
  
  mit Zentrum Z. Durchmesser innen a
  
  mit Zentrum Z. (Abb. 22 - 23) Da der Radius des Kreises die Punkte D tangiert, kann von diesem aus mit Z die Punkte P und F, die gleich wie oben beschrieben liegen, bestimmt werdeno
• 3. Möglichkeit: Ovalformen Doppelelemente ergibt mit Z und Z' als Mittelpunkt folgende Ovale:
  
  Beim Zusammenkoppeln mit sich selbst können die Rundelemente übereinander oder versetzt, mit den Grundelementen bezw. Doppelelementen kann selbstverständlich ebenfalls in den Variationen gekoppelt werden.

Coupling options: The individual basic elements can be coupled together without staggering (Fig. 19), as well as staggered in two variations (Fig. 14 and 16 abc). The individual double elements (Fig. 17) can be coupled one above the other, offset by t double element (Fig. 18) and offset. Basic elements can be coupled offset and offset with double elements. With the basic elements coupled together, you get a large number of possible object shapes. With the help of the double elements, the number of possible shapes increases several times. There is also the possibility of designing the same coupling mechanism for corresponding multiple elements (Fig. 19) for floor, intermediate or ceiling elements. It is also possible to design the basic element in a different form, but with the same coupling mechanism in the main points:

• Circular shape: I. Possibility: outside diameter 2a with center Z around the inner equilateral hexagon described above. Inside diameter 2a-2d. (Fig. 20 - 21)
• 2nd possibility: outside diameter a
  
  with center Z. diameter inside a
  
  with center Z. (Fig. 22 - 23) Since the radius of the circle touches the points D, the points P and F, which are the same as described above, can be determined from it with Z.
• 3rd possibility: oval shapes double elements with Z and Z 'as the center result in the following ovals:
  
  When coupling with itself, the round elements can be stacked or offset, with the basic elements or Double elements can of course also be coupled in the variations.

• I. Aus Normalelement Abb. 24 Länge 2a, Breite a
  
• 2. Aus Doppelelement Länge 2 a
  
  , Breite 2 a
• 3. Aus 2 zusammengekoppelten Grundelementen, Abb. 27 b. Länge 3 a, Breite a
  
  Spez. rechtwinkliges Fünfeck: Abb. 25, Länge 2 a,Breite a F3 Spez. ungleichseitiges Sechseck: Abb. 26 (2 versetzt gekoppelte Normalelemente, jedoch gleiche Ebene) Länge 3 a, Breite a
  
  . Spez. rechtwinkliges Fünfeck: Abb. 27, Länge 3 a,Breite a
  
  .

Rectangular shape: More limited possibilities of variation, but well suited as a terminating element or for non-staggered coupling (also shifted by f double element).

• I. From normal element Fig. 24 length 2a, width a
  
• 2. From double element length 2 a
  
  , Width 2 a
• 3. From 2 basic elements coupled together, Fig. 27 b. Length 3 a, width a
  
  Spec. Right-angled pentagon: Fig. 25, length 2 a, width a F3 Spec. Non-equilateral hexagon: Fig. 26 (2 staggered coupled normal elements, but same plane) length 3 a, width a
  
  . Right-angled pentagon: Fig. 27, length 3 a, width a
  
  .

In the case of end elements, only secondary coupling elements can be formed and the elements on the top side at x times the height can have a cone, dome, (convex), concave, pyramid or another shape. It is also possible to produce concave and concavex curved surfaces of different shapes with one another and to couple them without being offset. The coupling elements are installed parallel to the height of the elements.

There is the possibility of coping concave and convex curved bases of different shapes peln if the coupling elements are formed in the same corresponding points fleeing to the focal center of the curvature and in the coupling elements, instead of cylindrical or conical shape, the side surfaces are rounded or hemispherical. Manufacturing, coupling and decoupling are thus guaranteed. Hemispherical elements or x-fold parts of a sphere and the other parts fitting thereon can be produced in a concave-convex shape, which become a larger, expanding sphere. Have the wheel put together or be coupled with flat elements to form a curved honeycomb structure.

• Fig. 1 : die-Grundfläche im Grundriss ohne Deckplatte versehen nach Variante a) mit innerer Verstärkung.
• Fig. 2 : wie Fig. 1, aber mit geringerer Wandstärke d.
• Fig. 3 : wie Fig. 1, aber Noppen als Klemmen.
• Fig. 4 : wie Fig. 1, aber nach Variante b). :
• Fig. 5 : wie Fig. 1, aber nach Variante d).
• Fig. 6 : wie Fig. 1, aber nach Variante c).
• Fig. 7 : Variante c) von oben gesehen in perspektivischer Darstellung (Kupplungsorgane)
• Fig. 8 : Variante c) von unten gesehen in perspektivischer Darstellung (Gegenkupplungsorgane und Verstrebungen).
• Fig. 9 : Variante c) Seitenfläche a mit Höhe h und prim. Kupplungsorgane.
• Fig.10 : Variante c) Schnitt der Eckpunkte E miteinander, nicht durch das Zentrum.
• Fig.11 : Variante c) Schnitt der Punkte D durch das Zentrum Z zu D'.
• Fig. 12: Variante c) Schnitt der Eckpunkte E miteinander durch das Zentrum Z.
• Fig.13 : Grundelement in perspektivischer Darstellung mit Primärzapfen.
• Fig.14 : Grundelemente in perspektivischer Darstellung übereinander versetzt gekoppelt.
• Fig.15 : wie Fig. 14, aber direkt, unversetzt gekoppelt.
• Fig. 16 a, b, Verschiedene Variationen der Grundelemente versetzt gekoppelt.
• Fig. 17 : Doppelelement in perspektivischer Darstellung mit Primärzapfen.
• Fig. 18 : 2 Doppelelemente, verschoben um t Doppelelement,gekoppelt.
• Fig. 19 : Mehrfachelement als Boden-, Zwischen- oder Deckenelement.
• Fig. 20 : Rundelement mit grossem Aussendurchmesser 2 a.
• Fig. 20a: 2 Rundelement, I vom gleichseitigen Sechseck. 3 3
• Fig. 21 : Rundelemente mit grossem Aussendurchmesser. 2 übereinander, 2 versetzt gekoppelt.
• Fig. 22 : Rundelement mit kleinen Aussendurchmesser a
  
  .
• Fig. 23 : 2 Rundelemente mit Durchmesser a
  
  übereinandergekoppelt. 3 Rundelemente (a
  
  ) mit Kreisen angedeutet und versetzt über das untere Rundelement gekoppelt.
• Fig. 24 : Reckteckform, gebildet aus Normalelement Länge 2 a, Breite a
  
  .
• Fig. 25 : Spez. rechtwinkliges Fünfeck aus Normalelement gebildet. Länge 2 a, Breite a
  
  .
• Fig. 26 : Spez. ungleichseitiges Sechseck. Länge 3 a, Breite a
  
  .
• Fig. 27 : Spez. rechtwinkliges 5-Eck, Länge 3 a, Breite a
  
  ^.
• Fig. 27b: Spez. Rechteck, Länge 3 a, Breite a
  
  .
• Fig. 28 : Grundelement mit Steckverbindung, Prim. und Sek.-Kupplungen an demselben Punkt, jedoch andere Seite.
• Fig. 29 a,b,c,d: Unterschiedliche Varianten an Primärzapfenanordnung in der Grundform, wenn die Sekundärzapfen in den Punkten PI bis P6 Angebracht werden.
• Fig. 30 : wie Fig. 29, aber Untenansicht "Sekundärzapfen und Wandverstärkung".
• Fig. 31 : Grosse Ovalform mit runden Zapfen, Länge 2a+a
  
  , Z' zu Z'' : a
  
  .
• Fig. 32 : Grosse Ovalform mit runden Zapfen, Länge 2a
  
  , Z' zu Z" : a 3.
• Fig. 33 : Kleine Ovalform mit runden Zapfen, Länge 3 a, Z' zu Z" a
• Fig. 34 : Kleine Ovalform mit runden Zapfen, Länge a(
  
  ), Z' zu Z" a.

The pictures show:

• Fig. 1: the floor area in the plan without cover plate provided according to variant a) with internal reinforcement.
• Fig. 2: as Fig. 1, but with a smaller wall thickness d.
• Fig. 3: like Fig. 1, but pimples as clamps.
• Fig. 4: as Fig. 1, but according to variant b). :
• Fig. 5: as Fig. 1, but according to variant d).
• Fig. 6: as Fig. 1, but according to variant c).
• 7: Variant c) seen from above in a perspective view (coupling members)
• Fig. 8: Variant c) seen from below in a perspective view (counter-coupling elements and struts).
• Fig. 9: Variant c) side surface a with height h and prime. Coupling organs.
• Fig. 10: Variant c) intersection of the corner points E with each other, not through the center.
• Fig. 11: Variant c) Section D points through the center Z to D '.
• Fig. 12: Variant c) intersection of the corner points E with each other through the center Z.
• Fig. 13: basic element in perspective with primary pin.
• Fig. 14: Basic elements coupled in a perspective representation offset one above the other.
• Fig. 15: as in Fig. 14, but directly coupled without offset.
• 16 a, b, different variations of the basic elements coupled coupled.
• Fig. 17: Double element in a perspective view with primary pin.
• Fig. 18: 2 double elements, shifted by t double element, coupled.
• Fig. 19: Multiple element as a floor, intermediate or ceiling element.
• Fig. 20: Round element with a large outer diameter 2 a.
• Fig. 20a: 2 round element, I from the equilateral hexagon. 3 3
• Fig. 21: Round elements with a large outside diameter. 2 stacked, 2 offset.
• Fig. 22: Round element with a small outside diameter a
  
  .
• Fig. 23: 2 round elements with a diameter
  
  coupled together. 3 round elements (a
  
  ) indicated with circles and coupled offset over the lower round element.
• Fig. 24: Rectangular shape, formed from normal element length 2 a, width a
  
  .
• Fig. 25: Spec. Right-angled pentagon formed from normal element. Length 2 a, width a
  
  .
• Fig. 26: Spec. Uneven sided hexagon. Length 3 a, width a
  
  .
• Fig. 27: Spec. Right-angled pentagon, length 3 a, width a
  
  ^.
• Fig. 27b: Spec. Rectangle, length 3 a, width a
  
  .
• Fig. 28: Basic element with plug connection, primary and secondary couplings at the same point, but on the other side.
• 29 a, b, c, d: Different variants of the primary pin arrangement in the basic form if the secondary pins are attached in points PI to P6.
• Fig. 30: like Fig. 29, but bottom view "secondary pin and wall reinforcement".
• Fig. 31: Large oval shape with round pins, length 2a + a
  
  , Z 'to Z'': a
  
  .
• Fig. 32: Large oval shape with round pins, length 2a
  
  "Z 'to Z": a 3.
• Fig. 33: Small oval shape with round pins, length 3 a, Z 'to Z "a
• Fig. 34: Small oval shape with round pins, length a (
  
  ), Z 'to Z "a.

Claims (19)

Components for container-shaped model toys in hollow or solid construction of different shapes, characterized in that a wall (base area) at 6 special points, which together form an equilateral hexagon, are provided with coupling elements in the form of mostly round pins or hollow pins that do not cover the entire surface , donate only in spec. Points of contact when coupling, 2 elements clamping and of which a pin always has the center of the height intersection of an equilateral triangle and all 6 equilateral triangles form an equilateral hexagon through a common center, which in turn serves as the basis for the construction of further different larger or smaller component shapes . The corresponding mating couplings on the other side of the base are in the same or mostly in other special points within the base, also hexagonal on both sides. triangular equilateral to each other, so that protruding projections are formed to the outer radii of the coupling members.
1. Component according to claim is characterized in that on the lower side of the equilateral hexagonal base, the contour lines of the 6 equilateral triangles with the surrounding equilateral triangle sides each form 3 points, in which counter-coupling elements or clamping projections are formed to the outer radii of the coupling elements . 2. Component according to claim is characterized in that pin recesses can be made within the equilateral hexagonal base opposite the coupling members, in the vertical intersections of the triangles, so that 2 elements can be coupled with plug connections. 3. Component according to claim is characterized in that round counter coupling elements are formed on the lower side of the equilateral hexagonal base in the vertical intersections of the equilateral triangles. In this case, the coupling elements are arranged in each corner of the equilateral triangles tangential to the distance between the counter-coupling element radii and can have different shapes. Fig. 29 + 30. 4. The component according to claim is characterized in that the counter-coupling member is designed as a pin, so-called secondary pin. 5. The component according to subclaim 4 is characterized in that the secondary pin is cylindrical. 6. The component according to subclaim 4 is characterized in that the secondary pin has a cross shape (knobs) and has on its side surfaces a counter-profile corresponding to the shape of the primary pin. 7. The component according to subclaim 4 is characterized in that the secondary pin is designed as a hollow body. 8. The component according to subclaim 7 is characterized in that the secondary pin formed from a hollow body is formed with a reinforcement towards the center and the outer circumference. 9. The component according to claim is characterized in that a hollow body is formed with the height h and on one side and the inner surfaces of the side walls of the hollow body are additionally provided with clamping cams (knobs) for engagement with the primary pin of a connected component. 10. The component according to the patent claim is characterized in that the counter-coupling member ends flush with the side walls of the hollow component, or is somewhat shorter. 11. The component according to claim is characterized in that modified shapes of the hexagon through the corners with the radius to the center, get a wall. 12. The component according to claim is characterized in that modified shapes of the hexagon tangent to the center of a base side with a radius? A C3 receive a wall through the center. 13. The component according to claim is characterized in that modified shapes of the hexagon form rectangles with the length and width of the basic shapes and receive walls. 14. The component according to claim is characterized in that double or multiple elements from the hexagonal basic shape with 2 or more centers, with radii to the corners or centers of a remote base side receive walls. 15. The component according to the patent claim is characterized in that the primary pin (diameter) can be conical. 16. The component according to subclaim 15 is characterized in that a fraction of the conical deviation from the cylindrical shape is billed to the primary pin at the top and added to the bottom of the base of the primary pin. 17. The component according to claim is characterized in that only the secondary coupling members are formed for end elements and the elements are formed at x times the height as a cone, dome, pyramid, concave or other shape. 18. The component according to claim is characterized in that the element base sides are concave or convex and the coupling members are attached parallel to the height of an element. 19. Components according to claim is characterized in that the element bases are concave and or convex, the coupling element center lines are attached to the focal point center and the side surfaces of the coupling elements are rounded or hemispherical.

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