EP0026871B1 - Kern für elektromagnetische Induktionsvorrichtung - Google Patents

Kern für elektromagnetische Induktionsvorrichtung Download PDF

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Publication number
EP0026871B1
EP0026871B1 EP19800105694 EP80105694A EP0026871B1 EP 0026871 B1 EP0026871 B1 EP 0026871B1 EP 19800105694 EP19800105694 EP 19800105694 EP 80105694 A EP80105694 A EP 80105694A EP 0026871 B1 EP0026871 B1 EP 0026871B1
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EP
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Prior art keywords
elements
core
strip
magnetic core
recited
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Expired
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EP19800105694
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English (en)
French (fr)
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EP0026871A1 (de
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Joseph Augustus Mas
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Allied Corp
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Allied Corp
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    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01F—MAGNETS; INDUCTANCES; TRANSFORMERS; SELECTION OF MATERIALS FOR THEIR MAGNETIC PROPERTIES
    • H01F27/00—Details of transformers or inductances, in general
    • H01F27/24—Magnetic cores
    • H01F27/25—Magnetic cores made from strips or ribbons
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01F—MAGNETS; INDUCTANCES; TRANSFORMERS; SELECTION OF MATERIALS FOR THEIR MAGNETIC PROPERTIES
    • H01F1/00—Magnets or magnetic bodies characterised by the magnetic materials therefor; Selection of materials for their magnetic properties
    • H01F1/01—Magnets or magnetic bodies characterised by the magnetic materials therefor; Selection of materials for their magnetic properties of inorganic materials
    • H01F1/03—Magnets or magnetic bodies characterised by the magnetic materials therefor; Selection of materials for their magnetic properties of inorganic materials characterised by their coercivity
    • H01F1/12—Magnets or magnetic bodies characterised by the magnetic materials therefor; Selection of materials for their magnetic properties of inorganic materials characterised by their coercivity of soft-magnetic materials
    • H01F1/14—Magnets or magnetic bodies characterised by the magnetic materials therefor; Selection of materials for their magnetic properties of inorganic materials characterised by their coercivity of soft-magnetic materials metals or alloys
    • H01F1/147—Alloys characterised by their composition
    • H01F1/153—Amorphous metallic alloys, e.g. glassy metals
    • H01F1/15383—Applying coatings thereon

Definitions

  • This invention relates to magnetic core structures of the art used defined in the prior art portion of claim 1, which core structures are in electrical induction apparatus such as transformers, motors, generators and the like.
  • Magnetic devices such as transformers, motors, generators and the like oftentimes include wound core members composed of magnetically soft material.
  • the material, in the form of continuous strip is typically wound on a suitable mandrel and annealed to relieve winding stresses. The mandrel is then removed from the core, which is cut and treated for receiving winding thereon.
  • U.S. Patent No. 2,909,742 issued October 20, 1959 discloses a machine wound magnetic core
  • British Patent No. 1,453,154 published 20 October 1976 discloses a magnetic core for a harmonic generating reactor.
  • These magnetic cores include elements spirally wound from strips of magnetic steel and correspond to the art defined in the prior art portion of claim 1.
  • U.S. Patent No. 4,038,073 issued July 26, 1977 discloses near-zero magnetostrictive glassy metal alloys with high saturation induction
  • U.S. Patent No. 4,056,411 discloses certain amorphous alloys useful for making magnetic devices.
  • toroidal core members One of the major problems with toroidal core members is the core loss produced by eddy currents present in and between wound layers of the strip. This loss, which varies as the square of strip width, is so large that it has previously been necessary to form the core from a number of laminated plates wound or stamped from the strip, individually coated with insulating material and wound or stacked one upon another on the flat side thereof. As a result, magnetic cores for electromagnetic induction devices have low operating efficiency and high construction and material costs.
  • the magnetic core for an electromagnetic induction device that is economical to make and highly efficient in operation.
  • the magnetic core comprises a plurality of magnetic core elements, each of which is formed by winding a plurality of layers of uninsulated strip of magnetically permeable material.
  • the magnetic core elements are juxtaposed together to form a core stack, the height of which is large relative to the strip width of each element.
  • the core elements are electrically isolated from each other by insulating material interposed between the elements at the region of juxtaposition.
  • the magnetic core 12 comprises a plurality of magnetic core elements 14.
  • Each of the core elements 14 is formed by winding a plurality of layers 16 of uninsulated strip 18 of magnetically permeable material.
  • the elements 14 are juxtaposed together to form a core stack 20, the height, h, of which is large relative to the strip width, w, of each element.
  • Core elements 14 are electrically isolated from each other by insulating material 22 interposed between the core elements 14 at the region of juxtaposition 24.
  • the strip 18 used to wind the magnetic core elements 14 is composed of magnetically soft material.
  • Such material desirably has the following combination of properties: (a) low hysteresis loss; (b) low eddy current loss; (c) low coercive force; (d) high magnetic permeability; (e) high saturation value; and (f) minimum change in permeability with temperature.
  • Conventionally employed magnetically soft material in strip form such as high-purity iron, silicon steels, iron/nickel alloys, iron/cobalt alloys and the like, are all suitable for use in the practice of the present invention.
  • the strip 18 is of amorphous (glassy) magnetic alloys which have recently become available.
  • Such alloys are at least about 50% amorphous, as determined by x-ray diffraction.
  • Such alloys include those having the formula MN-90 To-is X 10-25 1 wherein M is at least one of the elements iron, cobalt and nickel, wherein T is at least one of the transition metal elements, and X is at least one of the metalloid elements of phosphorus, boron and carbon. Up to 80 percent of the carbon, phosphorus and/or boron in X may be replaced by aluminum, antimony, beryllium, germanium, indium, silicon and tin. Used as cores of magnetic devices, such amorphous metal alloys evidence generally superior properties as compared to the conventional polycrystalline metal alloys commonly utilized. Preferably, strips of such amorphous alloys are at least about 80% amorphous, more preferably yet, at least about 95% amorphous.
  • the amorphous magnetic alloys of which strip 18 is preferably composed are formed by cooling a melt at a rate of about 10 5 to 10 6 °C/sec.
  • a variety of well-known techniques are available for fabricating rapid-quenched continuous strip.
  • the strip 18 When used in magnetic cores for electromagnetic induction devices, the strip 18 typically has the form of wire or ribbon.
  • the strip 18 is conveniently prepared by casting molten material directly onto a chill surface or into a quenching medium of some sort. Such processing techniques considerably reduce the cost of fabrication, since no intermediate wire- drawing or ribbon-forming procedures are required.
  • the amorphous metal alloys of which strip 18 is preferably composed evidence high tensile strength, typically about 200,000 to 600,000 psi (1.38-4.14 x 10 6 kPa), depending on the particular composition. This is to be compared with polycrystalline alloys, which are used in the annealed condition and which usually range from about 40,000 to 80,000 psi (2.76-5.52 x 10 6 kPa).
  • a high tensile strength is an important consideration in applications where high centrifugal forces are present, such as experienced by cores in motors and generators, since higher strength alloys allow higher rotational speeds.
  • the amorphous metal alloys used to form strip 18 evidence a high electrical resistivity, ranging from about 160 to 180 microhm-cm at 25°C, depending on the particular composition. Typical prior art materials have resistivities of about 45 to 160 microhm/cm.
  • the high resistivity possessed by the amorphous metal alloys defined above is useful in AC applications for minimizing eddy current losses, which, in turn, are a factor in reducing core loss.
  • a further advantage of using amorphous metal alloys to form strip 18 is that lower coercive forces are obtained than with prior art compositions of substantially the same metallic content, thereby permitting more iron, which is relatively inexpensive, to be utilized in the strip 18, as compared with a greater proportion of nickel, which is more expensive.
  • each of the magnetic core elements 14 is formed by winding successive turns of strip 18 on a mandrel (not shown). During winding of successive turns, strip 18 is kept under tension to effect tight formation of the core element 14.
  • the number of turns required for a given core element 14 can range from a few turns to several thousand turns, depending upon the power capacity of the electromagnetic device desired.
  • the strip 18 is cut across the width, w, thereof, the outer turn being held in wound relation to the preceding turn.
  • the cut end of the last turn of strip 18 is spot welded, clamped or otherwise secured to the wound core element 14.
  • the core element 14 has a width defined by the width of strip 18 and a build defined by the number of turns of strip 18 times the strip thickness, t.
  • Amorphous metal strip is relatively thin as compared to rolled crystalline strip.
  • the composite core construction of magnetic core 12 eliminates the necessity for individually coating each wound layer of strip 18 used to form core element 14. As a result, the core element 14 can be wound into a smaller, lighter element at lower construction, processing and material costs than magnetic cores having an insulated interlaminar construction.
  • the width of strip 18 ranges from about .25 to 2.5 centimeters and the thickness of strip 18 ranges from about 1 to 2 mils (0,0025--0,005 cm).
  • the build of each core element 14 can range from as low as 4 mils (0,01 cm) to as great as 25 centimeters or more depending upon the power requirements of the electromagnetic device.
  • Magnetic core 12 is assembled by sandwiching a layer of insulating material 22 between plural core elements 14.
  • the core elements 14 may be bonded together by the insulating material 22.
  • core elements 14 and insulation layers 22 can be placed successively on a spool composed of thermoplastic or thermosetting material.
  • the number of core elements 14 used to construct magnetic core 12, as well as the dimensions of the core elements 14 and overall height, h, of the magnetic core 12 will vary depending on the power capacity and operating frequency of the electromagnetic device.
  • the maximum acceptable strip width is about 1 inch (2.54 cm)
  • the number of core elements 14 used to construct magnetic core 12 is about 3 to 10
  • the height, h, of magnetic core 12 is about 2 to 10 inches (5.08-25.4 cm)
  • the inside diameter of each core element 14 is about 1 to 6 inches (2.54-1.52 cm) and the outside diameter of each core element 14 is about 2 to 20 inches (5.08-50.8 cm).
  • the maximum acceptable strip width is about 1/4 inch (6.3 x 10- 1 cm)
  • the number of core elements 14 used to construct magnetic core 12 is about 3 to 10
  • the height h, of magnetic core 12 is about 2 to 10 inches (5.08-25.4 cm)
  • the inside diameter of each core element 14 is about 1 to 3 inches (2.54-7.62 cm)
  • the outside diameter of each core element 14 is about 2 to 10 inches (5.08-25.4 cm).
  • the insulating layers 22 disposed between core elements 14 can be composed of any suitable insulating material such as thermosetting or thermoplastic material, glass cloth, fiberglass, polycarbonates, mica, CAPSTAN, LEXAN, fish paper and the like, having the required flexibility, dielectric strength, toughness and stability at the design operating temperature of the magnetic core 12, normally in the vicinity of 130°C.
  • insulating layers 22 are in the form of a flexible film having a thickness of about 1/2 mil (0,001 cm) and inside and outside diameters substantially equivalent to those of core elements 14. Electrical isolation of core elements 14 can alternatively be accomplished by disposing insulating material over part of the build portions between adjoining core elements 14.
  • the insulating layer 22 disposed between adjoining core elements 14 can have the form of a spider or other suitable configuration adapted to physically separate and electrically isolate the adjacent core elements 14.
  • electrical isolation of core elements 14 is effected by an insulating layer 22 comprised in part of air.
  • the insulating layer 22 can be painted, sprayed or otherwise applied to one or both of the adjoining surfaces of core elements 14.
  • Construction of a transformer 11 incorporating magnetic core 12 can be readily effected by toroidal winding of primary and secondary turns 30, 32 of copper or aluminum wire or ribbon about the magnetic core 12, or by hand threading the copper or aluminum wire turns about the magnetic core 12 in a conventional manner.
  • the elimination of the interlaminar insulation afforded by the sectionalized construction of magnetic core 12 substantially reduces the length of the copper turn required, and decreases the copper loss of the electromagnetic device 10.
  • the magnetic core 12 is sectioned into "n" number of core elements 14 insulated from each other, in accordance with the invention, there will now be a current i flowing in each core element 14 due to an induced voltage e and an interlayer resistance r. Since the core area of the core element 14 is now n times smaller, the induced voltage e is:
  • the interlayer core loss, p, of each element will be:
  • n2 times less than when the core is wound as a single element In the 15 KVA transformer consisting of seven elements, the interlayer core loss is 49 times lower than it would be if it had been wound as a single section with 7 inch (17.78 cm) wide uncoated strip.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Power Engineering (AREA)
  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Electromagnetism (AREA)
  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Dispersion Chemistry (AREA)
  • Soft Magnetic Materials (AREA)
  • Manufacturing Cores, Coils, And Magnets (AREA)

Claims (9)

1. Magnetkern (12) für eine elektromagnetische Induktionsvorrichtung, die Magnetkemelemente (14) besitzt, von denen jedes aus einem aufgewickelten Streifen eines magnetisch permeablen Materials besteht, wobei die Elemente aneinanderliegen und einen Kernstapel (20) bilden, dessen Höhe (h) groß im Vergleich mit der Streifenbreite (w) eines jeden Elementes ist, und wobei diese Magnetkemelemente gegeneinander durch Isoliermaterial (22), das zwischen den Elementen im Bereich des Aneinanderliegens angeordnet ist, elektrisch isoliert sind, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß jedes dieser Kernelemente (14) durch Aufwickeln mehrerer Schichten von unisoliertem Streifen (18) eines magnetisch permeablen Materials gebildet ist, wobei dieser Streifen (18) aus einer Metallegierung besteht, die zu wenigstens 50% amorph ist und eine Zusammensetzung besitzt, die durch die Formel M 60-90T0-15X10-25 definiert ist, worin M wenigstens eines der Elemente Eisen, Kobalt und Nickel ist, T wenigstens eines der Übergangsmetallelemente ist und X wenigstens eines der Metalloidelemente Phosphor, Bor und Kohlenstoff ist.
2. Magnetkern (12) nach Anspruch 1, worin bis zu 80% der Komponente X durch Germanium, Indium, Silicium und Zinn ersetzt sind.
3. Magnetkern (12) nach Anspruch 1, worin der Streifen zu wenigstens 80% amorph ist.
4. Magnetkern (12) nach Anspruch 1, worin der Streifen zu wenigstens 95% amorph ist.
5. Magnetkern (12) nach Anspruch 1, worin der Kernstapel (20) eine Höhe (h) im Bereich von 2 bis 10 inch (5,08 bis 25,40 cm) hat und die Streifenbreite (w) im Bereich von 0,25 bis 0,5 cm liegt.
6. Magnetkern (12) nach Anspruch 1, worin die mehreren Kernelemente (14) zwei bis zehn an der Zahl sind.
7. Magnetkern (12) nach Anspruch 1, worin jedes der Kernelelemente (14) eine Dicke im Bereich von 4 Mil (0,01 cm) bis 25 cm hat.
8. Elektromagnetische Vorrichtung (10) mit einer Primärwicklung (30), einer Sekundärwicklung (32) und einem Magnetkern (12), wobei der Magnetkern Magnetkernelemente (14) besitzt, von denen jedes aus einem aufgewickelten Streifen eines magnetisch permeablen Materials besteht, wobei die Elemente nebeneinanderliegen und einen Kernstapel (20) bilden, dessen Höhe (h) im Vergleich zu der Streifenbreite (w) eines jeden Elementes groß ist, und wobei die magnetischen Kemelemente gegeneinander durch Isoliermaterial (22), das zwischen den Elementen im Bereich des Aneinanderliegenden angeordnet ist, isoliert sind, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß jedes der Kernelemente (14) durch Aufwickeln mehrerer Schichten von unisoliertem Streifen (18) eines magnetisch permeablen Materials gebildet ist, wobei dieser Streifen (18) aus einer Metallegierung besteht, die zu wenigstens 50% amorph ist und eine Zusammensetzung hat, die durch die Formel M60-90T0-15X10-25 definiert ist, worin M wenigstens eines der Elemente Eisen, Kobalt und Nickel ist, T wenigstens eines der Übergangsmetallelemente ist und X wenigstens eines der Metalloidelemente Phosphor, Bor und Kohlenstoff ist.
9. Elektromagnetische Vorrichtung (10) nach Anspruch 8, worin diese Vorrichtung eine Transformator (11) ist.
EP19800105694 1979-10-05 1980-09-23 Kern für elektromagnetische Induktionsvorrichtung Expired EP0026871B1 (de)

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
US8220979A 1979-10-05 1979-10-05
US82209 1979-10-05

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EP0026871B1 true EP0026871B1 (de) 1984-02-15

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JP (1) JPS5658213A (de)
CA (1) CA1158325A (de)
DE (1) DE3066611D1 (de)

Families Citing this family (7)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US4524342A (en) * 1981-12-28 1985-06-18 Allied Corporation Toroidal core electromagnetic device
US4506248A (en) * 1983-09-19 1985-03-19 Electric Power Research Institute, Inc. Stacked amorphous metal core
CA1211169A (fr) * 1984-04-03 1986-09-09 Nicolai Alexandrov Transformateur de distribution a circuit magnetique enroule
US5868123A (en) * 1995-10-05 1999-02-09 Alliedsignal Inc. Magnetic core-coil assembly for spark ignition systems
US20060017010A1 (en) * 2004-07-22 2006-01-26 Axcelis Technologies, Inc. Magnet for scanning ion beams
JP4841327B2 (ja) * 2006-06-21 2011-12-21 モリト株式会社 肩ストラップ用取付具、肩ストラップ及びカップ付き女性用衣類
EP2696358B1 (de) * 2012-08-10 2018-10-10 STS Spezial-Transformatoren-Stockach GmbH & Co. KG Mittelfrequenz-Transformator

Family Cites Families (8)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
DE937185C (de) * 1941-02-12 1955-12-29 Siemens Ag Schaltanordnung fuer Wechselstromunterbrechungseinrichtungen
US2909742A (en) * 1953-09-01 1959-10-20 Gen Electric Machine wound magnetic core
US3838365A (en) * 1973-02-05 1974-09-24 Allied Chem Acoustic devices using amorphous metal alloys
BE807944A (fr) * 1973-11-28 1974-05-28 Elphiac Sa Self a saturation brusque generatrice d'harmoniques pour dispositif multiplicateur de frequence
SE7511398L (sv) * 1974-10-21 1976-04-22 Western Electric Co Magnetisk anordning
US4056411A (en) * 1976-05-14 1977-11-01 Ho Sou Chen Method of making magnetic devices including amorphous alloys
US4038073A (en) * 1976-03-01 1977-07-26 Allied Chemical Corporation Near-zero magnetostrictive glassy metal alloys with high saturation induction
US4116728B1 (en) * 1976-09-02 1994-05-03 Gen Electric Treatment of amorphous magnetic alloys to produce a wide range of magnetic properties

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Publication number Publication date
EP0026871A1 (de) 1981-04-15
JPS5658213A (en) 1981-05-21
DE3066611D1 (en) 1984-03-22
JPS6366045B2 (de) 1988-12-19
CA1158325A (en) 1983-12-06

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