EP0026794A1 - Combustible, procédé pour sa préparation et procédé de fonctionnement d'un moteur à combustion interne utilisant ce combustible - Google Patents

Combustible, procédé pour sa préparation et procédé de fonctionnement d'un moteur à combustion interne utilisant ce combustible Download PDF

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Publication number
EP0026794A1
EP0026794A1 EP79103856A EP79103856A EP0026794A1 EP 0026794 A1 EP0026794 A1 EP 0026794A1 EP 79103856 A EP79103856 A EP 79103856A EP 79103856 A EP79103856 A EP 79103856A EP 0026794 A1 EP0026794 A1 EP 0026794A1
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EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
aldehyde
alcohol
fuel composition
methanol
liquid
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Withdrawn
Application number
EP79103856A
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German (de)
English (en)
Inventor
James P. H. Huang
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Chen Suh-Liu
Huang James PH
Original Assignee
Chen Suh-Liu
Huang James PH
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Chen Suh-Liu, Huang James PH filed Critical Chen Suh-Liu
Priority to EP79103856A priority Critical patent/EP0026794A1/fr
Publication of EP0026794A1 publication Critical patent/EP0026794A1/fr
Withdrawn legal-status Critical Current

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    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
    • C10L—FUELS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; NATURAL GAS; SYNTHETIC NATURAL GAS OBTAINED BY PROCESSES NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C10G, C10K; LIQUEFIED PETROLEUM GAS; ADDING MATERIALS TO FUELS OR FIRES TO REDUCE SMOKE OR UNDESIRABLE DEPOSITS OR TO FACILITATE SOOT REMOVAL; FIRELIGHTERS
    • C10L1/00—Liquid carbonaceous fuels
    • C10L1/02—Liquid carbonaceous fuels essentially based on components consisting of carbon, hydrogen, and oxygen only

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to a novel fuel composition. More particularly, the present invention relates to a fuel composition which is suitable for use in internal combustion egines and which can be prepared from readily available raw materials such as carbon dioxide and water. In addition, this invention relates to a process of preparing the novel fuel composition.
  • New fuels claimed to be directly usable as gasoline or to be mixed with gasoline still inherit the drawbacks of polluting the enviroment and usually require the alteration of the engine, the fuel intake system and the addition of specially designed carburetors. It is known that alcohols including methanol. ethanol, propanol or mixtures thereof can be used as substitutes for gasoline. Results obtained were not satisfactory. Efforts have been made in many countries to solve the problems involved. Therefore, there exists a need to formulate a synthetic fuel as a substitute for gasoline, the synthetic fuel being economic to produce as well as being free from harmful byproducts which would pollute the enviromnent.
  • the present invention provides a synthetic fuel composition and the process for producing same,
  • the fuel composition can be prepared from raw materials such as carbon dioxide and water, which are readily available, to form an alcphol which is then oxidized to form an aldehyde.
  • the aldehyde is further reacted. with the alcohol to form the fuel composition.
  • the drawing shows a flow sheet depicting the process of the present invention.
  • a fuel composition comprising (a) from about 40% to 95% by volume of a primary alcohol having 1 to 4 carbon atoms, and (b) from about 5% to 60% by volume of a compound having the general formula Wherein R is - CH 3 ,- C 2 H 5 , -C 3 H 7 , or -C 4 H 9 , and R 1 is hydrogen or -CH 3 , and (c) from about 0.001% to 1% by volume of an aldehyde having the general formula wherein R2 is hydrogen, -CH 3 or -C 2 H 5 .
  • the fuel composition can be used as a substitute for gasoline in interal combustion engines.
  • the present fuel composition comprises from about 40% to 95% by volume of a primary alcohol having 1 to 4 carbon atoms.
  • the composition comprises from about 40% to 85% and most preferably 40% to 50% by volume of the primary alcohol.
  • Useful examples of the alcohol include methanol, ethanol, propanol and butanol. Among these alcohols, methanol and ethanol are preferred. Particularly, methanol is the most preferred alcohol since its supply is plentiful and it can be obtained at low cost.
  • the present composition comprises from about 5 to 60% preferably from about 15% to 60%, and most preferably from about 50% to 60% by volume of a compound having the formula wherein R is methyl, ethyl, propyl or butyl and R 1 is hydrogen or methyl.
  • R is methyl or ethyl
  • R 1 is hydrogen or methyl.
  • the preferred compounds are: with being most preferred.
  • the present composition comprises from about 0.001 to 1% of an aldehyde having the formula wherein R is hydrogen or methyl.
  • aldehyde examples include formaldehyde and acetaldehyde, with formaldehyde being preferred.
  • the present invention also relates to a process of preparing the synthetic fuel composition described above.
  • the process comprises:
  • the reaction is conducted at a temperature of from about 70°C to 300 °C , preferably from about 70 °C to 200 °C, and most preferably from about 70°C to 90°C, and a pressure of from about 2 to 10 atm., preferably from about 2 to 5 atm., most preferably from about 2 to about 3 atm.
  • the molar .ratio of aldehyde to alcohol is from about 2-4:1, preferably from about 2-3:1, and most preferably from about 2.2:1. It is noted that the alcohol should be in excess of the stoichiometric amount.
  • the catalyst is present in an amount of less than 1% by volume of the total reaction mixture.
  • the catalyst is a gaseous halide. Examples of useful catalysts include hydrogen fluoride and hydrogen chloride, with hydrogen chloride being preferred.
  • the reaction time is from about 0.5 to 2 seconds, preferably from about 0.5 to 1 second.
  • the aldehyde is preferred to be in the form of a vapor.
  • the alcohol it may be either a liquid or a vapor.
  • the formation of the fuel composition from an alcohol and an aldehyde is belived to be represented by the following equation: wherein R 3 is hydrogen, methyl, ethyl or propyl and R 4 is hydrogen or methyl.
  • the aldehyde used in the above reaction can be formed by reacting a primary alcohol having 1-4 carbon atoms with oxygen or air.
  • a primary alcohol having 1-4 carbon atoms examples include methanol, ethanol, propanol, and butanol, with methanol and ethanol being preferred, and methanol most preferred.
  • the aldehyde - forming reaction is conducted at a pressure of from about 2 to 10 atm, preferrably from about 2 to 3 atm and a temperature of from 300 C to 450°C, preferably from about 380 0 C to 400°C in the presence of an all Cu or -Ag catalyst, molar ratio of Cu:Ag being from about 90-100:1.
  • the reaction time is from about 0.01 to 0.1 second.
  • a portion of the alcohol can be used.
  • the remaining portion of the alcohol can be used as a reactant in forming the present fuel composition by reacting the alcohol with the newly formed aldehyde which is preferably in a vapor state.
  • a given stream of primary alcohol can be divided into two portions.
  • the first portion is used to form the aldehyde.
  • the second portion is used to react with the aldehyde to form the present fuel composition.
  • the volume ratio of the first: second portions this can be varied in accordance with the particular composition of the fuel.
  • the alcohol used in forming the aldehyde can be prepared by such waste material as carbon dioxide.
  • methanol can be formed from carbon dioxide as represented by the following equation:
  • the carbon dioxide can be a byproduct formed from the Weizamn process wherein starch is fermented with certain bacteria.
  • the cabon dioxide is reacted with hydrogen in the presence of a Fe catalyst.
  • the reaction is conducted at a pressure of from about 2 to 20 atm and a temperature of from about 325 to 450°C and a CO 2 : H 2 molar ratio of about 1:3.
  • the reaction is permitted to proceed for a period of from about 0.01 to 0.05 seconds.
  • the gases are transferred to a high pressure reactor where the gases are reacted in the presence of a Cu-Zn-Cr oxides catalyst at a temperature of from about 200°C to 300°C and a pressure of from about 100 to 180 atm,
  • the molar ratio of Cu:Zn:Cr oxides is 10:80:10.
  • the methanol produced from the carbon dioxide - hydrogen reaction can then be used to form the aldehyde and fuel composition as described above.
  • the fuel composition prepared in accordance with the present invention can be used as a substitute for .gasoline.
  • the cost of such fuel composition is necessarily much lower than that of gosoline.
  • the present fuel composition has a lower combustion temperature than gasoline which means that less nitrogen oxides (NO x ) are formed, thus causing a decrease in the amount of pollutants in automobile exhaust gases.
  • the present fuel composition also can be completely combusted within an automobile engine to form carbon dioxide and water which cause no harm to the environment.
  • the present fuel composition includes a freezing point of below minus 70°C which ensures operation of the engine even at exceptionally cold temperatures.
  • the present fuel composition boils within the temperature range of from about 40 C to 180°C. Since water is miscible with the present fuel composition, the presence of a small amount of water therein will not cause fuel line freeze up since the water is dissolved in the fuel. Also, it has been found that an engine is easier to start when the present fuel composition is used.
  • the present fuel composition can be fed to an internal combustion engine without any modification of the engine or the carburetor thereof.
  • the present fuel composition incurs no extra cost on the operation of the internal combustion engine.
  • the milage provided by the present composition is comparable or slightly improved over that of gasoline.
  • This example shows the synthesis of the present fuel composition from carbon dioxide, hydrogen, and oxygen.
  • 10 mols of refined C0 2 gas 2 and 30 mols of refined H 2 gas 4 are charged into a low pressure reactor 6 and a pressure of 15 atm. and a temperature of 360°C. Reaction takes place in the presence of a Fe catalyst.
  • the mixed gas is further transfered by a high pressure pump 8 into high pressure reactor 10, where the gases react continuously under a pressure of 160 atm. and a temperature of 330°C in the presence of a Cu-Zn-Cr oxides catalyst.
  • the methanol vapor leaves reactor 10 and is condensed in condenser 12. Thereafter, the condensed methanol is fed to high pressure separator 14 and then low pressure separator 16.
  • a portion of the gaseous methanol 18 is mixed with oxygen 5 in the proportion of 2:1 in mixer 22 and fed to reactor 24 where the pressure is 2 atm. and temperature is 400°C to produce an aldehyde gas in the presence of a Cu catalyst.
  • the aldehyde gas 26 is introduced with the remaining portion of the gaseous methanol 20 into reactor 28 where a gaseous halide catalyst is present, to react under a pressure of 2 atm. and a temperature of 80°C.
  • the product is collected in container 30.
  • the product is refined by feeding the product to plate tower 32.
  • the vapor leaves the tower via stream 34 and is condensed in condenser 36.
  • the final liquid product is fed to storage tank 40 via stream 38.
  • 300 ml of a liquid fuel having the following composition is obtained:
  • Example 2 The process described in Example 1 is repeated, except that the ratio of mixing of the portion of methanol and oxygen is 1:1 instead of 2:1. The results are analysed to show the following composition:
  • Methanol and ethanol obtained from fermentation are used to replace the methanol produced in the high pressure reaction described in Example 1..
  • the results show no substancial difference.
  • Example 4 is repeated except 1 mol of acetaldehyde is used. 0.94 mol of an alcohol derivative is obtained. The product is a clear, colorless liquid. Analysis of the alcohol derivative shows an empirical formula of C 4 H 10 O 2 .
  • Example 5 is repeated except 1 mol of acetaldehyde is used. 0.95 mol of an alcohol derivative is obtained. .
  • the product is a clear, colorless liquid.
  • Analysis of the alcohol derivative shows an empirical formula of C 6 H 14 O 2 .
  • Liquid fuel of the present invention obtained in Example 4 was mixed with conventional gasoline in a volume ratio of 1:1 and used to drive a Yue Loong model 1200 sedan without any modification of the engine or carburetor. Results of road tests are compared with those of the same car using regular and premium gasoline as shown in Table 1:
  • the liquid fuel of the present invention was used to drive a two cycle 50cc engine (3 % of lube was added to the fuel). Results of performance are compared with those given by the same engine using regular gasoline as shown in Table 2.
  • the present invention having a composition of CH 3 OH:49% formaldehyde derivative : 50%, CH 2 O: 0.5% gives better results than regular gasoline.
  • Various fuel mixtures comprising the liquid fuel of the present invention are used repeatedly to drive one Yue Loong model 1500 sedan having the engine adjusted to cope with particular conditions.
  • the road tests results are tabulated in Table 3 to compare with the results of road tests using premium gasoline and pure methanol.
  • Examples 8-10 are repeated except that ethanol is used in place of methanol in the composition.
  • the results show some improvement in ignition, starting, climbing, knocking, milage and exhaust properties over those using methanol. Therefore, a conclusion can be drawn that the fuel composition of the present invention is featured by its content of the alcohol derivative of C 3 H 8 O 2 .

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  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Oil, Petroleum & Natural Gas (AREA)
  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
  • General Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Organic Chemistry (AREA)
  • Liquid Carbonaceous Fuels (AREA)
  • Organic Low-Molecular-Weight Compounds And Preparation Thereof (AREA)
EP79103856A 1979-10-08 1979-10-08 Combustible, procédé pour sa préparation et procédé de fonctionnement d'un moteur à combustion interne utilisant ce combustible Withdrawn EP0026794A1 (fr)

Priority Applications (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
EP79103856A EP0026794A1 (fr) 1979-10-08 1979-10-08 Combustible, procédé pour sa préparation et procédé de fonctionnement d'un moteur à combustion interne utilisant ce combustible

Applications Claiming Priority (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
EP79103856A EP0026794A1 (fr) 1979-10-08 1979-10-08 Combustible, procédé pour sa préparation et procédé de fonctionnement d'un moteur à combustion interne utilisant ce combustible

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EP0026794A1 true EP0026794A1 (fr) 1981-04-15

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EP79103856A Withdrawn EP0026794A1 (fr) 1979-10-08 1979-10-08 Combustible, procédé pour sa préparation et procédé de fonctionnement d'un moteur à combustion interne utilisant ce combustible

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Cited By (2)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
FR2544738A1 (fr) * 1983-04-21 1984-10-26 Inst Francais Du Petrole Nouveaux constituants de carburants pour moteurs automobile ou diesel
GB2187185A (en) * 1984-12-11 1987-09-03 Snam Progetti Extenders for gasoil for automotive use, and method for their preparation and gas oils comprising the extenders

Citations (8)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
GB202264A (en) * 1922-08-12 1924-06-05 Henri Terrisse Process for the preparation of a carburetting fuel mixture for internal combustion engines
DE421814C (de) * 1923-12-18 1925-11-19 Hoechst Ag Brennkraftstoff fuer Motoren
FR868232A (fr) * 1940-12-20 1941-12-24 Carburants pour moteurs à explosion
DE801275C (de) * 1948-10-02 1950-12-28 Basf Ag Verfahren zur Herstellung von Methylal
DE822031C (de) * 1950-02-11 1951-11-22 Basf Ag Motortreibstoff
US2691685A (en) * 1954-10-12 Process for making acetals
US2691684A (en) * 1954-10-12 Acetals and process for making
FR2135251A1 (fr) * 1971-05-05 1972-12-15 Oesterr Hiag Werke Ag

Patent Citations (8)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US2691685A (en) * 1954-10-12 Process for making acetals
US2691684A (en) * 1954-10-12 Acetals and process for making
GB202264A (en) * 1922-08-12 1924-06-05 Henri Terrisse Process for the preparation of a carburetting fuel mixture for internal combustion engines
DE421814C (de) * 1923-12-18 1925-11-19 Hoechst Ag Brennkraftstoff fuer Motoren
FR868232A (fr) * 1940-12-20 1941-12-24 Carburants pour moteurs à explosion
DE801275C (de) * 1948-10-02 1950-12-28 Basf Ag Verfahren zur Herstellung von Methylal
DE822031C (de) * 1950-02-11 1951-11-22 Basf Ag Motortreibstoff
FR2135251A1 (fr) * 1971-05-05 1972-12-15 Oesterr Hiag Werke Ag

Cited By (2)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
FR2544738A1 (fr) * 1983-04-21 1984-10-26 Inst Francais Du Petrole Nouveaux constituants de carburants pour moteurs automobile ou diesel
GB2187185A (en) * 1984-12-11 1987-09-03 Snam Progetti Extenders for gasoil for automotive use, and method for their preparation and gas oils comprising the extenders

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Inventor name: HUANG, JAMES P. H.