EP0026340B1 - Bobbin and bobbin support for a roving frame - Google Patents

Bobbin and bobbin support for a roving frame Download PDF

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Publication number
EP0026340B1
EP0026340B1 EP80105188A EP80105188A EP0026340B1 EP 0026340 B1 EP0026340 B1 EP 0026340B1 EP 80105188 A EP80105188 A EP 80105188A EP 80105188 A EP80105188 A EP 80105188A EP 0026340 B1 EP0026340 B1 EP 0026340B1
Authority
EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
bobbin
spindle
roving
annular member
tail
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Expired
Application number
EP80105188A
Other languages
German (de)
French (fr)
Other versions
EP0026340A3 (en
EP0026340A2 (en
Inventor
Peter Novak
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Maschinenfabrik Rieter AG
Original Assignee
Maschinenfabrik Rieter AG
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Maschinenfabrik Rieter AG filed Critical Maschinenfabrik Rieter AG
Priority to AT80105188T priority Critical patent/ATE11666T1/en
Publication of EP0026340A2 publication Critical patent/EP0026340A2/en
Publication of EP0026340A3 publication Critical patent/EP0026340A3/en
Application granted granted Critical
Publication of EP0026340B1 publication Critical patent/EP0026340B1/en
Expired legal-status Critical Current

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Classifications

    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B65—CONVEYING; PACKING; STORING; HANDLING THIN OR FILAMENTARY MATERIAL
    • B65H—HANDLING THIN OR FILAMENTARY MATERIAL, e.g. SHEETS, WEBS, CABLES
    • B65H75/00—Storing webs, tapes, or filamentary material, e.g. on reels
    • B65H75/02—Cores, formers, supports, or holders for coiled, wound, or folded material, e.g. reels, spindles, bobbins, cop tubes, cans, mandrels or chucks
    • B65H75/18—Constructional details
    • B65H75/28—Arrangements for positively securing ends of material
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B65—CONVEYING; PACKING; STORING; HANDLING THIN OR FILAMENTARY MATERIAL
    • B65H—HANDLING THIN OR FILAMENTARY MATERIAL, e.g. SHEETS, WEBS, CABLES
    • B65H75/00—Storing webs, tapes, or filamentary material, e.g. on reels
    • B65H75/02—Cores, formers, supports, or holders for coiled, wound, or folded material, e.g. reels, spindles, bobbins, cop tubes, cans, mandrels or chucks
    • B65H75/18—Constructional details
    • B65H75/30—Arrangements to facilitate driving or braking
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B65—CONVEYING; PACKING; STORING; HANDLING THIN OR FILAMENTARY MATERIAL
    • B65H—HANDLING THIN OR FILAMENTARY MATERIAL, e.g. SHEETS, WEBS, CABLES
    • B65H2701/00—Handled material; Storage means
    • B65H2701/30—Handled filamentary material
    • B65H2701/31—Textiles threads or artificial strands of filaments

Definitions

  • the invention relates to bobbins for receiving a package of roving in a roving frame, and to the bobbin support structure for receiving and rotating such bobbins in a frame.
  • the invention is intended particularly, but not exclusively, for use in a roving frame with an automatic doffer.
  • a roving frame with a bobbin support structure in the form of a spindle mounted upright in a spindle bolster and provided at or near the bolster with a pedestal fitted with a drive dog or detent mechanism to engage and drive a bobbin mounted over the spindle and supported by the pedestal - see for example Swiss Patent No. 236 212 and Japanese Utility Model Published before Examination No. 53/ 41414.
  • Figure 1 shows a hollow metal spindle 10 and a small part only of a conventional spindle bolster 12 in which the spindle is mounted by suitable bearings including rollers 14. Below this bolster, the spindle is provided in known fashion with a drive whorl for rotating it, but since this is conventional and forms no part of the invention, it is not illustrated.
  • the bolster is mounted in known fashion in a spindle carrying beam of a spinning preparatory machine for preparing textile fibre for a spinning frame, e.g. a roving frame.
  • a spinning frame e.g. a roving frame.
  • the present invention is not limited to use with such frames.
  • Spindle 10 is mounted with its axis 16 upright and it receives in use over its upper end a hollow bobbin 18.
  • the bobbin is passed down over the spindle until a frusto-conical shoulder 20 on the bobbin engages a frusto-conical end surface 22 on the upper end of the spindle.
  • the bobbin rests on the surface 22 alone.
  • Surface 22 is formed on an endcap 24 having a shank 26 screw-threaded into the open upper end of the spindle.
  • the material of this endcap may be different from that of the remainder of the spindle, being suitably hardened if required to form an accurate resting surface for the bobbin.
  • the spindle has two diametrically opposite grooves 28 passing completely through its wall. Secured to the shank 26 are two leaf springs 30 projecting through respective grooves 28 so that portions of the springs extend radially outwardly beyond the external surface of the spindle.
  • the outwardly extending portions of the springs pass into grooves formed between longitudinal, internal ribs 32 in the interior of the bobbin and form a positive driving connection with the bobbin - as seen on the left hand side of Fig. 1. Should the springs be initially aligned with ribs instead of grooves, they will be pressed inwardly against their own resilience (as seen on the right hand side of Fig.
  • the internal diameter of the bobbin is larger than the external diameter of the spindle, and a centralising ring 34 is provided on the spindle below the centre of gravity of the bobbin.
  • the spindle has an annular member 36 of trough section secured thereto, the open side of the trough facing upwardly and receiving the lower end of the bobbin.
  • the inner wall 38 of the trough both secures it to the spindle and acts as a centering ring for the bobbin.
  • the outer wall 40 of the trough has an inwardly projecting lip provided by a resilient ring 42 secured to wall 40 in any convenient manner.
  • the ring presents a resilient socket to receive the lower end of the bobbin.
  • a roving tail suitably presented to the bobbin and support structure can be clamped between the outer cylindrical surface of the bobbin and the resilient lip 42 and is thereby secured to the bobbin for winding of a package 44 thereon.
  • Waste material can collect in the trough, which thereby protects the bearings in the bolster 12.
  • the lower end face, that is the axially facing surface, 46 of the bobbin does not contact the bottom wall 48 of the trough so that the portion of the bobbin below shoulder 20 is dependent from the shoulder and does not provide support for the weight of the bobbin or package.
  • accumulated waste in the trough does not adversely affect the disposition of the bobbin.
  • the lower end of the bobbin is provided by an array of teeth 50 which are evenly distributed around the full periphery of the bobbin.
  • the roving tail passes into one of the gaps between the teeth when the bobbin first engages the ring 42, and the roving tail is thereby gathered together and supported and held in good condition for clamping. It will be noted that since clamping occurs between the lip 42 and an outwardly facing surface on the bobbin, i.e. a surface which does not produce any substantial force component supporting the bobbin, there is again no risk of disturbance of the disposition of the bobbin due to accumulated waste on the clamping surfaces.
  • the head portion of the bobbin projects above the spindle and comprises a chamber 52 between the shoulder 20 and a second internal shoulder 54 which also faces the dependent end of the bobbin.
  • the mouth of the bobbin bore at the head thereof is formed with an inwardly convergent frusto-conical surface 56.
  • the head thus formed facilitates automatic doffing of the bobbin with a completed package, since a doffer element with spring or gravity loaded, radially outwardly projecting fingers can push into the bobbin head so that the fingers can engage under the shoulder 54 and lift the bobbin off the spindle.
  • a so-called Casablanca connector e.g. as disclosed in US-A-3 331 567 is suitable for this purpose.
  • the bobbin is made of synthetic plastics material.
  • the outer wall of the bobbin is made as a generally uniform section tube (but formed with the ribs 32) and the shoulders at the head are provided by an additional part inserted into the outer wall and welded thereto.
  • the bobbin support surface in the support structure may be on an element separate from the spindle which is required to hold the bobbin upright. However, it is clearly simpler to integrate the support and alignment functions in the one element.
  • the internal shoulder which rests on the spindle is not necessarily continuous around the inner periphery of the bobbin. It could, for example, be provided by an array of sub-shoulders formed on the individual ribs 32, which can extend further upwards into the chamber 52.
  • the position of the shoulder along the length of the bobbin can be varied, but preferably it is such as to enable use of the upper end of the spindle as the bobbin supporting surface thereon.
  • the holder for the lip 42 is not necessarily formed as a trough, but it preferably has an undersurface protecting the bolster bearings. This can provide a labyrinth seal as seen at 58 in Figure 1.
  • Figure 2 illustrates the preferred form of the teeth 50, although this form is also not essential.
  • the teeth have flanks disposed at an angle a, preferably about 60 degrees although 50 to 70 degrees is acceptable.
  • Each tooth is short- about 3 mm is preferred, but 2 to 5 mm is acceptable.
  • the spacing of the teeth at the lower edge of the bobbin may be about 5 mm, although 4 to 7 mm is acceptable.
  • the outside of. each tooth is preferably chamfered, as indicated at B in Figure 2, to facilitate insertion into the lip clamp.
  • a chamfer angle B of about 6 degrees is preferred although 4 to 8 degrees is acceptable.
  • the overall dimensions of the bobbin will depend upon the size of package to be produced, the dimensions of the roving machine, the design of automatic doffer and a variety of other factors.
  • An important feature is the selection of the length of the dependent portion of the bobbin, i.e. the distance between the shoulder 20 and the end surface 46 of the teeth 50, so that this portion will hang from the endcap 24 and will not rest on the base of the trough 36.

Landscapes

  • Spinning Or Twisting Of Yarns (AREA)
  • Winding Filamentary Materials (AREA)
  • Moving Of Heads (AREA)
  • Reciprocating, Oscillating Or Vibrating Motors (AREA)
  • Storage Of Web-Like Or Filamentary Materials (AREA)
  • Braiding, Manufacturing Of Bobbin-Net Or Lace, And Manufacturing Of Nets By Knotting (AREA)

Abstract

A bobbin (18) for receiving roving has an internal shoulder enabling it to seat on a surface (22) provided at the upper-end of a spindle (10). The bobbin hangs from this shoulder and the bobbin foot is received in a resilient clamp device (36) provided on the spindle for clamping a roving end against the bobbin.

Description

  • The invention relates to bobbins for receiving a package of roving in a roving frame, and to the bobbin support structure for receiving and rotating such bobbins in a frame. The invention is intended particularly, but not exclusively, for use in a roving frame with an automatic doffer.
  • It is known to provide a roving frame with a bobbin support structure in the form of a spindle mounted upright in a spindle bolster and provided at or near the bolster with a pedestal fitted with a drive dog or detent mechanism to engage and drive a bobbin mounted over the spindle and supported by the pedestal - see for example Swiss Patent No. 236 212 and Japanese Utility Model Published before Examination No. 53/ 41414. This implies that the bobbin foot is formed both to rest on the pedestal and to have externally open drive openings, e.g. teeth, in the bobbin foot. This makes it difficult to use the foot region of the bobbin for any other purpose.
  • It is also known to provide a so-called "top driven" bobbin system in which the upper end of the spindle provides a seat for the bobbin - see US Patent Specification No. 2689692.
  • It is an object of this invention to provide a bobbin support structure for a roving enabling use of the bobbin for additional functions.
  • This object is achieved by selection of an internal drive system for the bobbin, leaving the outwardly facing surface of the lower end of the bobbin free for combination with a clamping means as defined in the characterising portion of claim 1.
  • By way of example, one embodiment of a bobbin support structure in accordance with the invention will now be described with reference to the accompanying drawings, in which
    • Figure 1 is a sectioned side elevation of the bobbin support structure, with a bobbin and roving package thereon being indicated in shadow line, and
    • Figure 2 is a sectioned side elevation of the bobbin ends.
  • Figure 1 shows a hollow metal spindle 10 and a small part only of a conventional spindle bolster 12 in which the spindle is mounted by suitable bearings including rollers 14. Below this bolster, the spindle is provided in known fashion with a drive whorl for rotating it, but since this is conventional and forms no part of the invention, it is not illustrated.
  • The bolster is mounted in known fashion in a spindle carrying beam of a spinning preparatory machine for preparing textile fibre for a spinning frame, e.g. a roving frame. However, the present invention is not limited to use with such frames.
  • Spindle 10 is mounted with its axis 16 upright and it receives in use over its upper end a hollow bobbin 18. The bobbin is passed down over the spindle until a frusto-conical shoulder 20 on the bobbin engages a frusto-conical end surface 22 on the upper end of the spindle. The bobbin rests on the surface 22 alone. Surface 22 is formed on an endcap 24 having a shank 26 screw-threaded into the open upper end of the spindle. The material of this endcap may be different from that of the remainder of the spindle, being suitably hardened if required to form an accurate resting surface for the bobbin.
  • Just below the endcap, the spindle has two diametrically opposite grooves 28 passing completely through its wall. Secured to the shank 26 are two leaf springs 30 projecting through respective grooves 28 so that portions of the springs extend radially outwardly beyond the external surface of the spindle. When a bobbin is mounted on the spindle, the outwardly extending portions of the springs pass into grooves formed between longitudinal, internal ribs 32 in the interior of the bobbin and form a positive driving connection with the bobbin - as seen on the left hand side of Fig. 1. Should the springs be initially aligned with ribs instead of grooves, they will be pressed inwardly against their own resilience (as seen on the right hand side of Fig. 1) and will spring outwardly again as soon as the spindle has rotated slightly relative to the bobbin at the start of winding. The different disposition of the springs in Fig. 1 is for purposes of illustration of the two conditions only - in practice both springs align either with grooves or with ribs.
  • Below shoulder 20, the internal diameter of the bobbin is larger than the external diameter of the spindle, and a centralising ring 34 is provided on the spindle below the centre of gravity of the bobbin. Just above bolster 12, the spindle has an annular member 36 of trough section secured thereto, the open side of the trough facing upwardly and receiving the lower end of the bobbin. The inner wall 38 of the trough both secures it to the spindle and acts as a centering ring for the bobbin. The outer wall 40 of the trough has an inwardly projecting lip provided by a resilient ring 42 secured to wall 40 in any convenient manner.
  • The construction and dimensions of the ring are such that it is slightly expanded by the bobbin as the latter passes into the trough. Thus, the ring presents a resilient socket to receive the lower end of the bobbin. A roving tail suitably presented to the bobbin and support structure can be clamped between the outer cylindrical surface of the bobbin and the resilient lip 42 and is thereby secured to the bobbin for winding of a package 44 thereon.
  • Waste material can collect in the trough, which thereby protects the bearings in the bolster 12. It is to be particularly noted that the lower end face, that is the axially facing surface, 46 of the bobbin does not contact the bottom wall 48 of the trough so that the portion of the bobbin below shoulder 20 is dependent from the shoulder and does not provide support for the weight of the bobbin or package. Thus, accumulated waste in the trough does not adversely affect the disposition of the bobbin. As best seen in Figure 2, the lower end of the bobbin is provided by an array of teeth 50 which are evenly distributed around the full periphery of the bobbin. The roving tail passes into one of the gaps between the teeth when the bobbin first engages the ring 42, and the roving tail is thereby gathered together and supported and held in good condition for clamping. It will be noted that since clamping occurs between the lip 42 and an outwardly facing surface on the bobbin, i.e. a surface which does not produce any substantial force component supporting the bobbin, there is again no risk of disturbance of the disposition of the bobbin due to accumulated waste on the clamping surfaces.
  • The head portion of the bobbin projects above the spindle and comprises a chamber 52 between the shoulder 20 and a second internal shoulder 54 which also faces the dependent end of the bobbin. The mouth of the bobbin bore at the head thereof is formed with an inwardly convergent frusto-conical surface 56. The head thus formed facilitates automatic doffing of the bobbin with a completed package, since a doffer element with spring or gravity loaded, radially outwardly projecting fingers can push into the bobbin head so that the fingers can engage under the shoulder 54 and lift the bobbin off the spindle. A so-called Casablanca connector e.g. as disclosed in US-A-3 331 567 is suitable for this purpose.
  • The bobbin is made of synthetic plastics material. Preferably, the outer wall of the bobbin is made as a generally uniform section tube (but formed with the ribs 32) and the shoulders at the head are provided by an additional part inserted into the outer wall and welded thereto.
  • The invention is not limited to details of the illustrated embodiment. In principle, the bobbin support surface in the support structure may be on an element separate from the spindle which is required to hold the bobbin upright. However, it is clearly simpler to integrate the support and alignment functions in the one element. The internal shoulder which rests on the spindle is not necessarily continuous around the inner periphery of the bobbin. It could, for example, be provided by an array of sub-shoulders formed on the individual ribs 32, which can extend further upwards into the chamber 52. The position of the shoulder along the length of the bobbin can be varied, but preferably it is such as to enable use of the upper end of the spindle as the bobbin supporting surface thereon. The holder for the lip 42 is not necessarily formed as a trough, but it preferably has an undersurface protecting the bolster bearings. This can provide a labyrinth seal as seen at 58 in Figure 1.
  • Figure 2 illustrates the preferred form of the teeth 50, although this form is also not essential. As shown, the teeth have flanks disposed at an angle a, preferably about 60 degrees although 50 to 70 degrees is acceptable. Each tooth is short- about 3 mm is preferred, but 2 to 5 mm is acceptable. The spacing of the teeth at the lower edge of the bobbin may be about 5 mm, although 4 to 7 mm is acceptable. Finally, the outside of. each tooth is preferably chamfered, as indicated at B in Figure 2, to facilitate insertion into the lip clamp. A chamfer angle B of about 6 degrees is preferred although 4 to 8 degrees is acceptable.
  • The overall dimensions of the bobbin will depend upon the size of package to be produced, the dimensions of the roving machine, the design of automatic doffer and a variety of other factors. An important feature is the selection of the length of the dependent portion of the bobbin, i.e. the distance between the shoulder 20 and the end surface 46 of the teeth 50, so that this portion will hang from the endcap 24 and will not rest on the base of the trough 36.

Claims (14)

1. A bobbin support structure for a roving frame comprising a spindle (10); bobbin engaging means (22) on said spindle for engaging an internal shoulder of a tubular bobbin to support the bobbin; drive means (30) on said spindle for interengaging with a corresponding drive means on the bobbin interior to transmit a rotary drive force from said spindle to the bobbin; characterised by means (36, 42) on said spindle (10) and rotatable therewith for clamping a roving tail against an outwardly facing surface of the lower end of a received bobbin (18).
2. A structure as claimed in claim 1 characterised in that said means for clamping (36, 42) comprises an annular member (36) located on said spindle (10) to receive the foot of a bobbin (18) supported by said bobbin engaging means (22).
3. A structure as claimed in claim 2 characterised in that said annular member (36) forms a trough for receiving fibers separated from a roving tail.
4. A structure as claimed in claim 3 and further comprising a spindle bolster (12) and a bearing (14) mounted in an opening in said bolster for rotatably mounting said spindle (10) therein characterised in that said annular member (36) is disposed above said opening with said spindle (10) rotatably mounted in said bearing (14).
5. A structure as claimed in claim 4 characterised in that the side of said annular member (36) facing said bolster (12) and the facing surface of said bolster (12) are provided with interengaging portions (58) forming a seal around said opening.
6. A structure as claimed in any one of claims 3 to 5 characterised in that said annular member (36) comprises an upstanding portion (38) encircling said spindle (10) and engaging inside the interior of the lower end of said bobbin (18).
7. A structure as claimed in any one of claims 2 to 6 characterised in that said annular member (36) has an inwardly projecting resilient lip (42) to engage a bobbin (18) mounted on said spindle (10).
8. A structure as claimed in claim 7 characterised in that said lip (42) is an annular lip.
9. A structure as set forth in any preceding claim characterised in that said means for clamping (36, 42) is formed separately from said spindle (10) and is secured to said spindle (10) for rotation therewith.
10. A structure as claimed in any preceding claim in combination with a bobbin (18) seated on the bobbin engaging means (22) characterised in that the lower end of the bobbin (18) has means (50) to gather and hold a roving tail during movement of the bobbin (18) and the tail into a position in which the tail is clamped by said means for clamping (36, 42).
11. A structure as claimed in claim 10 characterised in that said means to gather (50) comprises a circumferential array of teeth to engage a roving tail.
12. A structure as claimed in claim 11 characterised in that each tooth (50) has flanks disposed at an angle of from 50 degrees to 70 degrees.
13. A structure as claimed in claim 12 characterised in that each tooth (50) has a length of 2 to 5 mm.
14. A structure as claimed in any one of claims 11 to 13 characterised in that the spacing of the teeth (50) at the lower end of the bobbin (18) is 4 to 7 mm.
EP80105188A 1979-09-28 1980-09-01 Bobbin and bobbin support for a roving frame Expired EP0026340B1 (en)

Priority Applications (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
AT80105188T ATE11666T1 (en) 1979-09-28 1980-09-01 COIL AND COIL CARRIER FOR A PRE-THREADING FRAME.

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
GB7933786A GB2059386B (en) 1979-09-28 1979-09-28 Bobbin and bobbin support for a roving frame
GB7933786 1979-09-28

Publications (3)

Publication Number Publication Date
EP0026340A2 EP0026340A2 (en) 1981-04-08
EP0026340A3 EP0026340A3 (en) 1982-06-30
EP0026340B1 true EP0026340B1 (en) 1985-02-06

Family

ID=10508162

Family Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
EP80105188A Expired EP0026340B1 (en) 1979-09-28 1980-09-01 Bobbin and bobbin support for a roving frame

Country Status (9)

Country Link
EP (1) EP0026340B1 (en)
JP (1) JPS5675351A (en)
AT (1) ATE11666T1 (en)
AU (1) AU544884B2 (en)
BR (1) BR8006187A (en)
DE (2) DE3070108D1 (en)
ES (1) ES8203113A1 (en)
GB (1) GB2059386B (en)
IN (1) IN157378B (en)

Families Citing this family (4)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
DE29712308U1 (en) * 1997-07-15 1997-09-18 Csm Gmbh Winding mandrel for sliver with winding sleeve
DE102004024848A1 (en) * 2004-05-13 2005-12-08 Wilhelm Stahlecker Gmbh Coupling between thread carrier and spindle top part of a spindle or twisting spindle
CN100347361C (en) * 2004-08-17 2007-11-07 江苏宏源纺机股份有限公司 Method for connecting bobbin axle with bobbin
CN113968522B (en) * 2020-07-23 2024-05-03 Ykk株式会社 Wire-shaped body tail wire holding clamp

Citations (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CH236212A (en) * 1939-04-24 1945-01-31 Staufert Carl Device for holding sleeves on spindles.

Family Cites Families (7)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
BE533343A (en) *
US2689692A (en) * 1951-10-09 1954-09-21 West Point Mfg Co Bobbin
US2783954A (en) * 1952-02-22 1957-03-05 Courtaulds Ltd Bobbin with tail-tie
CH545246A (en) * 1971-10-22 1973-12-15 Rieter Ag Maschf Mandrel for a sleeve as a spool carrier
JPS4935089A (en) * 1972-08-03 1974-04-01
JPS5237449B2 (en) * 1973-06-23 1977-09-22
GB1474673A (en) * 1975-01-29 1977-05-25 Gutermann Co Ag Spool for thread

Patent Citations (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CH236212A (en) * 1939-04-24 1945-01-31 Staufert Carl Device for holding sleeves on spindles.

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
IN157378B (en) 1986-03-15
BR8006187A (en) 1981-04-07
GB2059386B (en) 1983-07-06
EP0026340A3 (en) 1982-06-30
ES495763A0 (en) 1982-03-01
ATE11666T1 (en) 1985-02-15
GB2059386A (en) 1981-04-23
EP0026340A2 (en) 1981-04-08
AU6274080A (en) 1981-04-09
DE3070108D1 (en) 1985-03-21
DE3036349A1 (en) 1981-04-16
ES8203113A1 (en) 1982-03-01
JPS5675351A (en) 1981-06-22
AU544884B2 (en) 1985-06-20

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