EP0023566B1 - Building plate for a canal building machine - Google Patents

Building plate for a canal building machine Download PDF

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Publication number
EP0023566B1
EP0023566B1 EP80103526A EP80103526A EP0023566B1 EP 0023566 B1 EP0023566 B1 EP 0023566B1 EP 80103526 A EP80103526 A EP 80103526A EP 80103526 A EP80103526 A EP 80103526A EP 0023566 B1 EP0023566 B1 EP 0023566B1
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EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
vertical
plate per
sheeting plate
filler
sheeting
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Expired
Application number
EP80103526A
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German (de)
French (fr)
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EP0023566A2 (en
EP0023566A3 (en
Inventor
Josef Krings
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Individual
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Individual
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Publication date
Application filed by Individual filed Critical Individual
Priority to AT80103526T priority Critical patent/ATE3567T1/en
Publication of EP0023566A2 publication Critical patent/EP0023566A2/en
Publication of EP0023566A3 publication Critical patent/EP0023566A3/en
Application granted granted Critical
Publication of EP0023566B1 publication Critical patent/EP0023566B1/en
Expired legal-status Critical Current

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    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E02—HYDRAULIC ENGINEERING; FOUNDATIONS; SOIL SHIFTING
    • E02D—FOUNDATIONS; EXCAVATIONS; EMBANKMENTS; UNDERGROUND OR UNDERWATER STRUCTURES
    • E02D17/00—Excavations; Bordering of excavations; Making embankments
    • E02D17/02—Foundation pits
    • E02D17/04—Bordering surfacing or stiffening the sides of foundation pits

Definitions

  • the invention relates to a shoring plate for a duct installation device, consisting of vertical end profiles and a filling arranged between them, consisting of vertical, interconnected sheet metal profiles with a hollow box profile, preferably a C profile, and upper and lower, horizontal belt profiles connected thereto.
  • Shoring panels consist of steel or sheet steel profiles with a U, C or box profile which are arranged vertically or horizontally close to one another and welded to one another and are surrounded all around by frame profiles. (DE-B-1 956 337).
  • the filling consists of at least one filling package which is formed from vertical sheet metal profiles held together by means of at least one tie rod and upper and lower horizontal belt profiles connected to these, the respective outer sheet metal profiles having the slotted side point outside.
  • the tie rods largely avoid welding work.
  • the shoring plate can even be adapted to certain dimensions.
  • FIGS. 1 to 3 show in FIGS. 1 to 3 a shoring panel consisting of vertical end profiles 1 and a filling 2 arranged between them.
  • the filling 2 is composed in detail of two filling packs 3, 3 ', which in turn each consist of vertical, closely arranged sheet metal profiles 4 with a C-cross section, upper and lower horizontal belt profiles 5, 6 and tie rods 7. The latter serve to press together and hold together the loose, vertical sheet metal profiles.
  • the upper and lower horizontal belt profiles 5, 6 can be welded to the end faces of the vertical sheet metal profiles 4. However, it is expedient to use vertical tie rods 8 which are guided through the sheet metal profiles and supported on the webs of the belt profiles 5, 6 and which compress the filling package 3 or 3 'in the vertical direction.
  • the number and strength of the tie rods used result from the required static conditions, in particular the size of the filling package.
  • the stacked filling packages can be mechanically, for. B. by screws, clamps, pins or the like. Or be connected to one another by welding.
  • the vertical sheet metal profiles 4 are expediently arranged so that their slotted side faces outwards. It is possible to accommodate the turnbuckles, nuts or the like of the tie rods 7 within the sheet metal profiles 4.
  • the laminated cores 3, 3 ' can be detachable with suitable end profiles 1 designed as required, e.g. B. by screws or by the tie rods 7 or permanently connected by welding.
  • the end profiles 1, 1 ' can have any cross-sectional profile, depending on the way in which they are connected to adjacent shoring panels or guide supports.
  • they can have an H-profile that is accommodated in a suitable C-profile, not shown, or vice versa, corresponding to FIG. 5, a C-profile that engages in a support.
  • Other cross-sectional shapes are also possible.
  • the upper and lower belt profiles 5, 6 delimiting the shoring plate are sufficient to support the shoring plate to convey the required strength.
  • FIG. 6 shows, to insert the filling 2 'consisting of two filling packs 3, 3' which are connected to one another by tie rods 8 '(or in another way) in a profile frame 9 which consists of the end profiles 1 and upper and lower horizontal frame profiles 10, 11 is formed.
  • the type of connection is arbitrary.
  • the upper belt profile 5 or the upper frame profile 10 is covered with a crash protection 12 in a manner known per se.
  • This consists of a sheet metal plate on which a layer of rubber or the like is attached.
  • guide profiles 13 for the tendons 14 can be attached at a suitable location, each of which press opposing shoring panels in pairs against the duct walls.
  • These guide profiles 13 can be releasably or non-releasably connected to the end profiles 1 or to the belt profiles 5, 6 and can also extend over a plurality of filling packages 3, 3 '.
  • a known cutting device 15 can also be arranged under the lowest belt or frame profile 6 or 11.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Mining & Mineral Resources (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • General Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
  • Paleontology (AREA)
  • Civil Engineering (AREA)
  • Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
  • Structural Engineering (AREA)
  • Pit Excavations, Shoring, Fill Or Stabilisation Of Slopes (AREA)
  • Packaging Of Annular Or Rod-Shaped Articles, Wearing Apparel, Cassettes, Or The Like (AREA)
  • Bulkheads Adapted To Foundation Construction (AREA)
  • Forms Removed On Construction Sites Or Auxiliary Members Thereof (AREA)
  • Buffer Packaging (AREA)
  • Roof Covering Using Slabs Or Stiff Sheets (AREA)
  • Road Paving Structures (AREA)

Description

Die Erfindung betrifft eine Verbauplatte für eine Kanalverbauvorrichtung, bestehend aus lotrechten Endprofilen und einer zwischen diesen angeordneten Füllung aus lotrechten, miteinander verbundenen Blechprofilen mit Kastenhohlprofil, vorzugsweise C-Profil und hiermit verbundenen oberen und unteren, waagerechten Gurtprofilen.The invention relates to a shoring plate for a duct installation device, consisting of vertical end profiles and a filling arranged between them, consisting of vertical, interconnected sheet metal profiles with a hollow box profile, preferably a C profile, and upper and lower, horizontal belt profiles connected thereto.

Bekannt sind Verbauplatten, die aus lotrecht oder waagerecht dicht nebeneinander angeordneten und miteinander verschweißten Stahl-oder Stahlblechprofilen mit U-, C- oder Kastenprofil bestehen und ringsum von Rahmenprofilen umgeben sind. (DE-B-1 956 337).Shoring panels are known which consist of steel or sheet steel profiles with a U, C or box profile which are arranged vertically or horizontally close to one another and welded to one another and are surrounded all around by frame profiles. (DE-B-1 956 337).

Die hierfür erforderlichen langen Schweißnähte führten gelegentlich zu Verwerfungen der Verbauplatte oder erforderten eine umständliche Herstellung mit jeweils kurzen Schweißnahtstücken und Erwärmungszonen.The long weld seams required for this occasionally warped the shoring plate or required laborious production with short weld seam pieces and heating zones.

Eine Weiterentwicklung führte dazu, die Verbauplatte aus Profilrahmen und zwischen diesen mit Abstand angeordneten Verstärkungsprofilen zu bilden, die dann beiderseits von Blechplatten abgedeckt wurden. Diese Blechplatten wurden mittels Punktschweißung ggf. auch mit leichter Nahtschweißung mit den Profilen des Rahmens verbunden.A further development led to the formation of the sheeting plate from profile frames and between them spaced reinforcement profiles, which were then covered on both sides by sheet metal plates. These sheet metal plates were connected to the profiles of the frame by means of spot welding, if necessary also with slight seam welding.

Obgleich diese Verbauplatten sich gut bewährt haben, erfordern sie doch relativ teure Herstellungsanlagen, Fachpersonal und Lagerkosten. Es besteht daher das Bedürfnis, eine einfachere Konstruktion der Verbauplatte vorzusehen, bei der möglichst wenig Schweißarbeiten erforderlich sind.Although these shoring panels have proven their worth, they still require relatively expensive production systems, specialist personnel and storage costs. There is therefore a need to provide a simpler construction of the shoring plate that requires as little welding work as possible.

Diese Aufgabe wird gemäß der Erfindung dadurch gelöst, daß die Füllung aus mindestens einem Füllungspaket besteht, das aus mittels mindestens einem Zuganker zusammengehaltenen, lotrechten Blechprofilen und mit diesen verbundenen oberen und unteren waagerechten Gurtprofilen gebildet ist, wobei die jeweils äußeren Blechprofile mit der geschlitzten Seite nach außen weisen.This object is achieved according to the invention in that the filling consists of at least one filling package which is formed from vertical sheet metal profiles held together by means of at least one tie rod and upper and lower horizontal belt profiles connected to these, the respective outer sheet metal profiles having the slotted side point outside.

Durch die Zuganker werden Schweißarbeiten weitgehend vermieden. Die Verbauplatte kann ggf. sogar bestimmten Maßen angepaßt werden.The tie rods largely avoid welding work. The shoring plate can even be adapted to certain dimensions.

Weitere Ausgestaltungen der Erfindung ergeben sich aus den Unteransprüchen. Nachstehend ist die Erfindung beispielsweise anhand der Zeichnung näher erläutert, und zwar zeigt

  • Fig. 1 eine perspektivische Ansicht einer lotrecht geschnittenen Verbauplatte nach der Erfindung,
  • Fig. 2 einen lotrechten Querschnitt nach der Linie 11-11 in Fig. 1,
  • Fig. 3 einen lotrechten Längsschnitt nach der Linie 111-111 in Fig. 4 durch eine Verbauplatte,
  • Fig. 4 einen Querschnitt nach der Linie IV-IV in Fig. 3,
  • Fig. 5 einen Querschnitt entsprechend Fig. 4 durch eine andere Verbauplatte und
  • Fig. 6 einen lotrechten Längsschnitt ähnlich Fig. 3 durch eine andere Verbauplatte nach der Erfindung.
Further refinements of the invention result from the subclaims. The invention is explained in more detail below, for example with reference to the drawing, and shows
  • 1 is a perspective view of a vertically cut sheeting panel according to the invention,
  • 2 is a vertical cross section along the line 11-11 in Fig. 1,
  • 3 shows a vertical longitudinal section along the line 111-111 in FIG. 4 through a shoring plate,
  • 4 shows a cross section along the line IV-IV in FIG. 3,
  • 5 shows a cross section corresponding to FIG. 4 through another shoring plate and
  • Fig. 6 is a vertical longitudinal section similar to Fig. 3 through another shoring plate according to the invention.

Die Zeichnung zeigt in den Fig. 1 bis 3 eine Verbauplatte, die aus lotrechten Endprofilen 1 und einer zwischen diesen angeordneten Füllung 2 besteht.The drawing shows in FIGS. 1 to 3 a shoring panel consisting of vertical end profiles 1 and a filling 2 arranged between them.

Die Füllung 2 ist im einzelnen aus zwei Füllungspaketen 3, 3' zusammengesetzt, die ihrerseits jeweils aus lotrechten, dicht hintereinander gestellten Blechprofilen 4 mit C-Querschnitt, oberen und unteren waagerechten Gurtprofilen 5, 6 und Zugankern 7 bestehen. Letztere dienen dazu, die lose hintereinander stehenden lotrechten Blechprofile zusammenzudrücken und zusammenzuhalten.The filling 2 is composed in detail of two filling packs 3, 3 ', which in turn each consist of vertical, closely arranged sheet metal profiles 4 with a C-cross section, upper and lower horizontal belt profiles 5, 6 and tie rods 7. The latter serve to press together and hold together the loose, vertical sheet metal profiles.

Die oberen und unteren waagerechten Gurtprofile 5, 6 können mit den Stirnseiten der lotrechten Blechprofile 4 verschweißt sein. Zweckmäßig ist jedoch die Verwendung von lotrechten, durch die Blechprofile geführten und an den Stegen der Gurtprofile 5, 6 abgestützten Zugankern 8, die das Füllungspaket 3 bzw. 3' in lotrechter Richtung zusammendrücken.The upper and lower horizontal belt profiles 5, 6 can be welded to the end faces of the vertical sheet metal profiles 4. However, it is expedient to use vertical tie rods 8 which are guided through the sheet metal profiles and supported on the webs of the belt profiles 5, 6 and which compress the filling package 3 or 3 'in the vertical direction.

Die Anzahl und Stärke der verwendeten Zuganker ergibt sich aus den erforderlichen statischen Verhältnissen, insbesondere der Größe des Füllungspaketes.The number and strength of the tie rods used result from the required static conditions, in particular the size of the filling package.

Die übereinander angeordneten Füllungspakete können mechanisch, z. B. durch Schrauben, Klammern, Zapfen od. dgl. oder durch Schweißung miteinander verbunden sein.The stacked filling packages can be mechanically, for. B. by screws, clamps, pins or the like. Or be connected to one another by welding.

Es ist auch möglich, lotrechte Zuganker 8' durch mehr als ein Füllungspaket allein oder zusätzlich zu den übrigen Zugankern 8 zu legen und auf diese Weise eine Verbindung mehrerer Füllungspakete herbeizuführen (Fig. 6).It is also possible to lay vertical tie rods 8 'by more than one filling package alone or in addition to the other tie rods 8 and in this way to bring about a connection of several filling packages (FIG. 6).

Wie die Fig. 4 und 5 zeigen, sind die lotrechten Blechprofile 4 zweckmäßig so angeordnet, daß ihre geschlitzte Seite nach außen weist. So ist es möglich, die Spannschlösser, Muttern od. dgl. der Zuganker 7 innerhalb der Blechprofile 4 unterzubringen.4 and 5 show, the vertical sheet metal profiles 4 are expediently arranged so that their slotted side faces outwards. It is possible to accommodate the turnbuckles, nuts or the like of the tie rods 7 within the sheet metal profiles 4.

Die Blechpakete 3, 3' können mit geeigneten und je nach Bedarf ausgebildeten Endprofilen 1 lösbar, z. B. durch Schrauben oder auch durch die Zuganker 7 oder unlösbar durch Schweißung verbunden werden.The laminated cores 3, 3 'can be detachable with suitable end profiles 1 designed as required, e.g. B. by screws or by the tie rods 7 or permanently connected by welding.

Die Endprofile 1,1' können, wie die Fig. 4 und 5 zeigen, ein beliebiges Querschnittsprofil aufweisen, entsprechend der Art ihres Anschlusses an benachbarte Verbauplatten oder Führungsstützen. So können sie beispielsweise, wie Fig. 4 zeigt, ein H-Profil aufweisen, das in einem geeigneten, nicht dargestellten C-Profil aufgenommen ist, oder umgekehrt, entsprechend Fig. 5 ein C-Profil, das in eine Stütze eingreift. Andere Querschnittsformen sind ebenfalls möglich.As shown in FIGS. 4 and 5, the end profiles 1, 1 'can have any cross-sectional profile, depending on the way in which they are connected to adjacent shoring panels or guide supports. For example, as shown in FIG. 4, they can have an H-profile that is accommodated in a suitable C-profile, not shown, or vice versa, corresponding to FIG. 5, a C-profile that engages in a support. Other cross-sectional shapes are also possible.

In vielen Fällen werden die oberen und unteren, die Verbauplatte begrenzenden Gurtprofile 5, 6 ausreichen, um der Verbauplatte die erforderliche Festigkeit zu vermitteln. Wo dies nicht der Fall ist, ist es auch möglich, wie Fig. 6 zeigt, die aus zwei miteinander durch Zuganker 8' (oder auf andere Weise) verbundenen Füllungspaketen 3, 3' bestehende Füllung 2' in einen Profilrahmen 9 einzusetzen, der aus den Endprofilen 1 und oberen und unteren waagerechten Rahmenprofilen 10, 11 gebildet ist. Die Art der Verbindung ist beliebig.In many cases, the upper and lower belt profiles 5, 6 delimiting the shoring plate are sufficient to support the shoring plate to convey the required strength. Where this is not the case, it is also possible, as FIG. 6 shows, to insert the filling 2 'consisting of two filling packs 3, 3' which are connected to one another by tie rods 8 '(or in another way) in a profile frame 9 which consists of the end profiles 1 and upper and lower horizontal frame profiles 10, 11 is formed. The type of connection is arbitrary.

Wie Fig. 2 zeigt, ist das obere Gurtprofil 5 bzw. das obere Rahmenprofil 10 in an sich bekannter Weise mit einem Rammschutz 12 belegt. Dieser besteht aus einer Blechplatte, auf der eine Schicht aus Gummi od. dgl. befestigt ist.As shown in FIG. 2, the upper belt profile 5 or the upper frame profile 10 is covered with a crash protection 12 in a manner known per se. This consists of a sheet metal plate on which a layer of rubber or the like is attached.

Ferner können an der der späteren Kanalwand abgewandten Seite der Verbauplatte an geeigneter Stelle Führungsprofile 13 für die Spannglieder 14 angebracht sein, die jeweils paarweise einander gegenüberstehende Verbauplatten gegen die Kanalwände drücken. Diese Führungsprofile 13 können mit den Endprofilen 1 oder mit den Gurtprofilen 5, 6 lösbar oder unlösbar verbunden sein und sich auch über mehrere Füllungspakete 3, 3' erstrecken.In addition, on the side of the shoring panel facing away from the later duct wall, guide profiles 13 for the tendons 14 can be attached at a suitable location, each of which press opposing shoring panels in pairs against the duct walls. These guide profiles 13 can be releasably or non-releasably connected to the end profiles 1 or to the belt profiles 5, 6 and can also extend over a plurality of filling packages 3, 3 '.

Je nach Verwendungszweck kann unter dem untersten Gurt- bzw. Rahmenprofil 6 bzw. 11 auch eine bekannte Schneideeinrichtung 15 angeordnet sein.Depending on the intended use, a known cutting device 15 can also be arranged under the lowest belt or frame profile 6 or 11.

Zur Erhöhung der Festigkeit und zum gleichzeitigen Schutz gegen Korrosion ist es zweckmäßig, die Hohlräume der Füllungspakete 3, 3' mit geschäumtem Kunststoff auszufüllen.To increase the strength and at the same time protect against corrosion, it is advisable to fill the cavities of the filling packs 3, 3 'with foamed plastic.

Claims (11)

1. Sheeting plate for a trench sheeting arrangement consisting of vertical end-sections and of a filling panel mounted between these, and consisting of vertical, mutually connected sectional profiles made of metal sheets having the cross-section of a hollow box, preferably a C-cross-section, and of horizontal upper and lower profiled girders connected thereto, characterized in that the filling panel (2) consists of at least one filler pack (3, 3') formed by vertical metal-sheet sections (4) connected by at least one tie rod (7) and by upper and lower profiled girders (5 and 6, respectively) connected thereto, the endwise metal sheet sections (4) facing outward with their slotted side.
2. Sheeting plate per claim 1, characterized in that the vertical sectional profiles (1, 1') are detachably connected with each filler pack (3, 3').
3. Sheeting plate per claims 1 or 2, characterized in that the upper and lower profiled girders (5, 6) of a filler pack (3, 3') are connected by vertical tie rods (8) extending through the cavities formed by the metal-sheet sections (4).
4. Sheeting plate per one of the claims 1 through 3, characterized in that the upper and lower profiled girders (5, 6) of a filler pack (3, 3') are connected by welding to the ends of the metal-sheet sections (4) abutting them.
5. Sheeting plate per one of the claims 1 through 4, characterized in that the several filler packs (3, 3') mounted one above the other are connected by vertical tie rods (8').
6. Sheeting plate per one of the claims 1 through 5, characterized in that filling packs (3, 3') located one above the other are undetachably joined together by welding between the superposed profiled girders (5,6).
7. Sheeting plate per one of the claims 1 through 6, characterized in that the cavities of each filler pack (3,3') are filled with foam plastic.
8. Sheeting plate per one of the claims 1 through 7, characterized in that vertical guide sections (13) for the struts (14) are detachably mounted to the filler packs (3, 3') or to the end sections (1,1').
9. Sheeting plate per one of the claims 1 through 7, characterized in that one profiled guide section (13) for struts (14) in each case is bridgingly mounted to several filler-packs (3, 3') mounted above each other.
10. Sheeting plate per one of the claims 1 through 9, characterized in that a blade means (15) known per se is mounted underneath the lower profiled girder (6) of the lower filler pack (3).
11. Sheeting plate per one of the claims 1 through 10, characterized in that at least one filler pack (3, 3') is surrounded by a rigid frame consisting of vertical and horizontal elements (10,11) and is connected to said frame.
EP80103526A 1979-07-16 1980-06-24 Building plate for a canal building machine Expired EP0023566B1 (en)

Priority Applications (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
AT80103526T ATE3567T1 (en) 1979-07-16 1980-06-24 Shoring plate for a sewer shoring device.

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
DE7920284U 1979-07-16
DE19797920284U DE7920284U1 (en) 1979-07-16 1979-07-16 BUILT-IN BOARD FOR A CHANNEL INSTALLATION DEVICE

Publications (3)

Publication Number Publication Date
EP0023566A2 EP0023566A2 (en) 1981-02-11
EP0023566A3 EP0023566A3 (en) 1981-05-06
EP0023566B1 true EP0023566B1 (en) 1983-05-25

Family

ID=6705761

Family Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
EP80103526A Expired EP0023566B1 (en) 1979-07-16 1980-06-24 Building plate for a canal building machine

Country Status (20)

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US (1) US4372709A (en)
EP (1) EP0023566B1 (en)
JP (1) JPS5616724A (en)
AR (1) AR221937A1 (en)
AT (1) ATE3567T1 (en)
AU (1) AU516802B2 (en)
BR (1) BR6000491U (en)
CA (1) CA1138850A (en)
CS (1) CS216537B2 (en)
DE (1) DE7920284U1 (en)
DK (1) DK186980A (en)
ES (2) ES251856Y (en)
FI (1) FI800810A (en)
HU (1) HU179843B (en)
IL (1) IL59593A (en)
IN (1) IN151592B (en)
PH (1) PH17416A (en)
PL (1) PL122682B1 (en)
YU (1) YU39878B (en)
ZA (1) ZA801466B (en)

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DE10113818A1 (en) * 2001-03-21 2002-09-26 Richter Wolfgang Construction plate for lining a pit to secure the walls of a pipeline trench has recesses with removable bolt couplings for rotatably fixing braces about horizontal axes in pit lining
EP1554435A4 (en) * 2002-10-07 2008-12-31 Man-Yop Han Innovative prestressed scaffolding system
US7056067B2 (en) * 2003-10-03 2006-06-06 Max Kadiu Trench shoring device
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EP1983111A1 (en) * 2007-04-20 2008-10-22 BAUER Maschinen GmbH Formwork for limiting a diaphragm wall section, formwork element and method for manufacturing a diaphragm wall in the ground
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Cited By (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
DE3423853A1 (en) * 1984-06-28 1986-01-16 Krings International Inh. Josef Krings, 5138 Heinsberg MOUNTING DEVICE FOR TRENCH

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IL59593A (en) 1982-08-31
AR221937A1 (en) 1981-03-31
ES254985Y (en) 1981-11-01
PL223501A1 (en) 1981-02-27
AU516802B2 (en) 1981-06-25
ATE3567T1 (en) 1983-06-15
YU129380A (en) 1983-06-30
CA1138850A (en) 1983-01-04
JPS5616724A (en) 1981-02-18
DK186980A (en) 1981-01-17
ES251856Y (en) 1981-10-16
CS216537B2 (en) 1982-11-26
EP0023566A2 (en) 1981-02-11
FI800810A (en) 1981-01-17
BR6000491U (en) 1980-07-22
AU5641780A (en) 1981-03-26
ES251856U (en) 1981-04-01
US4372709A (en) 1983-02-08
DE7920284U1 (en) 1979-10-18
IL59593A0 (en) 1980-06-30
ES254985U (en) 1981-05-01
YU39878B (en) 1985-04-30
HU179843B (en) 1982-12-28
PL122682B1 (en) 1982-08-31
EP0023566A3 (en) 1981-05-06
ZA801466B (en) 1981-04-29
IN151592B (en) 1983-06-04
PH17416A (en) 1984-08-08

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