EP0023415A2 - A method of mounting ventilators, lights and the like in sealed relation to an opening and a preformed sealing material for use in such a method - Google Patents
A method of mounting ventilators, lights and the like in sealed relation to an opening and a preformed sealing material for use in such a method Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- EP0023415A2 EP0023415A2 EP80302519A EP80302519A EP0023415A2 EP 0023415 A2 EP0023415 A2 EP 0023415A2 EP 80302519 A EP80302519 A EP 80302519A EP 80302519 A EP80302519 A EP 80302519A EP 0023415 A2 EP0023415 A2 EP 0023415A2
- Authority
- EP
- European Patent Office
- Prior art keywords
- sealing material
- cladding
- fillet
- preformed
- mounting
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Withdrawn
Links
- 239000003566 sealing material Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 47
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 21
- 238000005253 cladding Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 31
- 238000007789 sealing Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 31
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 25
- 229920003225 polyurethane elastomer Polymers 0.000 claims abstract description 8
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 claims description 11
- 229920001971 elastomer Polymers 0.000 claims description 6
- 239000000806 elastomer Substances 0.000 claims description 6
- 238000007906 compression Methods 0.000 claims description 4
- 230000006835 compression Effects 0.000 claims description 4
- 230000015572 biosynthetic process Effects 0.000 claims description 3
- 230000003111 delayed effect Effects 0.000 claims description 2
- 238000011084 recovery Methods 0.000 claims description 2
- 229920002635 polyurethane Polymers 0.000 claims 2
- 239000000565 sealant Substances 0.000 claims 1
- 229920005862 polyol Polymers 0.000 description 9
- 150000003077 polyols Chemical class 0.000 description 9
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 9
- 239000003063 flame retardant Substances 0.000 description 5
- YXFVVABEGXRONW-UHFFFAOYSA-N Toluene Chemical compound CC1=CC=CC=C1 YXFVVABEGXRONW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 230000008602 contraction Effects 0.000 description 3
- 238000009423 ventilation Methods 0.000 description 3
- IXDMCRDIEUXFAU-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-(tribromomethyl)phenol Chemical compound OC1=CC=CC=C1C(Br)(Br)Br IXDMCRDIEUXFAU-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- UPMLOUAZCHDJJD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 4,4'-Diphenylmethane Diisocyanate Chemical compound C1=CC(N=C=O)=CC=C1CC1=CC=C(N=C=O)C=C1 UPMLOUAZCHDJJD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- XEEYBQQBJWHFJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N Iron Chemical compound [Fe] XEEYBQQBJWHFJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- UFWIBTONFRDIAS-UHFFFAOYSA-N Naphthalene Chemical compound C1=CC=CC2=CC=CC=C21 UFWIBTONFRDIAS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 229910019142 PO4 Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 230000002730 additional effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- MWPLVEDNUUSJAV-UHFFFAOYSA-N anthracene Chemical compound C1=CC=CC2=CC3=CC=CC=C3C=C21 MWPLVEDNUUSJAV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 125000003118 aryl group Chemical group 0.000 description 2
- 239000010425 asbestos Substances 0.000 description 2
- -1 chlorodibromo-phenyl Chemical group 0.000 description 2
- GYZLOYUZLJXAJU-UHFFFAOYSA-N diglycidyl ether Chemical compound C1OC1COCC1CO1 GYZLOYUZLJXAJU-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 2
- 239000002184 metal Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229910052751 metal Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- NBIIXXVUZAFLBC-UHFFFAOYSA-K phosphate Chemical compound [O-]P([O-])([O-])=O NBIIXXVUZAFLBC-UHFFFAOYSA-K 0.000 description 2
- 239000010452 phosphate Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229910052895 riebeckite Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- OZHJEQVYCBTHJT-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1,2,3,4,5-pentabromo-6-methylbenzene Chemical compound CC1=C(Br)C(Br)=C(Br)C(Br)=C1Br OZHJEQVYCBTHJT-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- HHPUADFPUXGYTC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1,2,3-tribromo-5-methylbenzene;1,2,5-tribromo-3-methylbenzene;1,3,5-tribromo-2-methylbenzene Chemical compound CC1=CC(Br)=C(Br)C(Br)=C1.CC1=CC(Br)=CC(Br)=C1Br.CC1=C(Br)C=C(Br)C=C1Br HHPUADFPUXGYTC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- QGZAUMUFTXCDBD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1,2-dibromonaphthalene Chemical compound C1=CC=CC2=C(Br)C(Br)=CC=C21 QGZAUMUFTXCDBD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- BSWWXRFVMJHFBN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2,4,6-tribromophenol Chemical compound OC1=C(Br)C=C(Br)C=C1Br BSWWXRFVMJHFBN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- NXDJUCJELBQDIQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2,4-dibromo-1-methylnaphthalene Chemical compound C1=CC=C2C(C)=C(Br)C=C(Br)C2=C1 NXDJUCJELBQDIQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- XQMVBICWFFHDNN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 5-amino-4-chloro-2-phenylpyridazin-3-one;(2-ethoxy-3,3-dimethyl-2h-1-benzofuran-5-yl) methanesulfonate Chemical compound O=C1C(Cl)=C(N)C=NN1C1=CC=CC=C1.C1=C(OS(C)(=O)=O)C=C2C(C)(C)C(OCC)OC2=C1 XQMVBICWFFHDNN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- UHOVQNZJYSORNB-UHFFFAOYSA-N Benzene Chemical compound C1=CC=CC=C1 UHOVQNZJYSORNB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- CTQNGGLPUBDAKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N O-Xylene Chemical compound CC1=CC=CC=C1C CTQNGGLPUBDAKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229920002125 Sokalan® Polymers 0.000 description 1
- YFUUOASYLJXOHN-UHFFFAOYSA-N [dibromo(chloro)methyl]benzene Chemical compound ClC(Br)(Br)C1=CC=CC=C1 YFUUOASYLJXOHN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000006096 absorbing agent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000009825 accumulation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 125000003342 alkenyl group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 125000003545 alkoxy group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 125000000217 alkyl group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 239000011260 aqueous acid Substances 0.000 description 1
- 150000001491 aromatic compounds Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- XITRBUPOXXBIJN-UHFFFAOYSA-N bis(2,2,6,6-tetramethylpiperidin-4-yl) decanedioate Chemical compound C1C(C)(C)NC(C)(C)CC1OC(=O)CCCCCCCCC(=O)OC1CC(C)(C)NC(C)(C)C1 XITRBUPOXXBIJN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 125000002837 carbocyclic group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 239000006229 carbon black Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000000295 complement effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 150000001875 compounds Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 238000004132 cross linking Methods 0.000 description 1
- 125000005442 diisocyanate group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- MCPKSFINULVDNX-UHFFFAOYSA-N drometrizole Chemical compound CC1=CC=C(O)C(N2N=C3C=CC=CC3=N2)=C1 MCPKSFINULVDNX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 125000003700 epoxy group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- RTZKZFJDLAIYFH-UHFFFAOYSA-N ether Substances CCOCC RTZKZFJDLAIYFH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000000945 filler Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000009472 formulation Methods 0.000 description 1
- HYBBIBNJHNGZAN-UHFFFAOYSA-N furfural Chemical compound O=CC1=CC=CO1 HYBBIBNJHNGZAN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 125000003055 glycidyl group Chemical group C(C1CO1)* 0.000 description 1
- 125000005843 halogen group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 230000012447 hatching Effects 0.000 description 1
- 125000001183 hydrocarbyl group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 125000002887 hydroxy group Chemical group [H]O* 0.000 description 1
- 206010022000 influenza Diseases 0.000 description 1
- 238000002347 injection Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000007924 injection Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000009434 installation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229910052742 iron Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 238000002386 leaching Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000000178 monomer Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000000465 moulding Methods 0.000 description 1
- SVHOVVJFOWGYJO-UHFFFAOYSA-N pentabromophenol Chemical compound OC1=C(Br)C(Br)=C(Br)C(Br)=C1Br SVHOVVJFOWGYJO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000004584 polyacrylic acid Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229920000137 polyphosphoric acid Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 239000003381 stabilizer Substances 0.000 description 1
- 125000001424 substituent group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- DVKJHBMWWAPEIU-UHFFFAOYSA-N toluene 2,4-diisocyanate Chemical compound CC1=CC=C(N=C=O)C=C1N=C=O DVKJHBMWWAPEIU-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000004078 waterproofing Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000008096 xylene Substances 0.000 description 1
Images
Classifications
-
- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E04—BUILDING
- E04D—ROOF COVERINGS; SKY-LIGHTS; GUTTERS; ROOF-WORKING TOOLS
- E04D13/00—Special arrangements or devices in connection with roof coverings; Protection against birds; Roof drainage ; Sky-lights
- E04D13/14—Junctions of roof sheathings to chimneys or other parts extending above the roof
- E04D13/147—Junctions of roof sheathings to chimneys or other parts extending above the roof specially adapted for inclined roofs
- E04D13/1473—Junctions of roof sheathings to chimneys or other parts extending above the roof specially adapted for inclined roofs specially adapted to the cross-section of the parts extending above the roof
- E04D13/1475—Junctions of roof sheathings to chimneys or other parts extending above the roof specially adapted for inclined roofs specially adapted to the cross-section of the parts extending above the roof wherein the parts extending above the roof have a generally rectangular cross-section
-
- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E04—BUILDING
- E04D—ROOF COVERINGS; SKY-LIGHTS; GUTTERS; ROOF-WORKING TOOLS
- E04D13/00—Special arrangements or devices in connection with roof coverings; Protection against birds; Roof drainage ; Sky-lights
- E04D13/03—Sky-lights; Domes; Ventilating sky-lights
- E04D13/0305—Supports or connecting means for sky-lights of flat or domed shape
- E04D13/031—Supports or connecting means for sky-lights of flat or domed shape characterised by a frame for connection to an inclined roof
Definitions
- the present invention relates to mounting equipment on buildings and concerns more particularly, but not exclusively, the mounting of ventilators on buildings.
- Industrial buildings may be clad with corrugated sheeting of many different transverse profiles.
- the sheeting is overlapped, a bottom or down-slope transverse edge portion of each sheet overlying a top, transverse edge portion of the next lower or down-slope sheet, and so on.
- the sheets also have longitudinal, overlapping edge portions at their side edges, extending in the direction of their corrugations each sheet having, for example, a corrugation along one side edge overlying a corrugation of the adjacent side edge of the adjacent sheet, and all the sheets being similarly arranged.
- a flashing strip is provided extending transversely, i.e. along the slope of the roof, the flashing strip underlying the roof ridge cap along an up-slope edge portion of the strip and overlying the ventilator frame along a down-slope edge portion of the strip. In this manner, water draining downwardly over the flashing strip is carried onto the outside of the ventilator frame and drains downwardly thereover.
- a sealing plate may be provided having a-transverse edge portion at its down-slope edge overlying a top, transverse edge portion of the ventilator frame, the transverse up-slope edge portion of the plate being flashed to the ridge cap in the manner described in the immediately preceding paragraph.
- the top, transverse edge portion of the ventilator frame may be flashed to a transverse lower edge portion of one or more of the roof sheets using a flashing strip.
- the constraint imposed on the positioning of a ventilator is often inconvenient.
- the provision of an over long sealing plate is expensive.
- the plate itself has to be fixed to the roof structure which creates further sealing problems.
- sealing strips are provided between the underside of the ventilator frame and the outside surface of the roof sheeting, there being, for example, one continuous, plane or sheet-form sealing strip held compressed between the underside of the frame and a corrugation ridge of the roof sheeting extending adjacent each downwardly sloping side edge of the ventilator frame and one profiled sealing strip, profiled to interfit with the corrugations of the roof sheeting, extending adjacent the bottom, transverse edge of the ventilator fr&me and held compressed between the frame and the roof sheeting.
- Such decking may extend, in one piece, from the eaves to the roof ridge and in this case, a special upstand or duct has to be provided in the decking to define each roof ventilation opening, the duct walls upstanding from the general plane of the decking on the outside of the roof to carry the ventilator, and in this way to effect sealing of the opening in the roof.
- the formation of such special ventilator upstands is costly and is preferably carried out prior to the installation of the decking.
- An object of the present invention is to provide an improved method and means for sealing a piece of equipment to a simple opening formed in cladding of a building which avoids the use of a flashing strip or an upstand.
- the present invention provides, in one aspect thereof, a method of mounting a piece of equipment in sealed relation to an opening in cladding of a building which includes the steps of securing the piece of equipment to the building, over the opening, with the interposition of preformed sealing material between a base flange of the equipment and the outside of the cladding, the preformed sealing material entirely surrounding the opening, forming a fillet or fillets of settable or hardenable material along the top, transverse edge of the base flange in contact with the preformed sealing material deployed adjacent that edge, and then allowing or causing the fillet material to set or harden.
- the fillet or fillets is or are formed to at least the level of the top, transverse edge of the upper surface of the base flange.
- the method of the present invention may further include sealing the gap between said overlapping sheet edge portions adjacent the upper edge of the fillet.
- the present invention further includes preformed sealing material for use with the method of the present invention, for deployment adjacent the top, transverse edge of the opening, the sealing material having a plane upper surface to engage under the ventilator base flange, and a profiled bottom surface, profiled in at least one of two directions at right angles, in said one direction to provide depending sealing lips or sealing bands and in the other direction, if necessary, to shape the lips or bands in conformity with the transverse profile of the cladding.
- the preformed sealing material may be in elongated strip form, the strip being elongated in the direction of the lips or bands.
- the lips or bands may include at least one step extending in said one direction to shape the lips or bands in conformity with the edge of an overlying, longitudinal edge portion of a cladding sheet of the building.
- the preformed sealing material may be in the form of correspondingly shaped segments, the lips or bands extending between ends of the segments shaped to interlock with one another transversely of the lips or bands when the segments are assembed end-to-end.
- one or more of the segments may have lips or bands including at least one step extending in said one direction to shape the lips or bands on the segment in conformity with the edge of an overlying, longitudinal edge portion of a cladding sheet of the building.
- the present invention still further provides the preformed sealing material of the invention, in combination with settable or hardenable fillet forming material, when sold as a kit for mounting a piece of equipment to the cladding of a building over an opening in the cladding, the preformed sealing material and the settable fillet forming materials being compatible materials for the purpose intended and being constituted as will now be described.
- the fillet forming material should be chosen of a material, which, when hardened or set, will bond to the intended cladding and to the preformed sealing material so as to form a waterproof seal with the cladding and with the preformed sealing material.
- the fillet forming material preferably has additional properties.
- the fillet forming material is preferably temperature stable when set, over a temperature range of -20°C to 80°C.
- it is stable to ultra-violet light and has fire retardant properties.
- the fillet forming material may comprise a pourable composition with a working time sufficient for it to be correctly placed and levelled before it sets and it should set without substantial contraction.
- the fillet forming material may comprise a shape maintaining, shapable composition with a working time sufficient for it to be correctly placed and shaped before it sets and, again, it should set without substantial contraction.
- both the fillet forming material and the preformed sealing material comprise a polyurethane elastomer.
- a sloping roof structure 10 of a building is clad with corrugated sheets 12 overlapped at their longitudinal side edges, as best seen in Fig. 2.
- the sheets are supported on purlins 14 which in turn carry an inner ceiling structure or lining 15.
- a trunking 16 defines a ventilation opening extending through the roof structure to a simple opening 17 cut in the sheeting 12.
- a ventilator 20 having a surrounding base flange 21 extending outwardly on all four sides of the ventilator casing 22 is bolted to the roof sheeting in conventional fashion.
- Plane sealing strips 30 are interposed between the ridges of two corrugations of the roof sheeting, and the flange 21 along the downwardly sloping sides of the ventilator seen in Figs.
- a profiled sealing strip 32 is interposed between the outside of the roof sheeting and the flange 21 at the transverse, down-slope edge of the ventilator seen in Fig. 2.
- the bottom surface of the strip 32 is profiled to interfit with the corrugations of the roof sheeting.
- the method of mounting the ventilator to the outside of the roof sheeting is conventional.
- a preformed strip 34 of sealing material is interposed between the base flange 21 and the outside of the roof sheeting along the top, transverse edge of the flange 21 so as to bridge the upper ends of the strips 30.
- the strip 34 may be in one piece, as illustrated in Fig. 7, having a plane upper surface 35 to engage the flat under surface of the base flange and a profiled bottom surface shaped in conformity with the corrugations of the roof sheeting and transversely of the strip, preferably as shown in Fig. 5(a) or Fig.
- the strip 34 may have a profiled bottom surface 38 profiled in two directions at right angles, in one direction to provide the depending sealing lips 36 or bands 37 and in the other direction to shape the sealing lips or sealing bands in conformity with the, transverse profile of the roof sheeting.
- the strip 34 may be profiled only in said other direction, the strip being rectangular in cross-section so as to appear flat on the bottom as seen in Fig. 5.
- the bottom surface 38 of the strip has at least one step 40 extending in said one direction, transversely of the strip to conform the bottom surface of the strip to the shape of the overlapped sheet portions seen in Fig. 2.
- the distance between the steps is made equal to the distance between the overlapped sheet portions for which the strip 34 is designed.
- the strip 34 is preformed to a predetermined shape depending upon the particular contour and dimensions of the corrugated roof sheeting with which it is to be used.
- Such a strip, or a strip with only one step 40 may be cut transversely into segments and the segments butt jointed end-to-end in a different order in order to position a step at the location of each roofing sheet overlap bounding the ventilation opening.
- a strip 34 having only one step 40 would have a length equal to the width of corrugated roof sheet for which it was designed.
- the strip 34 may be composed of preformed segments 45 of sealing material shaped as shown in Fig. 5 for example, having ends 46 and 47 shaped to interlock with one another transversely of the sealing lips 36 or the sealing bands 37 as seen in Fig. 3.
- the segments 45 may have interlocking ends as shown in Fig. 6(a) or Fig. 6(b).
- Many other different shapes e.g. a dovetail shape, are, of course, possible to meet the segment interlocking requirement which is provided to ensure that the segments 34 do not easily slip out of an aligned end-to-end position and so as to present a longer leakage path for water between adjacent ends of adjacent segments.
- a fillet 50 of settable or hardenable sealing material is poured along the top, transverse edge of the base flange 21 in contact with the strip 34 and the fillet hardened or allowed to set.
- the fillet 50 is poured-to the height of the transverse up-slope edge of the upper surface of the base flange 21 to carry water onto the upper surface of the base flange so that it can continue to drain downwardly over the outside of the roof structure.
- settable or hardenable sealing material indicated at 55 in Fig. 3 by double cross hatching, is injected into the space between the longitudinal overlapping sheet edge portions of the sheets 12 at the transverse, up-slope edge of the opening 17. Injection is performed through a hole 56 formed in the outer sheet 12 £ using any convenient form of sealing material injector.
- the fillet 50 is preferably chosen of a material which, when hardened or set, forms a waterproof seal with the roof sheeting and with the strip 34. To achieve such waterproofing, the fillet is required to bond to the roof sheeting and to the strip 34.
- the material forming the fillet 50 preferably has additional properties.
- the material is preferably temperature stable when hardened or set, over a temperature range of -20°C to 80°C.
- the fillet material is stable to ultra violet light and has fire retardant properties.
- the fillet should comprise a pourable composition with a working time sufficient for it to be correctly placed and levelled before it sets. It should set without substantial contraction.
- the material to form the fillet may comprise a polyurethane elastomer as used also for the strip 34 to which stabilisers, such as u.v. absorbers and carbon black, fillers and fire retardants have been added.
- a suitable formulation is:
- the preformed sealing strip 34 or segments 45 are suitably manufactured from a mouldable elastomer which has a low bulk modulus (typically less than 6 MPa, preferably less than 3 MPa), a low compression set, or residual strain (typically less than 0.15, preferably less than 0.10 and most preferably less than 0.05), and a delayed recovery (typically greater than 0.7 sec, preferably greater than 2 5ec and most preferably greater than 10 sec). It is preferred, by reason of its ease of moulding and the ready, reproducible variation which may be attained in its properties, that the elastomer is a polyurethane elastomer which, in order that the above properties are attained, suitably has a low branch molecular weight and very low degree of cross-linking.
- a low bulk modulus typically less than 6 MPa, preferably less than 3 MPa
- a low compression set, or residual strain typically less than 0.15, preferably less than 0.10 and most preferably less than 0.05
- a delayed recovery typically greater than
- Such a polyurethane elastomer may be prepared by reacting a diisocyanate, typically bis(4-isocyanatophenyl)methane or tolylene diisocyanate, with a stoichiometric excess of a blend of polyols wherein the molar ratio total OH:NCO is from 5:1 to 1.22:1.
- a diisocyanate typically bis(4-isocyanatophenyl)methane or tolylene diisocyanate
- the polyol blend comprises a major amount, preferably greater than 60% of the polyol blend, of a higher, preferably greater than 1200, average molecular weight polyol with a corresponding amount of a lower, preferably less than 600, average molecular weight polyol with a corresponding amount of a lower, preferably less than 600, average molecular weight polyol.
- a suitable such polyol blend is supplied as PM735X by Bostik Limited.
- the strip 34 may be rendered non-burning or self- extinguishing by incorporating in one or both of the reactive components, preferably the polyol blend, at least one halogenated aromatic compound of the formula: Ar(Br) m (Cl) n R wherein:
- Ar represents an aromatic, preferably carbocyclic, valent group
- R represents a hydroxyl group or a monovalent substituted or unsubstituted hydrocarbyl or hydrocarboxyl group; m is 3 or more; and n is 0, 1 or 2.
- the aromatic group is preferably derivable from benzine,toluene, xylene, naphthalene or anthracene; R is preferably a substituted or unsubstituted, straight or branched chain alkyl, alkoxyl, alkenyl, or alkenoxyl. Suitable substituents may be halogen atoms or the epoxy group. A particularly suitable such group is the epoxy- substituted alkoxyl group, the glycidyl group. Such a group is reactive with the polyurethane elastomer, its prepolymers and monomers, thereby binding the fire retardant compound to the elastomer obviating its loss by leaching.
- Examples include pentabromophenol, tribromophenol, tribromotoluene, pentabromotoluene, chlorodibromo- toluene, chlorodibromo-phenyl allyl ether, dibromonaphthalene, 2,4 - dibromo-1-methylnaphthalene, tribromocresol and its glycidyl ether.
- n co-fire- retardant is especially preferred to include, as co-fire- retardant, a trianyl phosphate.
- n co-retardant is preferably present in an atomic ratio of Br:P of 3:1 to 1:1.
- This invention is applicable to mounting equipment such as ventilators, lights, flues, air intakes and exhausts and so on, on buildings clad with any known form of sheeting or decking of metal, asbestos or otherwise, and these terms are to be taken to extend to box rib sheeting, trough rib sheeting, combined sheeting, and sheeting cladding or tiles sold under such trade names as SNAPRIB, MAGNUM, TROFSEC, FURAL, BUTLERIB, BANTILE, MONAD, FORT, ATLAS, TRAFFORD ALCAN and WATFORD.
- the composition to compose the fillet is formulated with a stiffer, shapable, shape maintaining consistency to enable it to be correctly placed, and to retain its place, using a trowel, instead of being pourable.
- the fillet material is preferably formulated as hereinbefore described in the specific embodiment.
- a longitudinal fillet of settable or hardenable sealing material 55' may be formed along the edge of the overlying sheet 12 before the fillet 50 is formed.
- the longitudinal fillet should extend from the opening 17 to a height or level above the top of the intended fillet 50 generally as shown in Fig. 3.
- the fillet or fillets 50 as described with reference to the accompanying drawings provide a back-up for the strip 34 or the segments 45 designed absolutely to guarantee sealing.
- the fillets 50 function ideally, to prevent the accumulation of water in the roof corrugations on the up slope side of the strip 34 or the segments 45, by running off the water, but also they function ideally to prevent water actually reaching the upslope face of the strip 34 or the segments 45. Neither of these functions is, however, absolutely essential to an effective sealing performance when using a polyurethane elastomer 0 f the preferred kind as specifically described.
- the fillet or fillets 50 when using such an elastomer to form the strip 34 or the segments 45, its ability to conform to the shape of the surfaces between which it is interposed and its very low compression set enables the fillet or fillets 50 to be omitted altogether, if desired, or, if not omitted, the fillet or fillets may be formed of any suitable material which nevertheless does not necessarily form a waterproof seal with the roof sheeting and with the strip 34. In the latter case the fillet or fillets function simply to run off the water or most of the water from the upslope face of the strip 34 or the segments 45. Such omission is possible even where the mounting is subject to vibration due to traffic or machinery operating,which is surprising.
Landscapes
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Architecture (AREA)
- Civil Engineering (AREA)
- Structural Engineering (AREA)
- Building Environments (AREA)
- Casings For Electric Apparatus (AREA)
- Specific Sealing Or Ventilating Devices For Doors And Windows (AREA)
- Roof Covering Using Slabs Or Stiff Sheets (AREA)
Abstract
Description
- The present invention relates to mounting equipment on buildings and concerns more particularly, but not exclusively, the mounting of ventilators on buildings.
- Industrial buildings may be clad with corrugated sheeting of many different transverse profiles. To provide proper weathering, the sheeting is overlapped, a bottom or down-slope transverse edge portion of each sheet overlying a top, transverse edge portion of the next lower or down-slope sheet, and so on. The sheets also have longitudinal, overlapping edge portions at their side edges, extending in the direction of their corrugations each sheet having, for example, a corrugation along one side edge overlying a corrugation of the adjacent side edge of the adjacent sheet, and all the sheets being similarly arranged.
- In order to mount a ventilator on a building clad with sheeting in the manner just described, it is necessary to provide a hole in the sheeting and to flash the top, transverse edge of the mounting flange of the ventilator to the building. Thus, where the ventilator is to be mounted at the top of a roof slope immediately next to the roof ridge, a flashing strip is provided extending transversely, i.e. along the slope of the roof, the flashing strip underlying the roof ridge cap along an up-slope edge portion of the strip and overlying the ventilator frame along a down-slope edge portion of the strip. In this manner, water draining downwardly over the flashing strip is carried onto the outside of the ventilator frame and drains downwardly thereover.
- If it is desired to mount the ventilator further down the roof slope, a sealing plate may be provided having a-transverse edge portion at its down-slope edge overlying a top, transverse edge portion of the ventilator frame, the transverse up-slope edge portion of the plate being flashed to the ridge cap in the manner described in the immediately preceding paragraph. Alternatively, the top, transverse edge portion of the ventilator frame may be flashed to a transverse lower edge portion of one or more of the roof sheets using a flashing strip. In the latter case, the constraint imposed on the positioning of a ventilator is often inconvenient. On the other hand, the provision of an over long sealing plate is expensive. Also, the plate itself has to be fixed to the roof structure which creates further sealing problems.
- As so far described, nothing has been said concerning the sealing of the ventilator frame to the roof sheeting along its downwardly sloping side edges and along its bottom, transverse edge. To effect these seals, sealing strips are provided between the underside of the ventilator frame and the outside surface of the roof sheeting, there being, for example, one continuous, plane or sheet-form sealing strip held compressed between the underside of the frame and a corrugation ridge of the roof sheeting extending adjacent each downwardly sloping side edge of the ventilator frame and one profiled sealing strip, profiled to interfit with the corrugations of the roof sheeting, extending adjacent the bottom, transverse edge of the ventilator fr&me and held compressed between the frame and the roof sheeting.
- Instead of overlapping sheeting, profiled, metal decking is sometimes used to roof industrial buildings. Such decking may extend, in one piece, from the eaves to the roof ridge and in this case, a special upstand or duct has to be provided in the decking to define each roof ventilation opening, the duct walls upstanding from the general plane of the decking on the outside of the roof to carry the ventilator, and in this way to effect sealing of the opening in the roof. The formation of such special ventilator upstands is costly and is preferably carried out prior to the installation of the decking.
- An object of the present invention is to provide an improved method and means for sealing a piece of equipment to a simple opening formed in cladding of a building which avoids the use of a flashing strip or an upstand.
- The present invention provides, in one aspect thereof, a method of mounting a piece of equipment in sealed relation to an opening in cladding of a building which includes the steps of securing the piece of equipment to the building, over the opening, with the interposition of preformed sealing material between a base flange of the equipment and the outside of the cladding, the preformed sealing material entirely surrounding the opening, forming a fillet or fillets of settable or hardenable material along the top, transverse edge of the base flange in contact with the preformed sealing material deployed adjacent that edge, and then allowing or causing the fillet material to set or harden.
- Preferably, the fillet or fillets is or are formed to at least the level of the top, transverse edge of the upper surface of the base flange.
- In the case where the opening has a top, transverse edge which includes overlapping sheet edge portions of the cladding, the method of the present invention may further include sealing the gap between said overlapping sheet edge portions adjacent the upper edge of the fillet.
- The present invention further includes preformed sealing material for use with the method of the present invention, for deployment adjacent the top, transverse edge of the opening, the sealing material having a plane upper surface to engage under the ventilator base flange, and a profiled bottom surface, profiled in at least one of two directions at right angles, in said one direction to provide depending sealing lips or sealing bands and in the other direction, if necessary, to shape the lips or bands in conformity with the transverse profile of the cladding. The preformed sealing material may be in elongated strip form, the strip being elongated in the direction of the lips or bands.
- In this case, the lips or bands may include at least one step extending in said one direction to shape the lips or bands in conformity with the edge of an overlying, longitudinal edge portion of a cladding sheet of the building.
- Alternatively, the preformed sealing material may be in the form of correspondingly shaped segments, the lips or bands extending between ends of the segments shaped to interlock with one another transversely of the lips or bands when the segments are assembed end-to-end.
- In this case, one or more of the segments may have lips or bands including at least one step extending in said one direction to shape the lips or bands on the segment in conformity with the edge of an overlying, longitudinal edge portion of a cladding sheet of the building.
- The present invention still further provides the preformed sealing material of the invention, in combination with settable or hardenable fillet forming material, when sold as a kit for mounting a piece of equipment to the cladding of a building over an opening in the cladding, the preformed sealing material and the settable fillet forming materials being compatible materials for the purpose intended and being constituted as will now be described.
- The fillet forming material should be chosen of a material, which, when hardened or set, will bond to the intended cladding and to the preformed sealing material so as to form a waterproof seal with the cladding and with the preformed sealing material.
- The fillet forming material preferably has additional properties. Thus, the fillet forming material is preferably temperature stable when set, over a temperature range of -20°C to 80°C. Preferably also, it is stable to ultra-violet light and has fire retardant properties.
- The fillet forming material may comprise a pourable composition with a working time sufficient for it to be correctly placed and levelled before it sets and it should set without substantial contraction.
- Alternatively, the fillet forming material may comprise a shape maintaining, shapable composition with a working time sufficient for it to be correctly placed and shaped before it sets and, again, it should set without substantial contraction.
- Preferably, both the fillet forming material and the preformed sealing material comprise a polyurethane elastomer.
- Specific embodiments of the present invention in both its method and apparatus aspects, will now be described by way of example, and not by way of limitation, with reference to the accompanying drawings in which:-
- Fig. 1 is a cross-section of a roof structure showing a ventilator mounted thereon by a method in accordance with the present invention;
- Fig. 2 is a view of the ventilator looking up the slope of the roof structure;
- Fig. 3 is a plan view of the ventilator shown in Figs. 1 and 2;
- Fig. 4 is a perspective view of a preformed segment of sealing material in accordance with the present invention;
- Figs. 5(a) to (d) are cross-sections showing different profiles of the bottom surface of the segment shown in Fig. 4;
- Figs. 6(a) and (b) show different interlocking end shapes for preformed segments of sealing material in accordance with the present invention; and
- Fig. 7 is an elevation of a preformed strip of sealing material in accordance with the present invention.
- With reference now to the accompanying drawings, a sloping
roof structure 10 of a building is clad withcorrugated sheets 12 overlapped at their longitudinal side edges, as best seen in Fig. 2. The sheets are supported onpurlins 14 which in turn carry an inner ceiling structure or lining 15. Atrunking 16 defines a ventilation opening extending through the roof structure to asimple opening 17 cut in thesheeting 12. Aventilator 20 having a surroundingbase flange 21 extending outwardly on all four sides of theventilator casing 22 is bolted to the roof sheeting in conventional fashion.Plane sealing strips 30 are interposed between the ridges of two corrugations of the roof sheeting, and theflange 21 along the downwardly sloping sides of the ventilator seen in Figs. 1 and 3 and a profiledsealing strip 32 is interposed between the outside of the roof sheeting and theflange 21 at the transverse, down-slope edge of the ventilator seen in Fig. 2. The bottom surface of thestrip 32 is profiled to interfit with the corrugations of the roof sheeting. - As so far described, the method of mounting the ventilator to the outside of the roof sheeting is conventional.
- Instead of flashing the top, transverse edge of the
base flange 21 to the down-slope transverse edge of aroof sheet 12 or to a sealing plate in turn flashed to the ridge cap of the roof, apreformed strip 34 of sealing material is interposed between thebase flange 21 and the outside of the roof sheeting along the top, transverse edge of theflange 21 so as to bridge the upper ends of thestrips 30. Thestrip 34 may be in one piece, as illustrated in Fig. 7, having a planeupper surface 35 to engage the flat under surface of the base flange and a profiled bottom surface shaped in conformity with the corrugations of the roof sheeting and transversely of the strip, preferably as shown in Fig. 5(a) or Fig. 5(b) or Fig. 5(c) or Fig. 5(d) so as to present depending sealinglips 36 orsealing bands 37 to engage the outside of the roof sheeting. Thus, thestrip 34 may have a profiledbottom surface 38 profiled in two directions at right angles, in one direction to provide the dependingsealing lips 36 orbands 37 and in the other direction to shape the sealing lips or sealing bands in conformity with the, transverse profile of the roof sheeting. However, thestrip 34 may be profiled only in said other direction, the strip being rectangular in cross-section so as to appear flat on the bottom as seen in Fig. 5. - The
bottom surface 38 of the strip has at least onestep 40 extending in said one direction, transversely of the strip to conform the bottom surface of the strip to the shape of the overlapped sheet portions seen in Fig. 2. - Where the
strip 34 is provided with more than onestep 40, the distance between the steps is made equal to the distance between the overlapped sheet portions for which thestrip 34 is designed. Thus, thestrip 34 is preformed to a predetermined shape depending upon the particular contour and dimensions of the corrugated roof sheeting with which it is to be used. Such a strip, or a strip with only onestep 40, may be cut transversely into segments and the segments butt jointed end-to-end in a different order in order to position a step at the location of each roofing sheet overlap bounding the ventilation opening. Astrip 34 having only onestep 40 would have a length equal to the width of corrugated roof sheet for which it was designed. - As an alternative, the
strip 34 may be composed ofpreformed segments 45 of sealing material shaped as shown in Fig. 5 for example, havingends sealing lips 36 or thesealing bands 37 as seen in Fig. 3. Instead of having chevron-shapedcomplementary ends segments 45 may have interlocking ends as shown in Fig. 6(a) or Fig. 6(b). Many other different shapes e.g. a dovetail shape, are, of course, possible to meet the segment interlocking requirement which is provided to ensure that thesegments 34 do not easily slip out of an aligned end-to-end position and so as to present a longer leakage path for water between adjacent ends of adjacent segments. - To prevent standing water accumulating in the corrugations of the roof sheeting against the up-slope face of the
strip 34, afillet 50 of settable or hardenable sealing material is poured along the top, transverse edge of thebase flange 21 in contact with thestrip 34 and the fillet hardened or allowed to set. As seen in Fig. 1, thefillet 50 is poured-to the height of the transverse up-slope edge of the upper surface of thebase flange 21 to carry water onto the upper surface of the base flange so that it can continue to drain downwardly over the outside of the roof structure. - Finally, settable or hardenable sealing material, indicated at 55 in Fig. 3 by double cross hatching, is injected into the space between the longitudinal overlapping sheet edge portions of the
sheets 12 at the transverse, up-slope edge of theopening 17. Injection is performed through ahole 56 formed in theouter sheet 12£using any convenient form of sealing material injector. - The
fillet 50 is preferably chosen of a material which, when hardened or set, forms a waterproof seal with the roof sheeting and with thestrip 34. To achieve such waterproofing, the fillet is required to bond to the roof sheeting and to thestrip 34. The material forming thefillet 50 preferably has additional properties. Thus, the material is preferably temperature stable when hardened or set, over a temperature range of -20°C to 80°C. Preferably also, the fillet material is stable to ultra violet light and has fire retardant properties. - It is desirable in the present example, that the fillet should comprise a pourable composition with a working time sufficient for it to be correctly placed and levelled before it sets. It should set without substantial contraction. Conveniently, the material to form the fillet may comprise a polyurethane elastomer as used also for the
strip 34 to which stabilisers, such as u.v. absorbers and carbon black, fillers and fire retardants have been added. A suitable formulation is: - pph. Source Polyol (40%) 29.6 PM735X ex Bostik Ltd. Tribromocresol, glycidyl ether 2.0 BROC ex Albright &
- Trianyl phosphate 4.0 Albright & Wilson Filler 60.9
- Antidegradant 0.3 Tinuvin P & Tinuvin 770 ex Ciba-Geigy Ltd.
- Bis-(4-isocyanatophenyl)methane 3.2 Upjohn
- It is advantageous, for improved adherence between the fillet and asbestos or iron roof sheets to prime the roof sheets with an aqueous acid, e.g. polyacrylic acid or polyphosphoric acid prior to pouring the fillet.
- The preformed sealing
strip 34 orsegments 45 are suitably manufactured from a mouldable elastomer which has a low bulk modulus (typically less than 6 MPa, preferably less than 3 MPa), a low compression set, or residual strain (typically less than 0.15, preferably less than 0.10 and most preferably less than 0.05), and a delayed recovery (typically greater than 0.7 sec, preferably greater than 2 5ec and most preferably greater than 10 sec). It is preferred, by reason of its ease of moulding and the ready, reproducible variation which may be attained in its properties, that the elastomer is a polyurethane elastomer which, in order that the above properties are attained, suitably has a low branch molecular weight and very low degree of cross-linking. Such a polyurethane elastomer may be prepared by reacting a diisocyanate, typically bis(4-isocyanatophenyl)methane or tolylene diisocyanate, with a stoichiometric excess of a blend of polyols wherein the molar ratio total OH:NCO is from 5:1 to 1.22:1. Suitably, the polyol blend comprises a major amount, preferably greater than 60% of the polyol blend, of a higher, preferably greater than 1200, average molecular weight polyol with a corresponding amount of a lower, preferably less than 600, average molecular weight polyol with a corresponding amount of a lower, preferably less than 600, average molecular weight polyol. A suitable such polyol blend is supplied as PM735X by Bostik Limited. - The
strip 34 may be rendered non-burning or self- extinguishing by incorporating in one or both of the reactive components, preferably the polyol blend, at least one halogenated aromatic compound of the formula:
Ar(Br)m (Cl)nR
wherein: - Ar represents an aromatic, preferably carbocyclic, valent group;
- R represents a hydroxyl group or a monovalent substituted or unsubstituted hydrocarbyl or hydrocarboxyl group;
m is 3 or more; and
n is 0, 1 or 2. - The aromatic group is preferably derivable from benzine,toluene, xylene, naphthalene or anthracene; R is preferably a substituted or unsubstituted, straight or branched chain alkyl, alkoxyl, alkenyl, or alkenoxyl. Suitable substituents may be halogen atoms or the epoxy group. A particularly suitable such group is the epoxy- substituted alkoxyl group, the glycidyl group. Such a group is reactive with the polyurethane elastomer, its prepolymers and monomers, thereby binding the fire retardant compound to the elastomer obviating its loss by leaching. Examples include pentabromophenol, tribromophenol, tribromotoluene, pentabromotoluene, chlorodibromo- toluene, chlorodibromo-phenyl allyl ether, dibromonaphthalene, 2,4 - dibromo-1-methylnaphthalene, tribromocresol and its glycidyl ether.
- It is especially preferred to include, as co-fire- retardant, a trianyl phosphate. Such n co-retardant is preferably present in an atomic ratio of Br:P of 3:1 to 1:1.
- This invention is applicable to mounting equipment such as ventilators, lights, flues, air intakes and exhausts and so on, on buildings clad with any known form of sheeting or decking of metal, asbestos or otherwise, and these terms are to be taken to extend to box rib sheeting, trough rib sheeting, combined sheeting, and sheeting cladding or tiles sold under such trade names as SNAPRIB, MAGNUM, TROFSEC, FURAL, BUTLERIB, BANTILE, MONAD, FORT, ATLAS, TRAFFORD ALCAN and WATFORD.
- Where the equipment is to be mounted on a wall of the building, the composition to compose the fillet is formulated with a stiffer, shapable, shape maintaining consistency to enable it to be correctly placed, and to retain its place, using a trowel, instead of being pourable. In all other respects the fillet material is preferably formulated as hereinbefore described in the specific embodiment.
- Instead of injecting sealing material into the space at 55, a longitudinal fillet of settable or hardenable sealing material 55' may be formed along the edge of the
overlying sheet 12 before thefillet 50 is formed. The longitudinal fillet should extend from theopening 17 to a height or level above the top of the intendedfillet 50 generally as shown in Fig. 3. - It is to be appreciated that the fillet or
fillets 50 as described with reference to the accompanying drawings provide a back-up for thestrip 34 or thesegments 45 designed absolutely to guarantee sealing. To this end, not only do thefillets 50 function ideally, to prevent the accumulation of water in the roof corrugations on the up slope side of thestrip 34 or thesegments 45, by running off the water, but also they function ideally to prevent water actually reaching the upslope face of thestrip 34 or thesegments 45. Neither of these functions is, however, absolutely essential to an effective sealing performance when using a polyurethane elastomer 0f the preferred kind as specifically described. Thus, when using such an elastomer to form thestrip 34 or thesegments 45, its ability to conform to the shape of the surfaces between which it is interposed and its very low compression set enables the fillet orfillets 50 to be omitted altogether, if desired, or, if not omitted, the fillet or fillets may be formed of any suitable material which nevertheless does not necessarily form a waterproof seal with the roof sheeting and with thestrip 34. In the latter case the fillet or fillets function simply to run off the water or most of the water from the upslope face of thestrip 34 or thesegments 45. Such omission is possible even where the mounting is subject to vibration due to traffic or machinery operating,which is surprising.
Claims (14)
Applications Claiming Priority (2)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
GB7926267 | 1979-07-27 | ||
GB7926267 | 1979-07-27 |
Publications (2)
Publication Number | Publication Date |
---|---|
EP0023415A2 true EP0023415A2 (en) | 1981-02-04 |
EP0023415A3 EP0023415A3 (en) | 1981-03-18 |
Family
ID=10506825
Family Applications (1)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
---|---|---|---|
EP80302519A Withdrawn EP0023415A3 (en) | 1979-07-27 | 1980-07-24 | A method of mounting ventilators, lights and the like in sealed relation to an opening and a preformed sealing material for use in such a method |
Country Status (5)
Country | Link |
---|---|
EP (1) | EP0023415A3 (en) |
AU (1) | AU6047280A (en) |
DK (1) | DK323280A (en) |
NO (1) | NO802259L (en) |
ZA (1) | ZA804491B (en) |
Cited By (5)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
FR2624166A1 (en) * | 1987-12-07 | 1989-06-09 | Safiza Sa | VENTILATION OR AERATION AND / OR LIGHTING DEVICES TO BE PLACED INTO THE WALL OF THE BUILDINGS |
EP0320343A1 (en) * | 1987-12-04 | 1989-06-14 | Michel Goubaud | Covering element, particularly a ridge covering, with elastic sealing strips |
FR2630482A2 (en) * | 1988-04-21 | 1989-10-27 | Goubaud Michel | Roof ridge infill piece with elastically deformable sealing strip(s) |
US20120321899A1 (en) * | 2011-06-15 | 2012-12-20 | Nicola Schoots | Polyurethane Panel |
CN111075309A (en) * | 2019-12-02 | 2020-04-28 | 苏州臻品建筑装饰有限公司 | Method for mounting aluminum alloy door and window |
Citations (3)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
GB849960A (en) * | 1958-09-08 | 1960-09-28 | Henry Andrew Harry | Multi-ribbed sealing strip |
US3423889A (en) * | 1966-07-26 | 1969-01-28 | Award Metals Co | Pitched wall and roof seal |
US4017090A (en) * | 1973-07-16 | 1977-04-12 | Construction Fasteners, Inc. | Closure strip |
-
1980
- 1980-07-17 AU AU60472/80A patent/AU6047280A/en not_active Abandoned
- 1980-07-24 ZA ZA00804491A patent/ZA804491B/en unknown
- 1980-07-24 EP EP80302519A patent/EP0023415A3/en not_active Withdrawn
- 1980-07-25 NO NO802259A patent/NO802259L/en unknown
- 1980-07-25 DK DK323280A patent/DK323280A/en unknown
Patent Citations (3)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
GB849960A (en) * | 1958-09-08 | 1960-09-28 | Henry Andrew Harry | Multi-ribbed sealing strip |
US3423889A (en) * | 1966-07-26 | 1969-01-28 | Award Metals Co | Pitched wall and roof seal |
US4017090A (en) * | 1973-07-16 | 1977-04-12 | Construction Fasteners, Inc. | Closure strip |
Cited By (7)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
EP0320343A1 (en) * | 1987-12-04 | 1989-06-14 | Michel Goubaud | Covering element, particularly a ridge covering, with elastic sealing strips |
FR2624166A1 (en) * | 1987-12-07 | 1989-06-09 | Safiza Sa | VENTILATION OR AERATION AND / OR LIGHTING DEVICES TO BE PLACED INTO THE WALL OF THE BUILDINGS |
EP0320406A1 (en) * | 1987-12-07 | 1989-06-14 | Safiza S.A. | Ventilation or lighting apparatus to be fixed onto a wall of a building |
FR2630482A2 (en) * | 1988-04-21 | 1989-10-27 | Goubaud Michel | Roof ridge infill piece with elastically deformable sealing strip(s) |
US20120321899A1 (en) * | 2011-06-15 | 2012-12-20 | Nicola Schoots | Polyurethane Panel |
US8668988B2 (en) * | 2011-06-15 | 2014-03-11 | Nicola Schoots | Polyurethane panel |
CN111075309A (en) * | 2019-12-02 | 2020-04-28 | 苏州臻品建筑装饰有限公司 | Method for mounting aluminum alloy door and window |
Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
---|---|
ZA804491B (en) | 1981-08-26 |
EP0023415A3 (en) | 1981-03-18 |
NO802259L (en) | 1981-01-28 |
DK323280A (en) | 1981-01-28 |
AU6047280A (en) | 1981-01-29 |
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