EP0018636B1 - Set of mosaic pieces - Google Patents

Set of mosaic pieces Download PDF

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Publication number
EP0018636B1
EP0018636B1 EP80102350A EP80102350A EP0018636B1 EP 0018636 B1 EP0018636 B1 EP 0018636B1 EP 80102350 A EP80102350 A EP 80102350A EP 80102350 A EP80102350 A EP 80102350A EP 0018636 B1 EP0018636 B1 EP 0018636B1
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EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
mosaic
rhombus
elements
rhombuses
mosaic elements
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Expired
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EP80102350A
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German (de)
French (fr)
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EP0018636A1 (en
Inventor
Alan H. Schoen
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Individual
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Individual
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Priority to AT80102350T priority Critical patent/ATE3695T1/en
Publication of EP0018636A1 publication Critical patent/EP0018636A1/en
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    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B44—DECORATIVE ARTS
    • B44C—PRODUCING DECORATIVE EFFECTS; MOSAICS; TARSIA WORK; PAPERHANGING
    • B44C3/00—Processes, not specifically provided for elsewhere, for producing ornamental structures
    • B44C3/12—Uniting ornamental elements to structures, e.g. mosaic plates
    • B44C3/123—Mosaic constructs
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A63—SPORTS; GAMES; AMUSEMENTS
    • A63F—CARD, BOARD, OR ROULETTE GAMES; INDOOR GAMES USING SMALL MOVING PLAYING BODIES; VIDEO GAMES; GAMES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • A63F9/00—Games not otherwise provided for
    • A63F9/06—Patience; Other games for self-amusement
    • A63F9/10—Two-dimensional jig-saw puzzles
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B44—DECORATIVE ARTS
    • B44F—SPECIAL DESIGNS OR PICTURES
    • B44F3/00—Designs characterised by outlines
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A63—SPORTS; GAMES; AMUSEMENTS
    • A63F—CARD, BOARD, OR ROULETTE GAMES; INDOOR GAMES USING SMALL MOVING PLAYING BODIES; VIDEO GAMES; GAMES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • A63F9/00—Games not otherwise provided for
    • A63F9/06—Patience; Other games for self-amusement
    • A63F9/0669—Tesselation
    • A63F2009/0695—Tesselation using different types of tiles
    • A63F2009/0697—Tesselation using different types of tiles of polygonal shapes
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
    • Y10T—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER US CLASSIFICATION
    • Y10T428/00—Stock material or miscellaneous articles
    • Y10T428/16—Two dimensionally sectional layer
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
    • Y10T—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER US CLASSIFICATION
    • Y10T428/00—Stock material or miscellaneous articles
    • Y10T428/16—Two dimensionally sectional layer
    • Y10T428/163—Next to unitary web or sheet of equal or greater extent
    • Y10T428/168—Nonrectangular

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to a mosaic element set of mutually different, polygonal mosaic elements for filling an area which is delimited by a regular polygon with an even number of pages 2n and for forming a basic shape for filling the Euclidean plane, where n means a natural number, the regular polygon can be broken down into a set of (n-1) n / 2 rhombuses and the set of rhombuses consists of a number of real subsets, each of which contains rhombuses of the same shape, but different from subsets to subsets.
  • Mosaic element sets made of mosaic elements or «mosaic stones» can be used for a wide variety of purposes, e.g. B. for street or floor paving, wall or floor tiles, also for games and for illustrative or educational purposes. In practice, the mosaic elements can therefore consist of a wide variety of materials.
  • the most well-known type of mosaic element set is probably the assembly game known as a puzzle, in which an area of very simple shape, e.g. B. a rectangle or circle, is designed with a variety of small pieces of cardboard with irregular and mostly different shapes.
  • An essential peculiarity of such a puzzle is that it can only be assembled in one way.
  • Newer assembly games contain similar pieces with which a variety of shapes can be formed, e.g. B. the so-called «polynominos».
  • composition game from a set of mosaic elements is e.g. B. from US-A-4, 133, 152 (Penrose) known.
  • US-A-3, 065, 970 is a combination game consisting of a set of 29 different "Pentacubes" and an additional Pentacube, which is identical to one of the 29 others, and can be assembled into four different cuboids, all of which Have a volume of 150 unit cubes.
  • the invention as characterized in the claims, creates a mosaic element set consisting of pairs of different mosaic elements, which are able to form the same regular polygon with an even number of sides in the most varied arrangements and also to form a basic shape for filling the Euclidean plane own.
  • the mosaic patterns that can be formed with the mosaic element set according to the invention are very diverse, which can have both aesthetic and practical advantages.
  • the mosaic element set according to the invention is simple to construct, the number of different arrangements that form the regular polygon increases rapidly with an increasing number of pages.
  • the invention can be used to form a hierarchy of composition games with very different levels of difficulty.
  • the mosaic element sets according to the invention can be used for a variety of purposes, e.g. B. as a game, for learning purposes, for test purposes, for tiles, plasters, parquet and. a. m.
  • a regular polygon with an even number of sides 2n is assumed, where n is a natural number.
  • This polygon is divided into rhombic partial areas in a known manner. This gives you a lot of diamonds, but not all of them are different.
  • the next step in determining the configuration of the mosaic elements of the set of mosaic elements according to the invention is now to select exactly one specimen of each type of rhombus from the set of rhombuses. These diamonds form a subset of the set of mosaic elements in the set of mosaic elements.
  • the remaining mosaic elements of the set of mosaic stones of the mosaic element set according to the invention are then formed by pairing the remaining rhombuses according to certain rules. This could also be achieved by using the selected rhombuses, which are different in pairs, as models for additional rhombuses and thus creating an ample supply of rhombuses for pairing.
  • the same amount of mosaic elements can also be used to form a closed surface which forms a basic shape for filling out the Euclidean plane.
  • This is a very remarkable property of the mosaic element set according to the invention, since the basic shape thus formed is not the regular polygon from which the mosaic element set was formed in only two cases.
  • the resulting simple design or covering of a surface is very useful for the production of parquet, tile and wallpaper patterns u. ⁇ .
  • a plurality of mosaic element sets according to the invention can not only be combined to form a corresponding plurality of regular polygons but also to such a polygon and one or more nested rings surrounding it.
  • a regular polygon from a set of mosaic elements according to the invention can be surrounded with three additional sets of mosaic elements so that a further, larger regular polygon is created, this in turn can be surrounded with five additional sets of mosaic elements, so that a further, even larger polygon is created, etc.
  • the mosaic element sets according to the invention also have many other interesting and useful properties.
  • FIG. 1 shows a set of mosaic elements or “mosaic stones” designed according to the invention, which are assembled into a regular polygon with 16 sides.
  • the mosaic elements are different in pairs.
  • the polygon shown can be assembled in a variety of ways using the mosaic element set. 1, more than 200 different arrangements of the mosaic elements are possible.
  • Each of the mosaic elements of the set shown in Figure 1 consists of one or two rhombuses. If one of the mosaic elements is formed from two rhombuses, then there are no collinear edges at any intersection. This allows each intersection at which two diamonds meet, i.e. H. Each joint between the ends of two sides of different rhombuses can be easily recognized by the resulting mosaic element, since the mosaic element has an angle or a corner there. It is therefore obvious that the mosaic elements 1, 2, 3 and 4 each consist of a single rhombus and the remaining mosaic elements each of a pair of rhombuses.
  • the mosaic elements 5, 6 and 7 consist of a square (a special rhombus shape) and another rhombus
  • the mosaic elements 8, 9 and 10 are formed from two identical rhombuses
  • the remaining mosaic elements 11, 12, 13, 14, 15 and 16 is composed of two different rhombuses.
  • the mosaic elements 11 and 15, 12 and 13, 14 and 16 can be called "dizygotic twins" because the rhombuses of each of these pairs match the rhombuses of the other pair, but the different arrangement of the rhombuses of the pairs results in two different mosaic elements.
  • a set of mosaic stones according to the invention can be constructed from each regular polygon with an even number of pages as follows:
  • the regular polygon with an even number of pages is first divided into a set of rhombuses, as shown, for example, in FIG.
  • the four sides of each rhombus are of course each as long as one side of the regular polygon. If the number p of the sides of the polygon is 4q, where q is an arbitrary natural number, the resulting set of rhombuses contains q different types of rhombuses with q squares and 2q rhombuses from each of the other (q-1) types. The total number of rhombuses is therefore q (2q-1). If one now forms the set of mosaic elements according to the invention, q 2 mosaic elements are obtained.
  • Each rhombus type can be uniquely determined by the acute angle, the acute angle must be an integer multiple of 360 ° / p, the integer being no greater than q.
  • the set of rhombuses from which the mosaic elements according to FIG. 1 are formed is shown in FIG. 2.
  • the squares are numbered 4, 5a, 6a and 7a.
  • the four squares therefore result because p is 16 for the polygon shown in FIG. 2 and therefore q must be 4.
  • the square is the extreme case in which the “acute” angle in the rhombus is 90 °.
  • 90 ° is also an integral multiple, namely four times (q times) 360 ° / p.
  • Mosaic elements are now formed from the remaining rhombuses by assembling each of these rhombuses with a rhombus of a different type in each of the two possible ways, thus forming two different «isotope» types of a dizygotic twin.
  • the mosaic element 11 in FIG. 1 consists of the rhombuses 11a and 11b, which are composed in such a way that the "short" shape of the dizygotic twin is created, whereas the mosaic element 1 in FIG. 1 is composed of the same rhombus type so that the "Long” form of the dizygotic twin results.
  • the mosaic element 14 is the “short” shape of a dizygotical twin, the “long” shape of which represents the mosaic element 16.
  • FIG. 1 Although the construction of the mosaic elements shown in FIG. 1 was explained with the aid of FIGS. 1 and 2, it can be seen from the above explanations that the formation of the mosaic elements from the set of rhombuses is easily possible, without relying on the regular polygon that forms the basis of the parquet or mosaic pattern (tessellation) is to be referred to.
  • the rules for a polygon with 4q sides were explained.
  • the other possible polygons with an even page number are those with a page number p equal to 4 (q + '/ 2 ).
  • the set of rhombuses q contains pairs of different rhombus types and (2q + 1) specimens of each type. The total number of all rhombuses is therefore q (2q + 1).
  • the set of mosaic elements which, according to the invention, is formed from this set of rhombuses therefore consists of q (q + 1) mosaic elements.
  • each rhombus type is clearly defined by its acute angle and this angle is an integral multiple of 360 ° / p, the integer being no greater than q. The largest possible such angle is therefore less than 90 ° and therefore none of the rhombuses is a square.
  • the amount of rhombuses required to form the mosaic elements is easy to form and that the mosaic elements can be obtained from the set of rhombuses in a simple manner, even without reference to the regular square that the The basis for the mosaic pattern or surface-filling pattern is. To construct the mosaic element set, it is therefore not necessary to solve the mosaic puzzle.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Multimedia (AREA)
  • Finishing Walls (AREA)
  • Adornments (AREA)
  • Toys (AREA)
  • Diaphragms For Electromechanical Transducers (AREA)
  • Yarns And Mechanical Finishing Of Yarns Or Ropes (AREA)

Abstract

A set of tiles for covering a regular polygon having an even number of sides is composed of tiles each of which is distinct from the other tiles in the set. The tiles in the set may be combined so as to form the regular polygon in a number of ways which increases very rapidly with increasing numbers of sides. The tiles of the invention may be used as a recreational puzzle, as a game, as an educational tool, for aesthetic purposes, and for a variety of other uses.

Description

Die vorliegende Erfindung betrifft einen Mosaikelementsatz aus voneinander verschiedenen, polygonförmigen Mosaikelementen zum Ausfüllen einer Fläche, die durch ein reguläres Vieleck mit gerader Seitenzahl 2n begrenzt ist, und zum Bilden einer Grundform zum Ausfüllen der euklidischen Ebene, wobei n eine natürliche Zahl bedeutet, das reguläre Vieleck in eine Menge von (n-1 )n/2 Rhomben zerlegbar ist und die Menge der Rhomben aus einer Anzahl echter Teilmengen besteht, welche jeweils Rhomben unter sich gleicher, jedoch von Teilmenge zu Teilmenge verschiedener Form enthalten.The present invention relates to a mosaic element set of mutually different, polygonal mosaic elements for filling an area which is delimited by a regular polygon with an even number of pages 2n and for forming a basic shape for filling the Euclidean plane, where n means a natural number, the regular polygon can be broken down into a set of (n-1) n / 2 rhombuses and the set of rhombuses consists of a number of real subsets, each of which contains rhombuses of the same shape, but different from subsets to subsets.

Mosaikelementsätze aus Mosaikelementen oder «Mosaiksteinen» sind für die verschiedensten Zwekke verwendbar, z. B. für Strassen- oder Fussbodenpflaster, Wand- oder Bodenfliesen, ferner für Spiele undfürAnschauungs-oderLernzwecke. Die Mosaikelemente können daher in der Praxis aus den verschiedensten Werkstoffen bestehen.Mosaic element sets made of mosaic elements or «mosaic stones» can be used for a wide variety of purposes, e.g. B. for street or floor paving, wall or floor tiles, also for games and for illustrative or educational purposes. In practice, the mosaic elements can therefore consist of a wide variety of materials.

Auf dem Gebiet der Spiele ist der wohl bekannteste Typ von Mosaikelementsatz das als Puzzle bekannte Zusammensetzspiel, bei dem eine Fläche sehr einfacher Form, z. B. ein Rechteck oder Kreis, mit einer Vielzahl von kleinen Pappestücken mit unregelmässigen und meistens verschiedenen Formen ausgelegt wird. Eine wesentliche Eigenart eines solchen Puzzles besteht darin, dass es nur auf eine einzige Weise zusammengesetzt werden kann.In the field of games, the most well-known type of mosaic element set is probably the assembly game known as a puzzle, in which an area of very simple shape, e.g. B. a rectangle or circle, is designed with a variety of small pieces of cardboard with irregular and mostly different shapes. An essential peculiarity of such a puzzle is that it can only be assembled in one way.

Neuere Zusammensetzspiele enthalten gleichartige Stücke, mit denen eine Vielzahl von Formen gebildet werden kann, z. B. die sogenannten «Polynominos».Newer assembly games contain similar pieces with which a variety of shapes can be formed, e.g. B. the so-called «polynominos».

Ein neueres Zusammensetzspiel aus einem Satz von Mosaikelementen ist z. B. aus der US-A- 4, 133, 152 (Penrose) bekannt.A more recent composition game from a set of mosaic elements is e.g. B. from US-A-4, 133, 152 (Penrose) known.

Aus der US-A- 3, 065, 970 ist ein Zusammensetzspiel aus einem Satz von 29 verschiedenen «Pentacubes» und einem zusätzlichen Pentacube, der mit einem der 29 anderen identisch ist, besteht und zu vier verschiedenen Quadern zusammengesetzt werden kann, die alle das Volumen von 150 Einheitswürfein haben.US-A-3, 065, 970 is a combination game consisting of a set of 29 different "Pentacubes" and an additional Pentacube, which is identical to one of the 29 others, and can be assembled into four different cuboids, all of which Have a volume of 150 unit cubes.

Es ist selbstverständlich bekannt, eine Fläche, wie ein Quadrat, in Teilflächen unterschiedlicher Form aufzuteilen. Die Flächen selbst haben dabei jedoch im allgemeinen eine sehr einfache Form und die Teilflächen eignen sich nicht dazu, phantasievoll aussehende oder schwierig zuammensetzbare Mosaike zu bilden.It is of course known to divide an area, such as a square, into partial areas of different shapes. However, the surfaces themselves generally have a very simple shape and the partial surfaces are not suitable for forming imaginative or difficult to assemble mosaics.

Durch die Erfindung, wie sie in den Ansprüchen gekennzeichnet ist, wird ein Mosaikelementsatz geschaffen, der aus paarweise verschiedenen Mosaikelementen besteht, die in den verschiedensten Anordnungen dasselbe reguläre Vieleck mit gerader Seitenanzahl zu bilden vermögen und sich ausserdem zum Bilden einer Grundform zum Ausfüllen der euklidschen Ebene eignen.The invention, as characterized in the claims, creates a mosaic element set consisting of pairs of different mosaic elements, which are able to form the same regular polygon with an even number of sides in the most varied arrangements and also to form a basic shape for filling the Euclidean plane own.

Die Mosaikmuster, die sich mit dem Mosaikelementsatz gemäss der Erfindung bilden lassen, sind sehr vielfältig, was sowohl ästhetische als auch praktische Vorteile haben kann. Der Mosaikelementsatz gemäss der Erfindung lässt sich einfach konstruieren, die Anzahl der verschiedenen Anordnungen, die das reguläre Vieleck bilden, erhöht sich rasch mit steigender Seitenzahl.The mosaic patterns that can be formed with the mosaic element set according to the invention are very diverse, which can have both aesthetic and practical advantages. The mosaic element set according to the invention is simple to construct, the number of different arrangements that form the regular polygon increases rapidly with an increasing number of pages.

Die Erfindung kann zur Bildung einer Hierarchie von Zusammensetzspielen mit stark unterschiedlichem Schwierigkeitsgrad dienen. Die Mosaikelementsätze gemäss der Erfindung lassen sich für die verschiedensten Zwecke verwenden, z. B. als Spiel, zu Lernzwecken, zu Testzwecken, für Fliesen, Pflaster, Parkett u. a. m.The invention can be used to form a hierarchy of composition games with very different levels of difficulty. The mosaic element sets according to the invention can be used for a variety of purposes, e.g. B. as a game, for learning purposes, for test purposes, for tiles, plasters, parquet and. a. m.

Zur Bildung eines Mosaikelementsatzes gemäss der Erfindung wird von einem regulären Vieleck mit gerader Seitenanzahl 2n ausgegangen, wobei n eine natürliche Zahl ist. Diese Vieleck wird in bekannter Weise in rhombische Teilflächen aufgeteilt. Hierdurch erhält man eine Menge von Rhomben, die jedoch nicht alle voneinander verschieden sind.To form a mosaic element set according to the invention, a regular polygon with an even number of sides 2n is assumed, where n is a natural number. This polygon is divided into rhombic partial areas in a known manner. This gives you a lot of diamonds, but not all of them are different.

Der nächste Schritt zur Ermittlung der Konfiguration der Mosaikelemente des Mosaikelementsatzes gemäss der Erfindung wild nun aus der Rhombenmenge genau ein Exemplar von jedem Rhombentyp ausgewält. Diese Rhomben bilden eine Teilmenge der Menge der Mosaikelemente des Mosaikelementsatzes. Die restlichen Mosaikelemente der Menge der Mosaiksteine des Mosaikelementsatzes gemäss der Erfindung werden dann durch paarweises Zusammensetzen der verbliebenen Rhomben nach bestimmten Regeln gebildet. Dies könnte auch dadurch erreicht werden, dass man die schon ausgewählten Rhomben, die paarweise verschieden sind, als Modelle für zusätzliche Rhomben verwendet und somit einen reichlichen Vorrat an Rhomben zur Paarbildung erstellt. Sehr bemerkenswert ist jedoch, dass die Anzahl der restlichen Rhomben der Menge nach Auswahl der erwähnten einzelnen Rhomben genau mit der Anzahl der Modelle zur Bildung der Rhombenpaare gemäss den Lehren der Erfindung übereinstimmt. Dies ist vor allem deshalb bemerkenswert, weil, wie die nachfolgende ausführliche Beschreibung der Erfindung zeigen wird, die Regeln für die Paarbildung vollständig unabhängig von dem hierfür zur Verfügung stehenden Vorrat an Rhomben ist.The next step in determining the configuration of the mosaic elements of the set of mosaic elements according to the invention is now to select exactly one specimen of each type of rhombus from the set of rhombuses. These diamonds form a subset of the set of mosaic elements in the set of mosaic elements. The remaining mosaic elements of the set of mosaic stones of the mosaic element set according to the invention are then formed by pairing the remaining rhombuses according to certain rules. This could also be achieved by using the selected rhombuses, which are different in pairs, as models for additional rhombuses and thus creating an ample supply of rhombuses for pairing. However, it is very remarkable that the number of the remaining rhombuses in the set after the individual rhombuses mentioned have been selected corresponds exactly to the number of models for forming the rhombus pairs according to the teachings of the invention. This is particularly noteworthy because, as the following detailed description of the invention will show, the rules for pairing are completely independent of the supply of rhombuses available for this.

Über die Anordnung der Mosaikelemente des Mosaikelementsatzes gemäss der Erfindung zu einem regulären Vieleck hinaus kann dieselbe Menge von Mosaikelementen, also derselbe Mosaikelementsatz, auch dazu verwendet werden, eine geschlossene Fläche zu bilden, die eine Grundform zum Ausfüllen der euklidschen Ebene bildet. Dies ist eine sehr bemerkenswerte Eigenschaft des erfindungsgemässen Mosaikelementsatzes, da die so gebildete Grundform in nur zwei Fällen nicht das reguläre Vieleck ist, aus dem der Mosaikelementsatz gebildet wurde. Die hierdurch ermöglichte einfache Auslegung oder Bedeckung einer Fläche ist sehr nützlich für die Herstellung von Parkett-, Fliesen- und Tapetenmustern u. ä.In addition to arranging the mosaic elements of the mosaic element set according to the invention in a regular polygon, the same amount of mosaic elements, that is to say the same mosaic element set, can also be used to form a closed surface which forms a basic shape for filling out the Euclidean plane. This is a very remarkable property of the mosaic element set according to the invention, since the basic shape thus formed is not the regular polygon from which the mosaic element set was formed in only two cases. The resulting simple design or covering of a surface is very useful for the production of parquet, tile and wallpaper patterns u. Ä.

Eine Vielzahl von Mosaikelementsätzen gemäss der Erfindung kann nicht nur zu einer entsprechenden Vielzahl von regulären Vielecken zusammengesetzt werden, sondern auch zu einem solchen Vieleck und einem oder mehreren, dieses umgebenden, verschachtelten Ringen. Somit kann z. B. ein reguläres Vieleck aus einem erfindungsgemässen Mosaikelementsatz mit drei zusätzlichen Mosaikelementsätzen so umgeben werden, dass ein weiteres, grösseres reguläres Vieleck entsteht, dieses kann wiederum mit fünf zusätzlichen Mosaikelementsätzen umgeben werden, so dass ein weiteres, noch grösseres Vieleck entsteht usw.A plurality of mosaic element sets according to the invention can not only be combined to form a corresponding plurality of regular polygons but also to such a polygon and one or more nested rings surrounding it. Thus, e.g. B. a regular polygon from a set of mosaic elements according to the invention can be surrounded with three additional sets of mosaic elements so that a further, larger regular polygon is created, this in turn can be surrounded with five additional sets of mosaic elements, so that a further, even larger polygon is created, etc.

Die Mosaikelementsätze gemäss der Erfindung haben also ausser der einfachen Bildung eines regulären Vielecks auch noch viele andere interessante und nützliche Eigenschaften.In addition to the simple formation of a regular polygon, the mosaic element sets according to the invention also have many other interesting and useful properties.

Im folgenden wird ein bevorzugtes Ausführungsbeispiel der Erfindung unter Bezugnahme auf die Zeichnung näher erläutert.A preferred exemplary embodiment of the invention is explained in more detail below with reference to the drawing.

Es zeigen:

  • Figur 1 - einen Mosaikelementsatz gemäss einer Ausführungsform der Erfindung, dessen Mosaikelemente zu einem regulären Vieleck zusammengesetzt sind und
  • Figur 2 - die Menge von Rhomben, aus der die Mosaikelemente des Mosaikelementsatzes gemäss Figur 1 gebildet werden können.
Show it:
  • Figure 1 - a mosaic element set according to an embodiment of the invention, the mosaic elements are assembled into a regular polygon and
  • Figure 2 - the set of diamonds from which the mosaic elements of the mosaic element set according to Figure 1 can be formed.

In Figur 1 ist ein erfindungsgemäss ausgebildeter Satz von Mosaikelementen oder «Mosaiksteinen» dargestellt, die zu einem regulären Vieleck mit 16 Seiten zusammengesetzt sind. Die Mosaikelemente sind paarweise verschieden. Das dargestellte Vieleck kann mit dem Mosaikelementsatz auf die verschiedenste Weise zusammengesetzt werden. Bei dem Mosaikelementsatz gemäss Figur 1 sind mehr als 200 verschiedene Anordnungen der Mosaikelemente möglich.FIG. 1 shows a set of mosaic elements or “mosaic stones” designed according to the invention, which are assembled into a regular polygon with 16 sides. The mosaic elements are different in pairs. The polygon shown can be assembled in a variety of ways using the mosaic element set. 1, more than 200 different arrangements of the mosaic elements are possible.

Jedes der Mosaikelemente des in Figur 1 dargestellten Satzes besteht aus einem oder zwei Rhomben. Wird eines der Mosaikelemente aus zwei Rhomben gebildet, dann treten an keinem Schnittpunkt kollineare Kanten auf. Hierdurch lässt sich jeder Schnittpunkt, an dem zwei Rhomben zusammentreffen, d. h. jede Stossstelle zwischen den Enden zweier Seiten verschiedener Rhomben, leicht an dem sich ergebenden Mosaikelement erkennen, da das Mosaikelement dort einen Winkel oder eine Ecke aufweist. Es ist also offensichtlich, dass die Mosaikelemente 1, 2, 3 und 4 jeweils aus einem einzigen Rhombus und die restlichen Mosaikelemente aus jeweils einem Paar von Rhomben bestehen. Die Mosaikelemente 5, 6 und 7 bestehen aus einem Quadrat (eine spezielle Rhombusform) und einem anderen Rhombus, die Mosaikelemente 8, 9 und 10 sind aus zwei identischen Rhomben gebildet, und die übrigen Mosaikelemente 11, 12, 13, 14, 15 und 16 setzt sich aus zwei verschiedenen Rhomben zusammen. Die Mosaikelemente 11 und 15, 12 und 13, 14 und 16 können als «zweieiige Zwillinge» bezeichnet werden, da die Rhomben jedes dieser Paare mit den Rhomben des jeweils anderen Paares übereinstimmen, die unterschiedliche Anordnung der Rhomben der Paare ergibt jedoch zwei verschiedene Mosaikelemente.Each of the mosaic elements of the set shown in Figure 1 consists of one or two rhombuses. If one of the mosaic elements is formed from two rhombuses, then there are no collinear edges at any intersection. This allows each intersection at which two diamonds meet, i.e. H. Each joint between the ends of two sides of different rhombuses can be easily recognized by the resulting mosaic element, since the mosaic element has an angle or a corner there. It is therefore obvious that the mosaic elements 1, 2, 3 and 4 each consist of a single rhombus and the remaining mosaic elements each of a pair of rhombuses. The mosaic elements 5, 6 and 7 consist of a square (a special rhombus shape) and another rhombus, the mosaic elements 8, 9 and 10 are formed from two identical rhombuses, and the remaining mosaic elements 11, 12, 13, 14, 15 and 16 is composed of two different rhombuses. The mosaic elements 11 and 15, 12 and 13, 14 and 16 can be called "dizygotic twins" because the rhombuses of each of these pairs match the rhombuses of the other pair, but the different arrangement of the rhombuses of the pairs results in two different mosaic elements.

Aus jedem regulären Vieleck mit gerader Seitenzahl kann ein Satz von Mosaiksteinen gemäss der Erfindung folgendermassen konstruiert werden:A set of mosaic stones according to the invention can be constructed from each regular polygon with an even number of pages as follows:

Das reguläre Vieleck mit gerader Seitenzahl wird zuerst in eine Menge von Rhomben unterteilt, wie es beispielsweise in Figur 2 dargestellt ist. Die vier Seiten eines jeden Rhombus sind selbstverständlich jeweils so lang wie eine Seite des regulären Vielecks. Ist die Anzahl p der Seiten des Vielecks gleich 4q, wobei q eine beliebige natürliche Zahl ist, dann enthält die sich ergebende Menge von Rhomben q verschiedene Typen von Rhomben mit q Quadraten und 2q Rhomben von jeden der übrigen (q-1) Typen. Die Gesamtzahl der Rhomben ist somit gleich q(2q-1). Bildet man nun den Satz von Mosaikelementen gemäss der Erfindung so erhält man q2 Mosaikelemente. Jeder Rhombentyp kann durch den spitzen Winkel eindeutig bestimmt werden, der spitze Winkel muss dabei ein ganzzahliges Vielfaches von 360°/p sein, wobei die ganze Zahl nicht grösser als q ist.The regular polygon with an even number of pages is first divided into a set of rhombuses, as shown, for example, in FIG. The four sides of each rhombus are of course each as long as one side of the regular polygon. If the number p of the sides of the polygon is 4q, where q is an arbitrary natural number, the resulting set of rhombuses contains q different types of rhombuses with q squares and 2q rhombuses from each of the other (q-1) types. The total number of rhombuses is therefore q (2q-1). If one now forms the set of mosaic elements according to the invention, q 2 mosaic elements are obtained. Each rhombus type can be uniquely determined by the acute angle, the acute angle must be an integer multiple of 360 ° / p, the integer being no greater than q.

Die Menge der Rhomben, aus der die Mosaikelemente gemäss Figur 1 gebildet sind, ist in Figur 2 dargestellt. Die Quadrate sind mit den Nummern 4, 5a, 6a und 7a bezeichnet. Die vier Quadrate ergeben sich deshalb, well für das in Figur 2 dargestellte Vieleck p gleich 16 ist und somit q gleich 4 sein muss. Das Quadrat ist der Extremfall, in dem der «spitze» Winkel im Rhombus gleich 90° ist. 90° ist ja auch ein ganzzahliges Vielfaches, nämlich das Vierfache (q-fache) von 360°/p. Nun müssen 2q (d. h. 8) Rhomben vorhanden sein, deren spitzer Winkel gleich 360°/p mal 3, also 67, 5 ist, diese Rhomben sind in Figur 2 mit den Number 3, 6b, 8a, 8b, 11 a, 12a, 13a und 15 bezeichnet. Weiterhin sind zwei 2q (d. h. 8) Rhomben vorhanden, deren spitzer Winkel gleich 360°/p mal 2 (45°) ist, dies sind in Figur 2 die Rhomben mit den Nummern 2, 5b, 9a, 9b, 11 b, 14a, 15b und 16a. Schliesslich müssen noch zwei 2q (d.h. 8) Rhomben vorliegen, deren spitzer Winkel gleich 360°/p mal 1 (22, 5°) ist, dies sind die Rhomben 1, 7b, 10a, 10b, 12b, 13b, 14b und 16b.The set of rhombuses from which the mosaic elements according to FIG. 1 are formed is shown in FIG. 2. The squares are numbered 4, 5a, 6a and 7a. The four squares therefore result because p is 16 for the polygon shown in FIG. 2 and therefore q must be 4. The square is the extreme case in which the “acute” angle in the rhombus is 90 °. 90 ° is also an integral multiple, namely four times (q times) 360 ° / p. Now there must be 2q (ie 8) rhombuses, the acute angle of which is 360 ° / p times 3, i.e. 67.5, these rhombuses are shown in FIG. 2 with the numbers 3, 6b, 8a, 8b, 11a, 12a, 13a and 15 designated. Furthermore, there are two 2q (ie 8) rhombuses, the acute angle of which is equal to 360 ° / p times 2 (45 °), in FIG. 2 these are the rhombuses with the numbers 2, 5b, 9a, 9b, 11b, 14a, 15b and 16a. Finally, there must be two 2q (i.e. 8) rhombuses with an acute angle equal to 360 ° / p times 1 (22.5 °), these are the rhombuses 1, 7b, 10a, 10b, 12b, 13b, 14b and 16b.

Die anhand von Figur 2 beschriebene Aufteilung des regulären Vielecks in die Menge von Rhomben dient nur zur Erläuterung und ist nicht einschränkend auszulegen. Für die Konstruktion der Menge von Rhomben aus einem regulären Vieleck ist eine spezielle Anordnung der Rhomben nicht erforderlich, da die oben gegebenen Lehren zur Konstruktion der Menge der Rhomben unabhängig von der speziellen Anordnung der Rhomben ist.The division of the regular polygon into the set of rhombuses described with reference to FIG. 2 serves only for explanation and is not to be interpreted restrictively. A special arrangement of the rhombuses is not necessary for the construction of the set of rhombuses from a regular polygon, since the teaching given above for the construction of the set of rhombuses is independent of the specific arrangement of the rhombuses.

Nachdem nun die erforderliche Menge von Rhomben vorliegt, wird der Satz der Mosaikelemente gemäss der Erfindung wie folgt konstruiert:

  • Zuerst wird von jedem der verschiedenen Rhombentypen genau ein einziger Rhombus ausgewählt und als Mosaikelement verwendet. Dies sind in Figur 1 die Mosaikelemente 1, 2, 3 und 4, die jeweils aus einem einzigen Rhombus bestehen und selbstverständlich eine Anzahl gleich der paarweise verschiedenen Rhombentypen in Figur 2 aufweisen. Die restlichen Mosaikelemente werden nun aus Paaren der übrigen Rhomben in Figur 2 gebildet, wobei zu beachten ist, dass beim Zusammensetzen zweier Rhomben an keinem der Schnittpunkte der Seiten der beiden Rhomben eine kollineare Kante, also ein gestreckter Winkel, auftritt. Hieraus folgt automatisch, dass man kein Mosaikelement aus zwei Quadraten bilden kann und man wird daher drei Mosaikelemente konstruieren, indem man ein Quadrat mit einem Exemplar eines anderen Rhombentyps an zwei Seiten zusammensetzt. In Figur 1 bestehen die Mosaikelemente 5, 6 und 7 jeweils aus einem Quadrat und einem anderen Rhombentyp.
    Dann werden drei weitere Mosaikelemente gebildet, indem man ein Exemplar aus jedem der nichtquadratischen Rhombentypen mit einem identischen Exemplar zusammensetzt und damit jeweils eine Konfiguration bildet, die oben als «eineiiger Zwilling» bezeichnet wurde. Dies sind die Mosaikelemente 8, 9 und 10 in Figur 1.
Now that the required amount of rhombuses is available, the set of mosaic elements according to the invention is constructed as follows:
  • First of all, exactly one rhombus is selected from each of the different rhombus types and used as a mosaic element. In FIG. 1, these are the mosaic elements 1, 2, 3 and 4, which each consist of a single rhombus and, of course, have a number equal to the pair of different rhombus types in FIG. 2. The remaining mosaic elements are now formed from pairs of the other rhombuses in FIG. 2, it being noted that when two rhombuses are put together, no collinear edge, that is to say an elongated angle, occurs at any of the intersections of the sides of the two rhombuses. From this it follows automatically that there is no mosaic element from two Can form squares and therefore three mosaic elements will be constructed by putting together a square with an example of another type of rhombus on two sides. In Figure 1, the mosaic elements 5, 6 and 7 each consist of a square and another type of rhombus.
    Then three more mosaic elements are formed by assembling one specimen from each of the non-square rhombic types with an identical specimen, thereby forming a configuration that was referred to above as the "identical twin". These are the mosaic elements 8, 9 and 10 in FIG. 1.

Aus den restlichen Rhomben werden nun dadurch Mosaikelemente gebildet, dass man jeden dieser Rhomben mit einem Rhombus anderen Typs auf jede der beiden möglichen Arten zusammensetzt und damit zwei verschiedene «isotope» Arten eines zweieiigen Zwillings bildet.Mosaic elements are now formed from the remaining rhombuses by assembling each of these rhombuses with a rhombus of a different type in each of the two possible ways, thus forming two different «isotope» types of a dizygotic twin.

Z. B. besteht das Mosaikelement 11 in Figur 1 aus den Rhomben 11 a und 11b, die so zusammensetzt sind, dass die «kurze» Form des zweieiigen Zwillings entsteht, wogegen das Mosaikelement 1 in Figur 1 aus dem gleichen Rhombentyp so zusammensetzt ist, dass sich die «lange» Form des zweieiigen Zwillings ergibt. Das Mosaikelement 14 ist die «kurze» Form eines zweieiigen Zwillings, dessen «lange» Form das Mosaikelement 16 darstellt.For example, the mosaic element 11 in FIG. 1 consists of the rhombuses 11a and 11b, which are composed in such a way that the "short" shape of the dizygotic twin is created, whereas the mosaic element 1 in FIG. 1 is composed of the same rhombus type so that the "Long" form of the dizygotic twin results. The mosaic element 14 is the “short” shape of a dizygotical twin, the “long” shape of which represents the mosaic element 16.

Obwohl die Konstruktion der in Figur 1 dargestellten Mosaikelemente unter Zuhilfenahme der Figuren 1 und 2 erläutert wurde, dürfte aus den obigen Ausführungen ersichtlich sein, dass die Bildung der Mosaikelemente aus der Menge der Rhomben leicht möglich ist, ohne auf das reguläre Vieleck, das die Grundlage des Parkett- oder Mosaikmusters (Tessellation) ist, Bezug zu nehmen.Although the construction of the mosaic elements shown in FIG. 1 was explained with the aid of FIGS. 1 and 2, it can be seen from the above explanations that the formation of the mosaic elements from the set of rhombuses is easily possible, without relying on the regular polygon that forms the basis of the parquet or mosaic pattern (tessellation) is to be referred to.

Bemerkenswert ist, dass obwohl die Kombination eines Quadrates mit einem anderen Rhombentyp als zweieiiger Zwilling angesehen werden kann, der andere entsprechende zweieiige Zwilling das Spiegelbild des ersten ist und somit nur ein Mosaikelement aus der Verbindung eines Quadrats mit einem beliebigen anderen Rhombentyp gebildet wird.It is noteworthy that although the combination of a square with a different type of rhombus can be regarded as a dizygotic twin, the other corresponding dizygotic twin is the mirror image of the first and thus only a mosaic element is formed from the connection of a square with any other type of rhombus.

Bei der obigen Beschreibung der Unterteilung des 16-seitigen Vielecks in Figur 1 und 2 wurden die Regeln für ein Vieleck mit 4q Seiten erläutert. Die anderen möglichen Vielecke mit gerader Seitenzahl sind die mit einer Seitenzahl p gleich 4 (q + '/2). In diesem Fall enthält die Menge der Rhomben q paarweise verschiedene Rhombentypen und (2q + 1) Exemplare eines jeden Typs. Die Gesamtzahl aller Rhomben ist somit gleich q (2q + 1). Die Menge von Mosaikelementen, die entsprechend der Erfindung aus dieser Rhombenmenge gebildet wird, besteht demnach aus q (q + 1) Mosaikelementen. Wie im Falle p = 4q ist jeder Rhombentyp durch seinen spitzen Winkel eindeutig festgelegt und dieser Winkel ist ein ganzzahliges Vielfaches von 360°/p, wobei die ganze Zahl nicht grösser als q ist. Der grösstmögliche derartige Winkel ist somit kleiner als 90° und deshalb ist keiner der Rhomben ein Quadrat.In the above description of the division of the 16-sided polygon in FIGS. 1 and 2, the rules for a polygon with 4q sides were explained. The other possible polygons with an even page number are those with a page number p equal to 4 (q + '/ 2 ). In this case, the set of rhombuses q contains pairs of different rhombus types and (2q + 1) specimens of each type. The total number of all rhombuses is therefore q (2q + 1). The set of mosaic elements which, according to the invention, is formed from this set of rhombuses therefore consists of q (q + 1) mosaic elements. As in the case of p = 4q, each rhombus type is clearly defined by its acute angle and this angle is an integral multiple of 360 ° / p, the integer being no greater than q. The largest possible such angle is therefore less than 90 ° and therefore none of the rhombuses is a square.

Aus den vorhergehenden Ausführungen ist ersichtlich, dass die Menge der Rhomben, die zur Bildung der Mosaikelemente erforderlich ist, leicht zu bilden und dass man die Mosaikelemente auf einfache Weise aus der Menge der Rhomben gewinnen kann, auch ohne Bezug auf das reguläre Viereck, das die Basis für das Mosaikmuster oder Flächen erfüllende Muster ist. Zur Konstruktion des Mosaikelementsatzes ist es also nicht nötig, das Mosaik-Puzzle zu lösen.From the foregoing, it can be seen that the amount of rhombuses required to form the mosaic elements is easy to form and that the mosaic elements can be obtained from the set of rhombuses in a simple manner, even without reference to the regular square that the The basis for the mosaic pattern or surface-filling pattern is. To construct the mosaic element set, it is therefore not necessary to solve the mosaic puzzle.

Die Einschränkung in der Rhomben-Paarbildung gemäss den Lehren der Erfindung, d. h. die Bedingung, dass in keinem der Schnittpunkte kollineare Kanten auftreten dürfen, ist sehr wichting, da beim Vorhandensein eines derartigen Paares in einem Mosaikelement des Mosaikelementsatzes die Bildung des gewünschten regulären Vielecks nicht möglich ist.The restriction in diamond pairing according to the teachings of the invention, i. H. the condition that no collinear edges may occur in any of the intersections is very important, since if such a pair is present in a mosaic element of the mosaic element set, it is not possible to form the desired regular polygon.

Es war bereits erwähnt worden, dass man mit weiteren Mosaikelementsätzen konzentrische «Ringe» aus Mosaikelementen um das das Grundmuster bildende reguläre Vieleck bilden kann, wobei sich dann als äussere Begrenzung ein neues Vieleck mit einer grösseren Seitenzahl ergibt.It had already been mentioned that concentric "rings" of mosaic elements can be formed around the regular polygon forming the basic pattern with further sets of mosaic elements, with the result that a new polygon with a larger number of pages results as an outer limitation.

Claims (7)

1. A mosaic element set of mutually different polygon-shaped mosaic elements, for covering a plane defined by a regular polygon having an even number of sides p = 2 n, forforming a basic shape for covering the euclidic plane, wherein n is a natural number, and the regular polygon is dividable into a set of (n-1) n/2 rhombs having sides of a length of that of said polygon, and the set of rhombs consists of a number of subsets where each comprises rhombs of the same shape, said shape being, however, different from subset to subset, characterized in that it consists of mosaic elements (1 to 4), where each has the form of the rhombus of a different subset, and further of mosaic elements (5 to 16) each having a shape which results if two of the remaining rhombs in said set are joined at one of each of their sides in such a manner that no two edges meeting at any vertex are collinear; at leasttwo (e. g. 11 and 1 5) of the combined mosaic elements (5 to 16) are formed by combining the same pair of rhombs (11a = 15a, 11b = 15b), these mosaic elements differing, however, in that an obtuse or an actue angle of the one rhombus (11 a) is adjacent to an obtuse or an actue angle, respectively, of the other rhombus (11 b) in the one mosaic element (11) while an obtuse or an acute angle of the one rhombus (1 5a) is adjacent an acute or obtuse angle, respectively, of the other rhombus (15b).
2. A mosaic element set according to claim 1, wherein the number of sides of the polygon is 2n = 4q, wherein q is a natural number, so that the actue angle of each said rhombus of said set is an integral multiple of 360°/2n wherein the integer is not greater than q, and wherein said set of rhombs includes q squares and 2 q of each of the other (q-1) species of rhombus, so that the total number of mosaic elements in the set is q2.
3. A mosaic element set according to claim 1, wherein the number of sides of the regular polygon is 2n=4(q+½), wherein the acute angle of each said rhombus of the set is an integral multiple of 360°/2n wherein the integer is not greaterthan q, and wherein said set of rhombs includes 2q + 1 of each species of rhombus, so that the total number of mosaic elements in the set is q(q + 1).
4. A mosaic element set according to claims 1, 2 or 3, characterized in that it forms a game.
5. A mosaic element set in accordance with claims 1, 2 or 3, characterized in that said mosaic elements consist of tiles.
6. A mosaic element set according to claims 1, 2 or 3, characterized in that said mosaic elment set forms an ornamental pattern.
7. A mosaic element set according to claims 1, 2 or 3, characterized in that said mosaic elements form an inlaid floor.
EP80102350A 1979-04-30 1980-04-30 Set of mosaic pieces Expired EP0018636B1 (en)

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US34245 1979-04-30
US06/034,245 US4223890A (en) 1979-04-30 1979-04-30 Set of tiles for covering a surface

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US4223890A (en) 1980-09-23
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DE3063659D1 (en) 1983-07-14
EP0018636A1 (en) 1980-11-12
JPS55151977A (en) 1980-11-26

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