EP0018630A1 - Washing agent for textiles - Google Patents

Abstract

The agent suitable for simultaneous washing and softening of delicate articles is based on non-ionic surfactants containing quaternary ammonium compounds which soften textiles. The agent consists of (a) 5-20 (7-15) per cent by weight of one or more polyglycol ethers, (b) 1-10 (2-5) per cent by weight of a C12-C18-fatty acid ethanolamide, (c) 2-10 (3-7) per cent by weight of a quaternary ammonium salt which is derived from ammonia or imidazoline and has 2 long-chain aliphatic radicals and 60-92 per cent by weight of conventional components of a washing agent for delicate materials. (a) is a polyglycol ether of the formula I <IMAGE> in which R<1> is a linear alkyl or alkenyl group with 8-20 carbon atoms, R<2> is H or C1-C4-alkyl, n = 2-20; (a) can also be a C8-C15- alkylarylpolyglycol ether with 3-15 ethoxy units alone or mixed with polyglycol ethers of the formula I.

Description

The invention relates to a powdery or granular detergent with a fabric softening effect for the simultaneous washing and care of delicates in the washing machine or by hand.

There has long been a need for a powdery or granular detergent containing fabric softener that gives the textiles the desired softening and antistatic properties during the washing process. Because of the known incompatibility of the usual textile plasticizers of the quaternary ammonium or imidazolinium type with anionic surfactants, the use of anionic surfactants in such preparations was excluded. It therefore made sense to use combinations of nonionic surfactants and quaternary ammonium compounds. From GB-PS 830 864 liquid detergents are known, the nonionic surfactants and quaternary ammonium compounds, which have a long-chain alkyl radical and three short-chain alkyl radicals. According to the information in the magazine Seifen-Öle-Fette-Wwachs (1963), 4, p. 78, the washing effect of such combinations is particularly good if the ratio of the nonionic surfactant to the quaternary ammonium compound is in the ratio 4: 1 to 1: 1 .

Powdered detergents for machine washing based on nonionic addition products of ethylene oxide with certain alkylphenols, fatty alcohols, mercaptans, fatty acid monoethanolamides or fatty amines as nonionic surfactant components, which contain cationic ammonium compounds for foam control, are described in DE-AS 12 20 956.

However, these proposed solutions cannot be satisfactory because these detergents cannot achieve a balance in terms of washing power, softening performance and foaming behavior in the washing machine and during washing by hand. The person skilled in the art could not take any suggestion from this prior art as to how a powder detergent should be composed with an optimal combination of the desired properties. Rather, the person skilled in the art had to assume that a detersive surfactant would detach the textile softener present in the wash liquor together with the dirt or keep it away from the textile fibers and therefore the desired textile softening effect could not occur. Conversely, a good softening effect would be achieved with an insufficiently cleaning surfactant.

The invention was therefore based on the object of providing a powdery or granular detergent for mild detergents which has optimum washing power, textile-softening properties and also foaming behavior and which can be used both in the washing machine and for washing by hand.

• a) 5 - 20 Gew.-% eines aliphatischen Polyglykolethers oder eines Gemisches von mehreren Polyglykolethern der Formel
  
  in der R eine geradkettige Alkyl- oder Alkenylgruppe mit 8 - 20 Kohlenstoffatomen, R² Wasserstoff oder eine C₁-C₄-Alkylgruppe und n einen Wert von 2 - 20 bedeuten, und/ oder eines C₈-C₁₅-Alkylarylpolyglykolethers mit 3 - 15 Ethoxyeinheiten,
• b) 1 - 10 Gew.-% eines C₁₂-C₁₈-Fettsäureethanolamids,
• c) 2 - 10 Gew.-% eines textilweichmachenden quartären Ammoniumsalzes, ausgewählt aus den Derivaten des Ammoniaks und/oder des Imidazolins mit vorzugsweise 2 langkettigen aliphatischen Resten im Molekül,
• d) 60 - 92 Gew.-% übliche Bestandteile eines Feinwaschmittels enthält.

The object was achieved according to the invention by a powdered detergent which

• a) 5 - 20 wt .-% of an aliphatic polyglycol ether or a mixture of several polyglycol ethers of the formula
  
  in which R is a straight-chain alkyl or alkenyl group with 8-20 carbon atoms, R ^{2 is} hydrogen or a C ₁ -C ₄ alkyl group and n is a value of 2 - 20, and / or a C ₈ -C ₁₅ alkylaryl polyglycol ether with 3 15 ethoxy units,
• b) 1-10% by weight of a C ₁₂ -C ₁₈ fatty acid ethanol amide,
• c) 2-10% by weight of a textile-softening quaternary ammonium salt, selected from the derivatives of ammonia and / or imidazoline with preferably 2 long-chain aliphatic radicals in the molecule,
• d) contains 60-92% by weight of conventional components of a mild detergent.

The polyglycol ethers of the formula I which are suitable according to the invention as constituent a) are derived from natural or synthetic primary fatty alcohols or oxo alcohols. Oxo alcohols are produced by reacting linear olefins with carbon monoxide and hydrogen according to the known oxo process by hydroformylation and subsequent hydrogenation. Commercially available oxo alcohol mixtures which are suitable for the preparation of the surfactant component a) suitable are, for example, the oxo alcohols available from Deutsche Shell Chemie Gesellschaft under the trade name "Dobanol", which have about 25% by weight of 2-alkyl branched alcohols; other suitable oxo alcohols are available under the name "Synprol" from Imperial Chemical Industries Ltd. available with about 50 - 70 wt .-% of 2-alkyl branched alcohols; Other suitable products based on oxo alcohols are, for example, various "Lutensol" types from BASF with approx. 30-35% by weight of branched alcohols and some "Lial" types from Liquichimica SpA with approx. 60% by weight. on branched alcohols. Typical preferred products are, for example, "Dobanol 45-7", which consists of at least 95% C ₁₄ / C ₁₅ oxo alcohol with an average of 7 moles of ethylene oxide; also "Lutensol AO-8", which is a C ₁₃ / C ₁₅ oxo alcohol ethoxylate with an average of 8 moles of ethylene oxide and "Lutensol ON-70", which is a C ₉ / C ₁₁ oxo alcohol ethoxylate with average 7 Mole represents ethylene oxide.

Typical surfactants derived from fatty alcohols are based, for example, on tallow fatty alcohol or the commercial products "Lorol" with 8-18 carbon atoms from Henkel. Typical preferred products are, for example, "Dehydol TA 5" and "Dehydol TA 14" (Henkel), which are tallow fatty alcohol polyglycol ethers with 5 and 14 moles of ethylene oxide per mole of alcohol. Another preferred product is, for example, the commercial product "Marli ^p al KF" (Chemische Werke Huls), a C ₁₀ / C ₁₂ fatty alcohol ethoxylate with an average of 6 moles of ethylene oxide.

Further suitable and preferred polyglycol ethers are the addition products derived from oleyl alcohol or cetyl alcohol with 5-10 moles of ethylene oxide or technical mixtures of predominantly oleyl and cetyl alcohol with 5-10 moles of ethylene oxide, the iodine number of which is between approximately 40 and approximately 60. Also preferred is the commercial product "Dehydol LS 4" (Henkel), a C ₁₂ / C ₁₄ fatty alcohol Ethoxylate with about 4 moles of ethylene oxide. These polyglycol ethers, individually or in a mixture, form component a) of the agents according to the invention. They are contained in the finished agent at 5-20% by weight, preferably at 7-15% by weight, and can be wholly or partly by the C ₈ -C ₁₅ alkylaryl polyglycol ethers known as nonionic surfactants, such as nonylphenol with approx 5 to about 15 moles of ethylene oxide are replaced.

Fatty acid mono- or diethanolamides with a fatty acid residue having 12-18 carbon atoms are suitable as component b) of the agents according to the invention. Both the compounds with a uniform number of carbon atoms in the fatty acid ester and mixtures of fatty acid ethanolamides with differently long fatty acid residues can be used. A preferred product is derived from coconut fatty acid with a proportion of more than 50% by weight of C ₁₂ fatty acid, approx. 20% by weight C ₁₄ fatty acid, approx. 10% by weight C ₁₆ fatty acid and another Share of saturated and unsaturated C ₁₈ fatty acid. Such a product is commercially available under the name "Comperlan 100" (Henkel). Another suitable product is the coconut fatty acid diethanolamide commercially available as "Comperlan KD" (Henkel). The fatty acid ethanolamides are contained in the agents according to the invention to 1-10% by weight, preferably to 2-5% by weight.

The quaternary ammonium compounds with preferably two long-chain, preferably saturated aliphatic radicals each having 14-26, preferably 16-20, carbon atoms and at least one quaternary nitrogen atom in the molecule are suitable as textile-softening active ingredients (component c)). The long-chain aliphatic radicals can be straight-chain or branched and accordingly hzw from fatty acids. from fatty amines, Guerbetamines, or from the alkylamines obtainable by reduction of nitroparaffins. These quaternary ammonium compounds are, in particular, derivatives of Ammöniaks, ie the quaternary salts obtainable by alkylation of long-chain secondary amines, such as the compounds distearyldimethylammonium chloride or ditalgalkyldimethylammonium chloride, or the reaction of 1 mol of an aminoalkylethylenediamine or hydroxyalkylethylenediamine with 2 mol of a long-chain C ₁₄ -C ₂₆ fatty acid or their esters obtainable imidazoline compounds which are subsequently converted into the quaternary imidazolinium compounds by alkylation. In these quaternary ammonium compounds, the anion generally consists of the acid residue which has arisen from the alkylating agent used in the quaternization. For example, chloride, bromide, methyl sulfate, ethyl sulfate, methane, ethane or toluenesulfonate, preferably chloride and / or methyl sulfate, are therefore suitable as anions. Typical preferred fabric softeners are, for example, ditallow alkyldimethylammonium chloride (for example the commercial products "Präpagen WK" and "Präpagen WKT", Hoechst, "Adogen 442", Ashland) or distearyldimethylammonium chloride (for example "Arosurf TA 100", Ashland) and 2-heptadecyl-1-methyl 1-oleoylamid-ethyl-imidazolinium methosulfate.

The textile-softening active ingredients are present in the agents according to the invention to 2-10% by weight, preferably 3-7% by weight, with the textile-softening active ingredient c) preferably comprising more than 25, in particular more than 30% by weight in the the polyglycol ether a), the fatty acid ethanolamide b) and the fabric softening active ingredient c) is present surfactant component.

In addition to the polyglycol ethers, the fatty acid ethanolamide and quaternary ammonium compounds, the agents according to the invention contain 60-92% by weight of additives usually present in detergents as further constituents. These are, for example, builders, fragrances, dyes and dirt carriers, enzymes, optical brighteners or small amounts of water. The builders include calcium-precipitating or complexing inorganic or organic compounds. Inorganic precipitating or complexing substances are, for example, pyrophosphate, triphosphate, higher polyphosphates and metaphosphates and the cation-exchanging alkali alumosilicates, as described, for example, in DE-AS 24 12 837, in particular zeolites A and X. Suitable organic compounds are, for example, polycarboxylic acids, hydroxycarboxylic acids , Amino carboxylic acids, carboxyalkyl ethers, polyanionic polymeric carboxylic acids, phosphonic acids. Other structural substances are weakly acidic, neutral or alkaline inorganic salts, such as bicarbonates, carbonates, borates or silicates of alkalis, alkali sulfates, and the alkali salts of organic, non-capillary-active, 1-8 C-atoms containing sulfonic acids, carboxylic acids and sulfocarboxylic acids. The agents according to the invention preferably contain about 10-50% by weight sodium tripolyphosphate, 2-10% by weight water glass with a Na ₂ 0: SiO ₂ ratio of, for example, 1: 3.4, and sodium sulfate as builders.

The agents according to the invention are in powder form. These are fine-grained to granular or spherical products that are easy to pour. They can be produced by all methods known in the art. For example, you can mix the powdered components together and spray oily or pasty components, such as nonionic surfactants, onto the product. Another production possibility consists in pasting the constituents of the agents with water to a paste which is converted into a powder by evaporating the water, for example on rollers or in atomizing towers. After / 8 Hot drying can then also incorporate heat-sensitive or volatile substances, such as fragrances.

The detergents according to the invention can be used for washing and simultaneously softening fine laundry articles made of wool, synthetic fibers such as polyester, polyacrylonitrile, polyamide and mixtures of wool and synthetic fibers. The washing and softening process can take place either in the washing machine or by hand at washing temperatures up to about 60 ° C., preferably up to about 30 ° C. The application concentration of the agents is generally from 1 to 10 g / l of wash liquor, preferably from 2 to 5 g / l. The detergents are characterized by the fact that they clean the textiles perfectly and at the same time give them a pleasant feel and anti-electrostatic properties. When washing by hand in the washbasin, they form a dense, pleasant foam, and no foaming is observed when washing in the washing machine. The foam can also be easily rinsed out.

The following examples describe detergents according to the invention.

example 1

7% by weight tallow fatty alcohol with approx. 14 mol ethylene oxide ("Dehydol TA 14", Henkel) 3% by weight coconut fatty acid monoethanolamide ("Comperlan 100", Henkel) 5% by weight distearyldimethylammonium chloride, approx. 95% ("Arosurf TA 100 ", Ashland) rest builders, small amounts of moisture.

Example 2

5% by weight of C ₁₄ / C ₁₅ oxo alcohol ethoxylate with about 7 moles of ethylene oxide ("Dobanol 45-7", Shell) 4% by weight of C ₁₀ / C ₁₂ fatty alcohol ethoxylate with about 6 moles of ethylene oxide ("Marlipal KF", Chemische Werke Hüls) 4% by weight of coconut fatty acid diethanolamide ("Comperlan KD", Henkel) 5.5% by weight of ditallow alkyldimethylammonium chloride, used as a 75% liquid, the rest isopropyl alcohol and water ("Präpagen WKT", Hoechst) rest builders, small amounts of water.

Example 3

6% by weight tallow fatty alcohol with approx. 5 mol ethylene oxide ("Dehydol TA 5", Henkel) 4% by weight C ₁₃ / C ₁₅ oxo alcohol ethoxylate with approx. 8 mol ethylene oxide ("Lutensol A0 8", BASF) 4.5% by weight of coconut fatty acid monoethanolamide ("Comperlan 100", Henkel) 5% by weight of ditallow alkyldimethylammonium chloride, approx. 100% ("Präpagen WK", Hoechst) 30% by weight of sodium tripolyphosphate, 4.5% by weight of sodium silicate (Na ₂ O: SiO ₂ = 1: 3.35) as an aqueous solution 0.5% by weight of perfume oil, remainder sodium sulfate, water.

An agent of the above composition is a detergent according to the invention containing conventional additives in conventional amounts.

Example 4

4% by weight of an oleyl / cetyl fatty alcohol ethoxylate with approx. 10 mol ethylene oxide and an iodine number of the alcohol mixture of approx. 50 4% by weight of a C ₁₂ / C ₁₄ fatty alcohol ethoxylate with approx. 4 mol ethylene oxide ("Dehydol LS 4", Henkel) 2% by weight of coconut fatty acid monoethanolamide with a proportion of more than 50% by weight of C ₁₂ fatty acid in the fatty acid residue ("Comperlan 100", Henkel) 4% by weight of ditallow alkyldimethylammonium chloride, used as 75 % paste, remainder isopropyl alcohol and water ("Präpagen WK", Hoechst). Remainder builders, water.

Example 5

4% by weight of a nonylphenol polyglycol ether with about 6.5 mol of ethylene oxide ("Dehydrophen 65", Henkel)% by weight of a C ₁₂ / C ₁₄ fatty alcohol ethoxylate with about 4 mol of ethylene oxide ("Dehydol LS 4", Henkel) 3% by weight of coconut fatty acid monoethanolamide ("Comperlan 100", Henkel) 4.5% by weight of 2-heptadecyl-1-methyl-1-oleoylamid-ethyl-imidazolinium methosulfate, rest of builders, water.

The detergents according to the invention listed in Examples 1-5 were found to wash fine textiles made of wool, polyacrylonitrile or wool / polyacrylonitrile mixtures, as well as polyamide / cotton mixtures in the washing machine up to 60 ° C, preferably up to about 30 ° C, and by hand as products with a balanced combination of properties with regard to their washing power, their softening effect and their foaming behavior.

Claims (5)

1. Powdery, softening detergent for delicates based on nonionic surfactants containing quaternary ammonium compounds, characterized in that it a) 5 - 20 wt .-% of an aliphatic polyglycol ether or a mixture of several polyglycol ethers of the formula

in which R ^{1 is} a straight-chain alkyl or alkenyl group with 8-20 carbon atoms, R ^{2 is} hydrogen or a C ₁ -C ₄ -alkyl group and n is a value of 2 - 20, and / or a C ₈ -C ₁₅ -alkylarylpolyglycol ether with 3 - 15 ethoxy units, b) 1-10% by weight of a C ₁₂ -C ₁₈ fatty acid ethanol amide, c) 2-10% by weight of a textile-softening quaternary ammonium salt, selected from the derivatives of ammonia and / or imidazeline with preferably 2 long-chain aliphatic radicals in the molecule, d) contains 60-92% by weight of conventional components of a mild detergent. 2. Composition according to claim 1, characterized in that it a) 7-15% by weight of polyglycol ether of the formula I, b) 2-5% by weight of fatty acid ethanolamide, c) 3 - 7 wt .-% textile softening quaternary ammonium salt. 3. Composition according to claim 1 and 2, characterized in that it contains component c) to more than 25 wt .-%, preferably more than 30 wt .-%, based on those consisting of components a), b) and c) Contains surfactant component. 4. Composition according to claim 1 to 3, characterized in that it a) 3-6% by weight of an adduct of a fatty alcohol mixture consisting of oleyl and cetyl alcohol with about 10 moles of ethylene oxide and 3-6% by weight of an adduct of a C ₁₂ / C ₁₄ fatty alcohol mixture with about 4 moles of ethylene oxide b) 2-4% by weight of a coconut fatty acid mono- or diethanolamide c) 3-6% by weight of a quaternary ammonium salt with 2 long-chain aliphatic radicals in the molecule which is derived from ammonia and whose anion is selected from the group comprising chloride, bromide, methyl sulfate, ethyl sulfate, methane, ethane or toluenesulfonate, d) contains 78-89% by weight of customary components of a mild detergent. 5. Composition according to claim 1 to 4, characterized in that it consists of a) 4.0 wt .-% of an adduct of a _le from O yl and cetyl alcohol existing fatty alcohol mixture of iodine value 50 with about 10 moles of ethylene oxide and. 4.0% by weight of an adduct of a C ₁₂ / C ₁₄ fatty alcohol mixture with about 4 moles of ethylene oxide b) 2.0% by weight of coconut fatty acid monoethanolamide c) 4.0% by weight of ditallow alkyldimethylammonium chloride _d ) 4.5% by weight sodium silicate (Na ₂ O: SiO ₂ = 1: 3.4) 30.0% by weight sodium tripolyphosphate 41.5% by weight sodium sulfate 10.0% by weight water.