EP0018445B2 - Process for the manufacture of castings of nodular castiron - Google Patents

Process for the manufacture of castings of nodular castiron Download PDF

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Publication number
EP0018445B2
EP0018445B2 EP79200725A EP79200725A EP0018445B2 EP 0018445 B2 EP0018445 B2 EP 0018445B2 EP 79200725 A EP79200725 A EP 79200725A EP 79200725 A EP79200725 A EP 79200725A EP 0018445 B2 EP0018445 B2 EP 0018445B2
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Prior art keywords
temperature
minutes
melt contains
casting
maintained
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Expired - Lifetime
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EP79200725A
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German (de)
French (fr)
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EP0018445A1 (en
EP0018445B1 (en
Inventor
Horst Dr. Mühlberger
Bruno Dr. Prinz
Wolf Dr. Wunder
Ulrich Dipl.-Ing. Schäfer
Josef Ing. Bognar
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Muehlberger Horst Dr
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Classifications

    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C21—METALLURGY OF IRON
    • C21D—MODIFYING THE PHYSICAL STRUCTURE OF FERROUS METALS; GENERAL DEVICES FOR HEAT TREATMENT OF FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS METALS OR ALLOYS; MAKING METAL MALLEABLE, e.g. BY DECARBURISATION OR TEMPERING
    • C21D5/00—Heat treatments of cast-iron
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
    • C22C—ALLOYS
    • C22C37/00—Cast-iron alloys
    • C22C37/04—Cast-iron alloys containing spheroidal graphite

Definitions

  • the invention relates to a process for producing castings from spheroidal graphite cast iron with an austenitic-bainitic mixed structure from a melt with the usual amounts of silicon, carbon, phosphorus, sulfur and magnesium and additional amounts of manganese, molybdenum, optionally copper and optionally nickel which the casting is heated to austenitizing temperature and kept at this temperature until austenitizing and then cooled to bainitizing temperature of 350 to 400 ° C and held at this temperature for a time corresponding to the desired bainite content.
  • a spheroidal graphite cast iron with an austenitic-bainitic structure is, apart from the usual applications, also suitable as a construction material for areas in which previously only tempered steels were used, such as.
  • the castings are generally heated to an austenitizing temperature of 920 to 950 ° C. during manufacture and held at this temperature for two to five hours until the matrix has assumed an approximately uniform carbon content and any ledeburite present after the casting has dissolved. After austenitizing, the castings are then cooled so quickly that premature austenite transformation to pearlite is avoided before the isothermal bainite transformation temperature is reached. The casting is held at this temperature until the bainite reaction has ended. Thereafter, as usual, the mixture is cooled to room temperature (Foundry 65 (1978) No. 4 pages 73 to 80).
  • a method of the type mentioned at the outset is also known, in which a weakly alloyed melt is used which, in addition to the conventional amounts of carbon, silicon, phosphorus, sulfur and magnesium, 0.10 to 0.26% Molybdenum and 0.3 to 1.4% manganese.
  • the resulting casting is heated to an austenitizing temperature of 900 ° C and cooled after a holding time of two hours in a bath of 370 ° C.
  • the holding time at the bainitization temperature is 10 minutes to 4 hours.
  • an austenitic-bainitic structure can be set which has a tensile strength of 1 100 N / mm 2 , an elongation at break of 10% and a hardness of 270 to 300 HB.
  • the melt contains less than 0.3% manganese, 0.25 to 0.8% molybdenum, optionally 0.1 to 1.5% copper and optionally up to 3% nickel and that the casting is on brought an austenitizing temperature of 800 to 860 ° C., held at this temperature for 10 to 60 minutes, then cooled to the bainitizing temperature in less than 2 minutes and kept at this temperature for 5 to 60 minutes.
  • the cost of heat treatment in the process according to the invention is considerably less than in the known processes, without the good material properties of the cast iron having spheroidal graphite having an austenitic-bainitic structure being impaired thereby.
  • the proportion of silicon can be 2.0 to 3.0%, preferably 2.2 to 2.6%, the proportion of carbon 2.5 to 3.7%, preferably 3.0 to 3.2%.

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  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Materials Engineering (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • Metallurgy (AREA)
  • Organic Chemistry (AREA)
  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Thermal Sciences (AREA)
  • Crystallography & Structural Chemistry (AREA)
  • Refinement Of Pig-Iron, Manufacture Of Cast Iron, And Steel Manufacture Other Than In Revolving Furnaces (AREA)
  • Heat Treatment Of Articles (AREA)

Description

Die Erfindung betrifft ein Verfahren zur Herstellung von Gußstücken aus Gußeisen mit Kugelgraphit mit austenitisch-bainitischem Mischgefüge aus einer Schmelze mit den üblichen Mengen an Silizium, Kohlenstoff, Phosphor, Schwefel und Magnesium sowie zusätzlichen Mengen an Mangan, Molybdän, gegebenenfalls Kupfer und gegebenenfalls Nickel, bei dem das Gußstück auf Austenitisierungstemperatur erwärmt sowie bis zur Austenitisierung auf dieser Temperatur gehalten und anschließend auf Bainitisierungstemperatur von 350 bis 400 °C abgekühlt und für eine dem gewünschten Bainitanteil entsprechende Zeit auf dieser Temperatur gehaltenwird.The invention relates to a process for producing castings from spheroidal graphite cast iron with an austenitic-bainitic mixed structure from a melt with the usual amounts of silicon, carbon, phosphorus, sulfur and magnesium and additional amounts of manganese, molybdenum, optionally copper and optionally nickel which the casting is heated to austenitizing temperature and kept at this temperature until austenitizing and then cooled to bainitizing temperature of 350 to 400 ° C and held at this temperature for a time corresponding to the desired bainite content.

Ein Gußeisen mit Kugelgraphit mit austenitisch-bainitischem Grundgefüge ist, abgesehen von den üblichen Anwendungsfällen, auch als Konstruktionswerkstoff für Bereiche geeignet, in denen bisher ausschließlich Vergütungsstähle eingesetzt wurden, wie z. B. Kurbelwellen für Kraftfahrzeugmotoren, Segmentwellen und Kolben für Hydrolenkungen, Zugsattelzapfen für LKW-Sattelkupplungen, Gelenkwellenköpfe für Kraftfahrzeug-Gelenkwellen, Kupplungskörper für Anhängerkupplungen.A spheroidal graphite cast iron with an austenitic-bainitic structure is, apart from the usual applications, also suitable as a construction material for areas in which previously only tempered steels were used, such as. B. crankshafts for motor vehicle engines, segment shafts and pistons for hydraulic steering systems, king pins for truck fifth wheel couplings, cardan shaft heads for motor vehicle cardan shafts, coupling bodies for trailer couplings.

Unter den Gußeisen mit Kugelgraphit sind Sorten mit bainitischem Gefüge seit langem als hochfeste und verschleißbeständige Werkstoffe bekannt und im Einsatz. Dabei werden die Gußstücke bei der Herstellung im allgemeinen auf eine Austenitisierungstemperatur von 920 bis 950 °C erhitzt und auf dieser Temperatur zwei bis fünf Stunden gehalten, bis die Matrix einer etwa gleichmäßigen Kohlenstoffgehalt angenommen hat und evtl. nach dem Gießen vorhandener Ledeburit aufgelöst ist. Nach dem Austenitisieren werden die Gußstücke dann so rasch abgekühlt, daß eine vorzeitige Austenit-Umwandlung zu Perlit vor Erreichen der isothermen Bainit-Umwandlungstemperatur vermieden wird. Auf dieser Temperatur wird das Gußstück so lange gehalten, bis die Bainit-Reaktion abgelaufen ist. Danach wird - wie üblich - auf Raumtemperatur abgekühlt (Gießerei 65 (1978) Nr. 4 Seiten 73 bis 80).Among the spheroidal graphite cast iron, grades with a bainitic structure have long been known and used as high-strength and wear-resistant materials. The castings are generally heated to an austenitizing temperature of 920 to 950 ° C. during manufacture and held at this temperature for two to five hours until the matrix has assumed an approximately uniform carbon content and any ledeburite present after the casting has dissolved. After austenitizing, the castings are then cooled so quickly that premature austenite transformation to pearlite is avoided before the isothermal bainite transformation temperature is reached. The casting is held at this temperature until the bainite reaction has ended. Thereafter, as usual, the mixture is cooled to room temperature (Foundry 65 (1978) No. 4 pages 73 to 80).

Bekannt ist ferner ein Verfahren zur Herstellung von Gußeisen mit Kugelgraphit mit bainitischem Gefüge, bei dem von einem legierten Gußeisen ausgegangen wird und direkt im Zusammenhang mit dem sich an den Gießprozeß anschließenden Abkühlungsvorgang eine Bainit-Reaktion durch auf die Wandstärke des Gußstückes abgestellten Gehalt an Nickel, Molybdän, Kupfer evtl. auch Chrom und Mangan erzeugt wird (DE-A-1 808515).Also known is a process for the production of spheroidal graphite cast iron with a bainitic structure, in which an alloyed cast iron is assumed and, directly in connection with the cooling process following the casting process, a bainite reaction by means of the nickel content adjusted to the wall thickness of the casting. Molybdenum, copper and possibly also chrome and manganese is produced (DE-A-1 808515).

Aus der DE-A-2 334 992 ist ferner ein Verfahren der eingangs genannten Gattung bekannt, bei dem eine schwachlegierte Schmelze verwendet wird, die neben den herkömmlichen Mengen an Kohlenstoff, Silizium, Phosphor, Schwefel und Magnesium 0,10 bis 0,26 % Molybdän sowie 0,3 bis 1,4 % Mangan aufweist. Das daraus bestehende Gußstück wird auf eine Austenitisierungstemperatur von 900 °C erwärmt und nach einer Haltezeit von zwei Stunden in einem Bad von 370 °C abgekühlt. Die Haltezeit auf Bainitisierungstemperatur beträgt 10 Minuten bis 4 Stunden. Infolge dieser Maßnahme läßt sich ein austenitisch-bainitisches Gefüge einstellen, das eine Zugfestigkeit von 1 100 N/mm2, eine Bruchdehnung von 10 % und eine Härte von 270 bis 300 HB aufweist.From DE-A-2 334 992 a method of the type mentioned at the outset is also known, in which a weakly alloyed melt is used which, in addition to the conventional amounts of carbon, silicon, phosphorus, sulfur and magnesium, 0.10 to 0.26% Molybdenum and 0.3 to 1.4% manganese. The resulting casting is heated to an austenitizing temperature of 900 ° C and cooled after a holding time of two hours in a bath of 370 ° C. The holding time at the bainitization temperature is 10 minutes to 4 hours. As a result of this measure, an austenitic-bainitic structure can be set which has a tensile strength of 1 100 N / mm 2 , an elongation at break of 10% and a hardness of 270 to 300 HB.

Es ist Aufgabe der vorliegenden Erfindung, ein Verfahren zur Herstellung von Gußstücken aus Gußeisen mit Kugelgraphit mit austenitisch-bainitischem Mischgefüge vorzuschlagen, durch das die für die Anwendung günstigen Werkstoffwerte nicht beeinträchtigt oder sogar verbessert werden.It is the object of the present invention to propose a process for the production of cast iron from spheroidal graphite with an austenitic-bainitic mixed structure, by means of which the material values favorable for the application are not impaired or even improved.

Zur Lösung dieser Aufgabe wird vorgeschlagen, daß die Schmelze weniger als 0,3 % Mangan, 0,25 bis 0,8 % Molybdän, gegebenenfalls 0,1 bis 1,5 % Kupfer und gegebenenfalls bis 3 % Nikkel enthält und daß das Gußstück auf eine Austenitisierungstemperatur von 800 bis 860 °C gebracht, 10 bis 60 Minuten auf dieser Temperatur gehalten, danach in einer Zeit von weniger als 2 Minuten auf die Bainitisierungstemperatur abgekühlt und 5 bis 60 Minuten auf dieser Temperatur gehalten wird.To solve this problem it is proposed that the melt contains less than 0.3% manganese, 0.25 to 0.8% molybdenum, optionally 0.1 to 1.5% copper and optionally up to 3% nickel and that the casting is on brought an austenitizing temperature of 800 to 860 ° C., held at this temperature for 10 to 60 minutes, then cooled to the bainitizing temperature in less than 2 minutes and kept at this temperature for 5 to 60 minutes.

Der Aufwand für die Wärmebehandlung ist beim erfindungsgemäßen Verfahren erheblich geringer als bei den bekannten Verfahren, ohne daß dadurch die guten Werkstoffkennwerte der ein austenitisch-bainitisches Gefüge aufweisenden Gußeisen mit Kugelgraphit beeinträchtigt werden.The cost of heat treatment in the process according to the invention is considerably less than in the known processes, without the good material properties of the cast iron having spheroidal graphite having an austenitic-bainitic structure being impaired thereby.

Mengenangaben für Mangan, Molybdän und Kupfer, mit denen besonders günstige Ergebnisse erreicht werden können, sind den Patentansprüchen 2 bis 4 entnehmbar.Quantities for manganese, molybdenum and copper, with which particularly favorable results can be achieved, can be found in patent claims 2 to 4.

Der Anteil an Silizium kann 2,0 bis 3,0 %, vorzugsweise 2,2 bis 2,6 %, der Anteil an Kohlenstoff 2,5 bis 3,7 %, vorzugsweise 3,0 bis 3,2 %, betragen.The proportion of silicon can be 2.0 to 3.0%, preferably 2.2 to 2.6%, the proportion of carbon 2.5 to 3.7%, preferably 3.0 to 3.2%.

Als vorteilhaft hat sich erwiesen, mit einer Austenitisierungstemperatur von 820 bis 830 °C zu arbeiten.It has proven to be advantageous to work with an austenitizing temperature of 820 to 830 ° C.

Es ist zweckmäßig, das Gußstück 10 bis 25 Minuten auf Austenitisierungstemperatur und 20 bis 25 Minuten auf Bainitisierungstemperatur zu halten.It is advisable to keep the casting at the austenitizing temperature for 10 to 25 minutes and the bainitizing temperature for 20 to 25 minutes.

Claims (11)

1. Method of producing castings from cast iron with spheroidal graphite with a mixed austenitic- bainitic mixed structure from a melt with the usual amounts of silicon, carbon, phosphorus, sulphur and magnesium and also additional amounts of manganese, molybdenum, possibly copper and possibly nickel, in which the casting is heated to austenitisation temperature and is also maintained, until austenitisation, at this temperature and thereafter is cooled to bainitisation temperature of 350 to 400 °C and is held at this temperature for a time corresponding to the required bainite fraction, wherein the melt contains less than 0,3 % manganese, 0.25 to 0.8 % molybdenum, possibly 0.1 to 1.5 % copper and possibly up to 3 % nickel and wherein the casting is brought to an austenitisation temperature of 800 to 860 °C, is maintained for 10 to 60 minutes at this temperature, is thereafter cooled in a time of less than 2 minutes to the bainitisation temperature and is maintained at this temperature for 5 to 60 minutes.
2. Method according to claim 1, wherein the melt contains 0.01 to 0.25 % of manganese.
3. Method according to claim 1 or 2, wherein the melt contains 0.25 to 0.4 % of molybdenum.
4. Method according to at least one of the claims 1 to 3, wherein the melt contains 0.4 to 0.6 % of copper.
5. Method according to at least one of the claims 1 to 4, wherein the melt contains 2.0 to 3.0 % of silicon.
6. Method according to claim 5, wherein the melt contains 2.2 to 2.6 % of silicon.
7. Method according to at least one of claims 1 to 6, wherein the melt contains 2.5 to 3.7 % of carbon.
8. Method according to claim 7, wherein the melt contains 3.0 to 3.2 % of carbon.
9. Method according to at least one of claims 1 to 8, wherein the austenitisation temperature amounts to 820 to 830 °C.
10. Method according to at least one of the claims 1 to 9, wherein the casting is maintained for 10 to 25 minutes at austenitisation temperature.
11. Method according to at least one of the claims 1 to 10, wherein the casting is maintained for 20 to 25 minutes at bainitisation temperature.
EP79200725A 1978-12-13 1979-12-05 Process for the manufacture of castings of nodular castiron Expired - Lifetime EP0018445B2 (en)

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
DE2853870 1978-12-13
DE19782853870 DE2853870A1 (en) 1978-12-13 1978-12-13 BALL GRAPHITE CAST IRON WITH AUSTENITIC-BAINITIC MIXED TEXTURE

Publications (3)

Publication Number Publication Date
EP0018445A1 EP0018445A1 (en) 1980-11-12
EP0018445B1 EP0018445B1 (en) 1984-06-06
EP0018445B2 true EP0018445B2 (en) 1990-01-03

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EP79200725A Expired - Lifetime EP0018445B2 (en) 1978-12-13 1979-12-05 Process for the manufacture of castings of nodular castiron

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EP (1) EP0018445B2 (en)
JP (1) JPS5910988B2 (en)
DE (2) DE2853870A1 (en)
ZA (1) ZA796750B (en)

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JPS61136657A (en) * 1984-12-05 1986-06-24 Ngk Insulators Ltd Cast metallic mold for molding plastic
JPS61264155A (en) * 1985-01-30 1986-11-22 Asahi Malleable Iron Co Ltd Spheroidal graphite cast iron having bainite matrix and its manufacture
JPS61264156A (en) * 1985-01-30 1986-11-22 Asahi Malleable Iron Co Ltd Spheroidal graphite cast iron having bainite matrix and its manufacture
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US4737199A (en) * 1985-12-23 1988-04-12 Ford Motor Company Machinable ductile or semiductile cast iron and method
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DE102008050152B4 (en) 2008-10-01 2013-05-23 Claas Guss Gmbh High-strength, ductile cast iron alloy with nodular graphite and process for its production
IT1403676B1 (en) * 2011-02-02 2013-10-31 Fonderia Anselmi S P A MANUFACTURED IN FERROLEGA
US20200131606A1 (en) * 2018-10-30 2020-04-30 GM Global Technology Operations LLC High-strength nodular iron with good weldability and machinability

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Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
DE2853870C2 (en) 1987-08-06
ZA796750B (en) 1980-11-26
JPS5910988B2 (en) 1984-03-13
EP0018445A1 (en) 1980-11-12
JPS5594459A (en) 1980-07-17
EP0018445B1 (en) 1984-06-06
DE2967045D1 (en) 1984-07-12
DE2853870A1 (en) 1980-07-03

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