EP0018445B1 - Process for the manufacture of castings of nodular castiron - Google Patents
Process for the manufacture of castings of nodular castiron Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- EP0018445B1 EP0018445B1 EP79200725A EP79200725A EP0018445B1 EP 0018445 B1 EP0018445 B1 EP 0018445B1 EP 79200725 A EP79200725 A EP 79200725A EP 79200725 A EP79200725 A EP 79200725A EP 0018445 B1 EP0018445 B1 EP 0018445B1
- Authority
- EP
- European Patent Office
- Prior art keywords
- temperature
- minutes
- melt contains
- casting
- maintained
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Expired
Links
Classifications
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C21—METALLURGY OF IRON
- C21D—MODIFYING THE PHYSICAL STRUCTURE OF FERROUS METALS; GENERAL DEVICES FOR HEAT TREATMENT OF FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS METALS OR ALLOYS; MAKING METAL MALLEABLE, e.g. BY DECARBURISATION OR TEMPERING
- C21D5/00—Heat treatments of cast-iron
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
- C22C—ALLOYS
- C22C37/00—Cast-iron alloys
- C22C37/04—Cast-iron alloys containing spheroidal graphite
Definitions
- the invention relates to a process for producing castings from spheroidal graphite cast iron with an austenitic-bainitic mixed structure from a melt with the usual amounts of silicon, carbon, phosphorus, sulfur and magnesium and additional amounts of manganese, molybdenum, optionally copper and optionally nickel which the casting is heated to austenitizing temperature and kept at this temperature until austenitizing and then cooled to bainitizing temperature of 350 to 400 ° C. and kept at this temperature for a time corresponding to the desired bainite content.
- a spheroidal graphite cast iron with an austenitic-bainitic structure is, apart from the usual applications, also suitable as a construction material for areas in which previously only tempered steels were used, such as.
- the castings are generally heated to an austenitizing temperature of 920 to 950 ° C. during production and held at this temperature for two to five hours until the matrix has assumed an approximately uniform carbon content and any ledeburite present after the casting has dissolved. After austenitizing, the castings are then cooled so quickly that premature austenite conversion to pearlite is avoided before the isothermal bainite transition temperature is reached. The casting is kept at this temperature until the bainite reaction has ended. Thereafter, as usual, the mixture is cooled to room temperature (Foundry 65 (1978) No. 4 pages 73 to 80).
- a method of the type mentioned at the outset is also known, in which a weakly alloyed melt is used which, in addition to the conventional amounts of carbon, silicon, phosphorus, sulfur and magnesium, 0.10 to 0.26% Molybdenum and 0.3 to 1.4% manganese.
- the resulting casting is heated to an austenitizing temperature of 900 ° C and cooled in a bath of 370 ° C after a holding time of two hours.
- the holding time at the bainitization temperature is 10 minutes to 4 hours.
- an austenitic-bainitic structure can be set which has a tensile strength of 1100 N / mm 2 , an elongation at break of 10% and a hardness of 270 to 300 HB.
- the melt contains less than 0.3% manganese, 0.2 to 0.8% molybdenum, optionally 0.1 to 1.5% copper and optionally up to 3% nickel and that the casting is on brought an austenitization temperature of 800 to 860 ° C, held at this temperature for 10 to 60 minutes, then cooled to the bainitization temperature in less than 2 minutes and held at this temperature for 5 to 60 minutes.
- the cost of heat treatment in the method according to the invention is considerably less than in the known methods, without the good material properties of the cast iron having an austenitic-bainitic structure having nodular graphite being impaired thereby.
- the proportion of silicon can be 2.0 to 3.0%, preferably 2.2 to 2.6%, the proportion of carbon 2.5 to 3.7%, preferably 3.0 to 3.2%.
Landscapes
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Materials Engineering (AREA)
- Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
- Metallurgy (AREA)
- Organic Chemistry (AREA)
- Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
- Thermal Sciences (AREA)
- Crystallography & Structural Chemistry (AREA)
- Refinement Of Pig-Iron, Manufacture Of Cast Iron, And Steel Manufacture Other Than In Revolving Furnaces (AREA)
- Heat Treatment Of Articles (AREA)
Description
Die Erfindung betrifft ein Verfahren zur Herstellung von Gußstücken aus Gußeisen mit Kugelgraphit mit austenitisch-bainitischem Mischgefüge aus einer Schmelze mit den üblichen Mengen an Silizium, Kohlenstoff, Phosphor, Schwefel und Magnesium sowie zusätzlichen Mengen an Mangan, Molybdän, gegebenenfalls Kupfer und gegebenenfalls Nickel, bei dem das Gußstück auf Austenitisierungstemperatur erwärmt sowie bis zur Austenitisierung auf dieser Temperatur gehalten und anschließend auf Bainitisierungstemperatur von 350 bis 400° C abgekühlt und für eine dem gewünschten Bainitanteil entsprechende Zeit auf dieser Temperatur gehalten wird.The invention relates to a process for producing castings from spheroidal graphite cast iron with an austenitic-bainitic mixed structure from a melt with the usual amounts of silicon, carbon, phosphorus, sulfur and magnesium and additional amounts of manganese, molybdenum, optionally copper and optionally nickel which the casting is heated to austenitizing temperature and kept at this temperature until austenitizing and then cooled to bainitizing temperature of 350 to 400 ° C. and kept at this temperature for a time corresponding to the desired bainite content.
Ein Gußeisen mit Kugelgraphit mit austenitisch-bainitischem Grundgefüge ist, abgesehen von den üblichen Anwendungsfällen, auch als Konstruktionswerkstoff für Bereiche geeignet, in denen bisher ausschließlich Vergütungsstähle eingesetzt wurden, wie z. B. Kurbelwellen für Kraftfahrzeugmotoren, Segmentwellen und Kolben für Hydrolenkungen, Zugsattelzapfen für LKW-Sattelkupplungen, Gelenkwellenköpfen für Kraftfahrzeug-Gelenkwellen, KupplungskörperfürAnhängerkupplungen.A spheroidal graphite cast iron with an austenitic-bainitic structure is, apart from the usual applications, also suitable as a construction material for areas in which previously only tempered steels were used, such as. B. crankshafts for motor vehicle engines, segment shafts and pistons for hydraulic steering, king pins for truck fifth wheel couplings, cardan shaft heads for motor vehicle cardan shafts, coupling bodies for trailer couplings.
Unter den Gußeisen mit Kugelgraphit sind Sorten mit bainitischem Gefüge seit langem als hochfeste und verschleißbeständige Werkstoffe bekannt und im Einsatz. Dabei werden die Gußstücke bei der Herstellung im allgemeinen auf eine Austenitisierungstemperatur von 920 bis 950°C erhitzt und auf dieser Temperatur zwei bis fünf Stunden gehalten, bis die Matrix eine etwa gleichmäßigen Kohlenstoffgehalt angenommen hat und evtl. nach dem Gießen vorhandener Ledeburit aufgelöst ist. Nach dem Austenitisieren werden die Gußstücke dann so rasch abgekühlt, daß eine vorzeitige Austenit-Umwandlung zu Perlit vor Erreichen der isothermen Bainit-Umwandlüngstemperatur vermieden wird. Auf dieser Temperatur wird das Gußstück solange gehalten, bis die Bainit-Reaktion abgelaufen ist. Danach wird - wie üblich - auf Raumtemperatur abgekühlt (Gießerei 65 (1978) Nr. 4 Seiten 73 bis 80).Among the spheroidal graphite cast iron, grades with a bainitic structure have long been known and used as high-strength and wear-resistant materials. The castings are generally heated to an austenitizing temperature of 920 to 950 ° C. during production and held at this temperature for two to five hours until the matrix has assumed an approximately uniform carbon content and any ledeburite present after the casting has dissolved. After austenitizing, the castings are then cooled so quickly that premature austenite conversion to pearlite is avoided before the isothermal bainite transition temperature is reached. The casting is kept at this temperature until the bainite reaction has ended. Thereafter, as usual, the mixture is cooled to room temperature (Foundry 65 (1978) No. 4 pages 73 to 80).
Bekannt ist ferner ein Verfahren zur Herstellung von Gußeisen mit Kugelgraphit mit bainitischem Gefüge, bei dem von einem legierten Gußeisen ausgegangen wird und direkt im Zusammenhang mit dem dem Gießprozeß anschließenden Abkühlungsvorgang eine Bainit-Reaktion durch auf die Wandstärke des Gußstückes abgestellten Gehalt an Nickel, Molybdän, Kupfer evtl. auch Chrom und Mangan erzeugt wird (DE-A-1 808 515).Also known is a process for the production of spheroidal graphite cast iron with a bainitic structure, in which an alloyed cast iron is assumed and, directly in connection with the cooling process following the casting process, a bainite reaction by means of the nickel, molybdenum content adjusted to the wall thickness of the casting. Copper may also produce chrome and manganese (DE-A-1 808 515).
Aus der DE-A-2 334 992 ist ferner ein Verfahren der eingangs genannten Gattung bekannt, bei dem eine schwachlegierte Schmelze verwendet wird, die neben den herkömmlichen Mengen an Kohlenstoff, Silizium, Phosphor, Schwefel und Magnesium 0,10 bis 0,26% Molybdän sowie 0,3 bis 1,4% Mangan aufweist. Das daraus bestehende Gußstück wird auf eine Austenitisierungstemperatur von 900°C erwärmt und nach einer Haltezeit von zwei Stunden in einem Bäd von 370°C abgekühlt. Die Haltezeit auf Bainitisierungstemperatur beträgt 10 Minuten bis 4 Stunden. Infolge dieser Maßnahme läßt sich ein austenitisch-bainitisches Gefüge einstellen, das eine Zugfestigkeit von 1100 N/mm2, eine Bruchdehnung von 10% und eine Härte von 270 bis 300 HB aufweist.From DE-A-2 334 992 a method of the type mentioned at the outset is also known, in which a weakly alloyed melt is used which, in addition to the conventional amounts of carbon, silicon, phosphorus, sulfur and magnesium, 0.10 to 0.26% Molybdenum and 0.3 to 1.4% manganese. The resulting casting is heated to an austenitizing temperature of 900 ° C and cooled in a bath of 370 ° C after a holding time of two hours. The holding time at the bainitization temperature is 10 minutes to 4 hours. As a result of this measure, an austenitic-bainitic structure can be set which has a tensile strength of 1100 N / mm 2 , an elongation at break of 10% and a hardness of 270 to 300 HB.
Es ist Aufgabe der vorliegenden Erfindung, ein Verfahren zur Herstellung von Gußstücken aus Gußeisen mit Kugelgraphit mit austenitisch-bainitischem Mischgefüge vorzuschlagen, durch das die für die Anwendung günstigen Werkstoffwerte nicht beeinträchtigt oder sogar verbessert werden.It is the object of the present invention to propose a process for the production of cast iron from spheroidal graphite with an austenitic-bainitic mixed structure, by means of which the material values favorable for the application are not impaired or even improved.
Zur Lösung dieser Aufgabe wird vorgeschlagen, daß die Schmelze weniger als 0,3% Mangan, 0,2 bis 0,8% Molybdän, gegebenenfalls 0,1 bis 1,5% Kupfer und gegebenenfalls bis 3% Nikkel enthält und daß das Gußstück auf eine Austenitisierungstemperatur von 800 bis 860°C gebracht, 10 bis 60 Minuten auf dieser Temperatur gehalten, danach in einer Zeit von weniger als 2 Minuten auf die Bainitisierungstemperatur abgekühlt und 5 bis 60 Minuten auf dieser Temperatur gehalten wird.To solve this problem it is proposed that the melt contains less than 0.3% manganese, 0.2 to 0.8% molybdenum, optionally 0.1 to 1.5% copper and optionally up to 3% nickel and that the casting is on brought an austenitization temperature of 800 to 860 ° C, held at this temperature for 10 to 60 minutes, then cooled to the bainitization temperature in less than 2 minutes and held at this temperature for 5 to 60 minutes.
Der Aufwand für die Wärmebehandlung ist beim erfindungsgemäßen Verfahren erheblich geringer als bei den bekannten Verfahren, ohne daß dadurch die guten Werkstoffkennwerte der ein austenitisch-bainitisches Gefüge aufweisenden Gußeisen mit Kugelgraphit beeinträchtigt werden.The cost of heat treatment in the method according to the invention is considerably less than in the known methods, without the good material properties of the cast iron having an austenitic-bainitic structure having nodular graphite being impaired thereby.
Mengenangaben für Mangan, Molybdän und Kupfer, mit denen besonders günstige Ergebnisse erreicht werden können, sind den Patentansprüchen 2 bis 4 entnehmbar.Quantities for manganese, molybdenum and copper, with which particularly favorable results can be achieved, can be found in patent claims 2 to 4.
Der Anteil an Silizium kann 2,0 bis 3,0%, vorzugsweise 2,2 bis 2,6%, der Anteil an Kohlenstoff 2,5 bis 3,7%, vorzugsweise 3,0 bis 3,2%, betragen.The proportion of silicon can be 2.0 to 3.0%, preferably 2.2 to 2.6%, the proportion of carbon 2.5 to 3.7%, preferably 3.0 to 3.2%.
Als vorteilhaft hat sich erwiesen, mit einer Austenitisierungstemperatur von 820 bis 830°C zu arbeiten.It has proven to be advantageous to work with an austenitizing temperature of 820 to 830 ° C.
Es ist zweckmäßig, das Gußstück 10 bis 25 Minuten auf Austenitisierungstemperatur und 20 bis 25 Minuten auf Bainitisierungstemperatur zu halten.It is advisable to keep the casting at the austenitizing temperature for 10 to 25 minutes and the bainitizing temperature for 20 to 25 minutes.
Claims (11)
Applications Claiming Priority (2)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
DE19782853870 DE2853870A1 (en) | 1978-12-13 | 1978-12-13 | BALL GRAPHITE CAST IRON WITH AUSTENITIC-BAINITIC MIXED TEXTURE |
DE2853870 | 1978-12-13 |
Publications (3)
Publication Number | Publication Date |
---|---|
EP0018445A1 EP0018445A1 (en) | 1980-11-12 |
EP0018445B1 true EP0018445B1 (en) | 1984-06-06 |
EP0018445B2 EP0018445B2 (en) | 1990-01-03 |
Family
ID=6057078
Family Applications (1)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
---|---|---|---|
EP79200725A Expired - Lifetime EP0018445B2 (en) | 1978-12-13 | 1979-12-05 | Process for the manufacture of castings of nodular castiron |
Country Status (4)
Country | Link |
---|---|
EP (1) | EP0018445B2 (en) |
JP (1) | JPS5910988B2 (en) |
DE (2) | DE2853870A1 (en) |
ZA (1) | ZA796750B (en) |
Families Citing this family (30)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
CH648350A5 (en) * | 1981-12-03 | 1985-03-15 | Fischer Ag Georg | METHOD FOR isothermal austempering OF workpieces made of ferrous materials. |
FR2522291A1 (en) * | 1982-03-01 | 1983-09-02 | Pont A Mousson | CENTRIFUGAL CAST IRON WITH SPHEROIDAL GRAPHITE AND MANUFACTURING METHOD THEREOF |
JPS59157221A (en) * | 1983-02-25 | 1984-09-06 | Hitachi Metals Ltd | Manufacture of spheroidal graphite cast iron |
JPS6024318A (en) * | 1983-02-25 | 1985-02-07 | Hitachi Metals Ltd | Manufacture of spheroidal graphite cast iron |
US4619713A (en) * | 1983-02-25 | 1986-10-28 | Hitachi Metals, Ltd. | Method of producing nodular graphite cast iron |
JPS60121253A (en) * | 1983-12-05 | 1985-06-28 | Nissan Motor Co Ltd | Spheroidal graphite cast iron |
US4744211A (en) * | 1984-01-06 | 1988-05-17 | Hitachi Metals, Ltd. | Detachable chain and method of producing the same |
US4596606A (en) * | 1984-09-04 | 1986-06-24 | Ford Motor Company | Method of making CG iron |
JPS61136657A (en) * | 1984-12-05 | 1986-06-24 | Ngk Insulators Ltd | Cast metallic mold for molding plastic |
JPS61264155A (en) * | 1985-01-30 | 1986-11-22 | Asahi Malleable Iron Co Ltd | Spheroidal graphite cast iron having bainite matrix and its manufacture |
JPS61264156A (en) * | 1985-01-30 | 1986-11-22 | Asahi Malleable Iron Co Ltd | Spheroidal graphite cast iron having bainite matrix and its manufacture |
SE8502514L (en) * | 1985-05-22 | 1986-11-23 | Volvo Ab | PROCEDURE FOR MANUFACTURING A BAINITHERED SAIL |
JPS6227547A (en) * | 1985-07-30 | 1987-02-05 | Hitachi Metals Ltd | Coil spring and its production |
US4737199A (en) * | 1985-12-23 | 1988-04-12 | Ford Motor Company | Machinable ductile or semiductile cast iron and method |
JPS62214123A (en) * | 1986-03-17 | 1987-09-19 | Kubota Ltd | Manufacture of high strength ductile cast iron |
JPS63227744A (en) * | 1987-03-17 | 1988-09-22 | Mazda Motor Corp | Spheroidal graphite cast iron casting and its production |
US4880477A (en) * | 1988-06-14 | 1989-11-14 | Textron, Inc. | Process of making an austempered ductile iron article |
US5028281A (en) * | 1988-06-14 | 1991-07-02 | Textron, Inc. | Camshaft |
DE3821169A1 (en) * | 1988-06-23 | 1989-12-28 | Wizemann Gmbh U Co J | METHOD FOR PRODUCING WEAR-RESISTANT CASTING PARTS |
JPH04333369A (en) * | 1991-05-07 | 1992-11-20 | Hitachi Zosen Corp | Welding equipment for column of structure |
ES2048656B1 (en) * | 1992-07-09 | 1994-10-16 | Frenos Electricos Unidos Sa | INDUCED ROTORS OF ELECTROMAGNETIC SLOWS MADE WITH FERRITIC NODULAR FOUNDRIES. |
FR2709133B1 (en) * | 1993-08-18 | 1995-11-10 | Tech Ind Fonderie Centre | Intercritical treatment process for cast iron charges. |
FR2712606B1 (en) * | 1993-11-19 | 1996-02-09 | Tech Ind Fonderie Centre | Process for the production of a spheroidal graphite cast iron charge with high mechanical characteristics. |
SE0200124D0 (en) * | 2002-01-18 | 2002-01-18 | Ingenjoers N Allan Persson Hab | Alloy iron |
ITMI20021670A1 (en) * | 2002-07-26 | 2004-01-26 | Erre Vis S P A | SPHEROIDAL CAST IRON PARTICULARLY FOR THE REALIZATION OF ELASTIC SEALING SEGMENTS FOR INTERNAL COMBUSTION ENGINE PISTONS |
EP1534867A2 (en) | 2002-09-04 | 2005-06-01 | Intermet Corporation | Austempered cast iron article and a method of making the same |
DE10344073A1 (en) * | 2003-09-23 | 2005-04-28 | Daimler Chrysler Ag | Crankshaft with combined drive gear and process for their preparation and their use |
DE102008050152B4 (en) | 2008-10-01 | 2013-05-23 | Claas Guss Gmbh | High-strength, ductile cast iron alloy with nodular graphite and process for its production |
IT1403676B1 (en) * | 2011-02-02 | 2013-10-31 | Fonderia Anselmi S P A | MANUFACTURED IN FERROLEGA |
US20200131606A1 (en) * | 2018-10-30 | 2020-04-30 | GM Global Technology Operations LLC | High-strength nodular iron with good weldability and machinability |
Family Cites Families (8)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
FR89010E (en) * | 1967-07-19 | |||
US2485760A (en) * | 1947-03-22 | 1949-10-25 | Int Nickel Co | Cast ferrous alloy |
DE1054102B (en) * | 1955-07-08 | 1959-04-02 | Teves Kg Alfred | Process for the production of a cast iron with a needle-shaped interstage structure |
DE1123353B (en) * | 1957-03-14 | 1962-02-08 | Teves Kg Alfred | Process for the production of cast iron piston rings |
FR1286077A (en) * | 1961-01-20 | 1962-03-02 | Renault | Steel and treatment to obtain parts with a high thermal expansion coefficient |
US3549430A (en) * | 1967-11-14 | 1970-12-22 | Int Nickel Co | Bainitic ductile iron having high strength and toughness |
US3860457A (en) * | 1972-07-12 | 1975-01-14 | Kymin Oy Kymmene Ab | A ductile iron and method of making it |
FI56699C (en) * | 1976-10-05 | 1980-03-10 | Kymin Oy Kymmene Ab | MASKINELEMENT AV SEGJAERN FOER KRAFTOEVERFOERING MEDELST FRIKTION |
-
1978
- 1978-12-13 DE DE19782853870 patent/DE2853870A1/en active Granted
-
1979
- 1979-12-05 DE DE7979200725T patent/DE2967045D1/en not_active Expired
- 1979-12-05 EP EP79200725A patent/EP0018445B2/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 1979-12-12 JP JP54161365A patent/JPS5910988B2/en not_active Expired
- 1979-12-12 ZA ZA00796750A patent/ZA796750B/en unknown
Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
---|---|
JPS5910988B2 (en) | 1984-03-13 |
EP0018445A1 (en) | 1980-11-12 |
DE2853870C2 (en) | 1987-08-06 |
JPS5594459A (en) | 1980-07-17 |
EP0018445B2 (en) | 1990-01-03 |
DE2853870A1 (en) | 1980-07-03 |
DE2967045D1 (en) | 1984-07-12 |
ZA796750B (en) | 1980-11-26 |
Similar Documents
Publication | Publication Date | Title |
---|---|---|
EP0018445B1 (en) | Process for the manufacture of castings of nodular castiron | |
DE60016369T2 (en) | COLD WORKABLE STEEL WIRE OR STEEL STICK AND METHOD | |
EP1794336B1 (en) | piston ring made of cast iron | |
DE3401805C2 (en) | Nodular cast iron and process for its manufacture | |
EP0091897B1 (en) | Strain hardening austenitic manganese steel and process for the manufacture thereof | |
DE69831733T2 (en) | STEEL AND METHOD FOR PRODUCING BEARING PARTS | |
DE60205744T2 (en) | HIGH STRENGTH AND HIGH-DUCTILE STEEL PLATE WITH HYPERFINE CRYSTAL CORRUGATED STRUCTURE MANUFACTURED BY MOBILIZATION PROCESSING AND GLOWING OF COMMON CARBON STEEL STEEL, AND METHOD OF MANUFACTURING THEREOF | |
DE2924167C2 (en) | Process for the production of sheet steel with a double phase structure | |
DE1483218C3 (en) | Process for producing a heat-resistant, ferritic Cr-Mo-V steel with high creep strength and improved creep elongation | |
DE2903082C2 (en) | ||
DE1808515A1 (en) | Cast iron with spheroidal graphite | |
DE2817628C2 (en) | Tough, high-strength steel alloys and processes for making such workpieces | |
US4541878A (en) | Cast iron with spheroidal graphite and austenitic-bainitic mixed structure | |
DE10309386B4 (en) | Process for producing a cast iron material with a targeted residual carbide content | |
DE102018129828A1 (en) | HIGH-STRENGTH BAINITIC STEEL | |
EP0750049A1 (en) | Ferritic steel and its manufacture and use | |
DE102008050152B4 (en) | High-strength, ductile cast iron alloy with nodular graphite and process for its production | |
JPS63166929A (en) | Production of gray cast iron having increased abrasion resistance and toughness | |
DE3401769A1 (en) | BALL PRAPHITE CAST IRON AND METHOD FOR THE PRODUCTION THEREOF | |
DE3509709A1 (en) | Process for producing an austempered nodular cast iron article, and the article thus obtained | |
CA1164777A (en) | Cast iron with spheroidal graphite with austenitic- bainitic mixed structure | |
DE2744458A1 (en) | Wear resistant bainitic cast iron contg. spheroidal graphite - and residual austenite which forms martensite after cold working | |
DE2927676C2 (en) | ||
EP0622466A1 (en) | Method of hardening pieces of spheroidal graphite cast iron | |
DE2620449A1 (en) | Steel bolt mfr. - with hardened and tempered skin and unhardened core |
Legal Events
Date | Code | Title | Description |
---|---|---|---|
PUAI | Public reference made under article 153(3) epc to a published international application that has entered the european phase |
Free format text: ORIGINAL CODE: 0009012 |
|
AK | Designated contracting states |
Designated state(s): DE FR GB IT NL SE |
|
17P | Request for examination filed |
Effective date: 19810512 |
|
ITF | It: translation for a ep patent filed |
Owner name: STUDIO JAUMANN |
|
GRAA | (expected) grant |
Free format text: ORIGINAL CODE: 0009210 |
|
AK | Designated contracting states |
Designated state(s): DE FR GB IT NL SE |
|
REF | Corresponds to: |
Ref document number: 2967045 Country of ref document: DE Date of ref document: 19840712 |
|
ET | Fr: translation filed | ||
RAP2 | Party data changed (patent owner data changed or rights of a patent transferred) |
Owner name: MUEHLBERGER, HORST DR. |
|
PLBI | Opposition filed |
Free format text: ORIGINAL CODE: 0009260 |
|
PLBI | Opposition filed |
Free format text: ORIGINAL CODE: 0009260 |
|
26 | Opposition filed |
Opponent name: PONT-A-MOUSSONS.A. Effective date: 19841227 |
|
26 | Opposition filed |
Opponent name: KYMI STROEMBERG OY Effective date: 19850305 Opponent name: THYSSEN INDUSTRIE AG Effective date: 19850305 Opponent name: KLOECKNER-HUMBOLDT-DEUTZ AG Effective date: 19850305 Opponent name: GEORG FISCHER AG Effective date: 19850302 Opponent name: GEBRUEDER SULZER AKTIENGESELLSCHAFT Effective date: 19850225 |
|
NLR1 | Nl: opposition has been filed with the epo |
Opponent name: PONT-A-MOUSSON S.A. |
|
NLR1 | Nl: opposition has been filed with the epo |
Opponent name: THYSSEN INDUSTRIE AG. Opponent name: KLOECKNER-HUMBOLDT-DEUTZ AG. Opponent name: GEORG FISCHER AG. Opponent name: GEBRUEDER SULZER AG. |
|
PLAB | Opposition data, opponent's data or that of the opponent's representative modified |
Free format text: ORIGINAL CODE: 0009299OPPO |
|
R26 | Opposition filed (corrected) |
Opponent name: PONT-A-MOUSSONS.A. * 850225 GEBRUEDER SULZER AKTIE Effective date: 19841227 |
|
PLAB | Opposition data, opponent's data or that of the opponent's representative modified |
Free format text: ORIGINAL CODE: 0009299OPPO |
|
R26 | Opposition filed (corrected) |
Opponent name: PONT-A-MOUSSONS.A. * 850225 GEBRUEDER SULZER AKTIE Effective date: 19841227 |
|
PUAH | Patent maintained in amended form |
Free format text: ORIGINAL CODE: 0009272 |
|
STAA | Information on the status of an ep patent application or granted ep patent |
Free format text: STATUS: PATENT MAINTAINED AS AMENDED |
|
27A | Patent maintained in amended form |
Effective date: 19900103 |
|
AK | Designated contracting states |
Kind code of ref document: B2 Designated state(s): DE FR GB IT NL SE |
|
NLR2 | Nl: decision of opposition | ||
NLR3 | Nl: receipt of modified translations in the netherlands language after an opposition procedure | ||
ITF | It: translation for a ep patent filed |
Owner name: STUDIO JAUMANN |
|
ET3 | Fr: translation filed ** decision concerning opposition | ||
PGFP | Annual fee paid to national office [announced via postgrant information from national office to epo] |
Ref country code: SE Payment date: 19901120 Year of fee payment: 12 |
|
PGFP | Annual fee paid to national office [announced via postgrant information from national office to epo] |
Ref country code: GB Payment date: 19901203 Year of fee payment: 12 |
|
ITTA | It: last paid annual fee | ||
PGFP | Annual fee paid to national office [announced via postgrant information from national office to epo] |
Ref country code: NL Payment date: 19901231 Year of fee payment: 12 |
|
PG25 | Lapsed in a contracting state [announced via postgrant information from national office to epo] |
Ref country code: GB Effective date: 19911205 |
|
PG25 | Lapsed in a contracting state [announced via postgrant information from national office to epo] |
Ref country code: SE Effective date: 19911206 |
|
PG25 | Lapsed in a contracting state [announced via postgrant information from national office to epo] |
Ref country code: NL Effective date: 19920701 |
|
GBPC | Gb: european patent ceased through non-payment of renewal fee | ||
NLV4 | Nl: lapsed or anulled due to non-payment of the annual fee | ||
REG | Reference to a national code |
Ref country code: FR Ref legal event code: ST |
|
REG | Reference to a national code |
Ref country code: FR Ref legal event code: AR |
|
REG | Reference to a national code |
Ref country code: GB Ref legal event code: 728C |
|
REG | Reference to a national code |
Ref country code: GB Ref legal event code: 728W |
|
PGFP | Annual fee paid to national office [announced via postgrant information from national office to epo] |
Ref country code: FR Payment date: 19941122 Year of fee payment: 16 |
|
EUG | Se: european patent has lapsed |
Ref document number: 79200725.4 Effective date: 19920704 |
|
PG25 | Lapsed in a contracting state [announced via postgrant information from national office to epo] |
Ref country code: FR Effective date: 19960830 |
|
REG | Reference to a national code |
Ref country code: FR Ref legal event code: ST |
|
PGFP | Annual fee paid to national office [announced via postgrant information from national office to epo] |
Ref country code: DE Payment date: 19980217 Year of fee payment: 19 |
|
PG25 | Lapsed in a contracting state [announced via postgrant information from national office to epo] |
Ref country code: DE Free format text: LAPSE BECAUSE OF NON-PAYMENT OF DUE FEES Effective date: 19991001 |
|
APAH | Appeal reference modified |
Free format text: ORIGINAL CODE: EPIDOSCREFNO |
|
PLAB | Opposition data, opponent's data or that of the opponent's representative modified |
Free format text: ORIGINAL CODE: 0009299OPPO |
|
PLAB | Opposition data, opponent's data or that of the opponent's representative modified |
Free format text: ORIGINAL CODE: 0009299OPPO |
|
PLAB | Opposition data, opponent's data or that of the opponent's representative modified |
Free format text: ORIGINAL CODE: 0009299OPPO |