EP0013850B1 - Körnige Treibstoffe auf der Basis von Nitrocellulose, Nitroöl und Polyvinylnitrat und Verfahren zu deren Herstellung - Google Patents

Körnige Treibstoffe auf der Basis von Nitrocellulose, Nitroöl und Polyvinylnitrat und Verfahren zu deren Herstellung Download PDF

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Publication number
EP0013850B1
EP0013850B1 EP79401002A EP79401002A EP0013850B1 EP 0013850 B1 EP0013850 B1 EP 0013850B1 EP 79401002 A EP79401002 A EP 79401002A EP 79401002 A EP79401002 A EP 79401002A EP 0013850 B1 EP0013850 B1 EP 0013850B1
Authority
EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
nitrocellulose
parts
polyvinyl nitrate
weight
powder
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Expired
Application number
EP79401002A
Other languages
English (en)
French (fr)
Other versions
EP0013850A3 (en
EP0013850A2 (de
Inventor
Bernard Zeller
René Couturier
Robert Tribot
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Societe Nationale des Poudres et Explosifs
Original Assignee
Societe Nationale des Poudres et Explosifs
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Societe Nationale des Poudres et Explosifs filed Critical Societe Nationale des Poudres et Explosifs
Publication of EP0013850A2 publication Critical patent/EP0013850A2/de
Publication of EP0013850A3 publication Critical patent/EP0013850A3/fr
Application granted granted Critical
Publication of EP0013850B1 publication Critical patent/EP0013850B1/de
Expired legal-status Critical Current

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Classifications

    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C06—EXPLOSIVES; MATCHES
    • C06B—EXPLOSIVES OR THERMIC COMPOSITIONS; MANUFACTURE THEREOF; USE OF SINGLE SUBSTANCES AS EXPLOSIVES
    • C06B21/00—Apparatus or methods for working-up explosives, e.g. forming, cutting, drying
    • C06B21/0033—Shaping the mixture
    • C06B21/0066—Shaping the mixture by granulation, e.g. flaking
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C06—EXPLOSIVES; MATCHES
    • C06B—EXPLOSIVES OR THERMIC COMPOSITIONS; MANUFACTURE THEREOF; USE OF SINGLE SUBSTANCES AS EXPLOSIVES
    • C06B25/00—Compositions containing a nitrated organic compound
    • C06B25/18—Compositions containing a nitrated organic compound the compound being nitrocellulose present as 10% or more by weight of the total composition
    • C06B25/24—Compositions containing a nitrated organic compound the compound being nitrocellulose present as 10% or more by weight of the total composition with nitroglycerine
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C06—EXPLOSIVES; MATCHES
    • C06B—EXPLOSIVES OR THERMIC COMPOSITIONS; MANUFACTURE THEREOF; USE OF SINGLE SUBSTANCES AS EXPLOSIVES
    • C06B45/00—Compositions or products which are defined by structure or arrangement of component of product
    • C06B45/04—Compositions or products which are defined by structure or arrangement of component of product comprising solid particles dispersed in solid solution or matrix not used for explosives where the matrix consists essentially of nitrated carbohydrates or a low molecular organic explosive
    • C06B45/06—Compositions or products which are defined by structure or arrangement of component of product comprising solid particles dispersed in solid solution or matrix not used for explosives where the matrix consists essentially of nitrated carbohydrates or a low molecular organic explosive the solid solution or matrix containing an organic component
    • C06B45/10—Compositions or products which are defined by structure or arrangement of component of product comprising solid particles dispersed in solid solution or matrix not used for explosives where the matrix consists essentially of nitrated carbohydrates or a low molecular organic explosive the solid solution or matrix containing an organic component the organic component containing a resin
    • C06B45/105—The resin being a polymer bearing energetic groups or containing a soluble organic explosive

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to the field of homogeneous propellant powders in grains for weapons and more particularly to that of gun powders for battle tanks.
  • the invention relates to propellants based on nitrocellulose, nitrated oil and polyvinyl nitrate, as well as a process for their production.
  • the basic material for the manufacture of current propellant powders is nitrocellulose, which gelatinized by a suitable solvent such as an ethyl ether-ethyl alcohol mixture and mixed with the usual additives known to those skilled in the art, such as stabilizers and moderators. combustion, provides the powders commonly known by the general name of "smokeless powders". These powders are well suited for most conventional weapons. They are, for example, described in the book “Les Poudres et Explosifs”, by MM. L. VENNIN, E. BURLOT, H. LECORCHE, Librairie Polytechnique ch. BERANGER, page 578 et seq., (1932).
  • nitrocellulose propellant powders by incorporating an explosive nitrated oil such as nitroglycerin therein.
  • This type of powders is for example described in French patents 1 311 647, 1 456 283, 2153 039.
  • These powders generally called double base powders, have the force required to be used in tank guns and mortars but have two major drawbacks.
  • the nitroglycerin in a large quantity tends to migrate towards the outside of the powder grain and to form droplets at the periphery of the grain, this phenomenon, also called exudation, causes a variation in time of the ballistic properties of the powder not to mention the danger caused by the presence of free nitroglycerin on the surface of the powder grains.
  • these powders have a very high combustion temperature and therefore cause too rapid erosion of the weapon by excessive heating of the inner surface of the barrel tube.
  • the present invention relates to a new homogeneous propellant powder in grains, based on nitrocellulose, an explosive nitrated oil and polyvinyl nitrate, which has sufficient strength to be used in tank guns while not having the disadvantages of double base powders and in particular by being less erosive than the latter.
  • the powders according to the invention are characterized in that they contain between 50 and 75 parts by weight of nitrocellulose, between 5 and 25 parts by weight of polyvinyl nitrate and between 5 and 25 parts by weight of a nitrated oil per 100 parts by weight of energy base.
  • the powders according to the invention have a force comparable to that developed, under the same firing conditions, by conventional gun powders based on nitrocellulose and nitroglycerine, but they have a lower combustion temperature than the latter and are therefore less erosive for weapons.
  • the Applicant has moreover observed that the powders according to the invention have a lower tendency to exudate than conventional powders based on nitrocellulose and on a nitrated oil, and that, surprisingly, their temperature coefficient is significantly lower than that of conventional gun powders.
  • the temperature coefficient measures the variations in the ballistic properties of a powder (pressure in the chamber and velocity of the projectile at the exit of the weapon) as a function of the temperature, the lower this coefficient is the less the ballistic properties of the powder are dependent on temperature.
  • the powder grains according to the invention contain, as was said above, between 50 and 75 parts of nitrocellulose, between 5 and 25 parts of nitrated oil and between 5 and 25 parts of polyvinyl nitrate per 100 parts of base energetic.
  • the Applicant has observed that apart from these ranges of composition, no homogeneous powder is obtained having sufficient ballistic and mechanical properties to be able to be used as gun powders.
  • An oil chosen from the group consisting of nitroglycerin, trimethylol methane trinitrate and trimethylol ethane trinitrate can be used as the nitrated oil. According to a preferred embodiment of the invention, nitroglycerin is used.
  • the invention also relates to a method for manufacturing powders according to the invention.
  • This process is a process with solvents which consists in kneading the energy bases in the presence of said solvents until a homogeneous paste is obtained which is spun in the press, in the form of strands which are wrung out and cut into grains. powder are then soaked and dried. Obtaining a homogeneous paste from nitrocellulose, a nitrated oil and polyvinyl nitrate is very delicate.
  • a solvent acetone / light aliphatic alcohol is used as solvent in proportions such that the content of the acetone paste on mixing is between 30 and 36% by weight relative to the weight of dry nitrocellulose and polyvinyl nitrate. and in that the acetone / alcohol weight ratio is between 1.10 and 1.50.
  • As light aliphatic alcohol ethyl alcohol is preferred.
  • the kneading must be carried out as follows. The selected quantities of nitrocellulose, generally impregnated with alcohol, and nitrated oil, generally already dissolved in acetone, are introduced into the mixer, and the mixture is supplemented with acetone and alcohol.
  • Spinning takes place at a temperature below 30 ° C so as not to alter the mechanical properties of the strands.
  • the strands are cut into grains.
  • the grains after having optionally undergone a first hot drying, are then soaked in water and dried in a conventional manner.
  • the grains of powder are generally not smoothed, but they can be graphitized according to the intended use.
  • the invention thus makes it possible to have grains of homogeneous powder based on nitrocellulose, nitrated oil and polyvinyl nitrate which are in particular usable in the tanks of battle tanks, these grains of powder having a force comparable to that developed in the same conditions by conventional grains of powder based on nitrocellulose and nitroglycerin.
  • the powder grains according to the invention also have the double advantage of having a lower combustion temperature than these conventional powder grains and of having a lower temperature coefficient.
  • the powder according to the invention gives, depending on the projectile temperatures, a speed at least equal to or greater than that given by a conventional simple base powder and that, between - 40 ° C and + 51 ° C the speed of the projectile varies only by 49 m / s with the powder according to the invention whereas '' it varies from 88 m / s with a conventional powder.
  • the pressures developed in the chamber during ignition are the same applies to the pressures developed in the chamber during ignition.
  • the combustion temperature of the powder according to the invention calculated from the energy balance is 3600 K ° whereas for a conventional double base powder of the same strength it is close to 3780 K °, so that the thanks to the invention, there is a sufficiently strong powder to be able to be advantageously used in tank guns, while being less hot than the usual double base powders used in this type of weapon.
  • Example 1 Take the powder from Example 1 and graphite it in a bezel with 0.2% by weight of graphite.
  • the powder thus obtained is fired at room temperature in a smooth 120 ° barrel.
  • the projectile weighs 6.2 kg and 8.2 kg of powder are used.
  • the velocity of the projectile 40 meters from the muzzle of the gun is 1,675.5 m / s and the maximum pressure developed in the combustion chamber of 4,068 bars.
  • This example is intended to show the importance of compliance with the operating conditions in the manufacture of the powder and more particularly the importance of compliance with the conditions relating to the quantities of solvents used.
  • Example 2 The procedure is exactly as described in Example 1 with the only difference that a total of 18.1 kg of alcohol and 23.6 kg of acetone are used.
  • the dough content of acetone in kneading is therefore only 28% relative to the weight of dry nitrocellulose and polyvinyl nitrate.
  • the acetone / alcohol weight ratio is 1.3 and is therefore found to be correct.

Claims (6)

1. Körnige homogene Treibstoffe auf der Basis von Nitrocellulose, Polyvinylnitrat und einem unter Nitroglycerin, Trimethylolmethantrinitrat und Trimethylolethantrinitrat ausgewählten Sprengöl, gekennzeichnet durch 50 bis 75 Gew.-Teile Nitrocellulose, 5 bis 25 Gew.-Teile Polyvinylnitrat und 5 bis 25 Gew. -Teile Sprengöl auf 100 Gew.-Teile Treibstoffkomponenten.
2. Treibstoffe nach Anspruch 1, gekennzeichnet durch ein Stabilisierungsmittel.
3. Treibstoffe nach Anspruch 2, gekennzeichnet durch
-67 Gew.-Teile Nitrocellulose,
-16,5 Gew.-Teile Nitroglycerin,
-16,5 Gew.-Teile Polyvinylnitrat und
- 1,5 Gew.-Teile 2-Nitrodiphenylamin.
4. Treibstoffe nach Anspruch 2, gekennzeichnet durch
-60 Gew.-Teile Nitrocellulose,
-20 Gew.-Teile Nitroglycerin,
-20 Gew.-Teile Polyvinylnitrat und
- 1,5 Gew.-Teile 2-Nitrodiphenylamin.
5. Verfahren zur Herstellung der Treibstoffe nach Anspruch 1 durch Verkneten der Treibstoffkomponenten in Gegenwart eines Gemischs aus Aceton und einem niederen aliphatischen Alkohol bis zur Erzielung einer homogenen Paste, Strangpressen, Trocknen, Schneiden, Tränken und Trocknen, gekennzeichnet durch
(i) Verwendung einer Acetonmenge beim Verkneten von 30 bis 36 Gew.-%, bezogen auf das Trockengewicht aus Nitrocellulose und Polyvinylnitrat, und eines Gewichtsverhältnisses von Aceton zu Alkohol von 1,10 bis 1,50,
(ii) Beginnen durch Mischen der Nitrocellulose mit dem Sprengöl in Gegenwart von Lösungsmitteln und portionsweise Zugabe des festen Polyvinylnitrats zu dem Gemisch aus Nitrocellulose, Sprengöl und Lösungsmitteln und
(iii) Trocknen vor dem Schneiden bei einer Temperatur unter 30 °C.
6. Verfahren nach Anspruch 5, gekennzeichnet durch Verwendung von Äthanol als niederem aliphatischen Alkohol.
EP79401002A 1978-12-22 1979-12-11 Körnige Treibstoffe auf der Basis von Nitrocellulose, Nitroöl und Polyvinylnitrat und Verfahren zu deren Herstellung Expired EP0013850B1 (de)

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
FR7836103A FR2444651A1 (fr) 1978-12-22 1978-12-22 Nouvelles poudres propulsives en grains a base de nitrocellulose, d'huile nitree et de nitrate de polyvinyle et leur procede de fabrication
FR7836103 1978-12-22

Publications (3)

Publication Number Publication Date
EP0013850A2 EP0013850A2 (de) 1980-08-06
EP0013850A3 EP0013850A3 (en) 1980-08-20
EP0013850B1 true EP0013850B1 (de) 1982-07-21

Family

ID=9216447

Family Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
EP79401002A Expired EP0013850B1 (de) 1978-12-22 1979-12-11 Körnige Treibstoffe auf der Basis von Nitrocellulose, Nitroöl und Polyvinylnitrat und Verfahren zu deren Herstellung

Country Status (8)

Country Link
US (1) US4347087A (de)
EP (1) EP0013850B1 (de)
AU (1) AU526506B2 (de)
CA (1) CA1143165A (de)
DE (1) DE2963381D1 (de)
FR (1) FR2444651A1 (de)
IL (1) IL58818A (de)
NO (1) NO148413C (de)

Families Citing this family (3)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US5174837A (en) * 1990-02-21 1992-12-29 Societe Nationale Des Poudres Et Explosifs Temperature-resistant, fragmentable propellent charges
FR2746054B1 (fr) * 1996-03-13 1998-06-12 Procede, moyens et dispositif de compactage, adaptes au compactage de matieres a tendance pyrophorique
US7842144B1 (en) * 2007-06-01 2010-11-30 The United States Of America As Represented By The Secretary Of The Navy Methods of making double base casting powder

Family Cites Families (11)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
DE977704C (de) * 1958-03-07 1968-07-11 Bundesrep Deutschland Raketentreibstoffe
GB1190001A (en) * 1963-03-20 1970-04-29 Nitrochemie Gmbh Improvements in or relating to Solid Propellant Charges
CH504482A (de) * 1968-09-19 1971-03-15 Oerlikon Buehrle Ag Verfahren zur Stabilisierung von Polyvinylnitrat
FR2163816A5 (en) * 1971-12-02 1973-07-27 Poudres & Explosifs Ste Nale Double-base explosive - of improved plasticity
FR2166614A5 (en) * 1971-12-31 1973-08-17 Poudres & Explosifs Ste Nale Explosive compsn - with nitrated binder
FR2210589B1 (de) * 1972-12-14 1976-08-20 Poudres & Explosifs Ste Nale
DE2329558C3 (de) * 1973-06-09 1978-10-05 Fraunhofer-Gesellschaft Zur Foerderung Der Angewandten Forschung E.V., 8000 Muenchen Gießfähige Gasgeneratortreibstoffe
US4023996A (en) * 1973-08-09 1977-05-17 Societe Nationale Des Poudres Et Explosifs Moldable compositions comprising polyvinyl nitrate
FR2240258A1 (en) * 1973-08-09 1975-03-07 Poudres & Explosifs Ste Nale Combustible moulding material for shell cartridges - contg. polyvinylnitrate, nitrocellulose and nitro-2-diphenyl methane as stabiliser
FR2294998A1 (fr) * 1974-12-17 1976-07-16 Poudres & Explosifs Ste Nale Poudres ternaires a la nitroguanidine
FR2411817A1 (fr) * 1977-12-15 1979-07-13 Poudres & Explosifs Ste Nale Chargement unitaire fragmentable de poudre propulsive, contenant un liant au nitrate de polyvinyle

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
AU5415179A (en) 1980-06-26
FR2444651A1 (fr) 1980-07-18
FR2444651B1 (de) 1982-04-23
NO148413C (no) 1983-10-05
EP0013850A3 (en) 1980-08-20
CA1143165A (en) 1983-03-22
EP0013850A2 (de) 1980-08-06
DE2963381D1 (en) 1982-09-09
IL58818A (en) 1982-12-31
US4347087A (en) 1982-08-31
NO148413B (no) 1983-06-27
AU526506B2 (en) 1983-01-13
NO794131L (no) 1980-06-24

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