EP0013847B1 - An internal-combustion engine poppet valve cage cooled by a circulating refrigerant fluid, especially for an engine comprising two outlet valves per cylinder, and method of mounting such a cage - Google Patents

Description

The present invention essentially relates to a mushroom valve chapel cooled by circulation of a coolant, for internal combustion engine.

More particularly, the present invention relates to a mushroom valve chapel cooled by circulation of a coolant for an internal combustion engine comprising two exhaust valves per cylinder as well as a method of mounting such a chapel.

Are already known mushroom valve chapels cooled by circulation of a coolant, for internal combustion engine, which include a cage with at least one veil or arm having a lateral orifice for communication with an inlet or outlet channel gases in or out of the cylinder on which said chapel is mounted, said veil supporting at its end an annular valve seat containing an annular chamber for said refrigerant; as well as a valve guide comprising an annular cavity for said refrigerant separated by a longitudinal partition into at least two compartments respectively of arrival and return of said refrigerant. Furthermore, the web is pierced longitudinally with at least two conduits, respectively leading to said cavity and to said chamber. In addition, one of said conduits ends in the bottom of one of the two compartments and the other conduit ends in the bottom of the other compartment, in order to ensure correct circulation of the coolant.

However, when such chapels are used in engines comprising two exhaust valves per cylinder and therefore two chapels respectively on the right and on the left, the angular position of the abovementioned lateral orifice of each chapel on the right or on the left must be different in order to end up with a single cylinder exhaust gas outlet channel. On the other hand, in most cases, although the upper part forming the valve guide of the left chapel is symmetrical with the upper part forming the valve guide of the right chapel, the lower part forming the cage of the chapel of left can be identical to that of the right chapel provided that the above orientation of the lateral opening is respected.

The major drawback of the valve chapels known up to now consists in that the aforementioned orientation of the lateral orifice for communication with the exhaust gas outlet channel outside the cylinder on which said chapel is mounted cannot be obtained by making two different shaped parts forming a cage, one intended to be adapted to the valve guide part of the left chapel and the other intended to be adapted to the valve guide part of the foundry the chapel on the right. The cost of the chapels finally obtained and therefore relatively high.

The present invention therefore aims to remedy the aforementioned drawback by providing a solution which allows the use of a single piece forming a cage adaptable both to the part forming the valve guide of the chapel on the left and to that of the chapel. right of an internal combustion engine with two exhaust valves per cylinder. Preferably, this straight solution should be of particularly simple design.

This solution consists, according to the invention, in a mushroom valve chapel cooled by circulation of a cooling fluid, for internal combustion engine, in particular for engine comprising two exhaust valves per cylinder, of the type previously described, characterized in that it is made of at least two complementary parts respectively upper and lower with transverse joint plane cutting said longitudinal partition, and in that it comprises an intermediate element interposed between said upper part and said lower part, said element comprising at at least two openings allowing adequate circulation of the coolant between the upper and lower parts of the same compartment and arranged so as to avoid any direct communication of coolant between the coolant inlet and return compartments for at least two positions different angles of said two parts.

Thanks to this structure of the valve chapel, the same lower part can be used for the aforementioned left chapel and the right chapel since it is possible to obtain the correct angular orientation of the aforementioned lateral orifice of each chapel. along the axis of the exhaust gas outlet channel out of the cylinder by simple rotation of the lower part relative to the upper part, the intermediate element making it possible to achieve the correct circulation of the coolant.

This makes it possible to make a significant saving relative to the previous methods according to which the lower part forming the cage of the left chapel had a different shape from the lower part forming the cage of the right chapel. This therefore results in a significant reduction in the cost of production of the chapels.

According to a particularly advantageous embodiment, the intermediate element is substantially planar and advantageously consists of a washer whose two aforementioned openings are radially arranged and extend in an arc of circle less than 180 ° C.

Advantageously, the two aforementioned openings are arranged substantially symmetrically with respect to the center of symmetry of said intermediate element.

According to a preferred embodiment, each aforementioned opening is radially disposed and extends in an arc of circle of between approximately 135 ° and less than 180 °, which allows a shift of the respective angular positions of the two upper and lower parts up to 45 °.

On the other hand, in the case where the valve chapel is a right chapel of an engine comprising two exhaust valves respectively on the left and on the right per cylinder, the lower part has an angular offset of approximately 22 to 25 °, preferably 23 ° 30 'relative to the normal angular position of the lower part relative to the upper part without intermediate element.

In the case of a valve chapel for the chapelle on the left of an engine comprising two exhaust valves respectively on the left and on the right per cylinder, the lower part has an angular offset of approximately 40 to 43 °, preferably 41 ° 30 'with respect to the normal angular position of the lower part relative to the upper part, without any intermediate element. Thus, it can be seen that the valve chapel according to the present invention has great adaptability since it is possible to vary the angular position of the lower part relative to the upper part, and therefore the angular position of the lateral orifice. communication with the exhaust gas outlet channel, between very different values ranging from 0 to 45 °. In this regard, it should be noted that these valve chapels can also be adapted to the case of engines comprising two intake valves per cylinder, these engines also comprising two chapels on the left and on the right for each cylinder communicating with a single channel d gas admission into the cylinder, which is particularly advantageous.

The invention also relates to engines having at least two intake or exhaust valves per cylinder comprising two corresponding chapels of right and left respectively, with lateral orifice for communication with a single gas inlet or outlet channel in or outside said cylinder, characterized in that said chapels are constituted by chapels according to the invention as defined above, the upper parts of the left and right respectively are symmetrical while the lower part of the left chapel is identical to that of the chapel on the right.

Advantageously, as mentioned previously, the lower part of the right chapel has an angular offset of 22 to 25 °, preferably 23 ° 30 ′, with respect to the normal angular position of the lower part relative to the upper part, without any element. intermediate and, similarly, the chapel on the left has an angular offset of about 40 to 43 °, preferably 41030 '.

Finally, the present invention relates to a method of mounting a valve cap according to the invention, characterized in that it consists in securing, for example by welding or brazing the intermediate element with one of the upper or lower parts aforementioned so that each opening is arranged on either side of the plane of the longitudinal partition of the cavity of said part and then to be joined, for example by welding or brazing, the other of said upper or lower parts with the assembly upper or lower intermediate element-part, with a predetermined angular offset of between 0 and 45 ° relative to the normal position of said parts without intermediate element.

• La figure 1 est une vue en coupe transversale d'un cylindre d'un moteur comportant soupapes d'échappement et donc deux chapelles d'échappement selon l'invention dont l'orifice latéral aboutit à un canal unique de sortie des gaz d'échappement. La coupe est réalisée au niveau des chapelles de soupape, les soupapes ayant été enlevées pour plus de clarté; la figure 2 est une vue en coupe selon la ligne II-II de la figure 1 ladite coupe étant rabattue; la figure 3 est une vue en coupe selon la ligne III-III de la figure 2; la figure 4 est une vue en coupe analogue à celle de la figure 3, représentant la chapelle de droite, la position de la pièce supérieure de ladite chapelle étant représentée en traits fantômes; la figure 5 est une vue en coupe selon la ligne V-V de la figure 2.

Other objects, characteristics and advantages of the invention will appear more clearly in the light of the explanatory description which follows, made with reference to the appended drawings representing a currently preferred embodiment of a valve cap according to the invention, given only as an example.

• Figure 1 is a cross-sectional view of a cylinder of an engine comprising exhaust valves and therefore two exhaust chapels according to the invention, the lateral orifice leading to a single exhaust gas outlet channel . The cut is made at the valve chapels, the valves having been removed for clarity; Figure 2 is a sectional view along line II-II of Figure 1 said section being folded down; Figure 3 is a sectional view along line III-III of Figure 2; Figure 4 is a sectional view similar to that of Figure 3, showing the chapel on the right, the position of the upper part of said chapel being shown in phantom lines; FIG. 5 is a sectional view along the line VV in FIG. 2.

With reference to FIGS. 1 to 5, and more particularly to FIG. 2, a mushroom valve chapel cooled by circulation of a cooling fluid, for an internal combustion engine, comprises a cage 1 and a valve guide 2. To facilitate understanding of the drawing, the valve, which comes to be fitted by its rod in the chapel, has not been shown.

The chapel 1 comprises at least one veil 3 or arm comprising a lateral orifice 4 for communication with an inlet or outlet channel 5 (see FIG. 1) of the gases in or out of the cylinder 6 on which the chapel is mounted. The web 3 supports at its end an annular valve seat 7 containing an annular chamber 8 for said refrigerant. The valve guide 2 has an annular cavity 9 for the refrigerant separated by a longitudinal partition 10 (see Figures 3 and 5) into at least two compartments 9a, 9b respectively of inlet (compartment 9a) and return (compartment 9b) of the refrigerant.

The web 3 is pierced longitudinally with at least two conduits, such as the conduits 11, 12 (FIG. 5) leading respectively to the cavity 9 and to the chamber 8. One (11) of said two conduits (11, 12) ends in the bottom of one (9a) of the two compartments (9a, 9b) and the other conduit (12) ends in the bottom of the other compartment (9b).

According to the present invention, this valve chapel is made of at least two complementary pieces, respectively upper 14 and lower 16 with transverse joint plane 15 cutting said longitudinal partition 10 into a portion of upper partition 10a and a portion of lower partition 10b. Furthermore, this chapel according to the invention comprises an intermediate element 17 interposed between the upper part 14 and the lower part 16. This intermediate element 17 has at least two openings 19 and 20 as can be seen in Figure 3, allowing a suitable circulation of the coolant between the upper (21; 22) and lower (23; 24) parts of the same compartment (9a; 9b). These openings 19, 20 are arranged so as to avoid any direct communication of coolant between the inlet compartments 9a and return 9b of the coolant for at least two different angular positions of said two parts, as can be seen in Figures 3 and 4.

Preferably, the intermediate element is substantially planar, and advantageously consists of a washer, the two openings 19, 20 of which are radially disposed and extend in an arc of circle less than 180 ° C. as can be seen in FIGS. 3 and 4.

According to a particularly advantageous embodiment, the two openings 19, 20 are arranged substantially symmetrically with respect to the center of symmetry C (FIG. 3) of the intermediate element 17.

Advantageously, each opening 19, 20 is radially arranged and extends in an arc of circle of between approximately 135 ° and 180 °, which allows an offset (a Figure 3; or ß Figure 4) of the respective angular positions of the two parts upper 14 and lower 16 between 0 and 45 °.

Furthermore, when the chapel according to the invention is intended to form the right chapel 30 of an engine comprising two exhaust valves respectively on the left and on the right per cylinder 6 and therefore two chapels 30, 31, the lower part 16 advantageously has an angular offset þ (see FIG. 4) of approximately 22 to 25 °, preferably 23 ° 30 ′ (as shown) relative to the normal angular position of the lower part 16 relative to the upper part 14 without intermediate element .

Similarly, when the chapel according to the invention is intended to form the left chapel 31 of such an engine with two exhaust valves per cylinder, the lower part 16 advantageously has an angular offset (a, FIG. 3) from approximately 40 to 43 °, preferably 41 ° 30 ′ (as shown) relative to the normal angular position of the lower part 16 relative to the upper part 14, without intermediate element 17.

The valve chapels according to the invention therefore have the main application of engines having at least two intake or exhaust valves per cylinder 6 (FIG. 1) comprising two corresponding chapels respectively on the right 30 and on the left 31, with lateral orifice , such as 4, for communication with a single channel 5 for inlet or outlet (in the case shown) of gases into or out of the cylinder. In this case, the chapels 30, 31 are constituted by chapels according to the invention, the upper parts of the left 14 and the right respectively 14 ′ are symmetrical while the lower part 16 of the left chapel is identical to that of the chapel of right.

It should be noted that in Figure 4, the upper part 14 'of the right chapel 30 uses the same reference numbers as those of the upper part 14 of the left chapel 31 with a prime index to differentiate them. Thus, the longitudinal partition of the upper part 14 'is indicated 10a' and corresponds to the part 10a (Figure 3).

The invention therefore makes it possible to use the same lower part 16 forming a cage for the left chapel or the right chapel, which makes it possible to lower the production cost of the valve chapels by greater standardization of the foundry parts to be produced. . Another advantage of this construction consists in that these chapels have a great adaptability since it is possible to vary the angular position of the lower part 16 relative to the upper part 14 between wide limits between 0 and 45 °.

Of course, the upper part 14, the intermediate element 17 and the lower part 16 are invariably linked to the mounted state, for example by welding or brazing in a manner known per se. Then, each chapel is mounted on a cylinder 6 (FIG. 1) by means such as 32, 33, 32 ', 33' allowing suitable fixing in the cylinder head of the engine.

The invention also relates to a method of mounting the aforementioned valve cap characterized in that it consists in securing, for example by welding or brazing, the intermediate element 17 with one (16) of the parts upper 14 or lower 16 above so that each opening 19, 20 is disposed on either side of the plane of the longitudinal wall 10 of the cavity 9 of said part (16) and then to be joined, for example by welding or brazing , the other (14) of said upper 14 and lower parts 16 with the intermediate element 17-upper or lower part assembly (in the case shown it is the lower part 16), with an angular offset (a, figure 3; [3, Figure 4) predetermined between 0 and 45 ° relative to the normal position of said upper 14 and lower 16 parts without intermediate element 17.

It is understood that the offset of an angle α of the partition 10 between the upper part 14 and the lower part 16 corresponds to an identical offset of the position of the lateral orifice 4, which makes it possible to adapt the position of this lateral orifice 4 along the axis of the channel 5 for the outlet of the exhaust gases from the cylinder 6 on which the chapel is mounted, as shown in FIG. 1.

Furthermore, if it is a question of mounting a right-hand chapel of an engine comprising two exhaust valves per cylinder, that is to say two chapels 30, 31 per cylinder 6 (FIG. 1), the angular offset β is between 22 ° and 25 °, preferably is equal to 23 ° 30 'as shown in FIG. 4. Similarly, in the case of a chapel on the left, this angular offset a is advantageously between 40 and 43 °, preferably is equal to 41 ° 30 'as shown in Figure 3.

It should be noted that various modifications can be made to this chapel. Thus, the annular chamber 8 can be formed by the assembly of an added piece 34 on the web 3 according to a transverse joint plane 35, in order to facilitate the construction of said chapel.

Likewise, the invention is in no way limited to the embodiment described and shown, which has been given only by way of example. In particular, it includes all the means constituting technical equivalents of the means described as well as their combinations if these are carried out according to the spirit and within the scope of the claims which follow.

Claims (10)

1. A mushroom valve casing cooled by cooling fluid circulation, for an internal combustion engine, particularly for an engine comprising two exhaust valves per cylinder, of the type comprising a cage with at least one web or arm portion provided with a lateral port communicating with a duct for the intake or the exhaust of the gases into or from the cylinder on which is mounted the said casing, the said web portion supporting at its end an annular valve seat containing an annular chamber for the said cooling fluid; and a valve-stem guide provided with an annular cavity for the said cooling fluid, separated by a longitudinal partition into at least two compartments for the intake and the return, respectively, of the said cooling fluid, the said web portion being provided with at least two longitudinally cut passages opening into the said cavity and the said chamber, respectively, one of the said two passages opening into the bottom of one of the said two compartments and the other passage opening into the bottom of the other compartment, characterized in that it is constituted by at least two complementary, respectively upper and lower parts, the jointing plane between which intersects the said longitudinal partition, and in that it comprises an intermediate element interposed between the said upper part and the said lower part, the said element being provided with at least two openings allowing the cooling fluid to properly circulate between the upper and lower parts of a same compartment and so arranged as to avoid any direct cooling-fluid communication between the cooling fluid intake and return compartments in at least two different angular positions of the said two parts.

2. A valve casing according to claim 1, characterized in that the intermediate element is substantially flat and advantageously constituted by a ring whose two afore-mentioned openings are arranged radially and extend along an arc of a circle smaller than 180°.

3. A valve casing according to claim 1 or 2, characterized in that the two aforesaid openings are arranged substantially symmetrically with respect to the center of symmetry of the said intermediate element.

4. A valve casing according to one of the foregoing claims, characterized in that each aforesaid opening is arranged radially and extends along an arc of a circle comprised between about 135° and less than 180°, thus allowing the said upper and lower parts to be shifted up to 45° from one another in angular position.

5. A valve casing according to one of the foregoing claims, for use as a right-hand valve casing in an engine comprising two, respectively left-hand and right-hand exhaust valves per cylinder, characterized in that the lower part is angularly shifted by about 22 to 25°, preferably 23.30°, with respect to the normal angular position of the lower part relatively to the upper part without intermediate element.

6. A valve casing according to one of claims 1 to 4, for use as a left-hand valve casing in an engine comprising two, respectively left-hand and right-hand exhaust valves per cylinder, characterized in that the lower part is angularly shifted by about 40 to 43°, preferably 41.30°, with respect to the normal angular position of the lower part relatively to the upper part without intermediate element.

7. An engine provided with at least two intake or exhaust valves per cylinder comprising two corresponding, respectively right-hand and left-hand valve casings with a lateral port communicating with a single duct for the intake or the exhaust of the gases into or from the cylinder, respectively, characterized in that the said valve casings are constituted by casings according to one of the foregoing claims, the upper, respectively left-hand and right-hand parts of which are symmetrical, whereas the lower part of the left-hand casing is identical with that of the right-hand casing.

8. An engine according to claim 7, characterized in that the lower part of the right-hand valve casing is angularly shifted by 22 to 25°, preferably 23.30°; with respect to the normal angular position of the lower part relatively to the upper part without intermediate element, whereas the lower part of the left-hand valve casing is angularly shifted by 40 to 43°, preferably 41.30°, with respect to the normal angular position of the lower part relatively to the upper part without intermediate element.

9. A method of mounting a valve casing according to any one of claims 1 to 6, characterized in that it consists in securing, for example by welding or brazing, the intermediate element to one of the aforesaid upper or lower part in such as way that each opening is located on either side of the plane of the longitudinal partition, and then in securing, for example by welding or brazing, the other one of the said upper and lower parts to the assembly constituted by the intermediate element and the upper or lower part, with a predetermined angular shift comprised between 0 and 45° with respect to the normal position of the said parts without intermediate element.

10. A method according to claim 9, characterized in that, in the case of a right-hand valve casing, the afore-mentioned angular shift is from 22 to 25°, preferably 23.30°, whereas in the case of a left-hand valve casing, the aforesaid angular shift is from 40 to 43°, preferably 41.30⁰.

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