EP0013498B1 - Process for producing self-crimping yarns, multifilament yarns containing latent crimp filaments, and multifilament yarns containing developed crimp filaments - Google Patents

Process for producing self-crimping yarns, multifilament yarns containing latent crimp filaments, and multifilament yarns containing developed crimp filaments Download PDF

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Publication number
EP0013498B1
EP0013498B1 EP19790302957 EP79302957A EP0013498B1 EP 0013498 B1 EP0013498 B1 EP 0013498B1 EP 19790302957 EP19790302957 EP 19790302957 EP 79302957 A EP79302957 A EP 79302957A EP 0013498 B1 EP0013498 B1 EP 0013498B1
Authority
EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
filaments
class
yam
filament
denier
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Expired
Application number
EP19790302957
Other languages
German (de)
English (en)
French (fr)
Other versions
EP0013498A1 (en
Inventor
Lawrence Everett Blackmon
John Robert Dees
Wayne Thomas Mowe
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Celanese Corp
Original Assignee
Monsanto Co
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Monsanto Co filed Critical Monsanto Co
Publication of EP0013498A1 publication Critical patent/EP0013498A1/en
Application granted granted Critical
Publication of EP0013498B1 publication Critical patent/EP0013498B1/en
Expired legal-status Critical Current

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    • D—TEXTILES; PAPER
    • D02—YARNS; MECHANICAL FINISHING OF YARNS OR ROPES; WARPING OR BEAMING
    • D02G—CRIMPING OR CURLING FIBRES, FILAMENTS, THREADS, OR YARNS; YARNS OR THREADS
    • D02G3/00—Yarns or threads, e.g. fancy yarns; Processes or apparatus for the production thereof, not otherwise provided for
    • D02G3/22—Yarns or threads characterised by constructional features, e.g. blending, filament/fibre
    • D02G3/24—Bulked yarns or threads, e.g. formed from staple fibre components with different relaxation characteristics
    • D—TEXTILES; PAPER
    • D01—NATURAL OR MAN-MADE THREADS OR FIBRES; SPINNING
    • D01D—MECHANICAL METHODS OR APPARATUS IN THE MANUFACTURE OF ARTIFICIAL FILAMENTS, THREADS, FIBRES, BRISTLES OR RIBBONS
    • D01D5/00—Formation of filaments, threads, or the like
    • D01D5/20—Formation of filaments, threads, or the like with varying denier along their length
    • D—TEXTILES; PAPER
    • D01—NATURAL OR MAN-MADE THREADS OR FIBRES; SPINNING
    • D01D—MECHANICAL METHODS OR APPARATUS IN THE MANUFACTURE OF ARTIFICIAL FILAMENTS, THREADS, FIBRES, BRISTLES OR RIBBONS
    • D01D5/00—Formation of filaments, threads, or the like
    • D01D5/22—Formation of filaments, threads, or the like with a crimped or curled structure; with a special structure to simulate wool
    • D—TEXTILES; PAPER
    • D01—NATURAL OR MAN-MADE THREADS OR FIBRES; SPINNING
    • D01D—MECHANICAL METHODS OR APPARATUS IN THE MANUFACTURE OF ARTIFICIAL FILAMENTS, THREADS, FIBRES, BRISTLES OR RIBBONS
    • D01D5/00—Formation of filaments, threads, or the like
    • D01D5/253—Formation of filaments, threads, or the like with a non-circular cross section; Spinnerette packs therefor
    • D—TEXTILES; PAPER
    • D02—YARNS; MECHANICAL FINISHING OF YARNS OR ROPES; WARPING OR BEAMING
    • D02G—CRIMPING OR CURLING FIBRES, FILAMENTS, THREADS, OR YARNS; YARNS OR THREADS
    • D02G1/00—Producing crimped or curled fibres, filaments, yarns, or threads, giving them latent characteristics
    • D02G1/18—Producing crimped or curled fibres, filaments, yarns, or threads, giving them latent characteristics by combining fibres, filaments, or yarns, having different shrinkage characteristics

Definitions

  • the invention relates to the art of melt-spun synthetic yams and processes for their production and more particularly to such yarns which combine high bulk with a wool-like hand and improved moisture transport.
  • a process for producing a self-crimping yam comprising first and second types of filaments, the process comprising spinning the first type of filaments by generating first and second individual streams of molten polymer of fiber-forming molecular weight, the individual streams travelling at different velocities; converging the individual streams side-by-side to form a combined stream; and quenching the combined streams to form a combined filament, spinning the second type of filaments by extruding a third stream of molten polymer of fiber-forming molecular weight from a helical orifice selected to give a filament with a helical cross-section and lower shrinkage than the combined filament at a given common" spinning speed; and quenching the third stream into a filament; withdrawing the filaments from the streams at the given common spinning speed; and combining the filaments into a yam.
  • each of the streams is of polyester polymer.
  • the spinning speed is selected such that the yarn has a shrinkage below 20%.
  • the spinning speed is selected such that the yam has a shrinkage below 8%.
  • the spinning speed is between 5000 and 6000 yards (4572 and 5486 metres) per minute, and each of the first type of filaments is polyester.
  • the helical. cross-section is open at its inner end.
  • a multifilament yam comprising first and second classes of filaments; each of the first class of filaments having a periodic variation in denier greater than ⁇ 25% about a mean value and possessing latent crimp; each of the second class of filaments having a helical cross-section and having lower shrinkage than the shrinkage of the filaments in the first class.
  • each of the second class of filaments has a denier larger than the average denier of the first class of fiiaments.
  • the first class of filaments are formed from polyester:
  • a multifilament yarn comprising first and second classes of filaments; each of the filaments of the first class having a periodic variation in denier of greater than ⁇ 25% about a mean value and possessing a developed crimp; each of the filaments of the second class having a helical cross-section and being longer than the filaments of the first class whereby the filaments of the second class protrude from the yarn in loops.
  • each of the second class of filaments has a denier larger than the average denier of the first class of filaments.
  • the first class of filaments are formed from polyester.
  • the helical cross-section is open at its inner end.
  • polyester polymer as used herein means fiber-forming polymers at least 85% by weight of which is formable by reacting a dihydric alcohol with terephthalic acid, Polyester typically is formed either by direct esterification of ethylene glycol with terephthalic acid or by ester interchange between ethylene glycol and dimethylterephthalate.
  • FIGS 1 and 2 illustrate the preferred embodiment of a spinneret design which can be employed for obtaining the first. type of filaments according to the invention.
  • the spinneret includes a large counterbore 20 formed in the upper surface 21 of spinneret plate 22.
  • Small counterbore 24 is formed in the bottom of and at one side of large counterbore 20.
  • a large capillary 26 extends from the bottom of large counterbore 20 at the side opposite small counterbore 24, and connects the bottom of large counterbore 20 with the lower surface 28 of plate 22.
  • Small capillary 30 connects the bottom of counterbore. 24 with surface'28.
  • Capillaries 26 and 30 are each inclined four degrees from the vertical, and thus have an included angle of eight degrees.
  • Counterbore 20 has a diameter of 0.113 inch (2.87 mm), while counterbore 24 has a diameter of 0.052 inch (1.32 mm).
  • Capillary 26 has a diameter of 0.016 inch (0.406 mm) and a length of 0.146 inch (3.71 mm), while capillary 30 has a diameter of 0.009 inch (0.229 mm) and a length of 0.032 inch (0.813 mm).
  • Land 32 separates capillaries 26 and 30 as they emerge at surface 28, and has a width of 0.0043 inch (0.109 mm).
  • Plate 22 has a thickness of 0.554 inch (14.07 mm). Capillaries 26 and 30 together with counterbores 20 and 24.constitute a combined orifice for spinning various novel and useful filaments according to the invention, as will be more particularly described hereinafter.
  • Figure 3 is a graph showing how polyester filament shrinkage varies with spinning speed for two illustrative cases of jet stretch.
  • the curve in dotted lines shows that the shrinkage falls from about 65% at 3400 ypm (about 3100 mpm) to about 5% at 5000 ypm (about 4500 mpm) when using spinneret capillaries having diameters of 0.063 inch (1.6 mm) and when simultaneously spinning 34 such filaments to be false-twist draw-textured to yield a textured yarn having 150 denier.
  • the solid curve shows that the shrinkage drops off at higher speeds when using spinneret capillaries having diameters of 0.015 inch (0.38 mm) when similarly simultaneously spinning 34 such filaments to be false-twist draw-textured to yield a textured yarn having 150 denier.
  • Using different capillary diameters produces a family of curves between, to the left, and to the right of those illustrated.
  • the curves also can be shifted (for a given capillary diameter) by varying the polymer throughput. In other words, the curves can be shifted by varying the jet stretch, which is the ratio of yarn speed just after solidification to average speed of molten polymer in the capillary.
  • the spinneret is so designed that one of the individual streams has a velocity in its capillary between 2.0 and 7 times (preferably between 3.5 and 5.5 times) the velocity of the other of the streams in its capillary. Further advantages are obtained when the faster of the two streams has a smaller cross-sectional area than the slower of the streams, particularly in degree of crimp and spinning stability. Productivity is increased when the spinning speed is selected such that the combined filament has a shrinkage less than 20%, and is maximized when the shrinkage is less than 896.
  • melt-spinnable polymers as a class, are achievable by use of spinnerets wherein the streams intersect outside the spinneret.
  • molten polyester polymer of normal textile molecular weight is metered at a temperature of 290°C through a spinneret having 34 combined orifices as above specifically disclosed.
  • the polymer throughput is adjusted to produce filaments of 4 average denier per filament at a spinning speed of 5200 yards (4755 metres) per minute, the molten streams being conventionally quenched into filaments by transversely directed quenching air.
  • the slower stream attenuates between the points of attachment 38 and the loops of the faster stream become straightened until the faster stream is brought into continuous contact with the slower stream.
  • the slower stream attenuates more between than at the points of first attachment, so that the resulting combined stream has a cross-section which is larger at the points of first attachment than in the regions between these points.
  • the resulting combined stream is then further attenuated somewhat until it is solidified into a filament 40 by the transverse quench air.
  • Each solidified filament 40 has non-round cross-sectional areas which vary repetitively along its length, and, after being heated while under low tension, has variable pitch S-twisted and Z-twisted helically coiled sections, the sections being less tightly coiled in regions of large cross-sectional area than in regions of small cross-sectional area.
  • the filament cross-sectional area repetitively varies at a repetition rate of about one per metre, although this can be varied by modifying the spinning conditions and the geometry of the spinneret passages.
  • a multiple orifice spinneret will typically provide somewhat different repetition rates among the several resulting streams and filaments.
  • An example of this is qualitatively shown in Figure 7, wherein is shown that various orifices produce somewhat different repetition rates as determined by stroboscopic examination of the combined streams just below the spinneret face. The repetition rate is proportional to the stroboscope frequency bringing about apparent cessation (or freezing) of movement of the thick and thin regions of the filament.
  • the filaments have non-round cross-sections which vary by more than ⁇ 1096 along the length of the filaments, and alternating S-twisted and Z-twisted helically crimped sections, the variations in cross-sectional areas being out of phase from filament to filament and the helically crimped sections being out of phase from filament to filament.
  • the. filaments vary repetitively along their lengths by more than ⁇ 25% (preferably more than ⁇ 3096) about a mean value in cross-sectional area.
  • the effects are particularly pronounced when the yarn has a Uster uneveness of at least 2.5% U.
  • the Uster measurement is made by using the Uster Evenness Tester, Model C, together with integrator ItG-101 for this instrument.
  • the yarn speed is 182.8 meters per minute (200 ypm), the service selector is set on normal, and the sensitivity selector is set to 12.5%.
  • the % U is read from the integrator after a sample run time of 5 minutes.
  • Figure 8 shows the preferred embodiment of spinneret design which can be employed for obtaining the second type of filament according to the invention.
  • the orifice is in the form of a spiral slot through the spinneret place and extending over more than 360 degrees.
  • An examplary slot may have a width of 0.1 mm and a length of 4 mm along the length of the spiral. If the clearance between the inner end and the nearest intermediate portion of the slot is sufficiently small, the molten stream issuing therefrom will bridge the gap between the inner end of the spiral cross-sectional stream and. the nearest intermediate portion of the stream cross-section, forming a filament with a spiral cross-section closed at its inner end.
  • the filament having a cross-section comprising a spiral closed at its inner end will have a more powerful crimp than. one having a cross-section comprising a spiral open at its inner end.
  • the latter will, however, have substantially increased moisture transport and moisture holding capacity as compared to the former, which is itself superior to ordinary round filaments.
  • the second class of filaments may be spun from spinneret orifices selected such that, at the given common spinning speed, the filaments of the first class will have a higher shrinkage than those of the second class.
  • molten polyethylene terephthalate polymer of normal molecular weight for textile apparel yarns is extruded simultaneously through two spinnerest, one of which contains 34 combined orifices as above described and the other of which contains 17 spiral slots as above described.
  • the extrusion rates are selected such that each resulting class of filaments has a total denier of 88 at a winding or spinning speed of 5200 ypm (about 4600 meters per minute).
  • the molten streams are quenched into filaments by transversely directed moving air, and the 51 filaments are converged into a common yarn bundle and wound on a bobbin at 5200 ypm (4755 meters per minute) as a yarn having a denier of 76.
  • the yarn is heated to 150°C while under low tension to develop the latent crimp in those filaments of the first class and to develop the shrinkage differences between the two classes of filaments.
  • Those filaments of the first class collected separately, have a shrinkage of 17%, while those of the second class, collected separately, have a shrinkage of 3.5%.
  • the combined yam has a shrinkage of 14%.
  • Each filament of the first class has a periodic variation in denier from approximately one denier to approximately four denier, while the filaments of the second class protrude in relatively large loops from the yarn bundle.
  • the number or the denier per filament of the filaments of the second class can be increased, the range of about 5-9 dpf being particularly suitable.
  • Moisture transport is increased over prior art yarns, and more particularly when the spiral cross-section of the second class of filaments is open at the inner end.
  • Shrinkage is determined by the method disclosed in this paragraph. Generally speaking, a sample yarn's initial length L o is determined while the yarn is under a tension of 0.1. grams per denier. The yarn is then subjected to a tension of 0.0025 grams per denier and placed in an oven at 120°C for five minutes. The yarn is then removed from the oven, again subjected to a tension of 0.1 grams per denier and its length L 2 determined. Shrinkage percentage equals

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • Textile Engineering (AREA)
  • Yarns And Mechanical Finishing Of Yarns Or Ropes (AREA)
  • Spinning Methods And Devices For Manufacturing Artificial Fibers (AREA)
  • Artificial Filaments (AREA)
  • Multicomponent Fibers (AREA)
EP19790302957 1978-12-21 1979-12-19 Process for producing self-crimping yarns, multifilament yarns containing latent crimp filaments, and multifilament yarns containing developed crimp filaments Expired EP0013498B1 (en)

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
US97213178A 1978-12-21 1978-12-21
US972131 1978-12-21

Publications (2)

Publication Number Publication Date
EP0013498A1 EP0013498A1 (en) 1980-07-23
EP0013498B1 true EP0013498B1 (en) 1982-09-22

Family

ID=25519216

Family Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
EP19790302957 Expired EP0013498B1 (en) 1978-12-21 1979-12-19 Process for producing self-crimping yarns, multifilament yarns containing latent crimp filaments, and multifilament yarns containing developed crimp filaments

Country Status (5)

Country Link
EP (1) EP0013498B1 (ja)
JP (1) JPS5584409A (ja)
KR (1) KR840000346B1 (ja)
CA (1) CA1108832A (ja)
DE (1) DE2963755D1 (ja)

Families Citing this family (5)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
JPS59106565A (ja) * 1982-12-10 1984-06-20 帝人株式会社 吸水性ポリエステル繊維の製造法
US4522773A (en) * 1983-02-24 1985-06-11 Celanese Corporation Process for producing self-crimping polyester yarn
EP0432272B1 (en) * 1989-06-09 1995-05-03 Otsuka Kagaku Kabushiki Kaisha Artificial lawn, pile yarn for artificial lawn, and method for producing said lawn
JP2534397B2 (ja) * 1990-09-21 1996-09-11 株式会社クラレ 超偏平繊維の製造方法
CN111733470B (zh) * 2020-06-12 2022-11-08 温州大学 一种自卷曲复合吸湿纤维、制备方法及织物

Family Cites Families (7)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US3315021A (en) * 1964-06-19 1967-04-18 Snia Viscosa Process for the production of crimpable composite synthetic yarns
US3444684A (en) * 1967-01-10 1969-05-20 Southwire Co Method of forming a multi-strand cable
GB1454522A (en) * 1973-02-23 1976-11-03 Ici Ltd Bulked polyester textile yarns
CS175764B1 (ja) * 1974-09-06 1977-05-31
JPS5822573B2 (ja) * 1977-02-23 1983-05-10 東レ株式会社 特殊嵩高糸の製造方法
US4176150A (en) * 1977-03-18 1979-11-27 Monsanto Company Process for textured yarn
EP0009883B1 (en) * 1978-10-02 1982-07-28 Monsanto Company Self crimping yarn, process for producing a self crimping yarn, and textured yarn having a wool-like hand

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
EP0013498A1 (en) 1980-07-23
CA1108832A (en) 1981-09-15
JPS6330404B2 (ja) 1988-06-17
DE2963755D1 (en) 1982-11-04
JPS5584409A (en) 1980-06-25
KR840000346B1 (ko) 1984-03-26

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