EP0012887B1 - Vertikales und horizontales Schreiben erlaubender Tintenstrahldrucker - Google Patents

Vertikales und horizontales Schreiben erlaubender Tintenstrahldrucker Download PDF

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Publication number
EP0012887B1
EP0012887B1 EP79104888A EP79104888A EP0012887B1 EP 0012887 B1 EP0012887 B1 EP 0012887B1 EP 79104888 A EP79104888 A EP 79104888A EP 79104888 A EP79104888 A EP 79104888A EP 0012887 B1 EP0012887 B1 EP 0012887B1
Authority
EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
jet printer
ink jet
accordance
ink
electric field
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Expired
Application number
EP79104888A
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English (en)
French (fr)
Other versions
EP0012887A2 (de
EP0012887A3 (en
Inventor
Leon Milton Cooper
Walter Jacob Wipke
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
International Business Machines Corp
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International Business Machines Corp
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by International Business Machines Corp filed Critical International Business Machines Corp
Publication of EP0012887A2 publication Critical patent/EP0012887A2/de
Publication of EP0012887A3 publication Critical patent/EP0012887A3/fr
Application granted granted Critical
Publication of EP0012887B1 publication Critical patent/EP0012887B1/de
Expired legal-status Critical Current

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    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B41—PRINTING; LINING MACHINES; TYPEWRITERS; STAMPS
    • B41J—TYPEWRITERS; SELECTIVE PRINTING MECHANISMS, i.e. MECHANISMS PRINTING OTHERWISE THAN FROM A FORME; CORRECTION OF TYPOGRAPHICAL ERRORS
    • B41J2/00—Typewriters or selective printing mechanisms characterised by the printing or marking process for which they are designed
    • B41J2/485—Typewriters or selective printing mechanisms characterised by the printing or marking process for which they are designed characterised by the process of building-up characters or image elements applicable to two or more kinds of printing or marking processes
    • B41J2/505—Typewriters or selective printing mechanisms characterised by the printing or marking process for which they are designed characterised by the process of building-up characters or image elements applicable to two or more kinds of printing or marking processes from an assembly of identical printing elements
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B41—PRINTING; LINING MACHINES; TYPEWRITERS; STAMPS
    • B41J—TYPEWRITERS; SELECTIVE PRINTING MECHANISMS, i.e. MECHANISMS PRINTING OTHERWISE THAN FROM A FORME; CORRECTION OF TYPOGRAPHICAL ERRORS
    • B41J2/00—Typewriters or selective printing mechanisms characterised by the printing or marking process for which they are designed
    • B41J2/005—Typewriters or selective printing mechanisms characterised by the printing or marking process for which they are designed characterised by bringing liquid or particles selectively into contact with a printing material
    • B41J2/01—Ink jet
    • B41J2/07—Ink jet characterised by jet control
    • B41J2/075—Ink jet characterised by jet control for many-valued deflection
    • B41J2/08—Ink jet characterised by jet control for many-valued deflection charge-control type
    • B41J2/09—Deflection means

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to an inkjet printer capable of printing horizontally and vertically.
  • a pressurized ink jet leaving a nozzle is exposed to disturbance and is divided into droplets at a predetermined distance from the outlet of the nozzle.
  • the droplets thus formed receive a charge imparted to them by a charging electrode and then pass between a pair of deflection electrodes to which a high voltage is applied.
  • the value of the charge applied to the ink droplets by said electrode determines the extent of the vertical deviation which is imparted to them so that characters or symbols can be formed by the droplets on a printing medium, such as 'a sheet of paper, placed in the immediate vicinity of said deflection electrodes.
  • the droplets receive no charge, or receive only a weak charge, and therefore are not deflected as they pass between the deflection electrodes; they are then intercepted by a gutter, from where they are brought back to their starting point for reuse in the system.
  • a gutter is the IBM 6640 printer which is part of the IBM 6 system.
  • the vertical deviation imparted to the ink droplets makes it possible to form a column of dots on the sheet of paper or other support.
  • Each of the droplets of a column thus formed receives a slightly larger charge than the previous droplet, so that the column is traced, in the example cited, from bottom to top.
  • the characters are thus formed, within a particular matrix, by means of a series of columns.
  • the various elements of the print head are located on a carriage which moves in a predetermined direction along the surface of the paper or other medium.
  • an ink mist tends to accumulate, in such cases, on the plates which are not excited, which requires periodic cleaning of the device.
  • the voltage applied to the deflection electrodes is necessarily very high, so that switching the power supply from one pair of plates to another is difficult, the power supply normally having to be cut off before each switching. This difficulty could obviously be avoided by using a separate power supply for each pair of plates, but this is not necessary in the case of the printer of the present invention, which can operate correctly without having to provide the necessary electrical circuits associated with such duplication of power supplies.
  • the present invention relates to a printer according to claim 1.
  • One of the objects of the present invention is therefore to modify the orientation of the electric field in an ink-jet printer so as to make vertical printing as well as horizontal printing possible.
  • Another object of the present invention is to allow the use of a single pair of plates to create the deflection electric field required for the purposes of horizontal printing and vertical printing.
  • FIG. 1 schematically shows an ink-jet printer produced in accordance with the present invention.
  • Pressurized ink 1 is expelled from a nozzle 2a which comprises, for example, a droplet generator, in the form of a jet.
  • a nozzle 2a which comprises, for example, a droplet generator, in the form of a jet.
  • this jet is divided into droplets having almost random dimensions and spacing, but in this case a vibration is imparted to the ink inside the nozzle cavity (not shown) at an ultrasonic frequency fixed, by means, for example, of a circuit (not shown) which excites a piezoelectric crystal contained in the droplet generator 2.
  • the pressure waves cause the jet 1 to be divided into a series of droplets having dimensions and uniform spacing at well-determined distances from the outlet of the nozzle 2a.
  • a typical droplet generator is described in the publication "IBM Technical Disclosure Bulletin", vol. 21, n ° 5, October 1978, pp. 1949-1950.
  • the ink droplets then pass through an electric field generated by applying a high voltage of fixed value to a pair of deflection plates 11 and 12 arranged horizontally.
  • the charge applied to each droplet having a determined value, any droplet can be deflected vertically by a desired distance.
  • the droplets are deflected vertically from bottom to top and form a column of dots on the paper.
  • the droplets which are not used for the purposes of printing receive no charge and are intercepted by a gutter 6 and brought back to a pump 6d via a reservoir 6a, a filter 6b and a supply ink 6c.
  • the pump 6d continuously supplies ink to the droplet generator 2.
  • a conventional ink recirculation system for such a printer is described in US Pat.
  • the droplet generator 2, the charging electrode 4, the deflection plates 11 and 12, and the gutter 6 are mounted on a carriage 7 which is driven horizontally along a predetermined path, that is to say perpendicular to the plane of the sheet of paper on which Figure 1 is plotted, at a relatively constant speed during the printing operation.
  • the droplets can thus be deposited in suitable locations inside a character-forming frame or a screen, so as to print the desired character or symbol.
  • the carriage 7 is driven by a device 7a, such as a motor operating in direct current, under the control of electronic circuits (not shown).
  • the device 7a and the electronic circuits used to drive the carriage are described in detail in European patent application EP-A-0010199 filed by the applicant on September 24, 1979. It will be noted that the electric field is practically perpendicular to the direction in which the carriage moves.
  • a detector 9 comprising a matrix 9a of elements which emit and receive light and a concave mirror 9b, is arranged on the carriage, the elements 9a and 9b being located on either side of a fixed reference network 9c which is mounted on the chassis of the machine.
  • the network 9c makes it possible, in conjunction with the matrix and the mirror, to generate signals which are transmitted to the electronic circuits of the machine to apply a voltage to the charging electrode and to control the drive device 7a of the carriage 7
  • the detection method and device are described in more detail in European patent application EP-A-0 006 443 filed by the applicant on May 22, 1979.
  • the detection circuits are also described in the European patent application EP-A-0006482 filed by the applicant on 1 June 1979.
  • the network 9c consists of opaque and transparent parts which are offset by 90 ° relative to each other.
  • the detection matrix comprises a pair of light sources and a pair of detectors, the light passing through the array being reflected by the mirror 9b and striking the detectors which, with the circuits associated with them, alternately generate a signal which , in conjunction with a counter, allows the transitions to be counted (opaque parts with transparent parts), and therefore indicates the absolute position of the carriage 7 at any point along its route.
  • means are provided for modifying the electric field existing between the deflection electrodes 11 and 12 so as to allow horizontal printing as well as vertical printing.
  • This modification of the electric field is carried out by causing a mechanical rotation of the electrodes, which then pass from the position indicated in FIG. 2, corresponding to the case of a horizontal (conventional) printing at the position represented in FIG. 3, used in the vertical printing.
  • the deflection electrodes 11 and 12 are mounted on a cylinder 13 having a central recess 13a inside which they are partially arranged. These electrodes have surfaces 11a and 12a arranged facing each other and which are preferably equidistant from the longitudinal axis of the nozzle 2a (see Figure 1).
  • the charging electrode 4 can be placed inside the cylinder near the nozzle 2a or be mounted separately, depending on its configuration.
  • the cylinder 13 is rotatably mounted in a sleeve 14a which is connected, by means, for example, of elements 15 and 16 acting as a support, to the carriage 7
  • the internal diameter of the sleeve 14a is such that it can receive the cylinder 13.
  • the sleeve 14a can optionally be divided along the line 14b into two parts constituting an upper half 17 and a lower half 18.
  • the upper half 17 can have at its periphery a slot 19 intended to receive, in the example shown, a rod 20, one of the ends of which is connected to the cylinder 13 and the opposite end of which is located outside the upper half 17 , ends with a handle 21.
  • Adjustable stops 22 and 23 can be arranged at the periphery of the upper half 17 so as to limit the displacement of the rod 20 in the slot 19 and to ensure correct positioning of the rod 20 and therefore of the cylinder 13 and the electrodes 11 and 12.
  • the deflection electrodes are fixed and occupy the position which is that of the electrodes 11 and 12 in FIG. 2.
  • the circuits necessary to ensure the printing functions are described in the European patent application EP- A-0 013 296 filed by the applicant on October 12, 1979.
  • a drive device (including the electronic circuits associated with it) corresponding to the electronic circuits of the IBM 6640 printer is described in detail in the patent application European EP-A-0 010199
  • the platen drive device can take any conventional form, but it is essential that the electronic circuits of the printer make it possible to determine the position of the paper placed on the platen so that, for example, the starts and stops '' perform in such a way that functions for determining the end of the paper, the margin, positioning the first character, etc. are performed.
  • the plate 30 may comprise a disc 31 which is connected to the shaft 32 of the printer and which may comprise a network of markers 33 identical to the network described in European patent application EP-A-0 006 441 , but which is here circular.
  • the network 33 may include a detector 34 which is identical to that described in said European patent application EP-A-0 006 441 which comprises a matrix 35 of elements which emit and which receive light as well as a mirror 36 between which the disc 31 rotates.
  • An appropriate discontinuity can therefore be provided in said network so as to serve as a starting point for the rotation of the plate, which is ensured by the drive device, which can be identical to that described in the above-mentioned European patent application EP-A00199.
  • the drive device described here is preferably used.
  • FIG. 4 on which is shown the cylinder 13 comprising the deflection electrodes 11 and 12 which occupy in the FIG. A position corresponding to a horizontal impression, the electric field then being oriented vertically and the printing of ink droplets also occur vertically.
  • the cylinder 13 can be provided with means making it possible to pass from the putting into service of the carriage driving device (in the case of horizontal printing) to that of the platen drive (in the case of vertical printing), or vice versa.
  • the means used for this purpose comprise a switch 40, the single pole 41 of which can pass from an upper contact 42 to a lower contact 43 and vice versa.
  • the switch When the switch is in its normal position, such as that shown in Figure 4, all signals related to the functions mentioned above can be applied to the carriage drive control circuit, however only when printing is done vertically , the pole 41 comes into contact with the element 43, thereby rendering the logic A associated with the carriage control circuit inoperative and putting into service the logic B associated with the circuit drive control circuit.
  • Each of these two logics can comprise several AND gates with two inputs, the common inputs being respectively connected to contact 42 and to contact 43 of switch 40.
  • contact 42 when contact 42 is energized (see Figure 4), the first input of all the AND gates of logic A are at the high level, so that it is sufficient that a second entry of one or more of the AND gates corresponding to the functions of carriage return (RET. CH.), of tabulation (TAB. ), spacing (ESP.), rear spacing (ESP. REAR) and exhaust (ESCAPE) is energized so that a suitable output is applied to the carriage drive control circuit.
  • RET. CH. carriage return
  • TAB. spacing
  • ESP. REAR rear spacing
  • ECAPE exhaust
  • the switch 40 may be of the magnetic type and the cylinder 13 may include a magnet 44 so that, when the handle 21 is passed from the position corresponding to a horizontal impression to the position corresponding to a vertical impression (respectively shown on Figure 4 in solid and dotted lines), the magnet rotates counterclockwise and causes the pole 41 to pass from its first position to the second. It is thus possible to select one or the other of the logics A and B respectively associated with the drive of the carriage and that of the plate.
  • the output lines 44 and 45 pertaining to the “carriage return” function are connected in a cross so that, when a “carriage return” signal is obtained on the corresponding line, the circuit for driving the plate can be energized, for example during a predetermined time interval to allow the platen to move to the position corresponding to the next printing line.
  • a signal “return from the carriage is applied to the logic B and to the circuit for controlling the drive of the plate, a signal is also applied to the carriage drive control circuit so that the latter moves a predetermined distance along its horizontal path.
  • a “carriage return” signal can thus be used to cause an offset or a displacement of the printing position independently of the printing mode.
  • the character selection and character matching signals are applied to a character generator 50 which transmits an address to an unalterable memory in which assorted characters are stored, and which receives from this memory data relating to the printing, column by column, of the desired character, this data then being transmitted to a logic for positioning the ink droplets 51, which generates digital data representing the voltage to be applied to the charging electrode 4 via a digital / analog converter 52.
  • a selection must be made at the level of the character sets so as to be able to transmit the required data, depending on whether the printing is done vertically or horizontally.
  • the magnetic switch may include a second pole 41a with which are associated a first contact 42a and a second contact 43a, which allows one or the other of said sets to be implemented depending on the position of the pole 41a.
  • the pole 41a a can be passed from contact 42a to contact 43a to select assortment A via an exclusive OR gate 53, or vice versa to select assortment B.
  • the character positioning logic can be of the type described in the above-mentioned European patent application EP-A-0013296.
  • EP-A-0013296 taking into account the relative speed at which the carriage 7 moves, or the speed of the paper when the printing takes place vertically, it may not be possible to employ the method described in the patent US-A- 4,086,601 to compensate for the aerodynamic effects to which the droplets may be subject or the interactions which may occur between the charged droplets.
  • FIG. 6 A variant of the device of the present invention is shown in Figures 6 and 7.
  • the cylinder has been replaced by a carriage 60 comprising recesses 61 and 62 in which two pairs of deflection electrodes are respectively housed: 63, 64 and 65, 66.
  • the carriage 60 can be mounted, for example, in a slide 67 in dovetail so as to allow the alignment of the recess 61 or 62 with the nozzle 2a for the purposes, respectively, of a horizontal impression or a vertical impression.
  • the device of the present invention makes it possible to modify the direction in which printing is carried out by an ink-jet printer by simply orienting the electric field in one of two mutually perpendicular directions which are practically perpendicular to the desired path of the ink droplets.
  • the implementation of one or the other of the drive devices respectively associated with the carriage and the printing medium so that the orientation of the electric field is practically perpendicular to the direction in which the movement is carried out allows printing to be carried out in the chosen direction.

Landscapes

  • Particle Formation And Scattering Control In Inkjet Printers (AREA)
  • Dot-Matrix Printers And Others (AREA)
  • Ink Jet (AREA)

Claims (13)

1. Tintenstrahldrucker mit :
einer Düse (2a) zum Auspritzen von Tintentropfen ;
einer ersten Elektrode (4), um die Tintentropfen in Abhängigkeit von den abzudruckenden Zeichen oder Symbolen entsprechenden Signalen mit einer Ladung zu versehen ;
einem Aufzeichnungsträger (3d), worauf Bilder zur Darstellung der Signalen abgebildet werden können, die der an die Tintentropfen angewandten Ladung entsprechen, Mittel (11, 12) zur Erzeugung eines elektrischen quasi senkrecht zu dem Verlauf der Tintentropfen liegenden Feldes, wobei das elektrische Feld in Abhängigkeit von der Amplitude der Ladung die Tintentropfen ablenkt ;
Mitteln (7, 7a) zum Veranlassen einer relativen Bewegung zwischen der Düse (2a) und dem Aufzeichnungsträger (30) in mindestens einer der zwei Richtungen, wobei eine vertikal und die andere horizontal ist ;
dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass der Tintenstrahldrucker dazu Mittel (13, 21, 40), die mit den Mitteln zum Veranlassen der relativen Bewegung zwischen der Düse und dem Aufzeichnungsträger verbunden sind, zur Ausrichtung des elektrischen Feldes aufweist, so dass es senkrecht zu der gewählten relativen Richtung liegt.
2. Tintenstrahldrucker, nach Anspruch 1, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass die Mittel Zum Veranlassen des elektrischen Feldes ein Paar von jenseits der Folgen von Tintentropfen angeordneten Ablenkelektroden (11, 12) aufweist.
3. Tintenstrahldrucker nach Anspruch 2, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass er einen Wagen (7) aufweist, worauf die Düse (2a), die erste Elektrode (4) und die Ablenkelektroden (11, 12) angeordnet sind.
4. Tintenstrahldrucker nach Anspruch 3, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass die Mittel zur Ausrichtung des elektrischen Feldes eine Walze (13) mit einer zentralen Aushöhlung (13a) aufweisen, wobei die Ablendekektroden (11, 12) innerhalb der Aushöhlung angeordnet sind.
5. Tintenstrachldrucker nach Anspruch 4, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass er ein mit dem Wagen (7) verbundenes Tragelement (14a) aufweist, das so angeordnet ist, dass die Walze darum drehen kann.
6. Tintenstrahldrucker nach Anspruch 5, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass die Walze (13) einen Griff (21) und Mittel (22, 23) zur Begrenzung der Drehung der Walze aufweist.
7. Tintenstrahldrucker nach Anspruch 6, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass das auf dem Wagen angeordnete Tragelement aus einer Hülse besteht, in der die Walze angeordnet ist, und die einen derartigen sich radial erstreckenden Schiltz (19) aufweist, so dass er den Griff (21) empfangen kann.
8. Tintenstrahldrucker nach Anspruch 7, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass die zur Begrenzung der Walzendrehung dienenden Mittel (22, 23) einstellbare auf der Hülse angeordnete Anschläge aufweist.
9. Tintenstrahldrucker nach Anspruch 3, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass die Mittel zum Veranlassen einer relativen Bewegung aufweisen : eine Antriebsvorrichtung (7a) für den Wagen (7), die den Antrieb des Wagens parallel zu dem Aufzeichnungsträger (30) ermöglicht, und eine Antriebsvorrichtung für den Aufzeichnungsträger (30), die die Bewegung des letzteren senkrecht zu der von dem Wagen gelaufenen Strecke gewährleistet.
10. Tintenstrahldrucker nach Anspruch 9, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass er Mittel aufweist, die in Abhängigkeit von der Ausrichtung des elektrischen Feldes die Auswahl der einen oder der anderen Antriebsvorrichtung ermöglicht.
11. Tintenstrahldrucker nach Anspruch 10, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass er mindestens zwei Sätze von Schriftzeichen, und auch Mittel aufweist, die in Abhängigkeit von der Ausrichtung des elektrischen Feldes die Auswahl des einen oder des anderen Satzes von Schriftzeichen ermöglichen.
12. Tintenstrahldrucker nach Anspruch 3, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass er ein zweites Paar von Ablenkelektroden (63, 64, 65, 66), auf dem Wagen (60) angeordnete Montagemittel, die das zweite Paar von Ablenkelektroden im Abstand von dem ersten Paar haelt, wobei die zwei Paare einen gegenseitigen Winkel bilden, der ungefähr 90° gleicht, so dass elektrische im wesentlichen as eine im Verhältnis zu dem anderen senkrecht liegende Felder erzeugt werden, wobei die Mittel zur Ausrichtung des elektrischen Feldes Mittel (67) zur Verstellung der Montagemittel von einer ersten Lage, wo die Elektroden des ersten Paares jenseits der Strecke der Folge von Tintentropfen angeordnet sind, in einer zweiten Lage aufweisen, wo die Elektroden des zweiten Paares jenseits der Strecke angeordnet sind.
13. Tintenstrahldrucker nach Anspruch 12, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass er Anschläge (68, 69) zur Begrenzung der Bewegung der Montagemittel zwischen der ersten und der zweiten Lage aufweist.
EP79104888A 1978-12-22 1979-12-04 Vertikales und horizontales Schreiben erlaubender Tintenstrahldrucker Expired EP0012887B1 (de)

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
US05/973,056 US4190845A (en) 1978-12-22 1978-12-22 Electric field orientation for ink jet printers for vertical and horizontal printing
US973056 1978-12-22

Publications (3)

Publication Number Publication Date
EP0012887A2 EP0012887A2 (de) 1980-07-09
EP0012887A3 EP0012887A3 (en) 1981-03-25
EP0012887B1 true EP0012887B1 (de) 1984-07-04

Family

ID=25520442

Family Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
EP79104888A Expired EP0012887B1 (de) 1978-12-22 1979-12-04 Vertikales und horizontales Schreiben erlaubender Tintenstrahldrucker

Country Status (6)

Country Link
US (1) US4190845A (de)
EP (1) EP0012887B1 (de)
JP (1) JPS5849393B2 (de)
CA (1) CA1128113A (de)
DE (1) DE2967091D1 (de)
IT (1) IT1165435B (de)

Families Citing this family (12)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US4219823A (en) * 1979-09-17 1980-08-26 International Business Machines Corporation Image inclination control for bi-directional ink jet printers
US4246589A (en) * 1979-09-17 1981-01-20 International Business Machines Corporation Inertial deflection field tilting for bi-directional printing in ink jet printers
US4408907A (en) * 1980-10-21 1983-10-11 Ing. C. Olivetti & C., S.P.A. Dot printing device for accounting, terminal, telewriting machine, and similar office machine
US4550320A (en) * 1983-10-31 1985-10-29 Centronics Data Computer Corp. Carriage-mounted velocity multi-deflection compensation for bi-directional ink jet printers
DE3832670A1 (de) * 1988-09-27 1990-03-29 Philips Patentverwaltung Druckkopf fuer einen matrixdrucker
WO1990009566A1 (en) * 1989-02-17 1990-08-23 Leningradsky Institut Tochnoi Mekhaniki I Optiki Electric drop-jet generator
US5117374A (en) * 1989-10-10 1992-05-26 Tektronix, Inc. Reciprocating-element position encoder
JPH0754618B2 (ja) * 1992-01-16 1995-06-07 三洋電機株式会社 ディスク再生装置
US5984444A (en) * 1997-06-26 1999-11-16 James M. Hawley Electrostatic three dimensional printer
US6582055B1 (en) 2001-08-07 2003-06-24 Lexmark International, Inc. Method for operating a printer having vertically offset printheads
US10863045B2 (en) 2017-04-20 2020-12-08 Newtonoid Technologies, L.L.C. Mobile printer
WO2018195480A1 (en) * 2017-04-20 2018-10-25 Newtonoid Technologies, L.L.C. Mobile printer

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Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US3298030A (en) * 1965-07-12 1967-01-10 Clevite Corp Electrically operated character printer
JPS5116669Y1 (de) * 1970-12-16 1976-05-06
GB1439216A (en) * 1972-10-24 1976-06-16 Oki Electric Ind Co Ltd Ink-jet printers
JPS566868B2 (de) * 1973-01-17 1981-02-14
US4075636A (en) * 1976-12-16 1978-02-21 International Business Machines Corporation Bi-directional dot matrix printer with slant control

Non-Patent Citations (1)

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Title
IBM Technical Disclosure Bulletin Vol. 15 No. 9 Feb. 1973 page 2791 *

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
DE2967091D1 (en) 1984-08-09
IT7928133A0 (it) 1979-12-18
EP0012887A2 (de) 1980-07-09
JPS5849393B2 (ja) 1983-11-04
CA1128113A (en) 1982-07-20
JPS5587575A (en) 1980-07-02
IT1165435B (it) 1987-04-22
US4190845A (en) 1980-02-26
EP0012887A3 (en) 1981-03-25

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